Synthetic plasmids and transformants comprising a feline interferon cDNA

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a synthetic plasmid and its transformant aiming at mass-producing an interferon (IFN) in which the primary structure of protein is derived from feline genetic information (hereinafter abbreviated to FeIFN) as a medicine (antiviral drug) by gene manipulation technology. This invention further relates to a gene encoding the FeIFN.
An interferon is a physiologically active substance whose main ingredient is a protein showing antiviral activity and is abbreviated to IFN. And, many literatures have been so far published on the interferon, for example, as Literature 1.
By the progress of gene manipulation technology, the mass production of not only a human IFN but also IFNs of animals such as cattle (Literature 2), horse (Literature 3), dog (Literature 3), etc. became possible. As the result, exploitative researches into the use of IFN as remedies for vital disease, tumor, etc. are carried out with respect to some animals (Literature 4).
With respect to experiments in cats, interferon-.alpha., -.beta. and -.gamma. are reported (Literature 5).
However, there has been no report yet that the mass production of a feline IFN is possible by the application of gene manipulation.
With respect to cat, it is known that there are many vital diseases including FLTV (Literature 6), feline leukemia, feline viral rhinotracheitis, feline caliciviral disease and feline infectious peritonitis (Literature 7).
In such circumstances, there has been a report on a case in which the life of a cat infected with FeLV was prolonged by the oral administration of human IFN-.alpha. or bovine IFN-.beta. (Literature 8). If the IFN is administered not orally but by internal injection, it is readily apprehensive that the production of a neutralizing antibody against a heterologous IFN takes place though a more striking effect is expected. If a homologous IFN, that is, a feline IFN becomes readily available, it is expected that the uses of the feline IFN as an antiviral agent and an antitumor agent for a cat are opened.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In view of such circumstances as above, the present inventors sought technology for the purpose of mass-producing a FeIFN. That is, they prepared a feline C-DNA library by using a commercially available plasmid vector, from which they successfully isolated a plasmid capable of producing an FeIFN by transient expression in cultered simian cells. Furthermore, they succeeded in preparing an FeIFN-producing Chinese hamster ovary cell by using the plasmid to establish a method for mass-producing an FeIFN simply. Whereby, they completed the present invention.
That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a plasmid making a simian cell express transiently to produce an FeIFN, a transformant of Escherichia coil carrying this plasmid, a Chinese hamster cell transformed with this plasmid, an FeIFN obtained from these transformants, an FeIFN gene encoding a specific amino acid sequence, an FeIFN precursor comprised of a cleavable peptide or a signal peptide being linked to the N terminal of the FeIFN, an FeIFN precursor gene encoding the FeIFN precursor and a method for producing the FeIFN.
According to the present invention, the mass production of an FeIFN becomes possible, so that an antiviral agent and an antitumor agent for a cat can be obtained readily.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a restriction map of a synthetic plasmid pFeIFN 1 according to the present invention,
FIGS. 2 to 6 show preparation procedures for an expression plasmid pFeIFN 2 for Escherichia coli according to the present invention,
FIG. 7 shows a gene sequence and an amino acid sequence of a feline IFN, and,
FIG. 8 shows a gene sequence and an amino acid sequence of a feline IFN precursor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present synthetic plasmid contains a DNA encoding proteins of an FeIFN can be produced, for example, as follows. That is, poly(A).sup.+ RNA is extracted from cells of a cat to prepare a C-DNA library utilizing a so-called expression plasmid vector by using Escherichia coli as a host. From this library, a plasmid having an ability to make a simian COS cell express transiently to produce an antiviral activity can be selected. One of these plasmids having such an activity as above is pFeIFN1 and a transformant Escherichia coli carrying pFeIFN1 is E. coli (pFeIFN1) whose accession number is FERM BP-1633.
An FeIFN-producing cell obtained by the transformation with the present synthetic plasmid can be produced as follows. In case of a host cell being an eucaryotic cell, the FeIFN-producing cell can be produced, for example, by transfecting a plasmid extracted from the foregoing E. coli (pFeIFN1) to a DHFR defective mutant cell of CHO strain derived from a Chinese hamster. In case of a host cell being a procaryotic cell, an FeIFN-producing Escherichia coli can be produced, for example, by ligating a DNA encoding protein of an FeIFN with a general Escherichia coli expression vector to transform the Escherichia coli.
The production of an FeIFN is carried out by incubating the foregoing FeIFN-producing cell.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in "in order".
With respect to gene manipulation techniques and cell technology techniques, there are many experimentation manuals including Literatures 9 and 10, so that the conventional techniques can be applied.
A C-DNA library prepared according to an ordinary method using reverse transcriptase by making Escherichia coli and poly(A).sup.+ RNA extracted from a feline cell act as a host and a substrate respectively.
As a feline cell as a donor of poly (A).sup.+ RNA, for example, an established cultured cell such as LSA (Literature 5) is convenient for use. However, the feline cell to be used in the present invention is not restricted to the LSA. In case of obtaining poly(A).sup.+ RNA from a cultured cell, it is convenient to investigate an interferon inducer suitable for the cell to thereby attempt increasing the yield of IFN mRNA. For example, in case of an LSA cell, the use of NDV (New Castle-disease Virus), TPA (12-O-tetra-decanoylphorbol 13-acetate) or the like as an inducer at the time of incubation is advantageous for the increase in the yield of IFN mRNA. As a plasmid vector, it is convenient to use one allowing replication and expression in an animal cell and a replicating ability in Escherichia coli, for example, a commercially available plasmid vector such as Okayama-Berg vectors manufactured by Pharmacia Inc. As a host microorganism, E. coli K-12 can be used.
The cloning of a plasmid carrying a C-DNA encoding a FeIFN can be carried out by screening a plasmid giving antiviral activity-producing ability to the simian established cell COS1 or COS7 (Literature 18) through the transient expression from a C-DNA library. The transient expression of an FeIFN with a plasmid can be carried out according to ordinary methods such as DEAE-dextran method of Literature 14 and calcium phosphate method of Literature 13. E. coli (pFeIFN1) (FERM BP-1633) is an example of a transformant that contains a plasmid which can make COS1 cells produce antiviral activity through the transient expression of FeIFN. The determination of antiviral activity can be carried out by using a feline cultured cell and VSV (Literature 5) and applying ordinary methods such as CPE method described in Literature 12 and the like.
An FeIFN-producing eukaryotic cell can be screened as a transformant having antiviral activity-producing ability from clones transformed to be DHFR-positive by cotransfecting the strain CHO-DUK-XB-11 having a DHFR defective mutation with a plasmid pFeIFN1 extracted from an Escherichia coli transformant of FERM BP-1633 according to an ordinary method such as that of Literature 17, for example, together with a plasmid having DHFR-expressing ability such as pAdD26SVA (Literature 20).
An FeIFN-producing cell of a procaryotic type can be prepared by selecting a transformant having antiviral activity-producing ability from among transformants obtained by transforming E. coli. K-12 with an synthetic plasmid prepared according to a common gene manipulation of ligating a DNA part encoding protein of an FeIFN, that is, from a plasmid pFeIFN1, into to a so-called expression vector for Escherichia coli, for example, pMT1, described in FIG. 3 downstream of the promoter regulations expression of the inserter DNA.
The production of an FeIFN can be carried out by incubating a Chinese hamster transformant CHO-FeIFN (FERM BP-1634) in a medium in which an established CHO cell grows, preferably in a commercially available medium such as MEM-.alpha. medium (manufactured by GIBCO Inc., Cat. No. 410-2000) containing 5 to 10% FBS. In case of a transformant being Escherichia coli, an FeIFN can be produced by incubating the transformant in an ordinary medium in which Escherichia coli proliferates including, for example, LB medium and M9 medium and then disintegrating the bacterial cells. Furthermore, the productivity of an FeIFN can be boosted by the use of an inducer such as indoleacrylic acid for tip promoter driven expression or the like.
The produced FeIFN can be purified according to an ordinary method. For example, methods such as affinity chromatography and the like are used preferably. Among those methods, a method using a carrier to which a blue pigment is bonded (hereinafter abbreviated to "blue carrier"), a carrier to which a copper is bonded (hereinafter abbreviated to "copper chelate carrier"), a carrier to which a red pigment is bonded (hereinafter abbreviated to "red carrier") or the like is used particularly preferably. These carriers may be used independently. However, it is preferable to use them in combination in order to increase the purification effect. It is particularly preferable to adopt a method in which blue carrier-using chromatography, copper chelate carrier-using chromatography and red carrier-using chromatography are carried out successively.
As blue carriers, the following are used. The blue pigment is given the general name of CI reactive blue 2. As examples thereof, a blue pigment marketed by Ciba-Geigy under the tradename of "Cibacron Blue F3GA" or "Cibacron Blue 3GA" and the like can be enumerated. As blue carriers to be used in chromatography, blue agarose gels marketed under the tradenames of "Blue Sepharose CL-6B" (Pharmacia Inc.), "Matrex gel Blue A" (Amicon Inc.), "Affigel Blue" (Biorad Inc.), etc.; blue cellulose gels marketed under the tradenames of "Blue Trisacryl M" (LKB Inc.), "Blue Cellulofine" (Chisso Corp.), etc.; etc. are suitable and readily available.
As the copper chelate carrier, the ones prepared by treating carriers composed of exchangers having chelating ability, e.g., biscarboxymethylamine group �--N(CH.sub.2 COOH).sub.2 ! and the like being bonded to agarose, cellulose, polyacrylamide gel and the like with a solution of copper salt such as copper sulfate and the like can be enumerated. Among these, an isoluble polysaccharide carrier such as "Chelating Sepharose" (manufactured by Pharmacia Inc.) or the like chelated with copper is used preferably.
As the red carrier, the following are used. The red carrier is given the general name of CI reactive red 120. As examples thereof, a red carrier marketed by ICI Inc. under the tradename of "Procion Red HE-3B", etc. can be enumerated. As carriers to which this pigment is bonded, for example, gels marketed under the tradenames of "Red Sepharose CL-6B" (Pharmacia Inc.), "Matrex Gel Red A" (Amicon Inc.), "Red Toyopearl" (Tosoh K. K.), etc. are suitable and readily available.
The purification of an FeIFN according to chromatography is carried out as follows. That is, a solution containing a FeIFN is adsorbed on the above carrier by contact firstly. The adsorption may be done by either batch method or column method. However, the column method can yield higher adsorption efficiency. Then, the adsorbed FeIFN is eluted with an eluent.
The elution of the adsorbed FeIFN from the blue carrier or the red carrier is dependent on the pH value V, the ionic strength and the hydrophobicity of an eluent to be used. For example, the adsorbed FeIFN is eluted at pH 6 to 7 at a higher ionic strength. The ionic strength can be increased by raising the concentration of a buffer such as phosphate buffer, acetate buffer, citrate buffer, borate buffer or the like or by the addition of a neutral salt such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride or the like (0.2 to 1.0M). In case of an eluent containing a solvent such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or the like that weakens the hydrophobic interaction, the elution at pH 5 to 7 becomes possible.
The elution of the adsorbed FeIFN from the copper chelate carrier is usually carried out with an acidic buffer such as phosphate buffer, acetate buffer, citrate buffer or the like preferably below pH 5. However, the elution at a much higher pH becomes possible at a higher ionic strength.
The composition, the concentration and the amount of an eluent is not restricted particularly. That is, a composition effective for removing impure proteins contained in a crude FeIFN, a concentration required to maintain the pH and the amount of an eluent required to substantially recover the adsorbed FeIFN are employed.
EXAMPLES
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically, referring to examples.
Example 1
(1) Preparation of Feline C-DNA Library
A feline cell LSA-D4-K17 (Literature 5) as a donor of poly (A).sup.+ RNA was proliferated by spinner culture in 200 ml of MEM-L15 medium (50% Eagle's MEM-50% Leibovitz medium) containing 10% FBS. When the cell concentration reached 10.sup.5 to 10.sup.6 /ml, TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate manufactured by Sigma Chemical Co.) was added to a final concentration of 5 ng/ml. After continuing the incubation for an additional 20 hours, the cells were harvested by centrifugation. From the harvested cells, poly(A).sup.+ RNAs were extracted by a modification of guanidiumthiocyanate method described in Literature 15. That is, 3 to 5.times.10.sup.8 cells were suspended in 20 ml of 5 mM sodium citrate-0.5% sodium sarkosyl-0.1M mercaptoethanol-6M guanidinethiocyanate and then homogenized by passage of the suspension through an 18G injection needle 10 times. After pouring 1/3 vol. of 0.1M EDTA (pH 7.5)-5.7M CsCl into a polyallomer centrifuge tube, the cell homogenate was layered thereon. The tube and contents were then centrifuged at 35,000 rpm at 20.degree. C. for 20 hours in a Hitachi RPS40T rotor. RNA fractions packed at the bottom of the tube were dissolved in 1 ml of TE (10 mM Tris.HCl-1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5). After mixing the solution with 0.1 ml of 3M sodium acetate solution, the solution was further mixed with 2.5 vol. of cold ethanol and then allowed to stand at -20.degree. C. for 2 hours. A pellet formed at the bottom of the tube by centrifugation was dissolved in 1 ml of TE, incubated at 65.degree. C. for 4 minutes and then ice-cooled. After adding 1 ml of TE to the pellet treated as above, equivalent volume of 1.0M NaCl was mixed thereinto. The resultant mixture was passed through a column packed with 0.5 ml of oligo(dT) cellulose (Type 3, manufactured by Collaborative Research Inc.) equilibrated with 0.5M NaCl-TE to make poly(A).sup.+ RNAs adsorb on the column. After washing the column with 10 ml of 0.5M NaCl-TE, the adsorbed poly(A).sup.+ RNAs were eluted with 5 ml of TE. The poly(A).sup.+ RNAs pelleted according to the ethanolic precipitation method were dissolved in 30 .mu.l of TE and preserved at -80.degree. C. From 7.times.1O.sup.8 m cells 300 .mu.g of poly(A).sup.+ RNA were obtained. The connection of a poly(A).sup.+ RNA to a plasmid vector and the synthesis of C-DNA were carried out by using commercially available plasmid primers and linkers in the light of Literature 14. That is, 5 .mu.l of 5 mg/ml poly(A).sup.+ RNA was poured into a 1.5 ml Eppendorf tube, to which water was then so added that the total volume might reach 20 .mu.l. After incubating the resultant solution at 65.degree. C. for 3 minutes, the incubated solution was equilibrated to room temperature. To this incubated solution, were added 4 .mu.l of 0.3M Tris.HCl buffer (pH 8.3)-80 mM MgCl.sub.2 -0.3M KCl-3 mM dithiothreitol, 2 .mu.g (3 .mu.l) of oligo(dT)tailed pcDV1 plasmid primer (manufactured by Pharmacia Inc.), 4 .mu.l of mixture of each 25 mM dATP, dTTP, dGTP and dCTP, 2 .mu.l of �.alpha.-.sup.32 P!dCTP, 3 .mu.l of water and 4 .mu.l of 18 unit/.mu.l reverse transcriptase (manufactured by Seikagaku Kogyo K. K.) in order. Thus prepared solution was incubated at 42.degree. C. for 1 hour to carry out the enzymatic reaction. After terminating the reaction by the addition of 4 .mu.l of 0.25M EDTA and 2 .mu.l of 10% SDS, phenol-chloroform extraction was carried out. 40 .mu.l of 4M ammomium acetate and 160 .mu.l of ethanol was added to the separated aqueous layer after phenol-chloroform extraction procedure, which was then cooled in dry ice for 15 minutes. Thus treated aqueous layer was equilibrated to room temperature and then centrifuged in a microcentrifuge for 10 minutes. After decanting the supernatant, the pellet was dissolved in 20 .mu.l of water. To this solution, were added 20 .mu.l of 4M ammonium acetate and 80 .mu.l of ethanol to carry out the ethanol precipitation again. The resultant pellet was washed with ethanol, dried and then dissolved in 10 .mu.l of water.
To this solution, were added 2 .mu.l of 1.4M sodium cacodylate-0.3M Tris.HCl buffer (pH 6.8)-1 mM dithiothreitol, 1 .mu.l of 200 .mu.g/ml polyadenylic acid (manufactured by Seikagaku Kogyo K. K.), 1 .mu.l of 20 mM CoCl.sub.2, 1.4 .mu.l of 1 mM dCTP, 0.5 .mu.l of 400 Ci/mmol �.alpha.-.sup.32 P!dCTP in order. After making the total volume of the solution reach 20 .mu.l by adding water, 0.8 .mu.l of 27 unit/.mu.l terminal nucleotidyl transferase was added thereto. The mixture solution was incubated at 37.degree. C. for 5 minutes and the enzymatic reaction was terminated by placing the culture in ice. The number of dCMP residue added to the 3' end of the cDNA was calculated to be 12, on average, according to Literature 14. From the reaction solution, nucleic acids were recovered according to phenol-chloroform extraction method and double ethanol precipitation method.
The nucleic acids were dissolved in 40 .mu.l of 10 mM Tris.HCl (pH 8.0)-60 mM NaCl-10 mM MgCl.sub.2 -1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol solution, to which 10 units of Hind III restriction enzyme was added. After incubating thus prepared solution at 37.degree. C. for 3 hours, DNAs were recovered by the phenol-chloroform extraction and double ethanol precipitation. The recovered DNAs were washed with ethanol, dried and then dissolved in 10 .mu.l of TE buffer.
To this solution, 5 .mu.l of 2M NaCl, 81 .mu.l of TE buffer and 4 .mu.l of commercially available 3'-oligo(dg)tailed pL1 linker (manufactured by Pharmacia Inc.) were added in order. After heating the mixture solution firstly at 65.degree. C. for 5 minutes and then at 42.degree. C. for 1 hour, this solution was ice-cooled. To the ice-cooled solution, 100 .mu.l of 0.2 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5)-40 mM MgCl.sub.2 -0.1M ammonium sulfate1M KCl, 7 .mu.l of 14 mM .beta.-NAD, 50 .mu.l of 1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin solution and 6 .mu.l of 1 mg/ml E. coli DNA ligase were added in order, to which water was so added that the total volume might reach 1 ml. The resultant solution was incubated over-night at 12.degree. C.
To this reaction solution, 2 .mu.l of mixed solution of each 25 mM dATP, dGTP, dTTP and dCTP, 3 .mu.l of 14 mM .beta.-NAD, 0.7 .mu.l of 35 unit/.mu.l E. coli DNA polymerase (manufactured by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.), 2.4 .mu.l of 2.5 units/.mu.l E. coli RNase H (manufactured by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.) and 4 .mu.l of 1 mg/ml E. coli DNA ligase were added in order. After incubating thus prepared solution firstly at 12.degree. C. for 1 hour and then at 25.degree. C. for 1 hour, the reaction solution was preserved at -20.degree. C.
After carrying out the transformation reaction by adding 100 .mu.l of the preserved reaction solution to 1 ml of suspension of E. coli MC1061 (Literature 16) which was made to be competent according to the method of Literature 15, this reaction solution was poured into 250 ml of LB medium containing 100 .mu.g/ml ampicillin and then incubated overnight at 37.degree. C. To 10 ml of this culture, 0.7 ml of DMSO was added. This portion was preserved at -80.degree. C. as a cDNA library.
(2) Cloning
A portion of thus prepared cDNA library solution was so spread on ten 9-cm diam. LB plates that 1,000 to 2,000 colonies might be formed in each plate. After incubating these plates overnight at 37.degree. C., the grown colonies were scraped off in every petri dish and respectively suspended in each 10 ml of LB media. 3 ml of this suspension was mixed with 0.21 ml of DMSO and then cryopreserved. The remaining suspensions were respectively mixed with each 100 ml of LB media each containing 100 .mu.g/ml ampicillin and then incubated overnight at 37.degree. C. Cells were harvested from respective culture media, and plasmids were extracted and purified from the harvested cells according to the method of Literature 17. Each 30 .mu.g of these plasmids were subjected to the transient expression of COS1 cells proliferated to the confluent state in 9 cm petri dishes by applying the DEAE dextran-transfection method of Literature 14, whereby the FeIFN-producing ability of respective plasmid DNA samples was determined.
That is, after proliferating COS1 cells to the confluent state in 20 ml of RPMI1640 (manufactured by GIBCO Inc.) medium containing 10% FBS in a 9 cm diam. petri dish, the medium was removed therefrom and then 4 ml of RPMI1640 medium containing 5 .mu.g/ml plasmid DNA sample, 50 mM Tris.HCl buffer (pH 7.4), 400 .mu.g/ml DEAE-dextran (manufactured by Pharmacia Inc.) was poured in the petri dish to continue the incubation at 37.degree. C. for 4 hours. The medium was exchanged with 4 ml of RPMI1640 containing 150 .mu.M chloroquine. After a 3-hour incubation at 37.degree. C., the medium was further exchanged with an RPMI1640 medium containing 10% FBS. After the incubation at 37.degree. C. for 3 days, the antiviral activity in the medium was determined. All of the RPMI1640 media mentioned above were used by adding 100 unit/ml penicillin and 100 .mu.g/ml streptomycin.
As the result, 3 out of 10 culture media showed antiviral activity of 20 unit/ml or more, so that the concerned cryopreserved cDNA library solutions were screened for Escherichia coli carrying a plasmid giving antiviral activity-producing ability to the COS1 cell in the following manner.
That is, 1 out of 3 cryopreserved cDNA library solutions carrying plasmids producing the activity was diluted, so spread on 10 LB plates each containing 100 .mu.g/ml ampicillin that approx. 600 colonies might be formed per plate and then incubated overnight at 37.degree. C. After preparing replicas thereof as preservation plates, cells were scraped off in every plate, suspended in each 5 ml of LB media and then mixed with each 100 ml of LB media respectively containing 100 .mu.g/ml ampicillin. After incubating thus treated cells overnight at 37.degree. C., the resultant cells were harvested to extract and purify plasmids therefrom. Each 20 .mu.g per petri dish of these 10 kinds of plasmids were subjected to the transient expression of COS1 cells according to the DEAE-dextran method, whereby the FeIFN-producing ability was determined.
As the result, 1 out of 10 plasmid samples were recognized to have the FeIFN-producing ability, so that 593 colonies in the concerned preservation plate were transplanted to fresh LB plates containing ampicillin by using tooth picks in the ratio of approx. 100 colonies per fresh plate. After an overnight incubation at 37.degree. C., cells scraped off from every plate and then incubated overnight in each 100 ml of ampicillin containing-LB medium. From the harvested cells, plasmids were extracted and purified. The antiviral activity-producing ability of each plasmid was determined according to the transient expression method.
As the result, one plasmid sample was recognized to have the antiviral activity-producing ability, so that each 100 colonies of the concerned preservation plate were incubated in each 2 ml of LB medium. From these media, plasmids were extracted. The antiviral activity-producing ability of each extracted plasmid was determined according to the transient expression method. A plasmid having the highest antiviral activity-producing ability and an Escherichia coli carrying the plasmid were respectively designated as pFeINF1 and E. coli (pFeINF1), and this strain was deposited in the Fermentation Research Institute (FERM BP-1633).
(3) Method for Antiviral Activity Determination
The antiviral activity was determined by using Vesicular Stomatitis Virus as a virus and a feline Fc9 cell (Literature 5) as a sensitive cell according to CPE method. As a standard reference, an HuIFN-.alpha. calculated in terms of NIH's human natural .alpha.IFN was used.
(4) FeIFN Production by CHO Cells
A CHO cell strain DUK-XB-11 (Literature 18) as a DHFR defective mutant, which was subcultured at a dilution rate of 1/10 in a 12-well plate by using MEM.alpha. medium (manufactured by GIBCO Inc., Cat. No. 410-1900) containing 10% FBS and then cultured for 3 days, was cotransfected with 5 .mu.g of pFeINF1 and 0.5 .mu.g of pAdD26SVA carrying a DHFR gene (Literature 20) by applying the calcium phosphate method of Literature 13. After a 1-day incubation, the culture was transplanted to a selective medium of nucleic acid constituent-free MEM.alpha. (manufactured by GIBCO Inc., Cat. No. 410-2000) containing 10% FBS. In the course of incubation, the medium was exchanged twice. After a 10-day incubation in a 9 cm diam. petri dish, 147 colonies were obtained. From among these colonies, 16 colonies were transplanted to 24-well plates and then incubated for 3 to 4 days until the plates became confluent. As a result of determining the antiviral activity of the culture media, 8 culture media were recognized to have an activity of 10,000 unit/ml or more. Active clones were purified according to the single colony isolation method. One of the purified colonies was designated as CHO-FeIFN and deposited on Dec. 23, 1987 in the Fermentation Research Institute, 1-3, Higashi 1-chome, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305, JAPAN (FERM BP-1634).
(5) pFeIFN1
The pFeINF1 has a size of 4.3 Kb, and the restriction map thereof is shown in FIG. 1.
Example 2
(1) Preparation of a Fragment Including FeIFN Structure gene
From the plasmid pFeINF1 shown in FIG. 1, the fragment containing a part of FeIFN structure genes was prepared according to the method shown in FIG. 2.
That is, 100 .mu.g of plasmid pFeINF1 was completely digested with the restriction enzymes BamHI and Eco0109. The resulting DNA fragments were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis and the DNA fragment of approx. 1 Kb was extracted by electroelution to recover approx. 20 .mu.g of DNA fragment.
Then, the recovered 20 .mu.g of DNA fragment was completely digested with the restriction enzyme HincII. Among the obtained DNA fragments, those of. approx. 630 bp were treated in the same manner as above to recover approx. 15 .mu.g of DNA fragment. In such manners as above, Eco0109-HincII fragment containing a downstream part of FeIFN to the Eco0109 site was obtained.
(2) Preparation of Plasmid pMT1
A vector pMT1 which has SD sequence required for translation downstream from a tryptophan promoter and into which a synthetic oligomer containing the translation initiation codon ATG and a recognition site for 5 kinds of restriction enzymes were inserted downstream to the SD sequence was prepared.
After digesting a human interferon-.beta. expression plasmid pKM6 (Jap. Pat. Appln. Laid-open No. 19487/1986) with BglII, the digested site was made to be a blunt end with an E. coli DNA polymerase I large fragment (Klenow) enzyme. A pHindIII linker, i.e., d(pC-A-A-G-C-T-T-G) was ligated to the blunt end. After digestion with ClaI and HindIII, the larger fragment was separated by agarose gel electrophoresis.
On the other hand, 2 pieces of oligomers, each of which was so designed that it might contain a translation initiation codon ATG, ClaI site at 5'-end, HindIII site at 3'-end and KpnI, SmaI and BamHI sites inside were synthesized according to the solid phase method, were heated at 60.degree. C. for 5 minutes and then gradually cooled so as to anneal them. The larger fragment and the synthesized fragment were ligated with a T4 DNA ligase to obtain pMT1.
(3) Preparation of ClaI-SmaI fragment from pMT1
As shown in FIG. 4, 50 .mu.g of plasmid pMT1 was completely digested with restriction enzymes ClaI and SmaI and subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis to remove smaller DNA fragments. As the result, approx. 40 .mu.g of the desired DNA fragment was recovered to obtain ClaI-EcoRI fragments containing a tryptophan promoter as an E. coli expression promoter.
(4) Preparation of ClaI-EcoRI Fragment at N Terminal
This part was synthesized on the basis of the results of the determination of base sequences of DNA on the upstream of Eco0109 site in an FeIFN structural gene integrated in the plasmid pFeINF1.
That is, a DNA fragment which contains initiation codon ATG at its N terminal, ClaI site next to the initiation codon and Eco0109 site was synthesized by annealing 43 mer and 44 mer synthetic DNAs as shown in FIG. 5.
(5) Preparation of Plasmid pFeIFN2
As shown in FIG. 6, the ligation with T4-DNA ligase was carried out by using 3 DNA fragments obtained in the above (1), (3) and (4). Here, the ligation was possible because the SmaI and the HincII ends are both blunt ends. The reaction solution was mixed with E. coli MC1061 which was made to be competent to carry out the transformation reaction. Clones grown in an LB plate containing 100 .mu.g/ml ampicillin were incubated overnight at 37.degree. C. in 2 ml of LB medium containing 100 .mu.g/ml ampicillin. From the culture, plasmids were extracted according to alkaline miniscreen method. The extracted plasmids were digested with ClaI and HindIII to screen for clones in which DNA fragments having the desired size were integrated. 3 clones were selected from among the obtained clones and subjected to DNA sequencing with respect to approx. 150 bases containing ClaI-Eco0109 fragments to confirm that the desired plasmids were obtained.
(6) Expression of Plasmid pFeINF2
The strain HB101 transformed with plasmid pFeINF2 was incubated in 10 ml of LB medium containing 100 .mu.g/ml ampicillin at 30.degree. C. for 8 hours. Then, the culture was deluted in 50 ml of 2.times.M9 medium (0.6% KH.sub.2 PO.sub.4, 1.2% Na.sub.2 HPO.sub.4, 0.2% NH.sub.4 Cl, 0.1% NaCl, 1% casamino acid, 1% glucose, 0.25 .mu.g/ml MgSO.sub.4. 7H.sub.2 O, 0.01 .mu.g/ml thiamine) at the inoculum size 5% and aerobically incubated overnight at 25.degree. C. When the OD.sub.550 reached 8 to 10 and then 1% glucose was added to the medium, the pH of the medium was adjusted to 7.0 and 20 .mu.g/ml indoleacrylic acid was added thereto. After an 8-hour cultivation, cells were harvested and lysed by freeze-thawing and lyzozyme treatment and the lysate was subjected to centrifugation to remove cell debris. As a result of determining the antiviral activity of the supernatant, it was found that 1.2.times.10.sup.4 unit/ml (culture medium) of FeIFN was produced.
Example 3
Determination of cDNA Base Sequence of FeIFN
A BamHI fragment isolated from the pFeINF1 was inserted into a sequencing vector pUC 18 (manufactured by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.). In the thus processed vector, the nucleotide sequence of the FEIFN CDNA was determined by the dideoxy sequencing method using a 7-DEAZA sequencing kit (manufactured by Takara Shuzo Co., Ltd.). Parts having indiscernible autoradiographic bands were confirmed according to Maxam-Gilbert method. Whereby, the DNA base sequence shown in FIG. 8 was determined.
Example 4
After proliferating COS1 cells in 20 ml of RPMI1640 medium (manufactured by GIBCO inc.) containing 10% FBS in a 15 cm petri dish so that the dish might become confluent, the medium was removed therefrom and then 4 ml of RPMI1640 medium containing 7.5 .mu.g/ml plasmid pFeINF1 obtained in Example 1; 50 mM Tris.HCl buffer (pH 7.4) and 300 .mu.g/ml DEAE-dextran (manufactured by Pharmacia Inc.) was poured into the dish to continue the incubation at 37.degree. C. for 4 hours. Then, the medium was changed with 4 ml of RPMI1640 medium containing 150 .mu.M chloroquine. After continuing the incubation at 37.degree. C. for 3 hours, the medium was changed with a RPMI1640 medium containing 10% FBS and the incubation was continued at 37.degree. C. for 3 days. All of the above RPMI1640 media were used by adding thereto 100 unit/ml penicillin and 100 .mu.g/ml streptomycin.
After the completion of the incubation, the supernatant was obtained. This crude FeIFN solution contained the FeIFN activity of 2.6.times.10.sup.4 U/ml and had the specific activity of 2.3.times.10.sup.4 U/mg protein. 18 L of this solution was loaded to a column containing 500 ml of Blue Sepharose (fast flow type). After washing the column with 5 L of 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 0.5M sodium chloride, the adsorbed FeIFN was eluted with 0.5 L of 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 1M sodium chloride and 1.0 L of 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH7.0) containing 1M sodium chloride and 20% ethylene glycol. The eluted FeIFN contained the FeIFN activity of 2.3.times.10.sup.5 U/ml and had the specific activity of 2.8.times.10.sup.6 U/mg protein. The recovery of FeIFN activity reached 75% and the specific activity was raised 121-fold.
Then, 1.5 L of FeIFN eluate from the blue carrier was directly loaded to a column containing 70 ml of Sepharose chelated with copper. After washing this column with 20 mM acetate buffer (pH 3.9) containing 0.5M sodium chloride, the adsorbed FeIFN was eluted with 210 ml of 20 mM acetate buffer (pH 3.6) containing 0.5M sodium chloride. The eluted FeIFN contained the FeIFN activity of 1.2.times.10.sup.6 U/ml and had the specific activity of 7.1.times.10.sup.7 U/mg protein. The recovery of FeIFN activity reached 77% and the specific activity was raised by 23-fold.
Furthermore, 210 ml of FeIFN eluate from the copper chelate carrier was loaded to a column containing 15 ml of Red Sepharose (fast flow type). After washing this column with 200 ml of phosphate-buffered saline solution (pH 7.0), the adsorbed FeIFN was eluted with 15 ml of 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 1M sodium chloride and 40% ethylene glycol. The eluted FeIFN contained the FeIFN activity of 2.0.times.10.sup.7 U/ml and had the specific activity of 5.9.times.10.sup.8 U/mg protein. The recovery of FeIFN activity reached 95% and the specific activity was raised 11-fold. The total increase in specific activity obtained by the purification is >33,000-fold.
REFERENTIAL LITERATURES
1. Shigeyasu Kobayashie (ed.), 1985. Science of Interferon, Kodansha Scientifics. Kodansha, Tokyo.
2. Official Gazette of Jap. Pat. Appln. Laid-open No. 224690/1983.
3. Official Gazette of Jap. Pat. Appln. Laid-open No. 501469/1987.
4. A. J. Liberson and A. J. Spiliotes, 1987. Spectrum, Feb. 1-21.about.1-23. In Arthur D. Little's Decision Resources, U. S. A.
5. J. K. Yamamoto et al, 1986. Vet. Immunol. and Immunopathol. 11, pp. 1.about.9.
6. N. Pedersen et al, 1987. Science 235, pp. 790.about.793.
7. Shinichiro Konishi, 1985. Vital Diseases of Dogs and Cats. Gakusousha, Tokyo.
8. V. P. Steed, 1987. Feline Practice 17, pp. 24.about.30.
9. T. Maniatis et al (eds.), 1982. Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York.
10. The Japanese Biochemical Society (eds.), 1986. Genetic Research Method II in Lectures on Biochemical Experiment, 2nd series, vol. 1. Tokyo Kagakudojin, Tokyo.
11. The Japanese Biochemical Society (eds.), 1987. Genetic Research Method III in Lectures on Biochemical Experiment, 2nd series, vol. 1. Tokyo Kagakudojin, Tokyo.
12. The Japanese Biochemical Society (eds.), 1987. Lectures on Biochemical Experiment, 2nd series, vol. 5, pp. 250.about.256. Tokyo Kagakudojin, Tokyo.
13. F. L. Graham et al, (1973). Virology 54, pp. 536.about..
14. Pages 221.about.236 of Literature 11.
15. Katsuya Shigesada, 1983. Saibo Kogaku (Cell Technology) 2, pp. 616.about.629.
16. M. J. Casadaban et al., 1980. J. Mol. Biol. 138, pp. 179.about.207.
17. Pages 86.about.96 of Literature 9.
18. G. Urlaub and L. A. Chasin, 1980. ProNAS, 77, pp. 4216.about.4220.
19. Y. Gluzman, 1981. Cell, 23, pp. 175.about.182.
20. R. J. Kaufman and P. A. Sharp, 1982. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2, pp. 1304.about.1319.

Number	Date	Country
62-336297	Dec 1987	JPX
63-171490	Jul 1988	JPX
63-262057	Oct 1988	JPX

Number	Name	Date
4861720	Pederson et al.	Aug 1989
5194381	Yanai et al.	Mar 1993
5480956	Yanai et al.	Jan 1996
5508291	Yanai et al.	Apr 1996

Synthetic plasmids and transformants comprising a feline interferon cDNA

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Horiuchi, T., et al. (1987) Ag. Biol. Chem. 51 (6): 1573-1580.
Yamamoto et al., "A Feline Retrovirus Induced . . . ," Vet Immunol. and Immunopathol., 11 (1986) pp. 1-19.
Yasuda et al., "Partial purification and characterization . . . , " Prep. Biochem., vol. 16, No. 3, (1986), pp. 217-226.
Yasuda et al., Clin. Exp. Immunol. 69: 240-245 (1987).
Weiss et al., Am. Journal of Vet. Res. 49 (b) : 1329-1335 (1988).
Interferons and their Actions, Stewart, ed. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, (1977) pp. 6, 50, 61-66, 93, 120, 183, 184.
177 USPQ 281 (CCPA 1973), In re Davies. Pestka, Arch. of Biochem. and Biophy. 221(1): 1-37 (1983).