Patent Application
20230200389
This disclosure concerns a synergistic fungicidal mixture containing (a) a compound of Formula I and (b) one or two additional fungicides. Such mixtures and compositions thereof are useful and highly active against Asian soybean rust is caused by (Phakopsora pachyrhizi, PHAKPA).
Fungicides are compounds, of natural or synthetic origin, which act to protect plants against damage caused by fungi. Current methods of agriculture rely heavily on the use of fungicides. In fact, some crops cannot be grown usefully without the use of fungicides. Using fungicides allows a grower to increase the yield and the quality of the crop, and consequently, increase the value of the crop. In most situations, the increase in value of the crop is worth at least three times the cost of the use of the fungicide.
However, no one fungicide is useful in all situations and repeated usage of a single fungicide frequently leads to the development of resistance to that and related fungicides. Consequently, research is being conducted to produce fungicides and combinations of fungicides that are safer, that have better performance, that require lower dosages, that are easier to use, and that cost less.
Synergism occurs when the activity of two or more compounds exceeds the activities of the compounds when used alone.
The present disclosure provides synergistic mixtures or compositions thereof comprising fungicidal compounds. It is a further object of this disclosure to provide methods or processes that use these synergistic compositions. The synergistic mixtures or compositions thereof are capable of preventing or curing, or both, Asian soybean rust is caused by (Phakopsora pachyrhizi, PHAKPA).
In addition, the synergistic mixtures or compositions have improved efficacy against the specific Phakopsora pachyrhizi pathogen in particular. In accordance with this disclosure, synergistic mixtures, compositions are provided along with methods their manufacture and methods for their use.
4.1. Definitions
Various terms used in the specification and claims herein are defined as set forth below, unless otherwise specifically defined in this disclosure. All technical and scientific terms not defined herein have the meaning commonly understood by a person skilled in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
“Phytologically acceptable amount” refers to an amount of a compound that kills or inhibits the plant disease for which control is desired, but is not significantly toxic to the plant. This amount will generally be from about 0.1 to about 1000 ppm (parts per million), with 1 to 500 ppm being preferred. The exact concentration of compound required varies with the fungal disease to be controlled, the type of formulation employed, the method of application, the particular plant species, climate conditions, and the like. A suitable application rate is typically in the range from about 0.10 to about 4 pounds/acre (about 0.01 to 0.45 grams per square meter, g/m2).
As used herein, the term “salt” refers to salts which are suitable for use in agriculture, i.e. they affect humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio in agriculture. These salts are well known in the art. Salts of the compounds described herein include those derived from suitable inorganic and organic acids and bases. Examples of acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid or with organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid or malonic acid or by using other methods used in the art such as ion exchange. Other salts include, but are not limited to, adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecyl sulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, p-toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate salts, and the like. Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium salts. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like. Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, loweralkyl sulfonate and aryl sulfonate.
4.2. Additional Interpretational Conventions
The compounds described herein may exist as solvates, especially hydrates, and unless otherwise specified, all such solvates and hydrates are intended. Hydrates may form during manufacture of the compounds or compositions comprising the compounds, or hydrates may form over time due to the hygroscopic nature of the compounds. Compounds of the present technology may exist as organic solvates as well, including DMF, ether, and alcohol solvates, among others. The identification and preparation of any particular solvate is within the skill of the ordinary artisan of synthetic organic or medicinal chemistry, and are readily attainable using the textbook and other general synthetic references disclosed herein.
Throughout this application, the text refers to various aspects of the present compounds, compositions, and methods. The various aspects described are meant to provide a variety of illustrative examples and should not be construed as descriptions of alternative species. Rather, it should be noted that the descriptions of various aspects provided herein may be of overlapping scope. The aspects discussed herein are merely illustrative and are not meant to limit the scope of the present technology.
For the purposes of this specification and appended claims, unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing amounts, sizes, dimensions, proportions, shapes, formulations, parameters, percentages, parameters, quantities, characteristics, and other numerical values used in the specification and claims, are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term “about” even though the term “about” may not expressly appear with the value, amount or range. Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are not and need not be exact, but may be approximate and/or larger or smaller as desired, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding off, measurement error and the like, and other factors known to those of skill in the art depending on the desired properties sought to be obtained by the presently disclosed subject matter. For example, the term “about,” when referring to a value can be meant to encompass variations of, in some aspects, ±100% in some aspects ±50%, in some aspects ±20%, in some aspects ±10%, in some aspects ±5%, in some aspects ±1%, in some aspects ±0.5%, and in some aspects ±0.1% from the specified amount, as such variations are appropriate to perform the disclosed methods or employ the disclosed compositions.
As used herein and in the appended claims, singular articles such as “a,” “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the elements (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, including the upper and lower bounds of the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the aspects and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the claims unless otherwise stated. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential.
4.3. Mixtures
4.3.1. Components
In one aspect, the disclosure provides for a mixture containing a compound of Formula I:
and one or two additional fungicides selected from the group consisting of: a MET III Qi inhibitor, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI), a MET III Qo inhibitor, a multi-site inhibitor (MSI), a sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBI) and any combinations thereof.
In one aspect, the disclosure provides for a mixture containing a compound of Formula I and one additional fungicide.
In one aspect, the disclosure provides for a mixture containing a compound of Formula I and two additional fungicides.
In one aspect, the disclosure provides for a mixture containing a compound of Formula I and one or two additional fungicides wherein each additional fungicide is selected from the group consisting of: benzovindiflupyr, fluxapyroxad, bixafen, pydiflumetofen, picoxystrobin, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, metominostrobin, prothioconazole, epoxiconazole, tebuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, mefentrifluconazole, propiconazole, tetraconazole, fenpropimorph, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, Cu oxychloride and any combinations thereof.
In one aspect, the disclosure provides for a mixture containing a compound of Formula I and one additional fungicide which is picoxystrobin.
In one aspect, the disclosure provides for a mixture containing a compound of Formula I and one additional fungicide which is benzovindiflupyr.
In one aspect, the disclosure provides for a mixture containing a compound of Formula I and two additional fungicides wherein one additional fungicide is picoxystrobin.
In one aspect, the disclosure provides for a mixture containing a compound of Formula I and two additional fungicides wherein one additional fungicide is picoxystrobin and the other is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI).
In one aspect, the disclosure provides for a mixture containing a compound of Formula I and two additional fungicides wherein one additional fungicide is picoxystrobin and the other is a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor (SBI).
In one aspect, the disclosure provides for a mixture containing a compound of Formula I and two additional fungicides wherein one additional fungicide is picoxystrobin and the other is a MET III Qi inhibitor.
In one aspect, the disclosure provides for a mixture containing a compound of Formula I and two additional fungicides wherein one additional fungicide is picoxystrobin and the other is a MET III Qo inhibitor.
In one aspect, the disclosure provides for a mixture containing a compound of Formula I and two additional fungicides wherein one additional fungicide is picoxystrobin and the other is a multi-site inhibitor (MSI).
In one aspect, the disclosure provides for a mixture containing a compound of Formula I and two additional fungicides wherein one additional fungicide is picoxystrobin and the other is benzovindiflupyr.
In one aspect, the disclosure provides for a mixture containing a compound of Formula I and two additional fungicides wherein one additional fungicide is picoxystrobin and the other is pyraclostrobin.
In one aspect, the disclosure provides for a mixture containing a compound of Formula I and two additional fungicides wherein one additional fungicide is picoxystrobin and the other is prothioconazole.
In one aspect, the disclosure provides for a mixture containing a compound of Formula I and two additional fungicides wherein one additional fungicide is picoxystrobin and the other is mancozeb.
In one aspect, the disclosure provides for a mixture containing a compound of Formula I and two additional fungicides wherein one additional fungicide is benzovindiflupyr.
The compositions of the present disclosure are preferably applied in the form of a formulation comprising a composition of (a) a compound of Formula I and (b) an additional fungicide selected from the group consisting of epoxiconazole, prothioconazole, picoxystrobin, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, bixafen, mancozeb and chlorothalonil, together with a phytologically acceptable carrier.
The structure of Compound I, as well as its synthesis and fungicidal application via agricultural formulation or composition, is disclosed in patent application No. PCT/US2019/021263, which is herein incorporated in its entirety. Compound I displayed some fungicidal activity in the reference above, though many broad-based fungicides fail to provide activity against Asian soybean rust caused by (Phakopsora pachyrhizi, PHAKPA) due to resistance which has built up.
Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBIs) are a known class of fungicides in the art and include, but are not limited to, C14 demethylase inhibitors (DMI fungicides), for example prothioconazole, epoxiconazole, cyproconazole, myclobutanil, metconazole, difenoconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, fenbuconazole, propiconazole, mefentrifluconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol and prochloraz, as well as Delta 14-reductase inhibitors, for example, fenpropimorph and aldimorph.
Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors of complex II (SDHIs), are a known class of fungicides in the art and include, but are not limited to, fluxapyroxad, benzovindiflupyr, penthiopyrad, isopyrazam, bixafen, pydiflumetofen, boscalid, penflufen, and fluopyram.
Quinone outside inhibitors of complex III (MET III Qo) are a known class of fungicides in the art and include, but are not limited to, pyraclostrobin, fluoxastrobin, azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, picoxystrobin, metominostrobin, and kresoxim methyl.
Multi-site Inhibitors are a known class of fungicides in the art and include, but are not limited to, thio- and dithiocarbamates, such as mancozeb, organochlorine compounds, such as chlorothalonil, inorganics such as Cu oxychloride.
Azoxystrobin is the common name for methyl (aE)-2-[[6-(2-cyanophenoxy)-4-pyrimidinyl]oxy]-a-(methoxymethylene)benzeneacetate.
Bixafen is the common name for N-(3′,4′-dichloro-5-fluoro[1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide.
Chlorothalonil is the common name for tetrachlorisophthalonitrile.
Epoxiconazole is the common name for rel-1-[[(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)oxiranyl]methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole.
Prothioconazole is the common name for 2-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione.
Pyraclostrobin is the common name for methyl [2-[[[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy]methyl]phenyl]methoxycarbamate.
Benzovindiflupyr is the common name for N-[11-(dichloromethylidene)-3-tricyclo[6.2.1.0]undeca-2(7),3,5-trienyl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methylpyrazole-4-carboxamide.
Fluxapyroxad is the common name for 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[2-(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)phenyl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide.
Pydiflumetofen is the common name for 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-methoxy-1-methyl-N-[1-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)propan-2-yl]pyrazole-4-carboxamide.
Picoxystrobin is the common name for methyl (E)-3-methoxy-2-[2-[[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxymethyl]phenyl]prop-2-enoate.
Trifloxystrobin is the common name for methyl (2E)-2-methoxyimino-2-[2-[[(E)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylideneamino]oxymethyl]phenyl]acetate.
Metominostrobin is the common name for (2E)-2-methoxyimino-N-methyl-2-(2-phenoxyphenyl)acetamide.
Tebuconazole is the common name for 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol.
Cyproconazole is the common name for 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclopropyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol.
Difenoconazole is the common name for 1-[[2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazole.
Mefentrifluconazole is the common name for 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol.
Propiconazole is the common name for 1-[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl]methyl]-1,2,4-triazole.
Tetraconazole is the common name for 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propyl]-1,2,4-triazole.
Fenpropimorph is the common name for (2S,6R)-4-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methylpropyl]-2,6-dimethylmorpholine.
Mancozeb is the common name for zinc manganese(2+) N-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate.
Cu oxychloride is the common name for dicopper dichloride trihydroxide.
The fungicidal activity for: benzovindiflupyr, fluxapyroxad, bixafen, pydiflumetofen, picoxystrobin, azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, metominostrobin, prothioconazole, epoxiconazole, tebuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, mefentrifluconazole, propiconazole, tetraconazole, fenpropimorph, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, and Cu oxychloride is described in The Pesticide Manual, Eighteenth Edition, 2018 while each one of these compounds can be obtained commercially thru vendors such as Sigma Aldrich, TCI Chemical and the like, but if not, these compound can be synthesized according to the references mentioned herein which detail general synthetic procedures to get to the final compound.
4.3.2. Fungicidal Compositions
In some aspects, the disclosure provides for fungicidal mixtures and/or compositions or methods using a fungicidal mixture or composition to control or to prevent fungal attack. Concentrated formulations may be dispersed in water, or other liquids, for application, or formulations may be dust-like or granular, which may then be applied without further treatment. The formulations can be prepared according to procedures that are known and conventional in the agricultural chemical art. Methods to make and use agricultural compositions comprising the compound of Formula I and one or two additional fungicides can be found in, for example, references such as, Hance et al. Weed Control Handbook (8th Ed., Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, 1989) and Mollet, H. and Grubemann, A.: Formulation technology (Wiley VCH Verlag, Weinheim, 2001, Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963, Browning, et al. “Agglomeration” in Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, 147-48, Klingman, Weed Control as a Science (J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1961) and U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,060,084, 3,299,566, 4,172,714, 4,144,050, 3,920,442, 5,180,587, 5,232,701, 5,208,030, EP 707 445, GB 2,095,558, and WO9113546, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The present disclosure contemplates all vehicles by which one or more of the compounds may be formulated for delivery and used as a fungicide. Typically, formulations are applied to plant foliage or to the root system, or the surrounding soil, or even to a seed, as aqueous suspensions or emulsions. Such suspensions or emulsions may be produced from water-soluble, water-suspendible, or emulsifiable formulations which are solids, usually known as wettable powders; or liquids, usually known as emulsifiable concentrates, aqueous suspensions, or suspension concentrates. As will be readily appreciated, any material to which these compounds may be added may be used, provided it yields the desired utility without significant interference with the activity of these compounds as antifungal agents.
Concentrated formulations can be dispersed in water, or another liquid, for application, or formulations can be dust-like or granular, which can then be applied without further treatment. The formulations are prepared according to procedures which are conventional in the agricultural chemical art, but which are novel and important because of the presence therein of a synergistic mixture or composition.
The formulations that are applied most often are aqueous suspensions or emulsions. Either such water-soluble, water-suspendable, or emulsifiable formulations are solids, usually known as wettable powders, or liquids, usually known as emulsifiable concentrates, aqueous suspensions, or suspension concentrates. The present disclosure contemplates all vehicles by which the synergistic compositions can be formulated for delivery and use as a fungicide.
As will be readily appreciated, any material to which these synergistic mixtures or compositions can be added may be used, provided they yield the desired utility without significant interference with the activity of these synergistic compositions as antifungal agents.
Wettable powders, which may be compacted to form water-dispersible granules, comprise an intimate mixture of the synergistic composition, a carrier and agriculturally acceptable surfactants. The concentration of the synergistic composition in the wettable powder is usually from about 10% to about 90% by weight, more preferably about 25% to about 75% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation. In the preparation of wettable powder formulations, the synergistic composition can be compounded with any of the finely divided solids, such as prophyllite, talc, chalk, gypsum, Fuller's earth, bentonite, attapulgite, starch, casein, gluten, montmorillonite clays, diatomaceous earths, purified silicates or the like. In such operations, the finely divided carrier is ground or mixed with the synergistic composition in a volatile organic solvent. Effective surfactants, comprising from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of the wettable powder, include sulfonated lignins, naphthalenesulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkyl sulfates, and non-ionic surfactants, such as ethylene oxide adducts of alkyl phenols.
Emulsifiable concentrates of the synergistic mixture or composition comprise a convenient concentration, such as from about 10% to about 50% by weight, in a suitable liquid, based on the total weight of the emulsifiable concentrate formulation. The components of the synergistic compositions, jointly or separately, are dissolved in a carrier, which is either a water-miscible solvent or a mixture of water-immiscible organic solvents, and emulsifiers. The concentrates may be diluted with water and oil to form spray mixtures in the form of oil-in-water emulsions. Useful organic solvents include aromatics, especially the high-boiling naphthalenic and olefinic portions of petroleum such as heavy aromatic naphtha. Other organic solvents may also be used, such as, for example, terpenic solvents, including rosin derivatives, aliphatic ketones, such as cyclohexanone, and complex alcohols, such as 2-ethoxyethanol.
Emulsifiers which can be advantageously employed herein can be readily determined by those skilled in the art and include various nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric emulsifiers, or a blend of two or more emulsifiers. Examples of nonionic emulsifiers useful in preparing the emulsifiable concentrates include the polyalkylene glycol ethers and condensation products of alkyl and aryl phenols, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic amines or fatty acids with ethylene oxide, propylene oxides such as the ethoxylated alkyl phenols and carboxylic esters solubilized with the polyol or polyoxyalkylene. Cationic emulsifiers include quaternary ammonium compounds and fatty amine salts. Anionic emulsifiers include the oil-soluble salts (e.g., calcium) of alkylaryl sulfonic acids, oil-soluble salts or sulfated polyglycol ethers and appropriate salts of phosphated polyglycol ether.
Representative organic liquids which can be employed in preparing the emulsifiable concentrates of the present disclosure are the aromatic liquids such as xylene, propyl benzene fractions, or mixed naphthalene fractions, mineral oils, substituted aromatic organic liquids such as dioctyl phthalate, kerosene, dialkyl amides of various fatty acids, particularly the dimethyl amides of fatty glycols and glycol derivatives such as the n-butyl ether, ethyl ether or methyl ether of diethylene glycol, and the methyl ether of triethylene glycol. Mixtures of two or more organic liquids are also often suitably employed in the preparation of the emulsifiable concentrate. The preferred organic liquids are xylene, and propyl benzene fractions, with xylene being most preferred. The surface-active dispersing agents are usually employed in liquid formulations and in the amount of from 0.1 to 20 percent by weight of the combined weight of the dispersing agent with the synergistic compositions. The formulations can also contain other compatible additives, for example, plant growth regulators and other biologically active compounds used in agriculture.
Aqueous suspensions comprise suspensions of one or more water-insoluble compounds, dispersed in an aqueous vehicle at a concentration in the range from about 5% to about 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the aqueous suspension formulation. Suspensions are prepared by finely grinding the components of the synergistic combination either together or separately, and vigorously mixing the ground material into a vehicle comprised of water and surfactants chosen from the same types discussed above. Other ingredients, such as inorganic salts and synthetic or natural gums, may also be added to increase the density and viscosity of the aqueous vehicle. It is often most effective to grind and mix at the same time by preparing the aqueous mixture and homogenizing it in an implement such as a sand mill, ball mill, or piston-type homogenizer.
The synergistic composition may also be applied as a granular formulation, which is particularly useful for applications to the soil. Granular formulations usually contain from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of the compounds, based on the total weight of the granular formulation, dispersed in a carrier which consists entirely or in large part of coarsely divided attapulgite, bentonite, diatomite, clay or a similar inexpensive substance. Such formulations are usually prepared by dissolving the synergistic composition in a suitable solvent and applying it to a granular carrier which has been pre-formed to the appropriate particle size, in the range of from about 0.5 to about 3 mm. Such formulations may also be prepared by making a dough or paste of the carrier and the synergistic composition, and crushing and drying to obtain the desired granular particle.
Dusts containing the synergistic composition are prepared simply by intimately mixing the synergistic composition in powdered form with a suitable dusty agricultural carrier, such as, for example, kaolin clay, ground volcanic rock, and the like. Dusts can suitably contain from about 1% to about 10% by weight of the synergistic composition/carrier combination.
The formulations may contain agriculturally acceptable adjuvant surfactants to enhance deposition, wetting and penetration of the synergistic composition onto the target crop and organism. These adjuvant surfactants may optionally be employed as a component of the formulation or as a tank mix. The amount of adjuvant surfactant will vary from 0.01 percent to 1.0 percent volume/volume (v/v) based on a spray-volume of water, preferably 0.05 to 0.5 percent. Suitable adjuvant surfactants include ethoxylated nonyl phenols, ethoxylated synthetic or natural alcohols, salts of the esters or sulfosuccinic acids, ethoxylated organosilicones, ethoxylated fatty amines and blends of surfactants with mineral or vegetable oils.
Wettable powders, which may be compacted to form water-dispersible granules, comprise an intimate mixture of one or two of the additional fungicide and the compound of Formula I, an inert carrier and/or surfactants. The concentration of the compound in the wettable powder may be from about 1 percent to about 100 percent, from about 5 percent to about 95 percent, from about 10 percent to about 90 percent by weight, from about 20 percent to about 90 percent, based on the total weight of the wettable powder, more preferably about 25 weight percent to about 75 weight percent. In the preparation of wettable powder formulations, the compounds may be compounded with any finely divided solid, such as prophyllite, talc, chalk, gypsum, Fuller's earth, bentonite, attapulgite, starch, casein, gluten, montmorillonite clays, diatomaceous earths, purified silicates or the like. In such operations, the finely divided carrier and surfactants are typically blended with the compound(s) and milled.
Emulsifiable concentrates of the mixture of one or two of the additional fungicide and the compound of Formula I may comprise a convenient concentration, such as from about 1 weight percent to about 50 weight percent of the compound, in a suitable liquid, based on the total weight of the concentrate. The compounds may be dissolved in an inert carrier, which is either a water-miscible solvent or a mixture of water-immiscible organic solvents, and emulsifiers. The concentrates may be diluted with water and oil to form spray mixtures in the form of oil-in-water emulsions. Useful organic solvents include aromatics, especially the high-boiling naphthalenic and olefinic portions of petroleum such as heavy aromatic naphtha. Other organic solvents may also be used, for example, terpenic solvents, including rosin derivatives, aliphatic ketones, such as cyclohexanone, and complex alcohols, such as 2-ethoxyethanol.
Emulsifiers which may be advantageously employed herein may be readily determined by those skilled in the art and include various nonionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric emulsifiers, or a blend of two or more emulsifiers. Examples of nonionic emulsifiers useful in preparing the emulsifiable concentrates include the polyalkylene glycol ethers and condensation products of alkyl and aryl phenols, aliphatic alcohols, aliphatic amines or fatty acids with ethylene oxide, propylene oxides such as the ethoxylated alkyl phenols and carboxylic esters solubilized with the polyol or polyoxyalkylene. Cationic emulsifiers include quaternary ammonium compounds and fatty amine salts. Anionic emulsifiers include the oil soluble salts (e.g., calcium) of alkylaryl sulphonic acids, oil-soluble salts or sulfated polyglycol ethers and appropriate salts of phosphated polyglycol ether.
Representative organic liquids which may be employed in preparing the emulsifiable concentrates of the compounds of the present disclosure are the aromatic liquids such as xylene, propyl benzene fractions; or mixed naphthalene fractions, mineral oils, substituted aromatic organic liquids such as dioctyl phthalate; kerosene; dialkyl amides of various fatty acids, particularly the dimethyl amides of fatty glycols and glycol derivatives such as the n-butyl ether, ethyl ether or methyl ether of diethylene glycol, the methyl ether of triethylene glycol, petroleum fractions or hydrocarbons such as mineral oil, aromatic solvents, paraffinic oils, and the like; vegetable oils such as soy bean oil, rape seed oil, olive oil, castor oil, sunflower seed oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cotton seed oil, linseed oil, palm oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, tung oil and the like; esters of the above vegetable oils; and the like. Mixtures of two or more organic liquids may also be employed in the preparation of the emulsifiable concentrate. Organic liquids include xylene, and propyl benzene fractions, with xylene being most preferred in some cases. Surface-active dispersing agents are typically employed in liquid formulations and in an amount of from 0.1 to 20 percent by weight based on the combined weight of the dispersing agent with one or more of the compounds. The formulations can also contain other compatible additives, for example, plant growth regulators and other biologically active compounds used in agriculture.
Aqueous suspensions comprise suspensions of the mixture of one or two of the additional fungicide and the compound of Formula I, dispersed in an aqueous vehicle at a concentration in the range from about 1 to about 50 weight percent, based on the total weight of the aqueous suspension. Suspensions are prepared by finely grinding one or more of the compounds, and vigorously mixing the ground material into a vehicle comprised of water and surfactants chosen from the same types discussed above. Other components, such as inorganic salts and synthetic or natural gums, may also be added to increase the density and viscosity of the aqueous vehicle.
The mixture of one or two of the additional fungicide and the compound of Formula I can also be applied as granular formulations, which are particularly useful for applications to the soil. Granular formulations generally contain from about 0.5 to about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the granular formulation of the compound(s), dispersed in an inert carrier which consists entirely or in large part of coarsely divided inert material such as attapulgite, bentonite, diatomite, clay or a similar inexpensive substance. Such formulations are usually prepared by dissolving the compounds in a suitable solvent and applying it to a granular carrier which has been performed to the appropriate particle size, in the range of from about 0.5 to about 3 mm. A suitable solvent is a solvent in which the compound is substantially or completely soluble. Such formulations may also be prepared by making a dough or paste of the carrier and the compound and solvent, and crushing and drying to obtain the desired granular particle.
Dusts containing the mixture of one or two of the additional fungicide and the compound of Formula I may be prepared by intimately mixing one or more of the compounds in powdered form with a suitable dusty agricultural carrier, such as, for example, kaolin clay, ground volcanic rock, and the like. Dusts can suitably contain from about 1 to about 10 weight percent of the compounds, based on the total weight of the dust.
Moreover, formulations such as suspensions (SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), pastes, pastilles and gel formulations are within the scope of the compositions disclosed herein. In some aspects, the composition is diluted. In some aspects, the composition is undiluted.
In one aspect, the composition comprises a synergistic composition comprising a compound of Formula I and one or two additional fungicides. In one aspect, the composition comprises the mixture of one or two of the additional fungicide and the compound of Formula I and a phytologically acceptable carrier. Preferably, the mixture of one or two of the additional fungicide and the compound of Formula I of the present disclosure are applied in the form of a composition.
In various aspects, the composition or formulation comprises the mixture of one or two of the additional fungicide and the compound of Formula I or tautomers, stereoisomers, salts, solvates or hydrates thereof.
In various aspects, the phytologically acceptable carrier includes, but is not limited to, one or more of: solvents, dispersants, emulsifiers e.g. solubilizers, protective colloids, surfactants and adhesion agents, organic and inorganic thickeners, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti-foaming agents, if appropriate colorants and tackifiers or binders (e.g. for seed treatment formulations).
In this context, suitable solvents for a formulation include water, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol or cyclohexanol, glycols, ketones such as cyclohexanone and gamma-butyrolactone, or a solvent such as mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, kerosene or diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes or their alkylated naphthalene derivatives, or a fatty acid or fatty acid dimethylamides, fatty acid esters and strongly polar solvents, e.g. amines such as N-methylpyrrolidone.
In various aspects, the phytologically acceptable carrier(s) is liquid. In various aspects, the phytologically acceptable carrier(s) is solid. In such aspects, a solid carrier may include, but is not limited to, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, silicates, silica gels, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, talc, kaolins, limestone, calcium sulfate, fertilizers, such as, e.g., ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas, and materials such of like of cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal and nutshell meal, and cellulose powders.
The formulations may additionally contain other phytologically acceptable carriers, such as adjuvant surfactants to enhance deposition, wetting, and penetration of the compounds onto the target crop and organism. These adjuvant surfactants may optionally be employed as a component of the formulation or as a tank mix. The amount of adjuvant surfactant will typically vary from 0.01 to 1.0 percent by volume, based on a spray-volume of water, preferably 0.05 to 0.5 volume percent. Suitable adjuvant surfactants include, but are not limited to ethoxylated nonyl phenols, ethoxylated synthetic or natural alcohols, salts of the esters or sulphosuccinic acids, ethoxylated organosilicones, ethoxylated fatty amines, blends of surfactants with mineral or vegetable oils, crop oil concentrate (mineral oil (85%)+emulsifiers (15%)); nonylphenol ethoxylate; benzylcocoalkyldimethyl quaternary ammonium salt; blend of petroleum hydrocarbon, alkyl esters, organic acid, and anionic surfactant; C9-C11 alkylpolyglycoside; phosphated alcohol ethoxylate; natural primary alcohol (C12-C16) ethoxylate; di-sec-butylphenol EO-PO block copolymer; polysiloxane-methyl cap; nonylphenol ethoxylate+urea ammonium nitrrate; emulsified methylated seed oil; tridecyl alcohol (synthetic) ethoxylate (8EO); tallow amine ethoxylate (15 EO); PEG(400) dioleate-99. These types of formulations may also include oil-in-water emulsions, such are described, and the procedures to make them are explained in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/495,228, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference herein.
Bactericides may be added for preservation and stabilization of the composition. Examples for suitable bactericides are those based on dichlorophene and benzylalcohol hemi formal (Proxel® from ICI or Acticide® RS from Thor Chemie and Kathon® MK from Rohm & Haas) and isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones suitable anti-freezing agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerin.
Examples for anti-foaming agents are silicone emulsions (such as e.g. Silikon® SRE, Wacker, Germany or Rhodorsil®, Rhodia, France), long chain alcohols, fatty acids, salts of fatty acids, fluoroorganic compounds and mixtures thereof.
Suitable colorants are pigments of low water solubility and water-soluble dyes.
Examples to be mentioned and the designations rhodamin B, C. I. pigment red 1 12, C. I. solvent red 1, pigment blue 15:4, pigment blue 15:3, pigment blue 15:2, pigment blue 15: 1, pigment blue 80, pigment yellow 1, pigment yellow 13, pigment red 112, pigment red 48:2, pigment red 48: 1, pigment red 57: 1, pigment red 53 : 1, pigment orange 43, pigment orange 34, pigment orange 5, pigment green 3
Example Formulation
Below is merely an example agricultural formulation that one skilled in the art could make with the formulation methods, the compounds and the carriers disclosed herein.
Suspensions formulation (either SC, OD, FS)
In an agitated ball mill, mix 20 parts by weight a mixture of the one or two additional fungicides and a compound of Formula I with 20 parts by weight, each, of block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide (e.g. Pluronic® P-105) and alkylnaphthalene sulfonate condensate sodium salt (e.g. Morwet® D-425) dispersing/wetting agents. Further, 60 parts by weight of fatty acid alkylester organic solvent is added and vigorous mixing gives a suspension concentrate. Dilution with water provides a stable suspension of the formulation. The one or two additional fungicides and the compound of Formula I combined together is 40% by weight.
4.3.3. Ranges
In various aspects, one or two additional fungicides and a compound of Formula I in the composition is present at a concentration of 10 ng/mL, 50 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, 500 ng/mL, 1 ug/mL, 10 ug/mL, 50 ug/mL, 75 ug/mL, 0.1 mg/ml, 0.2 mg/ml, 0.3 mg/ml, 0.4 mg/ml, even 0.5 mg/ml. In some aspects, one or two additional fungicides and a compound of Formula I in the composition is present at a concentration of 1 mg/ml, 2 mg/ml, 3 mg/ml, 4 mg/ml or 5 mg/ml. In some aspects, one or two additional fungicides and a compound of Formula I in the composition is present at a concentration of 10 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml, 30 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml or 50 mg/ml. In some aspects, one or two additional fungicides and a compound of Formula I in the composition is present at a concentration of at least 100 mg/ml, 125 mg/ml, 150 mg/ml, 175 mg/ml, or 200 mg/ml.
In some fluid aspects, one or two additional fungicides and a compound of Formula I in the composition is present at a concentration of at least 250 mg/ml.
In certain fluid aspects, one or two additional fungicides and a compound of Formula I in the composition is present at a concentration from 0.1 mg/ml to 0.01 mg/ml.
In certain aspects, the weight ratio of Compound I to each additional fungicide at which the fungicidal effect is synergistic lies within the range of between about 1:1 and about 1:100.
In certain aspects, the weight ratio of Compound I to each additional fungicide at which the fungicidal effect is synergistic lies within the range of between about 1:1 and about 10:1.
The rate at which the synergistic composition is applied will depend upon the particular type of fungus to be controlled, the degree of control required and the timing and method of application. In general, the composition of the disclosure can be applied at an application rate of between about 20 grams per hectare (g/ha) and about 3000 g/ha based on the total amount of active ingredients in the composition.
In certain aspects, the synergistic composition is applied at an application rate of between about 65 grams per hectare (g/ha) and about 2300 g/ha based on the total amount of active ingredients in the composition.
In certain aspects, the synergistic composition is applied differentially with respect to the actives. In certain aspects, epoxiconazole is applied at a rate between about 30 g/ha and about 125 g/ha and the compound of Formula I is applied at a rate between about 35 g/ha and about 300 g/ha. In certain aspects, prothioconazole is applied at a rate between about 50 g/ha and about 200 g/ha and the compound of Formula I is applied at a rate between about 35 g/ha and about 300 g/ha. In certain aspects, azoxystrobin is applied at a rate between about 50 g/ha and about 250 g/ha and the compound of Formula I is applied at a rate between about 35 g/ha and about 300 g/ha. In certain aspects, pyraclostrobin is applied at a rate between about 50 g/ha and about 250 g/ha and the compound of Formula I is applied at a rate between about 35 g/ha and about 300 g/ha. In certain aspects, bixafen is applied at a rate between about 30 g/ha and about 125 g/ha and the compound of Formula I is applied at a rate between about 35 g/ha and about 300 g/ha. In certain aspects, chlorothalonil is applied at a rate between about 100 g/ha and about 2000 g/ha and the compound of Formula I is applied at a rate between about 35 g/ha and about 300 g/ha.
In certain aspects, picoxystrobin is applied at a rate between about 50 g/ha and about 200 g/ha and the compound of Formula I is applied at a rate between about 35 g/ha and about 300 g/ha. In certain aspects, benzovindiflupyr is applied at a rate between about 50 g/ha and about 200 g/ha and the compound of Formula I is applied at a rate between about 35 g/ha and about 300 g/ha.
The components of the synergistic mixture of the present disclosure can be applied either separately or as part of a multipart fungicidal system.
4.3.4. Methods of Use
In one aspect, the disclosure provides for a use of the synergistic mixtures or compositions described herein for protection of a plant against attack by Asian soybean rust is caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, PHAKPA, or the treatment of a plant infested by Asian soybean rust is caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, PHAKPA, comprising the application of the synergistic mixtures or compositions described herein to soil, a plant, a part of a plant, foliage, and/or seeds.
In one aspect, the disclosure provides for a method for the control or prevention of Asian soybean rust. Such methods comprise applying to the soil, seed, plant, roots, foliage, or locus of the fungus, or to a locus in which the infestation is to be eradicated, controlled or prevented (for example applying to cereal or grape plants), a compound of the Formula I and one or two additional fungicides. These compounds are suitable for treatment of Asian soybean rust while exhibiting relatively low phytotoxicity. The compounds may be useful both in a protectant and/or an eradicant fashion.
The compounds of the present disclosure may be applied by any of a variety of known techniques, either as a mixture of the compounds or as formulations comprising the mixture of compounds. Further, the mixture or composition may be applied to the roots, seeds or foliage of plants for the control of various fungi, without damaging the commercial value of the plants. The materials may be applied in the form of any of the generally used formulation types, for example, as solutions, dusts, wettable powders, flowable concentrates, or emulsifiable concentrates.
The exact amount of the active material to be applied is dependent not only on the specific active material being applied, but also on the particular action desired and the stage of growth thereof, as well as the part of the plant or other product to be contacted with the compound. Thus, all the compounds, and formulations containing the same, may not be equally effective at similar concentrations.
In some aspects, the compounds of Formula I and one or more additional fungicide are effective for use in any amount. In some aspects, compounds of Formula I and one or more additional fungicide are effective for use in an effective amount. In some aspects, compounds of Formula I and one or more additional fungicide are effective for use in in an agricultural composition in any amount. In some aspects, compounds of Formula I and one or more additional fungicide are effective for use in in an agricultural composition in a phytologically acceptable amount. In some aspects, compounds of Formula I and one or more additional fungicide are effective for use in in an agricultural composition in an effective amount.
In some aspects, compounds of Formula I and one or more additional fungicide are effective in use with plants in a phytologically acceptable amount. This amount will generally be from about 0.1 to about 1000 ppm (parts per million), with 1 to 500 ppm being preferred. The exact concentration of compound required varies with the fungal disease to be controlled, the type of formulation employed, the method of application, the particular plant species, climate conditions, and the like. A suitable application rate is typically in the range from about 0.10 to about 4 pounds/acre (about 0.01 to 0.45 grams per square meter, g/m2).
In one aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of protecting a plant against attack by Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, PHAKPA, and/or a method of treating a plant infested or infested by Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, PHAKPA, the method comprising contacting an effective amount of a compound of Formula I and one or more additional fungicide to at least one of: a fungus, a plant, and/or an area adjacent to a plant. In some aspects, the disclosure provides for methods wherein the compounds are formulated in a composition. In some aspects these compositions are suitable for agricultural purposes.
In some aspects, the disclosure provides for a method of controlling fungal attack on a plant, the method comprising contacting a seed, an area adjacent to the plant, soil adapted to support growth of the plant, a root of the plant, and/or foliage of the plant, with a compound of Formula I and one or more additional fungicide, or an agricultural composition thereof. In some aspects, the disclosure provides for a method of controlling fungal attack on a plant, the method comprising contacting a seed, an area adjacent to the plant, soil adapted to support growth of the plant, a root of the plant, and/or foliage of the plant, with a phytologically acceptable amount of a compound of Formula I and one or more additional fungicide, or an agricultural composition thereof.
In some aspects, the disclosure provides for a method of controlling fungal attack on a plant, the method comprising contacting a seed, an area adjacent to the plant, soil adapted to support growth of the plant, a root of the plant, and/or foliage of the plant, with a phytologically acceptable amount of a compound of any one of embodiments or aspects or in the Examples described herein, or an agricultural composition thereof. In some aspects, the disclosure provides for a method of controlling fungal attack on a plant, the method comprising contacting a seed, an area adjacent to the plant, soil adapted to support growth of the plant, a root of the plant, and/or foliage of the plant, with a phytologically acceptable amount of a compound of any one of embodiments or aspects or in the Examples described herein, or an agricultural composition thereof.
In some aspects, the disclosure provides for a method of controlling fungal attack on a plant, the method comprising contacting a seed, an area adjacent to the plant, soil adapted to support growth of the plant, a root of the plant, and/or foliage of the plant, with a fungicide composition comprising a phytologically acceptable amount of a compound of any one of embodiments or aspects or in the Examples described herein and a carrier.
In some aspects, the disclosure provides for methods wherein the composition carrier is one or more of a thickener, emulsifier, rheology agent, dispersant and/or solid carrier.
In some aspects, the disclosure provides for methods wherein the soil concentration, surrounding the plant, increases with respect to at least one of the following elemental nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium, boron, chlorine, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, molybdenum, hydrogen, carbon, and/or oxygen. In some aspects, the disclosure provides for methods wherein the soil concentration, surrounding the plant, of total nitrogen increases. In some aspects, the disclosure provides for methods wherein the soil concentration, surrounding the plant, of total sulfur increases. In some aspects, the disclosure provides for methods wherein the soil concentration, surrounding the plant, of total phosphorus increases.
In some aspects, the disclosure provides for methods wherein the soil concentration, surrounding the plant, of nitrate increases. In some aspects, the disclosure provides for methods wherein the soil concentration, surrounding the plant, of calcium increases.
In some aspects, the disclosure provides for methods wherein the level of biological materials or solids including sugar or even the whole of, or any two of, or any one of: sugars, amino acids, vitamins, phytohormones, minerals, etc., within the plant sap and/or tissue increases as measured on the Brix scale. The skilled artisan in this field is aware of how to perform such measurements and calculations, as this measure has been used for long time to test fruit like grapes and apples for ripeness. Anyway, such routine operations are done by refractive index as well as by density and one skilled in the art can consult a horticulture publications such as Using ° Brix as an Indicator of Vegetable Quality: Instructions for Measuring ° Brix in Cucumber, Leafy Greens, Sweet Corn, Tomato, and Watermelon, HYG-1653, Matthew D. Kleinhenz and Natalie R. Bumgarner, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 2015, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated by reference. In some aspects, the disclosure provides for methods wherein the level of biological materials or solids within the plant sap and/or tissue increases to about 8% on the Brix scale. In some aspects, the disclosure provides for methods wherein the level of biological materials or solids within the plant sap and/or tissue increases to about 10% on the Brix scale. In some aspects, the disclosure provides for methods wherein the level of biological materials or solids within the plant sap and/or tissue increases to about 12% on the Brix scale.
In some aspects, the disclosure provides for methods wherein the pH of the soil, surrounding the plant, increases. In some aspects, the pH of the soil, surrounding the plant, increases by about 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, or4 on the pH scale. In some aspects, the pH of the soil, surrounding the plant, increases to about 7.5, 8, 8.5, 9, 9.5 or 10 on the pH scale.
In some aspects, the disclosure provides for a method of protecting a plant against attack by a phytopathogenic organism and/or a method of treating a plant infested by a phytopathogenic organism, wherein the provided compound inhibits one or more species of fungi at an MIC of 0.1-2 μg/mL.
The present disclosure includes within its scope methods for the control or prevention of fungal attack. These methods comprise applying to the locus of the fungus, or to a locus in which the infestation is to be prevented, a fungicidally effective amount of the synergistic composition. The synergistic composition is suitable for treatment of plants at fungicidal levels, while exhibiting low phytotoxicity. The synergistic composition is useful in a protectant or eradicant fashion. The synergistic composition is applied by any of a variety of known techniques, either as the synergistic composition or as a formulation comprising the synergistic composition. For example, the synergistic compositions may be applied to the roots, seeds or foliage of plants for the control of various fungi, without damaging the commercial value of the plants. The synergistic composition is applied in the form of any of the generally used formulation types, for example, as solutions, dusts, wettable powders, flowable concentrates, or emulsifiable concentrates. These materials are conveniently applied in various known fashions.
The synergistic compositions have a broad range of efficacy as a fungicide. The exact amount of the synergistic composition to be applied is dependent not only on the relative amounts of the components, but also on the particular action desired and the stage of growth thereof, as well as the part of the plant or other product to be contacted with the synergistic composition. Thus, formulations containing the synergistic composition may not be equally effective at similar concentrations.
In some aspects, the disclosure provides for a compound of Formula I and one or two additional fungicides, or an agricultural composition thereof, for use in the control of Asian soybean rust. In some aspects, the disclosure provides for a mixture or composition of a compound of Formula I and a fungicide from any one of embodiments or aspects or in the Examples described herein, or an agricultural composition thereof for use in the control of Asian soybean rust.
In some aspects, the disclosure provides for a compound or agricultural composition for use wherein the Phakopsora pachyrhizi and/or Asian soybean rust is according to any of the aspects or embodiments or in the Examples described herein.
In some aspects, the disclosure provides for compositions, methods or uses according to the following:
4.3.5. Seed Treatment
In some aspects, the disclosure provides for a seed treated with a mixture of a compound of Formula I and one or two additional fungicides, as described herein, or an agricultural composition thereof. In some aspects, the disclosure provides for a seed treated with a mixture of a compound of Formula I and one or two additional fungicides, as described in any one of embodiments or aspects or in the Examples described herein, or an agricultural composition thereof. In some of these aspects, the amount of a compound of Formula I and one or two additional fungicides or the amount of one or two additional fungicides of any one of embodiments or aspects or in the Examples described herein is a phytologically acceptable amount. In some of these aspects, the amount of compound of Formula I and one or two additional fungicides of any one of embodiments or aspects or in the Examples described herein is an effective amount.
In some aspects, the disclosure provides for a method of controlling fungal attack on a plant, the method comprising contacting a seed with a mixture of a compound of Formula I and one or two additional fungicides, as described herein, or an agricultural composition thereof. In some aspects, the disclosure provides for a method of controlling fungal attack on a plant, the method comprising contacting a seed with a compound of any one of embodiments or aspects or as those mixtures and/or compositions described in the Examples, or an agricultural composition thereof. In some of these aspects, the amount of a mixture of a compound of Formula I and one or two additional fungicides of any one of embodiments or aspects or in the Examples described herein is an effective amount.
The synergistic compositions are effective in use with plants in a disease-inhibiting and phytologically acceptable amount. The term “disease-inhibiting and phytologically acceptable amount” refers to an amount of the synergistic composition that kills or inhibits the plant disease for which control is desired, but is not significantly toxic to the plant. The exact concentration of synergistic composition required varies with the fungal disease to be controlled, the type of formulation employed, the method of application, the particular plant species, climate conditions, and the like.
The present compositions can be applied to fungi or their locus by the use of conventional ground sprayers, granule applicators, and by other conventional means known to those skilled in the art.
The following synthetic and biological examples are offered to illustrate this the present technology and are not to be construed in any way as limiting the scope of this the present technology. Unless otherwise stated, all temperatures are in degrees Celsius.
The examples are offered for illustrative purposes only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. Efforts have been made to ensure accuracy with respect to numbers used (e.g., amounts, temperatures, etc.), but some experimental error and deviation should, of course, be allowed for.
The practice of the present disclosure may employ conventional methods of organic synthetic chemistry, as well as biochemistry, recombinant DNA techniques which within the skill of the art. Such techniques are explained fully in the literature. See, e.g., T.E. Creighton, Proteins: Structures and Molecular Properties (W.H. Freeman and Company, 1993); A.L. Lehninger, Biochemistry (Worth Publishers, Inc., current addition); Sambrook, et at., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (2nd Edition, 1989); Methods In Enzymology (S. Colowick and N. Kaplan eds., Academic Press, Inc.); Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th Edition (Easton, Pa.: Mack Publishing Company, 1990); Carey and Sundberg Advanced Organic Chemistry 3rd Ed. (Plenum Press) Vols A and B(1992), and Organic Reactions, Volumes 1-40 (John Wiley, and Sons, 1991).
The present technology is further understood by reference to the following examples, which are intended to be purely exemplary of the present technology. The present technology is not limited in scope by the exemplified aspects, which are intended as illustrations of single aspects of the present technology only. Any methods that are functionally equivalent are within the scope of the present technology. Various modifications of the present technology in addition to those described herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description and accompanying figures. Such modifications fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Fungicides were evaluated vs. PHAKPA either alone or in binary or ternary mixtures by combining each fungicide with Compound I. Technical grades of materials were dissolved in 1.5 ml of acetone, which were then mixed with 13.5 ml of water containing 0.011% Tween 20. The fungicide solutions were applied onto soybean seedlings using an automated booth sprayer to run-off. All sprayed plants were allowed to air dry prior to further handling. Soybean plants (variety Williams 82) were grown in soil-less Metro mix, with one plant per pot. Two weeks old seedlings were used for testing. Plants were inoculated either 3 days prior to or 1 day after fungicide treatments. Plants were incubated for 24 h in a dark dew room at 22° C. and 100% RH then transferred to a growth room at 23° C. for disease to develop. Once disease fully expressed on untreated plants, disease severity was assessed on the sprayed monofoliate leaves.
Synergy factors were calculated using Colby's method. The expected disease control (% DC exp) of a mixture consisting of two or three components can be predicted by the following formula:
% DCexp=A+B−(AB/100)
% DCexp=A+B+C−(AB/100)−(AC/100)−(BC/100)+(ABC/10000)
where A, B, C are the percent disease control given by the individual fungicide component at the defined rate in the mixture. If the ratio (synergy factor) between the observed disease control of the mixture (% DC abs) and the expected disease control of the mixture (% DC exp) is greater than 1, synergistic interaction is present.
When disease fully developed on the control plants, infection levels were assessed on treated plants visually and scored on a scale of 0 to 100 percent. Percentage of disease control was then calculated using the ratio of disease on treated plants relative to control plants.
Colby's equation was used to determine the fungicidal effects expected from the mixtures. (See Colby, S. R. Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic response of herbicide combinations. Weeds 1967, 15, 20-22.)
The following equation was used to calculate the expected activity of mixtures containing two active ingredients, A and B:
Expected=A+B−(A×B/100)
Representative synergistic interactions are presented in the following Tables 1-12.
% DC Obs=Percent disease control observed
% DC Exp=Percent disease control expected
Synergism factor=% DC Obs/% DC Exp
For all tables, % DC =% Disease Control
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US21/26957 | 4/13/2021 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63025923 | May 2020 | US |
