Switching power source apparatus

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a switching power source apparatus that is suitably used in a computer display monitor or a large-sized television image receiver in which a high resolution video signal is displayed using, for example, a cathode ray tube. More particularly, the invention is intended, in a display monitor or television image receiver, which uses, for example, a cathode ray tube, to enable the generation of a plurality of voltages including the generation of a high voltage efficiently.

2. Description of the Related Art

As a power source apparatus used in a computer display monitor, etc. for making display of a video signal having a high resolution, there has hitherto been used an apparatus such as that illustrated in FIG.

9

. This apparatus uses an insulated type switching power source circuit, a horizontal deflection circuit, and a high-voltage generation circuit.

Namely, in

FIG. 9

, a commercially available alternating power source (AC)

100

is connected to a smoothing capacitor

102

through a diode bridge rectification circuit

101

. A negative-polarity end of the capacitor

102

is grounded and a positive-polarity end thereof is connected to an oscillation drive circuit

104

through a resistor

103

. This positive-polarity end of the capacitor

102

is grounded through a switching circuit part

105

comprised of a serial circuit of switching elements Qa

1

and Qa

2

. And, these switching elements Qa

1

and Qa

2

are driven so that these elements may be alternately made conductive by a prescribed frequency by the oscillation drive circuit

104

.

Further, the switching circuit part

105

constitutes a half-bridge circuit; the positive-polarity end of the capacitor

102

is connected to the drain of the switching element Qa

1

; and the source of the switching element Qa

2

is grounded. Also, to the switching elements Qa

1

and Qa

2

there are respectively connected in parallel damper diodes Da

1

and Da

2

. And, a point of connection between the source of the switching element Qa

1

and the drain of the switching element Qa

2

is grounded through a resonance capacitor

106

, a choke coil

107

, and a primary winding La

1

of an insulated type converter transformer

108

.

As a result of this, into the primary winding La

1

of the converter transformer

108

there is made to flow a resonance current that is inverted according to the oscillating frequency of the oscillation drive circuit

104

. Thereby, a so-called “separately-excited type” of current-resonance type of converter power source circuit is constructed. Namely, in this circuit, the fundamental operation on a primary side of the converter transformer

108

, when typically illustrated, is as illustrated in

FIGS. 10A

to

10

C. In these

FIGS. 10A

to

10

C, an equivalent circuit that is prepared when the switching element Qa

1

has been made “on” by a drive pulse output from the oscillation drive circuit

104

illustrated in

FIG. 10A

is illustrated in FIG.

10

B. And, an equivalent circuit that is prepared when the switching element Qa

2

has been made “on” by that drive pulse is illustrated in FIG.

10

C.

On this account, when the switching element Qa

1

has been made “on”, a switch

201

corresponding to the switching element Qa

1

in the equivalent circuit in

FIG. 10B

is closed. Therefore, there is constructed a serial resonance circuit that is comprised of a direct current voltage source

203

corresponding to the positive-polarity end of the capacitor

102

, the resonance capacitor

106

, an inductor

204

including the choke coil

107

and primary winding La

1

, and a resistor

205

. And, using the direct current voltage source

203

as a power source, a positive-polarity resonance current is made to flow through that circuit by way of the switch

201

.

Next, when the switching element Qa

2

has been made “on”, a switch

202

corresponding to the switching element Qa

2

in the equivalent circuit in

FIG. 10C

is closed. Therefore, by way of this switch

202

, a negative-polarity resonance current is made to flow through the serial resonance circuit that is comprised of the resonance capacitor

107

, the inductor

204

, and the resistor

205

. And, in this way, the positive-polarity and negative-polarity resonance currents are alternately generated according to the drive pulses output from the oscillation drive circuit

104

, whereby a desired frequency of alternating current is made to flow through the serial resonance circuit.

Further, the waveforms of the currents flowing through respective portions of each of the equivalent circuits illustrated in

FIGS. 10A

to

10

C are illustrated in

FIGS. 11A

to

11

C. Here, FIG.

11

A and

FIG. 11B

illustrate the waveforms of the current IQ

1

and current IQ

2

flowing, respectively, through the switching elements Qa

1

and Qa

2

while

FIG. 11C

illustrates the waveform of a resonance current I

1

flowing through the serial resonance circuit. Also, in

FIG. 12

, illustration is made of the relationship between the resonance current I

1

flowing through the serial resonance circuit and the frequency f. In

FIG. 12

, f

0

represents the resonance frequency of the serial resonance circuit of

FIGS. 10A

to

10

C and fsw represents the repetitive operating frequency of the switching circuit part

105

that is driven by the oscillation drive circuit

104

.

In this case, assume that C, L, and R represent the values of the resonance capacitor

106

, inductor

204

, and resistor

205

, respectively, and that Z represents the impedance of the serial resonance circuit with respect to each frequency ω. Determining the admittance under this assumption, the admittance Y is expressed in the form of the following [equation no. 1].

\begin{matrix} Y = 1 / Z = \frac{R - j (ω L - 1 / ω C)}{R^{2} + {(ω L - 1 / ω C)}^{2}} & [Equation No . 1] \end{matrix}

On the other hand, the resonance frequency f

0

of the serial resonance circuit is expressed in the form of the following [equation no. 2].

\begin{matrix} f0 = \frac{1}{2 π \sqrt{(LC)}} & [Equation No . 2] \end{matrix}

Here, because the current I is in proportion to the Y of the [equation no. 1], when showing the magnitude of the current I

1

as measured with respect to the frequency by the use of that Y, the variation thereof is as indicated by a curve of FIG.

12

. The resonance current has a maximum value at the resonance frequency f

0

. Also, the repetitive operating frequency fsw of the switching circuit part

105

comprised of the switching elements Qa

1

and Qa

2

is so set as to move along the right side of this resonance current curve, i.e., so that, in these frequencies, the relationship of fsw>f

0

may be satisfied.

On this account, standing on the above-described fundamental operation, the entire circuit operation of

FIG. 9

will now be explained in detail. The switching operation of the power source circuit in the circuit construction of this

FIG. 9

is performed as follows. First, using as the charging current the rectification current that is obtained by rectifying the commercially available alternating power source

100

, which is closed, with the diode bridge rectification circuit

101

, a rectified and smoothed voltage is generated across the both ends of the smoothing capacitor

102

. Further, using this rectified and smoothed voltage as the operating power source, a power source is supplied to the oscillation drive circuit

104

through the resistor

103

. And the drive pulses that are alternately generated in the oscillation drive circuit

104

are supplied to the switching elements Qa

1

and Qa

2

, respectively.

And, with certain timing, from the oscillation drive circuit

104

, for example, a positive drive pulse is supplied to the switching element Qa

1

and, conversely, a negative drive pulse is supplied to the other switching element Qa

2

constituting the switching circuit part

105

. As a result of this, the switching element Qa

1

becomes “on” and the switching element Qa

2

becomes “off”. Then, a positive-polarity resonance current is supplied to the serial resonance circuit comprised of the resonance capacitor

106

, choke coil

107

, and primary winding La

1

of the insulated type converter transformer

108

via the switching element Qa

1

.

Further, with the next timing, from the oscillation drive circuit

104

, for example, a negative drive pulse is supplied to the switching element Qa

1

and, conversely, a positive drive pulse is supplied to the other switching element Qa

2

constituting the switching circuit part

105

. As a result of this, the switching element Qa

1

immediately becomes “off” and the switching element Qa

2

becomes “on”. Then, a negative-polarity resonance current is supplied to the serial resonance circuit comprised of the resonance capacitor

106

, choke coil

107

, and primary winding La

1

of the insulated type converter transformer

108

via the switching element Qa

2

.

By the serial resonance current obtained by this operation being repeatedly performed, the converter transformer

108

is excited. And, alternating output voltages are taken out from secondary windings La

2

, La

3

, La

4

, and La

5

that have been made on a secondary side of the converter transformer

108

. Further, to these secondary windings La

2

, La

3

, La

4

, and La

5

, there are connected rectification circuits (diodes)

109

,

110

,

111

, and

112

and smoothing circuits (capacitors)

113

,

114

,

115

, and

116

for taking out the direct current voltages from those alternating output voltages, respectively.

In this way, from the secondary windings La

2

, La

3

, La

4

, and La

5

of the converter transformer

108

, through the rectification circuits

109

,

110

,

111

, and

112

and smoothing circuits

113

,

114

,

115

, and

116

, there are taken out a so-called “+B voltage” (the voltage value of that is E

0

) that becomes a power source voltage of, for example, a horizontal deflection circuit or a high-voltage generation circuit and the other voltages (the voltage values of that are E

2

, E

3

, and E

4

) that are used as the power source voltages of respective signal-operation circuits.

Also, the conversion to constant voltage of the so-called “+B voltage” that is obtained from the secondary winding La

2

of the converter transformer

108

and that becomes a power source voltage of the horizontal deflection circuit or high-voltage generation circuit is performed, for example, as follows. Namely, assume, for example, that the brightness of an image displayed on the cathode ray tube rises with the result that a high-voltage load fluctuates so as to increase, or that the horizontal amplitude of the image displayed on the cathode ray tube fluctuates so as to become wide. Then, the load with respect to the +B voltage increases. As a result, the voltage value E

0

of the +B voltage tends to fluctuate so as to become small.

On that account, this fluctuation of voltage is taken out by a voltage detection part comprised of resistors

117

and

118

and is error-amplified by a control circuit

119

. Thereafter, the resulting voltage is sent to the oscillation drive circuit

104

for controlling and driving the frequency of the switching circuit part

105

, via the photo-coupler

120

for performing the insulation of the constant-voltage control system. And, the operating frequency of the drive pulse output from the oscillation drive circuit

104

in correspondence with that voltage is so controlled as to become low. As a result, the switching frequency fsw of the switching circuit part

105

is decreased.

Here, in the above-described power source circuit, the switching frequency fsw of the switching circuit part

105

is set higher than the resonance frequency of the serial resonance circuit comprised of the resonance capacitor

106

, choke coil

107

, and primary winding La

1

of the insulated type converter transformer

108

. Accordingly, in case that the switching frequency fsw has been so controlled as to become low, this switching frequency fsw approaches to the resonance frequency f

0

of the serial resonance circuit in FIG.

12

. As a result, the excitation current flowing through the primary winding La

1

increases, whereby the conversion to constant voltage is achieved.

Conversely, assume that the brightness of the image displayed on the cathode ray tube decreases with the result that the high-voltage load fluctuates so as to decrease, or that the horizontal amplitude of the image displayed on the cathode ray tube fluctuates so as to become narrow. Then, the voltage value E

0

of the +B voltage fluctuates so as to become large. For this reason, in the same way as stated above, the control signal is sent to the oscillation drive circuit

104

through the photo-coupler

120

. Thereby, the operating frequency of the drive pulse output from the oscillation drive circuit

104

in correspondence with that resulting voltage is so controlled as to become high. As a result, the switching frequency fsw of the switching circuit part

105

is increased.

Accordingly, in case that the switching frequency fsw has been so controlled as to become high, the switching frequency fsw becomes separated from the resonance frequency f

0

of the serial resonance circuit in FIG.

12

. As a result, the excitation current flowing through the primary winding La

1

of the converter transformer

108

is suppressed, whereby the conversion to constant voltage is achieved. Also, at this time, regarding the other voltages (the voltage values of that are E

2

, E

3

, and E

4

) that are taken out from the secondary windings La

3

, La

4

, and La

5

of the same converter transformer

108

as well, the conversion to constant voltage is achieved, substantially, by so-called “cross-regulation”.

Furthermore, the +B voltage that has been obtained from the secondary winding La

2

of the converter transformer

108

in that way is supplied to the horizontal deflection circuit comprised of a horizontal oscillation drive circuit

122

, horizontal output circuit

123

, and horizontal deflection yoke

124

, via, for example, a horizontal amplitude pin-distortion correction circuit

121

. Also, the +B voltage that has been obtained from the secondary winding La

2

of the converter transformer

108

is also supplied as a power source of the high-voltage generation circuit constructed of a high-voltage oscillation drive circuit

125

, switching circuit part

126

, control circuit

127

, and high-voltage transformer

128

.

Next, an explanation will be given of the high-voltage generation circuit. In

FIG. 9

, the high-voltage generation circuit is constructed of a separately-excited type of current resonance type converter. And, the drain of a switching element Qa

3

is connected to the +B voltage and the source of a switching element Qa

4

is grounded so that the two switching elements Qa

3

and Qa

4

constituting the switching circuit part

126

may construct a half-bridge circuit. Also, between the source and the drain of the switching elements Qa

3

and Qa

4

there are respectively connected damper diodes Da

3

and Da

4

.

Further, to a point of connection between the source of the switching element Qa

3

and the drain of the switching element Qa

4

there are connected in series a resonance capacitor

129

, choke coil

130

, and high-voltage transformer

128

such as a flyback transformer (FBT). And, to the switching elements Qa

3

and Qa

4

there are supplied from the high-voltage oscillation drive circuit

125

rectangular drive pulses that have different polarities and that are intended to alternately make these switching elements “on” and “off” in units of a half period.

Namely, the switching operation of the high-voltage generation circuit that has the above-described construction is performed as follows. First, when a power source is supplied from the +B voltage to the high-voltage oscillation drive circuit

125

by way of the resistor

131

whereby the +B voltage is supplied to this high-voltage generation circuit, a positive drive pulse is supplied from the high-voltage oscillation drive circuit

125

to the switching element Qa

3

. Resultantly, the switching element Qa

3

becomes “on”. And, via the switching element Qa

3

, a positive resonance current is supplied to the resonance capacitor

129

and to a primary winding Lb

0

of the high-voltage transformer

128

.

Next, a negative drive pulse is supplied to the switching element Qa

3

and, conversely to this, a positive drive pulse is supplied to the switching element Qa

4

. Resultantly, the switching element Qa

3

immediately becomes “off” and the switching element Qa

4

becomes “on”. Resultantly, via the switching element Qa

4

, a negative resonance current is supplied to the resonance capacitor

129

and to the primary winding Lb

0

of the high-voltage transformer

128

. By this operation being repeatedly performed, the serial resonance current excites the high-voltage transformer

128

. Thereby, alternating output voltages are taken out from high-voltage windings Lbl to Lb

9

that have been made on a secondary side of the high-voltage transformer

128

.

Further, for performing full-wave rectification with respect to the positive and negative alternating voltages, regarding the windings Lb

1

to Lb

9

, the windings Lb

6

to Lb

9

and diodes Db

6

to Db

9

are connected in series to each other. And, the windings Lb

1

to Lb

4

have diodes Da

1

to Db

5

respectively connected in series thereto so as to have an opposite polarity to that of the windings Lb

6

to Lb

9

. Thereafter, the both groups of winding are connected to each other. Also, to this portion of connection there is connected the winding Lb

5

one end of that is made open. And, equivalently providing a smoothing capacitor, the rectified voltages obtained from the windings Lb

1

to Lb

4

and those obtained from the windings Lb

6

to Lb

9

are serially accumulated up. It is thereby arranged that a high-voltage output voltage EHT be obtained through the use of an output capacitor

132

.

And, the conversion to constant voltage of the high-voltage output voltage EHT obtained from the high-voltage windings Lb

1

to Lb

9

is performed in the same way as in the case of the equivalent circuit of

FIG. 10

for example as follows. Namely, in this high-voltage generation circuit, under the assumption that f

01

represents the resonance frequency of a serial resonance circuit constructed of the serial resonance capacitor

129

, choke coil

130

, and primary winding Lb

0

of the high-voltage transformer

128

, the following setting is done beforehand. Namely, the switching frequency fsw

1

of a switching circuit constructed of the half-bridge converter is set higher than the resonance frequency f

01

.

On this account, assuming that the brightness of the image displayed on, for example, a cathode ray tube increases with the result that the high-voltage load fluctuates so as to increase, the high-voltage output voltage EHT fluctuates so as to decrease. This voltage fluctuation is taken out by a voltage detection circuit constructed of resistors

133

and

134

. And a control signal obtained through the operation of the control circuit

127

is sent to the high-voltage oscillation drive circuit

125

. Thereby, the operating frequency of the drive pulse that is output from the high-voltage oscillation drive circuit

125

in correspondence with that resulting voltage is so controlled as to become low. As a result, assuming that fsw

1

represents the switching frequency of the switching elements Qa

3

and Qa

4

, this switching frequency fsw

1

decreases.

Conversely, assuming that the brightness of the image displayed on the cathode ray tube decreases with the result that the high-voltage load fluctuates so as to decrease, the high-voltage output voltage EHT fluctuates so as to increase. This voltage fluctuation is taken out by the voltage detection circuit constructed of the resistors

133

and

134

. And a control signal obtained through the operation of the control circuit

127

is sent to the oscillation drive circuit

125

. Thereby, the operating frequency of the drive pulse that is output from the high-voltage oscillation drive circuit

125

in correspondence with that resulting voltage is so controlled as to become high. As a result, the switching frequency fsw

1

of the switching elements Qa

3

and Qa

4

increases.

Accordingly, in the setting of the previously stated high-voltage generation circuit, when the brightness of the image displayed on the cathode ray tube increases and in consequence the high-voltage load increases, the high-voltage output voltage EHT fluctuates so as to become low. For this reason, the switching frequency fsw

1

is so controlled as to become low. However, at this time, the switching frequency fsw

1

approaches the resonance frequency f

01

of the serial resonance circuit. Resultantly, the excitation current flowing through the primary winding Lb

0

increases, whereby the conversion to constant voltage is achieved.

Conversely, when the brightness of the image displayed on the cathode ray tube decreases and in consequence the high-voltage load fluctuates so as to decrease, the high-voltage output voltage EHT fluctuates so as to increase. For this reason, the switching frequency fsw

1

is so controlled as to become high, with the result that the switching frequency fsw

1

goes away from the resonance frequency f

01

of the serial resonance circuit. Resultantly, the excitation current flowing through the primary winding Lb

0

is suppressed with the result that the conversion to constant voltage is achieved.

Further, the high-voltage transformer

128

has provided therein a secondary winding Lc

1

for obtaining a voltage E

1

used as the detection voltage for use for a protection circuit in addition to the primary winding Lb

0

, to which the excitation current is supplied, and the high-voltage windings Lb

1

to Lb

9

for obtaining the high-level output voltage EHT for supplying an anode voltage to the cathode ray tube, as the secondary winding. And, the alternating output voltage taken out from the secondary winding Lc

1

of this high-voltage transformer

128

is supplied to the smoothing capacitor

135

through the rectification diode Dc

1

. Thereby, the voltage E

1

, which is used as the detection voltage for use for the protection circuit, is taken out.

Further, in

FIG. 13

, illustration is made, as a block diagram, of the entire construction of the above-described conventional apparatus that includes the insulated-type switching power source circuit, horizontal deflection circuit, and high-voltage generation circuit. In this

FIG. 13

, the commercially available alternating power source is rectified in an AC rectification/smoothing circuit

301

. Using the rectified current obtained by that rectification as the charging current, a rectified/smoothed voltage is obtained across the ends of the smoothing capacitor. This rectified/smoothed voltage is used as the operating power source. And, a converter circuit

303

is made to perform the switching operation with the use of a drive pulse obtained from an oscillation drive circuit

302

. A converter transformer

304

is thereby excited and, from this converter transformer

304

, an output voltage is taken out.

Using the thus-taken-out output voltage, a horizontal output circuit

306

is made to perform the switching operation with the use of a drive pulse obtained from the horizontal oscillation drive circuit

305

. Thereby, a deflection current is supplied to a horizontal deflection yoke

307

. Along with this, an output voltage from the converter transformer

304

is supplied to a control circuit

308

, and a control signal from this control circuit

308

is supplied to the oscillation drive circuit

302

. By doing so, the output voltage from the converter transformer

304

is stabilized.

Also, using an output voltage that is taken out from the converter transformer

304

, a high-voltage output circuit

310

is made to perform the switching operation with the use of a drive pulse obtained from a high-voltage oscillation drive circuit

309

. Thereby, a high-voltage transformer

311

is excited to cause the generation of a high voltage from this high-voltage transformer

311

. Thereby, a high voltage is supplied to the anode of a cathode ray tube

312

. Along with this, the output voltage of the high-voltage transformer

311

is supplied to a control circuit

313

, a control signal from that is supplied to the high-voltage oscillation drive circuit

309

. Thereby, the output voltage from the high-voltage transformer

311

is stabilized.

In this way, the +B voltage and the high-voltage and further other voltages are formed. However, in the above-described conventional switching power source apparatus, there are problematic points to be improved from the economical point of view as well as from the viewpoint of the effective utilization of the energy resources. Namely, a first problematic point is the loss of electric power in the switching circuit part and a second problematic point is the efficiency of conversion in the switching converter output transformer. These two problematic points will hereafter be explained.

Namely, this switching power source apparatus, as a first problem, has a circuit construction that is equipped with power source circuit parts having the function of providing a plurality of constant-level output voltages. In addition, the circuit construction is equipped with a separate high-voltage generation circuit part for obtaining a highly precise high-voltage load characteristic. For this reason, it is unavoidable that the switching circuit part is made up into a two-system construction. Here, separately providing the high-voltage generation circuit in such a way is surely very advantageous in terms of the characteristics. However, resultantly, there results the drawback that the circuit construction becomes complex and the problem that the loss of electric power of the switching circuit part increases.

Also, this switching power source apparatus, as a second problem, is equipped, in its power source circuit part, with an insulated type converter transformer for insulating it from the grounding earth. And it is also equipped, in its high-voltage generation circuit part, with a non-insulated type high-voltage transformer such as a flyback transformer. For this reason, the output converter transformer cannot but be made up into a construction of its being doubly equipped. Resultantly, in a construction wherein a high-level output voltage is taken out using switching means for performing the switching operation with the rectified/smoothed voltage obtained from a commercially available alternating power source being used as the operating power source, the direct current to direct current conversion efficiency becomes inferior. Resultantly, this apparatus has a point of problem in achieving the saving of the power.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention of this application has been made in view of the above-described problems, and the points of problem to be solved are that, in the above-described conventional switching power source apparatus, first, there was the problem of the power loss of the switching circuit part and, second, there was the problem of the conversion efficiency of the switching converter output transformer part.

For the above-described reasons, in the present invention, it is arranged to adopt means for decreasing the loss of electric power of the switching power source part and improving the conversion efficiency. In other words, it is arranged to adopt control means that causes the operation of the switching output circuit for performing its switching operation with a small loss of power, and that is connected to the switching output circuit for performing its switching operation to thereby perform the switching frequency control and the inductance control able to be performed with a small loss of power. According to this construction, it is possible to provide a switching power source apparatus that can be put to practical use.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1

is a constructional view illustrating a first embodiment of a switching power source apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 2

is a view taken for explaining a main part thereof;

FIG. 3

is a block diagram illustrating the entire construction thereof;

FIG. 4

is a constructional view illustrating a second embodiment of the switching power source apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 5

is a constructional view illustrating a third embodiment of the switching power source apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 6

is a view taken for explaining a main part thereof;

FIG. 7

is a constructional view illustrating a fourth embodiment of the switching power source apparatus according to the present invention;

FIGS. 8A and 8B

are views taken for explaining a construction thereof;

FIG. 9

is a constructional view illustrating a conventional switching power source apparatus;

FIGS. 10A

to

10

C are views taken for explaining an operation thereof;

FIGS. 11A

to

11

C are waveform views taken for explanation thereof;

FIG. 12

is a characteristic view taken for explanation thereof; and

FIG. 13

is a block diagram illustrating an entire construction of the conventional apparatus.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The switching power source apparatus of the invention is equipped with switching means for performing the switching operation by using a direct current voltage as its operating power source, oscillation drive means that is connected to the switching means to thereby make the switching operation performed with a given value of frequency, a primary winding that is driven by the switching operation of the switching means under resonance state, first control means that controls the oscillation frequency of the oscillation drive means by the use of a control signal obtained from the output of a first rectification circuit that is connected to a first secondary winding with respect to the primary winding, a saturable reactor that is connected to a second secondary winding with respect to the primary winding, and second control means for controlling the inductance of the saturable reactor by the use of a control signal obtained from the output of a second rectification circuit connected to the saturable reactor.

Also, the switching power source apparatus of the invention is equipped with switching means for performing the switching operation by using a direct current voltage as its operating power source, oscillation drive means that is connected to the switching means to thereby make the switching operation performed with a given value of frequency, a first primary winding that is resonance driven by the switching operation of the switching means to constitute a first converter transformer, first control means that controls the oscillation frequency of the oscillation drive means by the use of a control signal obtained from the output of a first rectification circuit that is connected to a first secondary winding with respect to the first primary winding, a second primary winding that is provided in parallel with the first primary winding to constitute a second converter transformer, a saturable reactor that is connected in series with a second primary winding, and second control means for controlling the inductance of the saturable reactor by the use of a control signal obtained from the output of a second rectification circuit connected to a second secondary winding with respect to the second primary winding.

The invention will now be explained with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1

is a block diagram illustrating the construction of a first embodiment of the switching power source apparatus to that the invention is applied.

In

FIG. 1

, a commercially available alternating power source (AC)

10

is connected to a smoothing capacitor

12

through a diode bridge rectification circuit

11

. A negative-polarity end of the capacitor

12

is grounded and a positive-polarity end thereof is connected to an oscillation drive circuit

14

through a resistor

13

. Simultaneously, the positive-polarity end of the capacitor

12

is grounded through a switching circuit part

15

consisting of, for example, a serial circuit comprised of switching elements Q

1

and Q

2

such as a power MOS-FET transistor. And, these switching elements Q

1

and Q

2

are driven so as to become alternately conductive at a prescribed frequency by the oscillation drive circuit

14

.

Further, this switching circuit part

15

constitutes a half-bridge circuit. The positive-polarity end of the capacitor

12

is connected to the drain of the switching element Q

1

and the source of the switching element Q

2

is grounded. Also, to the switching elements Q

1

and Q

2

there are respectively connected in parallel damper diodes D

1

and D

2

. And a point of connection between the source of the switching element Q

1

and the drain of the switching element Q

2

is grounded through a resonance capacitor

16

, choke coil

17

, and primary winding L

1

of a converter transformer

18

.

As a result of this, into the primary winding L

1

of the converter transformer

18

there is made to flow a resonance current the polarity of that is inverted according to the oscillation frequency of the oscillation drive circuit

14

. Thereby, a so-called “separately-excited type” of current resonance type of converter power source circuit is constructed. The switching operation of the power source circuit as constructed above is as follows. First, upon closure of the commercially available alternating power source

10

, a positive drive pulse is supplied to the switching element Q

1

from the oscillation drive circuit

14

and is thereby made “on”. Then, a positive resonance current is supplied to the resonance capacitor

16

, choke coil

17

, and primary winding L

1

made on a primary side of the converter transformer

18

via the switching element Q

1

.

Next, a negative drive pulse is supplied to the switching element Q

1

and, conversely thereto, a positive drive pulse is supplied to the switching element Q

2

. Thereby, the switching element Q

1

is immediately made “off” and the switching element Q

2

is made “on”. As a result of this, a negative-polarity resonance current is supplied to the resonance capacitor

16

, choke coil

17

, and primary winding L

1

of the converter transformer

18

via the switching element Q

2

. This operation is repeatedly performed. Thereby, the converter transformer

18

is excited by the serial resonance current, with the result that an alternating output voltage is taken out from each of the respective windings made on the secondary side of the transformer

18

.

Further, the converter transformer

18

is made up into an insulated type construction. And, on the primary side thereof, as stated previously, there is provided the primary winding L

1

to that the excitation current is supplied. On a secondary side of the converter transformer

18

, there are provided a secondary winding L

2

for obtaining a +B voltage that is used mainly as the power source voltage of a horizontal deflection circuit, secondary windings L

3

to L

5

for obtaining the other voltages (the voltage values E

2

to E

4

), high-voltage windings L

6

to L

14

, serving as secondary windings, that have provided therein rectification circuits intended to obtain a high-voltage output voltage EHT for supply of an anode voltage of the cathode ray tube, and a secondary winding L

15

for obtaining a voltage E

1

used as a detection voltage for use for a protection circuit.

Here, for performing full-wave rectification with respect to the positive and negative alternating voltages, the high-voltage windings L

6

to L

14

are constructed as follows. The windings L

11

to L

14

and diodes D

11

to D

14

are connected in series to one another while the windings L

6

to L

9

and diodes D

6

to D

10

are connected in series to one another so that the windings L

6

to L

9

may have an opposite polarity to that of the windings L

11

to L

14

. Thereafter, the both groups of winding are connected to each other. Also, to this point of connection there is connected a winding L

10

one end of that is made open. Thereby, equivalently providing a smoothing capacitor, the rectified voltages obtained from the windings L

6

to L

9

and the windings L

11

to L

14

are serially accumulated up to thereby obtain the high-voltage output voltage EHT via the output capacitor

19

.

The conversion to constant voltage of the high-level output voltage EHT obtained from those high-voltage windings is performed as follows. Assume, for example, that the input voltage value of the commercially available alternating power source

10

has decreased, or that the brightness of the image displayed on the cathode ray tube has increased and resultantly the high-voltage load has fluctuated so as to increase. In this case, the high-level output voltage EHT fluctuates so as to decrease. Thereupon, this fluctuation of voltage is taken out by a voltage detection circuit constructed of resistors

20

and

21

. Then, a control signal obtained from a control circuit

22

is supplied to the oscillation drive circuit

14

through a photo-coupler

23

for insulating the conversion-to-constant-voltage system.

Control is so performed that the operating frequency of the drive pulse output from the oscillation drive circuit

14

may decrease, in correspondence with that control signal. Resultantly, under the assumption that fsw

2

represents the switching frequency of the switching elements Q

1

, Q

2

constituting the switching circuit part

15

, this switching frequency fsw

2

decreases. Here, in the above-described circuit, the following setting is made beforehand. Namely, the switching frequency fsw

2

of the switching circuit part

15

constructed of a half-bridge type converter is set higher than the resonance frequency of the serial resonance circuit constructed of the resonance capacitor

16

, choke coil

17

, and primary winding L

1

of the converter transformer

18

.

For this reason, in the above-described case, when the brightness of the image displayed on the cathode ray tube increases and resultantly the high-voltage load increases, the high-level output voltage EHT fluctuates so as to decrease. Resultantly, control is so performed that the switching frequency fsw

2

may decrease. However, assuming that f

02

represents the resonance frequency of the serial resonance circuit, at that time, it results that the switching frequency fsw

2

approaches to this resonance frequency f

02

. Resultantly, the excitation current flowing through the primary winding L

1

of the converter transformer

18

increases with the result that the conversion to constant voltage of the high-level output voltage EHT obtained from the high-voltage windings is achieved.

Conversely, assume that the commercially available alternating input voltage has increased, or that the brightness of the image displayed on the cathode ray tube has decreased and resultantly the high-voltage load has fluctuated so as to decrease. In this case, the high-level output voltage EHT fluctuates so as to increase. And, the control signal resulting from this fluctuation of voltage is sent to the oscillation drive circuit

14

through the photo-coupler

23

as stated above. And, control is so performed that the operating frequency of the drive pulse output from the oscillation drive circuit

14

may increase, in correspondence with the fluctuated voltage. Resultantly, the switching frequency fsw

2

of the switching elements Q

1

, Q

2

increases.

Namely, in case that the brightness of the image displayed on the cathode ray tube has decreased and resultantly the high-voltage load has fluctuated so as to decrease, the high-level output voltage EHT fluctuates so as to increase. Therefore, control is so performed that the switching frequency fsw

2

may increase, with the result that the switching frequency fsw

2

goes away from the resonance frequency f

02

of the serial resonance circuit. As a result, the excitation current flowing through the primary winding L

1

of the converter transformer

18

is suppressed. Thereby, the conversion to constant voltage of the high-level output voltage EHT obtained from the high-voltage windings is achieved.

Further, to the secondary windings L

2

, L

3

, L

4

, and L

5

there are connected rectification circuits (diodes)

24

,

25

,

26

, and

27

for taking out the direct current voltage from their respective alternating output voltages and smoothing circuits (capacitors)

28

,

29

,

30

, and

31

. In this way, from the secondary windings L

2

, L

3

, L

4

, and L

5

of the converter transformer

18

there are taken out the so-called +B voltage (the voltage value E

0

) becoming the power source voltage of the horizontal deflection circuit or high-voltage generation circuit and the other voltages (the voltage values E

2

, E

3

, and E

4

) used as the power source voltages of the respective signal-operation circuits, respectively.

The conversion to constant voltage of the +B voltage (the voltage value E

0

) that is taken out from the secondary winding L

2

of the converter transformer

18

is performed as follows. Namely, to the secondary winding L

2

of the converter transformer

18

there is connected in series a saturable reactor

32

as means for performing the conversion to constant voltage control. And, there is adopted a method of controlling the +B voltage taken out from the secondary winding L

2

by controlling the inductance of this saturable reactor

32

.

To this end, the saturable reactor

32

is constructed of an orthogonal-crossing type saturable reactor having a control winding NC and a controlled winding NR, such as that illustrated in FIG.

2

. And, the controlled winding NR of the saturable reactor

32

is connected in series to the secondary winding L

2

of the converter transformer

18

while a control current, which corresponds to the control signal obtained by detection of the fluctuation of the +B voltage, is caused to flow into the control winding NC. Thereby, the inductance of the controlled winding NR connected in series to the secondary winding L

2

is controlled.

Namely, in case that in

FIG. 1

the output voltage E

0

has, for example, increased, this output voltage E

0

is detected by detection resistors

33

,

34

. Then, when the detected voltage more increases than a reference voltage

35

, the output of an inversion comparison amplifier

36

decreases with the result that the collector current of a control transistor

37

decreases. This collector current acts as the control current to thereby control the inductance of the controlled winding NR of the saturable reactor

32

. In this case, the collector current acts so that the inductance of the controlled winding NR may be increased. Resultantly, the output voltage E

0

is suppressed by such control of the inductance.

Conversely, in case that the output voltage E

0

has decreased, the detected voltage of this output voltage E

0

more decreases than the reference voltage

35

. Therefore, the output of the inversion comparison amplifier

36

increases. As a result of this, the collector current of the control transistor

37

increases. This collector current acts as the control current to thereby control the inductance of the controlled winding NR of the saturable reactor

32

. In this case, the collector current acts so that the inductance of the controlled winding NR may be decreased. Resultantly, the output voltage E

0

is increased through such control of the inductance. Thereby, the conversion to constant voltage of the +B voltage taken out from the secondary winding L

2

is achieved.

In this way, the conversion to constant voltage of the high-level output voltage EHT and the +B voltage (the voltage value E

0

) is performed. Also, at this time, the other voltages (the voltage values E

2

, E

3

, and E

4

) taken out from the secondary windings L

3

, L

4

, and L

5

of the converter transformer

18

are also similarly subjected substantially to conversion to the constant voltage by the so-called “cross-regulation”. Further, the alternating output voltage taken out from the secondary winding L

15

of the converter transformer

18

is supplied to the smoothing capacitor

38

through the rectification diode D

15

. Thereby, the voltage E

1

that is used as the detection voltage for the protection circuit is taken out.

Further, in

FIG. 3

, illustration is made, as a block diagram, of the construction of the entire switching power source apparatus that includes the above-described insulated type switching power source circuit, horizontal deflection circuit, and high-voltage generation circuit. In this

FIG. 3

, a rectified current is obtained by rectifying the commercially available alternating power source with the use of an AC rectification/smoothing circuit

401

. Using this rectified current as the charging current, a rectified and smoothed voltage is obtained across the smoothing capacitor. Using this rectified and smoothed voltage as the operating power source, and using a drive pulse obtained from an oscillation drive circuit

402

, a converter circuit

403

performs its switching operation to thereby excite a converter transformer

404

.

As a result of this, the high-level output voltage EHT, +B voltage, and other output voltages are taken out from the converter transformer

404

. And, the high voltage that has been generated from the converter transformer

404

is supplied to the anode of a cathode ray tube

405

and also supplied to a control circuit

406

. Thereby, a control signal from this control circuit

406

is supplied to the oscillation drive circuit

402

, whereby the high-level output voltage EHT from the converter transformer

404

is stabilized.

Further, the output voltage from the converter transformer

404

is supplied to a control circuit

407

including the above-described saturable reactor

32

, whereby a control signal from this control circuit

407

is supplied to the converter transformer

404

. Thereby, the output voltage therefrom is stabilized. Using the thus-stabilized output voltage, and using a drive pulse obtained from a horizontal oscillation drive circuit

408

, a horizontal output circuit

409

performs its switching operation. Resultantly, a deflection current is supplied to a horizontal deflection yoke

410

.

Accordingly, in this switching power source apparatus, it is arranged to adopt means for decreasing the loss of power of the switching power source part and improving the conversion efficiency. In other words, it is arranged to adopt control means that causes the switching output circuit performing its switching to operate with a small loss of power, and that is connected to the switching output circuit performing its switching operation to thereby perform the switching frequency control and the inductance control able to be performed with a. small loss of power. According to this construction, it is possible to provide a switching power source apparatus that can be put to practical use.

As a result of this, while the conventional switching power source apparatus has, as a first drawback, the problem of the loss of electric power in the switching circuit part and, as a second drawback, the problem of the conversion efficiency in the switching converter output transformer part, the invention enables easily solving these problems.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG.

4

. It is to be noted that, in this second embodiment, the converter transformer is constructed of a plurality of insulated type converter transformers.

Namely, in

FIG. 4

, converter transformers

18

a

,

18

b

each constitute part of the above-described converter transformer

18

illustrated in FIG.

1

. And, a first converter transformer

18

a

is constructed of a primary winding L

1

a,

to which the excitation current is supplied, high-voltage windings L

6

to L

14

that are made as secondary windings and intended to obtain a high-level output voltage EHT for supplying, for example, an anode voltage to a cathode ray tube, and a secondary winding L

15

for obtaining a voltage E

1

that is used as a detection voltage for use for the protection circuit.

Also, a second converter transformer

18

b

is constructed of a primary winding L

1

b,

to which the excitation current is supplied, and secondary windings L

2

, L

3

, L

4

, and L

5

mainly for obtaining a +B voltage (the voltage value E

0

) used as a power source voltage of the horizontal deflection circuit and the other voltages (the voltage values E

2

, E

3

, and E

4

). In this embodiment, to the primary winding L

1

b

of the second converter transformer

18

b

is connected in series a saturable reactor

32

for performing its conversion-to-constant-voltage control. The remaining part is constructed as in the case of

FIG. 1

, and the portions corresponding to those of

FIG. 1

are denoted by the same reference numerals.

And, in this

FIG. 4

, one end of the resonance capacitor

16

is connected in series to the point of connection between the source of the switching element Q

1

and the drain of the switching element Q

2

so that the two switching elements Q

1

and Q

2

constituting the switching circuit part

15

may construct the half-bridge circuit. The other end of this resonance capacitor

16

has connected thereto via the choke coil

17

one end of the primary winding L

1

a

of the first converter transformer

18

a

, and the other end of which is connected to the earth.

Also, to the other end of the resonance capacitor

16

there is connected the saturable reactor

32

, to which there is connected one end of the primary winding L

1

b

of the second converter transformer

18

b

, the other end of which is grounded. As a result of this, the choke coil

17

and the primary winding L

1

a

of the first converter transformer

18

a

, and the saturable reactor

32

and the primary winding L

1

b

of the second converter transformer

18

b

form a parallel circuit.

On this account, the switching operation of the above-constructed power source circuit is performed as follows. First, upon closure of the commercially available alternating power source

10

, a positive drive pulse is supplied from the oscillation drive circuit

14

to the switching element Q

1

, thereby this switching element Q

1

becomes “on”. Resultantly, to the resonance capacitor

16

and the primary windings L

1

a

and L

1

b

of the first and second converter transformers

18

a

and

18

b

there is supplied via the switching element Q

1

a positive-polarity resonance current that corresponds to the inductance value of a composite inductor forming the serial resonance circuit.

Next, a negative drive pulse and a positive drive pulse are respectively supplied to the switching element Q

1

and the switching element Q

2

. Thereby, the switching element Q

1

is made “off” and the switching element Q

2

is made “on”. As a result, conversely to the above-described operation, a negative-polarity resonance current is supplied to the resonance capacitor

16

and the primary windings L

1

a

and L

1

b

of the first and second converter transformers

18

a

and

18

b

via the switching element Q

2

. Through the repeated performance of this operation, the output transformer is excited through the positive/negative-polarity resonance current. Thereby, alternating output voltages are taken out from the secondary windings of the first and second converter transformers

18

a

and

18

b.

And, in this apparatus, the conversion to constant voltage of the high-level output voltage EHT taken out from the secondary windings L

6

to L

14

of the first converter transformer

18

a

is performed as follows. Assume, for example, that the commercially available alternating voltage

10

has decreased, or that the brightness of the image displayed on the cathode ray tube has increased and resultantly the high-voltage load has fluctuated so as to increase. In this case, the high-level output voltage EHT fluctuates so as to decrease.

Thereupon, this fluctuation of voltage is taken out by a voltage detection circuit constructed of resistors

20

and

21

. Then, the control signal obtained from the control circuit

22

is supplied to the oscillation drive circuit

14

through the photo-coupler

23

for insulating the conversion-to-constant-voltage control system. Control is so performed that the operating frequency of the drive pulse output from the oscillation drive circuit

14

may decrease, in correspondence with this voltage. Resultantly, under the assumption that fsw

3

represents the switching frequency of the switching elements Q

1

, Q

2

, this switching frequency fsw

3

decreases.

Conversely, assume that the commercially available alternating input voltage

10

has increased, or that the brightness of the image displayed on the cathode ray tube has decreased and resultantly the high-voltage load has fluctuated so as to decrease. In this case, the high-level output voltage EHT fluctuates so as to increase. And, as stated previously, this fluctuation of voltage is sent to the oscillation drive circuit

14

through the photo-coupler

23

. And, control is so performed that the operating frequency of the drive pulse output from the oscillation drive circuit

14

may increase, in correspondence with the voltage. Resultantly, the switching frequency fsw

3

of the switching elements Q

1

, Q

2

increases.

Here, in the above-described power source circuit, the following setting is made beforehand. Namely, the switching frequency fsw

3

of the switching circuit part

15

constructed of a half-bridge type converter is set at all times higher than the resonance frequency f

03

of the resonance circuit constructed of the resonance capacitor

16

, choke coil

17

, and primary winding L

1

a

of the first converter transformer

18

a

, saturable reactor

32

, and primary winding L

1

b

of the second converter transformer

18

b.

For this reason, in this circuit, when the brightness of the image displayed on the cathode ray tube increases and resultantly the high-voltage load has fluctuated so as to increase, the high-level output voltage EHT fluctuates so as to decrease. Resultantly, control is so performed that the switching frequency fsw

3

may decrease. Resultantly, the switching frequency fsw

3

approaches to the resonance frequency f

03

of the serial resonance circuit. Resultantly, the excitation current flowing through the primary winding L

1

a

increases with the result that the conversion to constant voltage is achieved.

Conversely, assume that the brightness of the image displayed on the cathode ray tube has decreased and resultantly the high-voltage load has fluctuated so as to decrease. Then, the high-level output voltage EHT fluctuates so as to increase. Therefore, control is so performed that the switching frequency fsw

3

may increase, with the result that the switching frequency fsw

3

goes away from the resonance frequency f

03

of the serial resonance circuit. Resultantly, the excitation current flowing through the primary winding L

1

a

is suppressed, thereby the conversion to constant voltage is achieved.

In contrast to this, the conversion to constant voltage of the output voltage E

0

taken out from the secondary winding L

2

of the secondary converter transformer

18

b

is performed as follows. Namely, the second converter transformer

18

b

is constructed of the primary winding L

1

b

to that the excitation current is supplied, the secondary winding L

2

for obtaining the +B voltage used as the power source voltage of, for example, the horizontal deflection circuit, and the secondary windings L

3

, L

4

, and L

5

for obtaining the other voltages. On the other hand, to the primary winding L

1

b

of the second converter transformer

18

b

there is connected the saturable reactor

32

for performing its conversion-to-constant-voltage control.

Here, the saturable reactor

32

is constructed of the control winding NC and the controlled winding NR. The saturable reactor

32

is constructed into such an insulated form wherein the control winding NC is made at a sufficient spatial distance from the controlled winding NR. And, to the primary winding L

1

b

of the second converter transformer

18

b

there is connected in series this controlled winding NR. Into the control winding NC there is made to flow the control current that is in corresponding relationship to the control signal and depends upon the fluctuation of the output voltage E

0

taken out from the secondary winding L

2

. As a result of this, control is performed of the inductance of the controlled winding NR.

And, in this apparatus, the output voltage E

0

taken out from the secondary winding L

2

is subjected to conversion to the constant voltage through the performance of the following operation. Namely, in case that the output voltage E

0

has, for example, increased, this output voltage E

0

is detected by the detection resistors

33

,

34

. Then, when the detected voltage more increases than the reference voltage

35

, the output of the inversion comparison amplifier

36

decreases with the result that the collector current of the control transistor

37

decreases. This collector current acts as the control current to thereby control the inductance of the controlled winding NR of the saturable reactor

32

. In this case, the collector current acts so that the inductance of the controlled winding NR may be increased.

Resultantly, through the control of the inductance, the excitation current flowing through the primary winding L

1

b

of the second converter transformer

18

b

is suppressed. Thereby, the output voltage E

0

is converted to a constant voltage. Namely, in this case, when the output voltage E

0

increases, the output of the inversion comparison amplifier

36

decreases with the result that the collector current of the control transistor

37

decreases. Thereby, the inductance of the controlled winding NR of the saturable reactor

32

increases. Resultantly, the excitation current flowing through the primary winding L

1

b

of the second converter transformer

18

b

is suppressed through the control of the inductance. After all, the output voltage E

0

is converted to a constant voltage.

Conversely, in case that the output voltage E

0

has decreased, the detected voltage that is detected by the resistors

33

,

34

more decreases than the reference voltage

35

. Therefore, the output of the inversion comparison amplifier

36

increases. As a result of this, the collector current of the control transistor

37

increases. Thereupon, this collector current acts to control the inductance of the controlled winding NR of the saturable reactor

32

so as to decrease this inductance. As a result, the excitation current flowing through the primary winding L

1

b

of the second converter transformer

18

b

is increased through the control of the inductance. Thereby, the conversion to constant voltage of the output voltage E

0

is achieved. It is to be noted that the remaining operation is performed in the same way as in the above-described first embodiment.

Accordingly, in this apparatus, also, it is arranged to adopt means for decreasing the loss of power of the switching power source part and improving the conversion efficiency. In other words, it is arranged to adopt control means that causes the operation of the switching output circuit for performing its switching operation with a small loss of power, and that is connected to the switching output circuit for performing its switching operation to thereby perform the switching frequency control and the inductance control able to be performed with a small loss of power. According to this construction, it is possible to provide a switching power source apparatus that can be put to practical use.

As a result of this, while the conventional switching power source apparatus has, as a first drawback, the problem of the loss of power in the switching circuit part and, as a second drawback, the problem of the conversion efficiency in the switching converter output transformer part, the invention enables easily solving these problems.

Further, a third embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG.

5

. It is to be noted that, in this embodiment, the oscillation drive circuit part is made up into a self-excited type construction.

Namely, in

FIG. 5

, the switching circuit part

15

is constructed using, for example, a bipolar transistor arrangement of transistors Qx

1

and Qx

2

. To the point of connection between the emitter of the transistor Qx

1

and the collector of the transistor Qx

2

there is connected the resonance capacitor

16

. Further, an excitation winding ND of a drive transformer

40

as later described, the choke coil

17

, and the primary winding L

1

of the converter transformer

18

are connected in series to one another. Thereby, a self-excited type current resonance converter having the half-bridge type serial resonance circuit is formed.

On the other hand, in this embodiment, there is provided the drive transformer

40

for driving the bipolar transistors Qx

1

and Qx

2

constituting the switching circuit part

15

. Here, in the drive transformer

40

, there is used, for example, an orthogonal-crossing type saturable reactor, which is constructed, as illustrated in, for example,

FIG. 6

, of drive windings NB

1

, NB

2

and excitation winding ND and a control winding NC performing the control of the inductance of these windings, and these windings are being wound around the orthogonal-crossing type saturable reactor. It is to be noted that this drive transformer

40

is not limited to such an orthogonal-crossing type saturable reactor but may be constructed of a so-called “EI type”, for example.

To one end of one drive winding NB

1

of the drive transformer

40

there are connected a resistor

41

and a resonance capacitor

42

so as to form a serial resonance circuit. And the drive transformer

40

is connected to the base of the transistor Qx

1

constituting the switching circuit part

15

through this serial resonance circuit. Also, the other end of the drive winding NBl is connected to the emitter of the transistor Qx

1

. Further, between the base and emitter of the transistor Qx

1

, there is provided a diode

43

for use as a damper.

Also, the other drive winding NB

2

of the drive transformer

40

is provided so as to become opposite in polarity to the drive winding NB

1

. To one end of this drive winding NB

2

there are connected a resistor

44

and a resonance capacitor

45

so as to form a serial resonance circuit. And through this serial resonance circuit the one end of this drive winding NB

2

is connected to the base of the transistor Qx

2

constituting the switching circuit part

15

. The other end is connected to the earth. Further, between the base and emitter of the transistor Qx

2

, there is provided a diode

46

for use as a damper.

As a result of this, according to the outputs of the drive windings NB

1

, NB

2

of the drive transformer

40

, there are driven the transistors Qx

1

, Qx

2

constituting the switching circuit part

15

. By the switching frequency fsw

4

as later described for driving the transistors Qx

1

and Qx

2

being subjected to variable control, the output voltage obtained through the inverter transformer

18

of a succeeding stage is subjected to conversion-to-constant voltage control. Namely, a self-excited type frequency control circuit is constructed so as to perform this conversion to constant voltage control.

Thereupon, the switching operation of the current resonance type power source circuit according to the above-described construction is performed as follows. First, upon closure of the commercially available alternating power source

10

, a starting current is supplied to the base of the transistor Qx

1

through a resistor

47

for effecting a starting. Assume here that the transistor Qx

1

has become “on”. Then, using the rectified output voltage from the capacitor

12

as a direct current power source, through the transistor Qx

1

, a positive-polarity resonance current flows through the resonance capacitor

16

, drive winding ND, choke coil

17

, and primary winding L

1

of the converter transformer

18

.

Further, when this resonance current becomes zero, a positive pulse is generated in the drive winding NB

2

of the drive transformer

40

so as to make the transistor Qx

2

“on”. Conversely, a negative pulse is generated in the drive winding NB

1

of the drive transformer

40

so as to make the transistor Qx

1

“off”. Resultantly, the transistor Qx

1

immediately becomes “off” and the transistor Qx

2

becomes “on”. As a result, through the transistor Qx

2

, a negative-polarity resonance current flows through the resonance capacitor

16

, drive winding ND, choke coil

17

, and primary winding L

1

of the converter transformer

18

.

In this way, the transistors Qx

1

and Qx

2

constituting the switching circuit part

15

repeatedly alternately become “on” and “off” according to the switching frequency fsw

4

. Thereby, the positive/negative-polarity excitation currents are supplied to the primary winding L

1

of the converter transformer

18

. As a result of this, desired alternating outputs are taken out from the secondary side windings of the converter transformer

18

.

Here, the converter transformer

18

is constructed of the primary winding L

1

to that the above-described excitation current is supplied, the secondary winding L

20

for obtaining a high-level output voltage, and the secondary windings L

2

to L

5

and secondary winding L

15

for obtaining the other voltages. To the secondary winding L

2

there is connected the saturable reactor

32

that serves as means for performing the conversion-to-constant-voltage control of the same +B voltage E

0

as stated previously. Also, to the secondary winding L

20

there is connected a multi-time voltage-increasing rectification circuit such as a Cockcroft-Walton circuit that is constructed of diodes D

21

to D

28

and smoothing capacitors C

21

to C

28

. The relevant construction is so made as to obtain the high-level output voltage EHT.

And, in this apparatus, the conversion to constant voltage control of the high-level output voltage EHT is performed as follows. Namely, assume, for example, that the high-level output voltage EHT that has been taken out from the 8-time voltage-increasing Cockcroft-Walton circuit constructed of the secondary winding L

20

, diodes D

21

to D

28

, and smoothing capacitors C

21

to C

28

has fluctuated so as to increase. Then, this fluctuation of voltage is detected by the voltage detection circuit constructed of the resistors

20

and

21

. Thereafter, the collector current of the control transistor

48

is so controlled as to increase through the control signal obtained from the control circuit

22

.

Here, one end of the control winding NC of the above-described drive transformer

40

is connected to the collector of the transistor

48

while the other end thereof is connected to a voltage source

49

. Accordingly, this collector current acts as the control current to thereby control the control current flowing through the control winding NC of the drive transformer

40

that is constructed of the saturable reactor so as for this control current to increase. Thereby, the drive transformer

40

tends to get saturated and thereby acts to cause the decreases in the inductance of the drive windings NB

1

and NB

2

. As a result, the oscillation frequency of the self-excited oscillation circuit becomes high, with the result that the switching frequency fsw

4

is so controlled as to increase.

On the other hand, assuming that f

04

represents the resonance frequency that is formed by the above-described resonance capacitor

16

, choke coil

17

, and primary winding L

1

of the converter transformer

18

, because the switching frequency fsw

4

is set to within a range higher than the resonance frequency f

04

as in the case of the above-described circuit, the increase in the switching frequency results in that the switching frequency goes away from the resonance frequency fsw

4

. Thereby, the excitation current supplied to the primary winding L

1

is suppressed. Thereby, the conversion to constant voltage of the high-level output voltage EHT that is taken out from the secondary winding L

20

is achieved.

Further, the conversion to constant voltage of the output voltage E

0

taken out from the secondary winding L

2

of the converter transformer

18

is performed as follows. To the secondary winding L

2

there is connected the saturable reactor

32

for performing the conversion-to-constant-voltage control. This saturable reactor

32

is constructed of the control winding NC and the controlled winding NR. To the secondary winding L

2

there is connected in series the controlled winding NR. In this state, the control current corresponding to the control signal is made to flow into the control winding NC in corresponding relationship to the fluctuation of the output voltage E

0

. Thereby, the inductance of the controlled winding NR is controlled.

Namely, assume that the output voltage E

0

has fluctuated so as to increase for the reason that the load conditions of this output voltage E

0

change, etc. Then, as stated above, the control current flowing into the control winding NC is controlled so as to decrease through the control signal corresponding to the fluctuation of the voltage. As a result, the control current acts so that the inductance of the controlled winding NR of the saturable reactor

32

may increase. Thereby, the excitation current flowing through the primary winding L

2

of the converter transformer

18

is suppressed through the control of the inductance, whereby the conversion to constant voltage is achieved. It is to be noted that the remaining operations are performed in the same way as in the above-described first embodiment.

Accordingly, in this apparatus, also, it is arranged to adopt means for decreasing the loss of power of the switching power source part and improving the conversion efficiency. In other words, it is arranged to adopt control means that causes the operation of the switching output circuit for performing its switching operation with a small loss of power, and that is connected to the switching output circuit for performing the above-described switching operation to thereby perform the switching frequency control and the inductance control able to be performed with a small loss of power. According to this construction, it is possible to provide a switching power source apparatus that can be put to practical use.

As a result of this, while the conventional switching power source apparatus has, as a first drawback, the problem of the loss of power in the switching circuit part and, as a second drawback, the problem of the conversion efficiency in the switching converter output transformer part, the invention enables easily solving these problems.

Further, a fourth embodiment of the invention will now be explained with reference to FIG.

7

. It is to be noted that in this embodiment a parallel resonance circuit is constructed, thereby a circuit operation equivalent to that performed in each of the above-described embodiments is realized using a voltage resonance type switching converter circuit.

Namely, in

FIG. 7

, the switching circuit part

15

is constructed using one piece of switching element. And, a resonance capacitor

51

and a damper diode

52

are connected in parallel to the switching element of the switching circuit part

15

. The rectified output voltage of the commercially available alternating power source

10

is supplied to one end of the primary winding L

1

of the converter transformer

18

through the choke coil

17

. The other end of the primary winding L

1

of the converter transformer

18

is connected to the collector of the switching element of the switching circuit part

15

.

Further, through the resistor

13

, a power source voltage is supplied to the oscillation drive circuit

14

, and, from the oscillation drive circuit

14

, a drive pulse is sent to the base of the switching element of the switching circuit part

15

. Supplying this drive pulse performs the “on”/“off” control of the switching element of the switching circuit part

15

, with the result that a resonance voltage generates in the collector of the switching element of the switching circuit part

15

. Simultaneously, the resonance current is supplied to the primary winding L

1

of the converter transformer

18

. The rest is constructed in the same way as in the above-described embodiment of FIG.

5

.

And, in this apparatus, the conversion to constant voltage control of the output voltages is performed through the same operation as in the first embodiment illustrated in FIG.

1

. In this way, in this fourth embodiment, the parallel resonance circuit is constructed, thereby a circuit operation equivalent to that performed in each of the above-described embodiments can be realized using the voltage resonance type switching converter circuit.

Accordingly, in this apparatus, also, it is arranged to adopt means for decreasing the loss of power of the switching power source part and improving the conversion efficiency. In other words, it is arranged to adopt control means that causes the operation of the switching output circuit for performing its switching operation with a small loss of power, and that is connected to the switching output circuit for performing its switching operation to thereby perform the switching frequency control and the inductance control able to be performed with a small loss of power. According to this construction, it is possible to provide a switching power source apparatus that can be put to practical use.

As a result of this, while the conventional switching power source apparatus has, as a first drawback, the problem of the loss of power in the switching circuit part and, as a second drawback, the problem of the conversion efficiency in the switching converter output transformer part, the invention enables easily solving these problems.

As described above, according to the above-described switching power source apparatus, this apparatus is equipped with switching means for performing its switching operation using a direct current voltage as the operating power source, oscillation drive means that is connected to the switching means to thereby drive the switching operation at a given value of frequency, a primary winding that is resonance driven by the switching operation of the switching means, first control means that controls the oscillation frequency of the oscillation drive means by the use of a control signal obtained from a first rectification circuit output that is connected to a first secondary winding disposed with respect to the primary winding, a saturable reactor that is connected to a second secondary winding disposed with respect to the first winding, and second control means that controls the inductance of the saturable reactor by the use of a control signal obtained from a second rectification circuit output that is connected to the saturable reactor. As a result of this, it is possible to provide a switching power source apparatus that can be put to practical use by solving the problem of the loss of power in the switching circuit part and the problem of the conversion efficiency in the switching converter output transformer part.

Also, according to the above-described switching power source apparatus, this apparatus is equipped with switching means for performing its switching operation using a direct current voltage as the operating power source, oscillation drive means that is connected to the switching means to thereby drive the switching operation at a given value of frequency, a first primary winding that is resonance driven by the switching operation of the switching means to thereby construct a first converter transformer, first control means that controls the oscillation frequency of the oscillation drive means by the use of a control signal obtained from a first rectification circuit output that is connected to a first secondary winding disposed with respect to the first primary winding, a second primary winding that is provided in parallel with respect to the first primary winding to thereby construct a second converter transformer, a saturable reactor that is connected in series to the second primary winding, and second control means that controls the inductance of the saturable reactor by the use of a control signal obtained from a second rectification circuit output that is connected to a second secondary winding disposed with respect to the second primary winding. As a result of this, it is possible to provide a switching power source apparatus that can be put to practical use by solving the problem of the loss of power in the switching circuit part and the problem of the conversion efficiency in the switching converter output transformer part.

Incidentally, the present invention is not limited to the constructions of the above-described embodiments. The system of the resonance type converter may have a construction that has been suitably changed. Further, the high-voltage rectification circuit of the high-voltage generation circuit is not limited to the constructions of the above-described embodiments. The high-voltage rectification circuit may have a construction as that of a multi-time voltage-increasing circuit or may have a construction that has been suitably changed from the construction of a high-voltage rectifying system constructed of two or more divided secondary windings of the high-voltage transformer and two or more rectification diodes and capacitors, such as that illustrated in

FIG. 8A

or FIG.

8

B.

Also, According to the present invention, instead of the such an arrangement, that is, the converter transformer is made up into a non-insulated type one, and there is equipped the rectifying/smoothing means that generates a rectified and smoothed voltage using as its charging current the rectified current obtained by rectifying the commercially available alternating power source, there is obtained the same effect even when, there is made up a construction wherein there is provided means for supplying a direct current voltage from the outside to thereby provide switching means for performing its switching operation using this direct current voltage as the operating power source.

As has been explained above, according to the present invention, using a resonance type converter that enables the performance of the high-frequency switching operation and that has a feature in that the waveform of the switching output current and that of the switching output voltage are very smooth, thereby the switching noise and switching loss are small in magnitude, there is formed one system of converter output circuit. Using this converter output circuit, the conversion to constant voltage of the principal voltage is performed with the use of the frequency control means. Simultaneously, there is additionally provided the inductance control means that uses the saturable reactor and that has a feature in that the switching noise and switching loss are small in magnitude. And, using this inductance control means, the conversion to constant voltage control of the other principal voltages is realized. This enables the conversion to constant voltage of a plurality of the output voltages each with a large fluctuation in load, through the construction of the largely simplified switching circuit. The present invention provides the solving means that is very effective in that sense.

As a result of this, the following effect has been brought about. Namely, the high-voltage generation circuit the output voltage of that is high in level and largely fluctuates due to the fluctuation in the level of load and the power source circuit for supplying the other voltages are respectively simultaneously equipped with the frequency control means using the resonance type converter wherein the switching noise and switching loss are small in magnitude and the control means using the saturable reactor wherein the operation loss is small. Further, with a simplified circuit construction, the high-voltage generation circuit and the power source circuit for supplying the other voltages are operationally unified together. The invention has thereby enabled obtaining a high-voltage output directly from the converter transformer of the power source circuit part. As a result of this, the invention has a construction to achieve the direct current/direct current conversion, which was doubly performed in such a way as to obtain a high-voltage output from a high-voltage transformer using as the power source voltage the +B voltage that is obtained from the converter transformer and subjected to conversion to the constant voltage, through the direct current/direct current conversion that is once performed as stated above. The invention has thereby enabled greatly improving the conversion efficiency.

In this way, the present invention has the construction of the power source circuit that is equipped with the resonance type converter and the control-to-constant voltage saturable reactor to thereby integrate the insulated type constant-voltage power source circuit and the high-voltage generation circuit. Thereby, the switching power source apparatus of the present invention advantageously becomes low in noise and in cost, and becomes able to be made smaller in size and in weight through the high-frequency switching operation. In addition, through the simplification of the construction of the switching circuit and transformer, the invention has enabled greatly improving the conversion efficiency to thereby provide the advantage that the saving of the electric power needed for use in the product can be achieved.

Further, according to the invention as described above, it is arranged to adopt means for decreasing the loss of power of the switching power source part and improving the conversion efficiency. In other words, it is arranged to adopt control means that causes the operation of the switching output circuit for performing its switching operation with a small loss of power, and that is connected to the switching output circuit for performing its switching operation to thereby perform the switching frequency control and the inductance control able to be performed with a small loss of power. Thereby, it is advantageously possible to solve the problem of the loss of power in the switching circuit part and the problem of the conversion efficiency in the switching converter output transformer part and thereby provide a switching power source apparatus that can be put to practical use.

Also, according to the invention as described above, the primary winding and the first and second secondary windings are provided in a single converter transformer. Thereby, it is advantageously possible to solve the problem of the conversion efficiency in the switching circuit part and the problem of the conversion efficiency in the switching converter output transformer part and thereby provide a switching power source apparatus that can be put to practical use.

Also, according to the invention as described above, in the oscillation drive means, there is provided a separately-excited frequency control circuit. Thereby, it is advantageously possible to solve the problem of the loss of power in the switching circuit part and the problem of conversion efficiency in the switching converter output transformer part and thereby provide a switching power source apparatus that can be put to practical use.

Also, according to the invention as described above, the driving performed with switching of the switching means is performed by the resonance capacitor being connected in series to the primary winding so as to cause the switching means to perform its switching operation as a current resonance type. Thereby, it is advantageously possible to solve the problem of the loss of power in the switching circuit part and the problem of the conversion efficiency in the switching converter output transformer part and thereby provide a switching power source apparatus that can be put to practical use.

Also, according to the invention as described above, the first rectification circuit is made up as a multi-time voltage-increasing rectification circuit, and the first control means control the oscillation frequency of the oscillation drive means using a control signal obtained from an output of said multi-time voltage-increasing rectification circuit. Thereby, it is advantageously possible to solve the problem of the loss of power in the switching circuit part and the problem of the conversion efficiency in the switching converter output transformer part and thereby provide a switching power source apparatus that can be put to practical use.

Also, according to the invention as described above, as the operating power source there is used a power source that is obtained from a rectification/smoothing power source circuit for generating a rectified and smoothed voltage using as its charging current a rectified current obtained by rectifying a commercially available alternating power source, and/or, a direct current power source circuit having externally supplied thereto a direct current voltage. Thereby, it is advantageously possible to solve the problem of the loss of power in the switching circuit part and the problem of the conversion efficiency in the switching converter output transformer part and thereby provide a switching power source apparatus that can be put to practical use.

Resultantly, while the conventional switching power source apparatus had, as the first drawback, the problem of the loss of power in the switching circuit part and, as the second drawback, the problem of the conversion efficiency in the switching converter output transformer part, the present invention enables easily solving these problems.

Having described preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments and that various changes and modifications can be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

Number	Name	Date	Kind
4446405	Willis	May 1984
5216585	Yasumura	Jun 1993

Switching power source apparatus

Information

Patent Number

Date Filed

Date Issued

Inventors

Original Assignees

Examiners

Agents

CPC

US Classifications

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US

International Classifications

Abstract

Description

Claims

Priority Claims (1)

US Referenced Citations (2)

Foreign Referenced Citations (1)