The invention relates to a system and apparatus for positioning intermodal containers on the surface of pallets for transport, and more particularly, to a system and apparatus for allowing intermodal containers to be secured to pallets offset from the lateral centerline of said pallets.
Modern transport of freight relies heavily on the use of standardized cargo containers. Trucks, rail cars, ocean-going vessels and aircraft have all been adapted to accommodate such containers with due regard for their standard dimensions and shape. As a result, the movement of containerized cargo has become reliable and cost-effective. A container may be loaded with cargo at a point of origin, transported by truck to a railway station, transported by rail to a seaport, transported by ship to a remote port, transferred again by road or rail to an airport, and transported by aircraft to a remote airport. Standard containers are well adapted to be carried and secured in all of these different modes of transport. Such containers may be reused, and the cargo which they contain need never be handled or unloaded until the container has arrived at its ultimate destination. It is common for multiple containers to be transported in a single vehicle, car, ship or aircraft, and placed side-by-side and/or stacked vertically.
To facilitate movement and transport of such containers, particularly by air, the containers are commonly secured to pallets having standardized construction and dimensions. In a typical aircraft cargo environment, intermodal containers are placed on pallets by suitable lifting equipment, and then secured to the pallet by adjustable straps which surround the container and attach to opposing sides of the pallet. Pallets of this type are well suited to loading and off-loading from aircraft cargo bays, which are typically equipped with floor rollers permitting the pallet and its container load to be conveniently positioned within the cargo hold.
These systems have been in use for decades and have become the worldwide standard for transport of goods over short and long distances. The containers and pallets are rugged and reusable, and have been approved by private and government standards organizations certifying their acceptability and safety. However, as a result, commercial shipping companies are somewhat constrained to the utilization of standardized containers and pallets to conform to shipper and customer expectations and a wide variety of laws and regulations, to insure conformity with the interior dimensions of cargo holds in ships and aircraft.
Devices for locating containers and cargo on pallets are well known in the art, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,644,220 to Gangloff et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 5,755,163 issued to Coats. Efforts to create adjustable pallets have also been made, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,706,738 issued to Rapeli.
In some cargo-carrying vessels, particularly aircraft, the positioning of these containers may present certain difficulties. The positioning and securement of these containers is time consuming and often difficult to accomplish in field conditions. It is desirable, therefore, to construct a system which permits a method of securement that provides ease of installation in minimal time, while enhancing safety and at the same time minimizing the weight of the overall pallet load. It is likewise desirable to be able to reliably position each container in proper relationship to the pallet on which it is mounted, and to adjust the positional relationship between container and pallet to allow the container's position to be adjusted somewhat in relation to the pallet, so that the container may properly fit within the available cargo space.
The orientation and positioning of containers in aircraft is problematic because of the curvature inherent in the cargo compartments of aircraft as a result of the shape of the aircraft fuselage, which tends to be somewhat circular in cross-section. As a result, rectangular containers, if incorrectly positioned, when palletized, may come into contact with the interior structure of aircraft cargo compartments, creating the potential for damage and limiting the width of the cargo which may be positioned inside aircraft fuselages. It is desirable, therefore, to be able to securely offset standard containers in relation to pallets, thereby allowing side by side positioning of palletized containers in transport vehicles. It is preferable that solutions to this problem incorporate utilization of existing pallet designs, i.e., imposing no requirement for specialized pallets to accommodate containers. It is preferable that existing containers may be secured to existing pallets with the necessary versatility obtained by the use of adapters which may selectively position containers at desired locations on standard pallets.
Accordingly, it is the object of the present invention to provide an improved system to position and secure a standardized intermodal cargo container in an offset relationship to the pallet on which the container is loaded and transported. It is another object of the present invention to provide a system of removable elements which can be temporarily affixed to any standard pallet to facilitate such offset loading, and allowing the pallet to be used in the conventional fashion without such elements or offset. These and other objects of the present invention will be apparent from the summary and description which follows.
The above and other objects of the present invention are achieved in a preferred embodiment thereof by providing a plurality of specialized adapters positioned at the corners and along one side of a standard intermodal container transport pallet. As utilized herein, the direction “longitudinal” refers to container lengthwise dimensions and directions generally fore and aft in the transport vehicle and the term “lateral” refers to container widthwise dimensions and the direction from side to side in relation to the transport vehicle. While the embodiments herein described are explained in relation to a cargo transport aircraft, the present invention is not so limited and may also be utilized in other transport vehicles, such as trucks, rail cars and ocean-going vessels.
The invention described herein contemplates two or more adapters which are removably positionable at spaced apart locations on the perimeter of a pallet. Preferably, the adapters are secured to the pallet perimeter by locking bars which engage a complimentary track on the perimeter of the pallet. Each adapter is further configured to removably connect to a socket incorporated in the standard container. Securement means interconnect the adapter to the socket, thereby securing the container in relation to the adapter.
In the embodiment, two or more corner elements are utilized, each element referred to as an “adapter”. Each of the adapters is positioned on and removably secured to one corner of a rectangular pallet. Each adapter is configured to be attached to or removed from the pallet, preferably without the need for tools. In the embodiments described herein, locking bars are provided to interconnect the adapters to the pallet. Locking bars serve to interconnect the adapters and the pallet, and permit positioning of the adapters, again without the need for specialized tools. Once in position, the adapters will engage corresponding sockets formed in the containers, thereby restricting vertical, longitudinal or lateral movement of the container in relation to the pallet. The system further comprises a plurality of removable strap brace assemblies which are positioned on one lateral side of the pallet, and which engage straps which secure the container to the pallet. The final elements of the system include a plurality of anchors positioned on the opposite lateral side of the pallet from the strap brace assemblies, and a plurality of flexible restraint straps or webs which extend from the strap brace assembly, over the top of the container, thence connecting to the anchors on the opposing lateral side of the container. Each of said plurality of straps may be tightened using conventional strap-tightening means, to securely hold the container onto the pallet. Because of the geometry of the adapters and the strap brace assemblies, the longitudinal centerline of the container is offset from the longitudinal centerline of the pallet, thereby spacing the outboard wall of the container away from the outboard side of the pallet, and hence, positioning the entire container inboard in relation to the cargo hold of the vehicle in which the combination container and pallet is being transported.
Since the adapters and strap brace assemblies are removable, the pallet may be converted for conventional use, wherein the container is laterally and longitudinally centered on the pallet, i.e., not offset in relation to the pallet.
The above embodiments of the present invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description, as well as the accompanying drawings,
Referring now to
In
In
Protruding from base 52 topside 54 are guide 60 and container engaging member 62. Container engaging member 62 is formed with lightening holes 64 which serve to reduce the overall weight of adapters 50A, 50B. Container engaging member 62 is sized and oriented to engage one corner socket of container 20, thereby restraining container 20 from movement in relation to adapters 50A, 50B and pallet 30. Guide 60 is provided with bevel 63 which collectively serve to facilitate positioning of container 20 in relation to adapters 50A, 50B as container 20 is lowered into position onto pallet 30 and adapters 50A, 50B, 59A and 59B. Engaging members 62 and guide 60 are further provided with locking pin bores 66. Complimentary locking pin holes are formed in the corners of container 20. When container 20 is positioned on pallet 30 and adapters 50A, 50B, 59A and 59B, locking pin holes in container 20 align with locking pin bores 66 in adapters 50A, 50B, 59A and 59B. A locking pin 4 may thus be inserted through the wall of container 20 and locking pin bores 66 of engaging member 62 and guide 60, thereby preventing vertical, longitudinal or axial movement of the container 20 in relation to pallet 30.
It will be appreciated that outboard adapters 50A, 50B are positioned at first outboard corner 54 and second outboard corner 55 in similar fashion.
Protruding from base 252 top side 254 are guide 260 and container engaging member 262. Container engaging member 262 is formed with lightening holes 264 which serve to reduce the overall weight of adapters 59A and 59B. Container engaging member 262 is sized and oriented to engage one corner socket of container 20, thereby restraining container 20 from movement in relation to adapters 59A and 59B, as well as pallet 30. Guide 260 is provided with bevel 263 which collectively serve to facilitate positioning of container 20 in relation to adapters 59A, 59B as container 20 is lowered into position on pallet 30 and onto adapters 50A, 50B, 59A and 59B. Engaging member 262 and guide 260 are further provided with locking pin bores 266. Complimentary locking pin holes are formed in the corners of container 20. When container 20 is positioned on pallet 30 and adapters 50A, 50B, 59A and 59B, locking pin holes in container 20 align with locking pin 4 bores 266 and adapters 50A, 50B, 59A and 59B. A locking pin 4 may thus be inserted through the wall of container 20 and locking bin bores 266 of engaging member 262 and guide 260, thereby preventing vertical, longitudinal or axial movement of the container in relation to pallet 30.
It will be appreciated that inboard adapters 59A and 59B are positioned at first inboard corner 53 and second inboard corner 51 of pallet 30 in a similar fashion. Accordingly, the fore and aft center line 152 of container 20 is positioned laterally offset from centerline 150 of pallet 30. As a result, one side of container 20 is positioned to rest on the “foot” of adapters 59A, 59B, as well as the upper surfaces 101 of strap brace assemblies 100 as will be described in further detail herein. It will be likewise appreciated that inboard adapter 59A is positioned at the pallet second end 94 in the same fashion that first inboard adapter 59B is positioned at the pallet first end 90 of pallet 30.
By so positioning opposing outboard adapters 50 and opposing inboard adapters 59 in their respective corner positions on pallet 30, container 20 may be offset from the center line 150 of pallet 30, yet still be appropriately supported by the pallet 30 and the pallet strap brace assemblies 100. Securement straps 130 may subsequently be installed over the container 20 by securement to the pallet upper and side track 62 as well as to the strap brace assemblies 100 as will be later described
As shown in
To secure the lugs and brace assemblies to the perimeter of the pallet, locking bars of the type depicted in
Also evident from a study of
As shown in the figures, it will be appreciated that by placement of adapters 50A, 50B, 59A, 59B and strap brace assemblies 100, a plurality of flexible straps 130 may be anchored and progressively tightened to restrain container 20 from movement in relation to pallet 30.
It will be appreciated, therefore, that in the present invention a standard pallet constructed for supporting a standard container in the normal configuration wherein the alignment of the longitudinal centerline of the pallet is maintained with the longitudinal centerline of the container, maybe temporarily configured to allow a standard intermodal container to be offset from the longitudinal centerline of the pallet, and hence, offset from the pallet so that the exterior of the container is adequately spaced from the interior walls of the cargo compartment in which the container is being transported.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that such embodiments are by way of example only and merely illustrative of many possible specific embodiments. Various modifications obvious to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the scope of the present invention as further defined in the claims which follow.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/874,645, filed on Oct. 5, 2015, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/060,078 filed on Oct. 6, 2014, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Number | Date | Country | |
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62060078 | Oct 2014 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 14874645 | Oct 2015 | US |
Child | 16995886 | US |