Patent Application
20240343643
The present invention relates to a synthetic gypsum and a gypsum board made from the synthetic gypsum, particularly a gypsum board containing alpha-hemihydrate gypsum.
Traditional gypsum boards do not contain alpha-hemihydrate gypsum, and their strength is relatively low. To meet the requirements of modern construction, the development of a new generation of high-strength gypsum boards has always been the focus of efforts by gypsum board manufacturers.
If gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) is simply produced by reacting limestone (CaCO3) with sulfuric acid (H2SO4), the resulting gypsum tends to recrystallize on the surface of the original limestone to form a layer of gypsum with low solubility. When the gypsum completely covers the original limestone core, the reaction will gradually stop at a temperature of about 45 degrees Celsius. To continue the reaction between the core limestone and sulfuric acid, an external heat source must be used so that the mixture can be stirred at higher temperatures to break the encapsulating gypsum layer in order to continue the reaction until completion.
Taking room temperature at 25 degrees Celsius as an example: as the ratio of slaked lime increases, the process temperature also increases. For example, when limestone and slaked lime are mixed in a ratio of 2:1, the process temperature can be raised to above 45 degrees Celsius; when limestone and slaked lime are mixed in a ratio of 2:8, the process temperature can reach near 80 degrees Celsius. Therefore, the present invention uses a mixture of slaked lime and limestone as raw materials to produce synthetic gypsum under normal pressure and chemical internal heat, neither external pressure nor external heat source is needed, which can achieve energy-saving and carbon reduction.
The present invention further discloses manufacture of high-strength gypsum boards containing alpha-hemihydrate gypsum from the disclosed synthetic gypsum. The gypsum boards manufactured by the present invention contain more than 10% alpha-hemihydrate calcium sulfate.
The chemical reactions related to the present invention are described as follows:
Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O), commonly known as gypsum or dihydrate gypsum, which loses 1.5 crystalline water molecules and forms hemihydrate gypsum (CaSO4·1/2 H2O) upon heating:
CaSO4·2H2O→CaSO4·1/2H2O+3/2H2O
Hemihydrate gypsum can be further divided into alpha-hemihydrate and beta-hemihydrate:
Heating dihydrate gypsum to around 97° C. leads to the formation of alpha-hemihydrate gypsum, which has a regular rhombic crystal shape. Heating dihydrate gypsum to around 45° C. leads to the formation of beta-hemihydrate gypsum, which has a loose and porous solid structure.
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) reacts with Sulfuric acid and water to produce dihydrate gypsum and carbon dioxide:
Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2) reacts with sulfuric acid to produce dihydrate gypsum:
The present invention has found that gypsum boards containing alpha-hemihydrate gypsum have significantly increased physical strength compared to traditional gypsum boards that do not contain alpha-hemihydrate gypsum. Please refer to Table 1: Comparison of Physical Properties.
Table 1 shows a comparison of the physical properties between the gypsum board of the present invention and conventional gypsum board, which includes at least the following advantages:
(1) The longitudinal bending breaking load of the present invention gypsum board is 970 N, which is better than the conventional gypsum board at 910 N.
(2) The transverse bending breaking load of the present invention gypsum board is 580 N, which is better than the conventional gypsum board at 310 N.
(3) The present invention gypsum board has better impact resistance, with a dent diameter below 20 mm, compared to the conventional gypsum board with a dent diameter below 25 mm.
(4) The Nailed side surface load of the present invention gypsum board is 825 N, which is better than the conventional gypsum board at 750 N.
The present invention mixes limestone (Calcium Carbonate) and slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) in a specific ratio, and adds a predetermined amount of alpha-hemihydrate gypsum as a crystal seed for dihydrate calcium sulfate in the suspension. Under normal pressure and self-exothermic heat conditions, the mixture is reacted with sulfuric acid to synthesize dihydrate gypsum. The entire process is carried out under normal pressure and self-exothermic heat, without external heating, while controlling the concentration of reactants, pH value, drying and reaction time, to produce synthetic gypsum.
The composition analysis of the dihydrate gypsum produced by the present invention is as follows:
Synthetic gypsum analysis 1, free water analysis:
Synthetic gypsum analysis 2, crystalline water % and conversion purity:
Synthetic gypsum analysis 3: Calculation of alpha-hemihydrate content %, beta-hemihydrate content %, dihydrate content %, and impurity content %:
ASTM-C471M standard refers to:
A gypsum board is also disclosed according to the present invention. The method of producing the gypsum board includes:
Step 1: Mixing limestone (Calcium Carbonate) and slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) in a ratio of 2:1˜8, adding water to make a suspension with a solid concentration of 20%˜40%, and add 0.3%˜5% alpha-hemihydrate as a crystal seed of dihydrate gypsum.
Step 2: Slowly adding 20%˜60% sulfuric acid solution in a volume equal to about 1˜1.5 times the molar amount of Calcium under normal pressure, and stirring at 150˜500 rpm. The water temperature will continue to rise to 25˜50 degrees Celsius and gas will be produced until gas production stops.
Step 3: Centrifuging dehydrating, mixing with 1˜3 times the amount of water, add 20%˜35% dilute sulfuric acid solution, stirring at 150˜500 rpm until the pH is 3˜5, let it settle and precipitate, then centrifuging and dehydrating, and washing with water three times. Drying at 105 degrees Celsius for about 2˜3 hours to produce synthetic gypsum.
The composition analysis of the synthetic gypsum produced by this invention is as follows: Free water below 10%; CaSO4·2H2O above 95%; particle size above 150 μm; pH value 5˜8. The alpha-hemihydrate content is about 20%˜80%, and the rest is beta-hemihydrate and impurities. The pH is measured by the following method: Taking 10 g of gypsum sample, adding water to 100 g, stirring with a magnetic stirrer, and recording the pH value after stabilization.
Step 4: The synthetic gypsum is dried, ground, calcined to form gypsum powder containing 10˜50% alpha hemihydrate calcium sulfate, and then pulverized and stored.
Step 5: Gypsum slurry is formed by mixing gypsum powder, water, and auxiliary materials such as hardening agents, foaming agents, water-reducing agents, starch, retarders, etc.
Step 6: A top or face paper and a bottom or back paper are provided on the upper and lower sides respectively, and gypsum slurry is injected to form continuous wet boards, which are hardened, wet boards transfer handling and cutting, dried in a drying oven, and cut and trimmed to produce gypsum boards. According to the ASTM-C471M standard, the gypsum board produced by the present invention contains more than 10% alpha hemihydrate calcium sulfate.
The limestone (Calcium Carbonate) used in the present invention can be replaced with substances containing Calcium Carbonate, including minerals such as limestone, marble, Iceland spar or biological calcium oyster shell powder, etc.
The slaked lime (Ca(OH)2) used in the present invention can be replaced with quicklime (CaO(s)) because slaked lime is produced by adding water to quicklime: CaO(s)+H2O(1)→Ca(OH)2(s).
While several embodiments have been described by way of example, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications may be configured without departing from the spirit as defined by the appended claims.
