Patent Application
20130182622
Usage of communications services and products have grown nearly exponentially in recent years. The growth is fostered by improving hardware, software, standards, and protocols. The utilization of wireless local area networks (WLANs) have similarly increased. Many businesses, homes, organizations, and other locations now utilize WLANs to foster improved communications for employees and occupants. For example, WiFi networks are examples of popular WLANs.
While WLANs are extremely useful, wireless devices accessing and communicating through the WLANS may consume power faster than other forms of wireless communications. In some cases, a wireless device may communicate with an wireless access point utilizing a normal mode and a sleep mode to conserve power. In the normal mode, the power consumption of the wireless device is high, quickly draining the battery. The sleep mode may cause unacceptable delays in data throughput during the time periods in which the wireless device sleeps. As a result, optimizing conservation of power while simultaneously maintaining high throughput may be very difficult.
One embodiment includes a system and method for conserving power for wireless communications. Packet communication information to and from a wireless device may be determined. A traffic profile may be selected from a light traffic profile, a periodic traffic profile, and a heavy traffic profile in response to the determined packet communication information. Packets may be communicated with a wireless access point utilizing a power mode determined in response to the selected traffic profile. The power mode may be utilized by the wireless device independent of the wireless access point.
Another embodiment includes an end-user wireless device for conserving power. The end-user wireless device may include a wireless interface operable to determine packet communication information of the end-user wireless device. The end-user wireless device may further include power save logic in communication with the wireless interface operable to select a traffic profile from a light traffic profile, a periodic traffic profile, and a heavy traffic profile in response to the determined packet communication information. The wireless interface may communicate packets between the end-user wireless device and a wireless access point utilizing a power mode associated with the traffic profile.
Yet another embodiment includes a wireless device for conserving power. The wireless device may include a processor operable to execute a set of instructions. The wireless device may further include a memory in communication with the processor. The memory may be operable to store a set of instructions. The set of instructions may be executed to determine packet communication information for communicating packets, select a traffic profile of a wireless device in response to the determined packet communication information, utilize a default wake up period between communicating packets in response to determining that an average period of packets communicated during an interval of time within the packet communication information is equal to or greater than a high threshold, utilize a reduced wake up period between communicating packets in response to determining that the average period of packets communicated during an interval of time is greater than a low threshold and less than a high threshold, and utilize a full power mode in response to determining the average period of packets communicated during an interval of time is less than or equal to the low threshold.
Illustrative embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, which are incorporated by reference herein and wherein:
Illustrative embodiments of the present invention provide a system and method for utilizing traffic profiles to conserve power and maximize data throughput. A WLAN or wireless device may communicate varying levels of traffic during usage. The levels of traffic may vary from no or minimal traffic to very large file transfers. Digital voice telephony, such as voice traffic, is somewhere in the middle, but is especially important because increasing latency and decreasing throughput may significantly affect call and voice quality. In one embodiment, the different levels of traffic as determined by the WLAN device may be associated with one or more states, modes, or profiles that may be linked with specific communications applications. For example, large file transfers may require high throughput to be communicated efficiently, whereas voice stream communications may need low jitter and low latency to ensure call quality.
The illustrative embodiments may utilize one or more determinations to enter or select a traffic profile. The traffic profile may be selected utilizing packet communication information, applications in use by the WLAN device, or other similar information. In one embodiment, packet communication information is the frequency at which packets are communicated to and/or from a wireless device. However, the packet communication information may include an average time period between packet communication to or from a wireless device, packet size, a number of packets communicated within a window of time, the average number of packets received during a wake up period or sleep interval, or any other suitable information regarding the timing or other characteristics of packets communicated to or from a wireless device.
In one embodiment, the packet communication information may include an average packet period as described herein. The traffic profile may be associated with communications actions or power states or modes that may improve overall WLAN performance and particularly, power consumption. The illustrative embodiments may allow a WLAN device to maintain higher throughput in order to efficiently communicate data utilizing a number of power modes. The illustrative embodiments may also allow a WLAN device to reduce a time interval in which the WLAN device is in a higher power consumption state without interaction or coordination with a wireless access point. The illustrative embodiments may be implemented utilizing digital logic, state machines, algorithms, software, circuits, and any combination thereof.
Various illustrative embodiments may have significant advantages over existing systems, devices, and processes. In one embodiment, a wireless device may be operable to select one of three traffic profiles based on packet communication information as measured, calculated, averaged, or otherwise determined for specified time periods, intervals, applications, packet types, windows, or thresholds. For example, the number of packets sent (and/or received) during a time interval may also be referred to as a communications average. The average number of packets communicated during a period of time may be utilized to determine the applicable traffic profile. In addition to a sleep mode and a full power mode, the wireless device may utilize a periodic data mode which allows the wake up period typically utilized by wireless devices to be much less than a default wake up period, such as 100 milliseconds (ms). As a result, the wireless device may “wake up” to transmit at reduced periods regardless of whether the wireless access point is expecting packets from the wireless device and to receive at reduced periods, and regardless of whether data packets are buffered at the wireless access point. In another embodiment, the wireless device may transmit or receive data packets to the wireless access point immediately once the packets are sampled or received by the wireless device or the wireless access point before returning to a sleep state. Therefore, the wireless device may communicate with the wireless access point without much delay in a periodic data mode.
The wireless device may implement the systems and methods herein described without changing the communications standards utilized between the wireless device and wireless access point or reconfiguring the applicable wireless access point. Various illustrative embodiments may be further configured to utilize an existing power save mode, a specialized or periodic power save mode for voice communications, and a full power mode in response to determining a light traffic, periodic traffic, and heavy traffic profile, respectively. The power modes may each implement a specific wake up period.
The wireless devices 102, 104, 106, and 108 are illustrative embodiments of WLAN devices that may utilize a number of traffic profiles to implement specific power conservation modes, actions, or steps. In particular, the wireless devices 102, 104, 106, and 108 may be end-user wireless devices. The end-user wireless device is a wireless device utilized by an individual whom is the ultimate recipient of communications. The end-user wireless device may be mobile, handheld, and utilized by the user to interface with one or more communications networks. In one embodiment, the wireless devices 102, 104, 106, and 108 may include cell phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wireless telephones, laptops, terminals, or other wireless computing and communications devices.
The wireless devices 102, 104, 106, and 108 may communicate with one or more wireless access points. A wireless access point is an interface for sending and receiving communications from the wireless devices 102, 104, 106, and 108 through the communications network 114. The wireless router 110 is one embodiment of a wireless access point. The wireless access point may also be a WiMAX antenna and communications system, femto or pico cell, WiFi router, or other wireless communications system. The wireless router 110 may be utilized to communicate with any number of personal, business, organizational, or other wireless devices utilizing any number of communications protocols and standards. In one embodiment, the wireless router 110 may communicate with the communications network 114 through the data connection 112. The illustrative embodiments may be performed by one or more of the wireless devices 102, 104, 106, and 108 without permanently or temporarily reconfiguring or changing the communications standards, settings, and protocols utilized by the wireless router 110.
The data connection 112 may be a fiber optic cable, DSL, T1, satellite, WiMAX, power line, or any other communications lines, links, or connections that are suitable for communicating data, voice, or packet communications. The communications network 114 is a system and environment for routing communications to and from the wireless router 110. The communications network 114 may communicate with any number of networks including the
Internet, public and private access networks, virtual networks, and other networks, types, and configurations. As previously described, the wireless devices 102, 104, 106, and 108 may utilize one or more determinations to select a traffic profile and a corresponding power save mode for enhancing communications and conserving power.
The wireless devices 102, 104, 106, and 108 may utilize a sleep state or mode as a power save mode. The sleep mode is useful in the wireless devices 102, 104, 106, and 108 and their utilized applications to reduce battery power consumption. In one embodiment, sleep mode operation is characterized by monitoring a communications channel during periodic monitoring intervals (wake up intervals) separated by corresponding sleep intervals. In one embodiment, the communications channel is a paging channel that is utilized to implement a sleep mode. In the sleep mode, the wireless devices 102, 104, 106, and 108 may send a packet to the wireless router 110 indicating that each device is going to enter a sleep mode for a sleep interval during which data communications are temporarily suspended.
In one embodiment, a beacon signal or paging signal, denoting the sleep interval, may be communicated to one or more of the wireless devices 102, 104, 106, and 108 from the wireless router 110 at a specified frequency or predetermined period to initiate communications after a sleep interval. The sleep interval may remain constant regardless of the communications that occur between or during the sleep intervals. The wireless devices 102, 104, 106, and 108 may similarly awaken from the sleep state to determine whether the beacon signal is received and whether to perform communications or immediately return to the sleep state. If the beacon signal indicates there are no packets to receive, the wireless devices 102, 104, 106, and 108 may immediately re-enter sleep state. If the beacon signal is received or if the wireless devices 102, 104, 106, and 108 and/or wireless router 110 have packets to communicate, the wireless devices enter an active state and perform the communications before re-entering sleep state until the next beacon signal.
The traffic profile selection may be made based on the average number of packets communicated during a period of time, types of usage of the wireless devices 102, 104, 106, 108, packet types, or other information regarding packet traffic and type. As a result, the wireless devices may more efficiently transition out of a sleep state to perform communications based on the selected profile, thus increasing packet throughput while conserving battery power.
In one embodiment, the wireless device 200 may include a processor 202, power save logic 204, a wireless interface 206, a memory 208, a light traffic profile 210, a periodic traffic profile 212, and a heavy traffic profile 214. As previously described, the wireless device 200 may communicate with a wireless router 216.
In another embodiment, the various elements of the wireless device 200 may be implemented as part of an ASIC or chipset. The processor 202 is circuitry or logic enabled to control execution of a set of instructions. The processor 202 may be a microprocessor, digital signal processor, central processing unit, or other device suitable for controlling an electronic device, including one or more hardware and software elements, executing software, instructions, programs and applications, converting and processing signals and information, and performing other related tasks. The processor 202 may be a single chip or integrated with other computing or communications elements.
The memory 208 is a hardware element, device, or recording media configured to store data for subsequent retrieval or access at a later time. The memory 208 may include both static and dynamic memory. The memory 208 may include a hard disk, random access memory, cache, removable media drive, mass storage, or configuration suitable as storage for data, instructions, and information. In one embodiment, the memory 208 and the processor 202 may be integrated. The memory 208 may use any type of volatile or non-volatile storage techniques and mediums.
The wireless device 200 may take specific actions and implement the features, processes, steps, and methods, as herein described, in any number of ways. In one embodiment, the power save logic 204 is digital logic for implementing a selected power mode based on a determination of the appropriate profile stored in the memory 208. In another embodiment, the power save logic 204, may store and implement an action or sleep interval associated with the light traffic profiles 210, the periodic traffic profiles 212, and the heavy traffic profiles 214. For example, in response to selecting the periodic traffic profile 212, the power save logic 204 may send a command to all or portions of the components and elements of the wireless device 200, such as a transceiver encompassed in the wireless interface, to enter a sleep mode (a power save mode) from a periodic sleep mode. Similarly, the transceiver may transition from the periodic sleep mode to a full power mode more frequently based on intensive packet traffic. A command line or signal structure within the wireless device 200 may indicate the transition of the wireless device 200 and corresponding components between power modes.
The power save logic 204 may be digital logic, a state machine, a controller, firmware, a set of instructions, or other logic suitable to implement a power conservation mode or action based on a determination of the appropriate traffic profile associated with average packet periods and communications between the wireless device 200 and the wireless router 216.
The wireless interface 206 is the wireless transmitter and receiver interface for communicating with other wireless devices including the wireless router 216. The wireless interface 206 may also include any number of antennas, memories, filters, amplifiers, buffers, controllers, drivers, applications, and other similar communications elements. The traffic profile stored within the memory 208 may be implemented based on the communications performance, measurements, or characteristics of the wireless device 200.
The traffic profiles may represent states, modes, or settings of the wireless device 200. The traffic profiles may utilize any number of thresholds, parameters, and conditions to implement the actions herein described. In particular, the determination of the appropriate traffic profile may be selected based on the average number of packets communicated during a period of time of the last packets communicated by the wireless interface 206. Packet communication, as described herein, may include inbound and outbound packets received and transmitted by the wireless interface 206. In one embodiment, the average period is the number of packets received during a specified time interval, or number of communications windows. The average period may describe the total number of packets communicated or the average frequency at which packets are transmitted and received at the wireless device 200. The selection of the traffic profile may be made based on the average number of packets communicated during an interval of time.
In one embodiment, the average period =Σinterval[i]/n
In one embodiment, the light traffic profile 210 is selected when there are sparse packets as further illustrated by
In one embodiment, the periodic traffic profile 212 indicates that there are periodic packets communicated via the wireless device 200 or the wireless interface 206 as further illustrated by
In particular, VoIP communications may require low jitter and latency in order to ensure call quality. It is notable that the IEEE power save mode may be insufficient to satisfy the low jitter and latency requirements. Latency is a measure of the temporal delay. For example, latency may refer to the delay in sending and receiving voice communications packets from either end of a voice communication. Jitter is the variation in the time between packets arriving, caused by network congestion, timing drift, or route changes. For example, the communications packets that are queued or buffered by the wireless device or wireless router 216 between sleep intervals may become congested, decreasing throughput and thus increase latency. The delay in communicating the packets from the wireless device 200 or wireless router 216 may similarly increase the jitter for the wireless device 200 and a telephonic device utilized by a second communicating party.
In one embodiment, the heavy traffic profile 214 may be utilized for large file transfers in which a large volume of packets are being communicated at short intervals as further illustrated by
In another embodiment, the traffic profiles may be selected based on other determinations. For example, the power save logic 204 may select the periodic traffic profile 212 based on activation or utilization of a VoIP application, logic, or circuitry. The heavy traffic profile 214 and light traffic profile 210 may be similarly associated with different applications and functions of the wireless device 200. In another example, an operating system flag or driver may prompt the power save logic 204 to select a traffic profile that corresponds to the type or amount of traffic indicated by the flag or driver. Similarly, information may be retrieved from outgoing packet headers to determine the appropriate traffic profile. For example, communications of voice traffic by the wireless interface 206 may indicate to the power save logic 204 that the period traffic profile 212 be selected, whereas communication of an email, video, or picture may indicate to the power save logic 204 that the heavy traffic profile be selected. Similarly, packets identified to be utilized to establish a link or heart beat between the wireless device 200 and the wireless router 216 may indicate that the light traffic profile 210 be selected. The link or heart beat connection may be utilized to signify that a connection exists and that both devices are functional to transmit and receive packets as needed.
The data stream 302 may represent voice packets that are sampled or processed by the wireless device for transmission to one or more receiving parties and the packets delivered to the wireless device by the wireless access point. For example, the data stream 302 may represent periodic data packets spaced at approximately 20 ms.
In one embodiment, the packets of the voice stream may not be communicated until a sleep interval ends or a beacon signal is received internally or externally by the wireless device indicating that the queued or buffered data stream 302 packets may be communicated. In one example, the sleep interval may last 100 ms at which point the wireless device state 304 transitions out of a sleep mode to communicate the waiting or buffered packets. For example, when the wireless device state 304 transitions, packets 2-6 of the voice stream may be transmitted or received in the communication stream 306.
The device may then enter a power save mode for the remaining portion of the 100 ms before transmitting or receiving packets 7-11 of the data stream 302 in the communication stream 306 at the beginning of the next windows. The packets may be significantly delayed before being communicated in the communication stream 306 increasing latency and potentially causing jitter for both communicating parties resulting in such existing power save mode being unsuitable for voice communications.
The communication stream 406 is interrupted when the wireless device state 404 transitions from the power on state 410 or an active state to the power off state 414 or sleep state regardless of the packets within the data stream 402 that are accumulating or buffered for communication. In one example, the lost packets 408 may be removed, deleted, or otherwise lost before they are communicated to or from a wireless access point to the wireless device.
For example, the capacity of the buffers may be exceeded causing the packets to be overwritten, discarded, or deleted. As a result, the lost packets 408 may need to be retransmitted, the file or data may be corrupted, or any number of other problems may occur. Lost packets are especially problematic during voice communications resulting in call degradation. As a result, the shown power save mode may be inappropriate for voice communications that are characterized by periodic data traffic.
During the transition of the wireless device state 404 to the power off state 414, the data stream 402 is no longer communicated within the communication stream 406. The temporary transition of the wireless device state 404 to the power off state 414 associated with the sleep mode may increase the time for delivery of the packets to the communicating parties until the wireless device returns to the power on state 412. For example, a picture being transmitted in the data stream 402 may be further delayed because of the interruption caused within the communication stream 406 by the transition out of a full power mode to a sleep mode indicated by the wireless device state 404.
The illustrative embodiments may be utilized to more efficiently implement power conservation during a periodic traffic profile. The wake up period may be adjusted from a default level to a reduced wake up period in response to the wireless device selecting the periodic traffic profile. In one embodiment, the wireless device utilizes a reduced wake up period of 20 ms to transition out of sleep state in order to communicate pending or buffered packets from the voice stream 502. As a result, the wireless device may go in and out of a sleep state multiple times during a single sleep interval that may be utilized by the wireless access point.
As a result, the communication of packets within the voice stream 502 occurs without significant delay or congestion of packets. The communications streams in both
The wireless device changes the wireless device state 504 to a full power (also referred to as a communication mode) more frequently to ensure that the packets of the voice stream are communicated in the communication stream 506 without significant delay thereby decreasing latency and the potential for jitter. The wireless device also returns more quickly to a sleep state to conserve battery power. The communication stream 506 maximizes the throughput of the voice stream 502 while similarly conserving battery life by remaining in a power save mode between the 20 ms wake up periods.
In another embodiment, the wireless device may transition the wireless device state 504 from a sleep mode to a full power mode in response to sampling or receiving a packet for transmission to the wireless access point. As a result, the wireless device may automatically wake up to transmit one or more packets that have been sampled or buffered for transmission before returning to a sleep state. A small delay may occur between sampling or receiving the voice stream 502, transitioning the wireless device state 504, and communicating the voice packet in the communications stream 506.
In one embodiment, the wireless device state 604 may illustrate that the full power state has been deactivated, disabled, or otherwise configured to remain in a full power mode so that the transmission stream may quickly communicate the data stream 602 without unnecessarily entering a power save mode. The illustrative embodiments may disable the wireless device state 404 (as shown in
In one embodiment, the wireless device state 704 may utilize a sleep mode in response to determining the average interval is greater than 60 ms or in response to another threshold. The sleep mode may utilize a wake up period or window, such as 100 ms, due to the sparseness of the packets within the data stream 702. The light traffic profile may implement the sleep mode because the packets are not being communicated at a sufficient frequency indicative of a voice communication or other application that is likely to be significantly affected by the communications delays of
The process may begin by determining whether the average period for the last n packets is greater than 60 ms (step 802). The average period may be a real-time or running average of the number of packets completely or partially communicated within a specified time interval or based on a number of packets. The average period may similarly utilize any number of other evaluation, analysis, calculations, or statistical measurements or approximations. In one embodiment, the average period may be the lesser of the average number of packets transmitted during an interval of time or the average number of packets received during an interval of time. Alternatively, an transmission average or a receiving average may be utilized.
In response to determining the average period for the last n packets is greater than 60 ms, for example, and/or in response to other determinations, the wireless device may select a light traffic profile (step 804). The light traffic profile may be a setting, state, condition, or mode utilized by the wireless device. For example, the wireless device wakes up for communication at every beacon signal (step 806). During step 806, the wireless device may select a standard power saving mode associated with the light traffic profile during which packets are transmitted and received before entering a sleep state. In one embodiment, the wireless device may enter a full power mode during the standard power saving mode at a specified frequency, period, or time interval, such as every 100 ms. The 100 ms may correspond to a wake up period utilized during the power save mode. The wireless device may then determine whether the average period for the last n packets is greater than 60 ms (step 802).
If the wireless device determines the average interval for the last n packets is less than or equal to 60 ms, the wireless device may then determine whether the average period for the last n packets is less than or equal to 60 ms and greater than 10 ms (step 808). If the average period for the last n packets is between 60 ms and 10 ms, the wireless device may select a periodic traffic profile (step 810). In one embodiment, the periodic traffic profile may be configured for VoIP communications. For example, the periodic traffic profile may utilize a reduced wake up period preventing throughput and latency problems in order to maintain call quality.
Next, the wireless device wakes up at a specified period (step 812). In one embodiment, the wake up period or window is every 20 ms. The wireless device enters a full power state to transmit and receive packets every 20 ms before reentering a sleep state in order to reduce latency and increase throughput. The smaller wake up period may more closely correspond to the voice packets that are sampled or received by the wireless devices for enhancing voice communications. Next, the wireless device returns again to step 802.
If the average period for the last n packets is not between 60 ms and 10 ms in step 808, the wireless device may select a heavy traffic profile (step 814). The heavy traffic profile may indicate that a large file or other data intensive communication is occurring. Next, the wireless device utilizes a full power mode (step 816). While the heavy traffic profile is recognized or set, power saving functions and features may be at least temporarily suspended so that the wireless device may communicate in a full power state. In one embodiment, the transceiver may receive a command from a processor or logic of the wireless device to utilize the full power state or setting to communicate with the wireless access point until a subsequent command to utilize a distinct power mode is received. For example, a wake up period, sleep interval, feature, period, or window, utilized between communications may be disabled. The power saving functions may be suspended, disabled, or turned off so that communications are not stopped or otherwise interrupted during heavy communications in which all available bandwidth and processing power are required by the wireless device. Next, the wireless device returns again to step 802.
In one embodiment, the determinations of step 802 and 808 may be performed every 100 ms. For example, a counter may be utilized to measure the number of the packets communicated during the past 600 ms. At the end of the approximately 600 ms, the determinations of the average number of packets communicated during the time interval (600 ms) may be performed. Steps 802 and 808 may be repeated to continuously determine the appropriate traffic profile based on the packets communicated by the wireless device. As a result, the wireless device may continuously determine the appropriate traffic profile and transition to the corresponding power save mode.
In another embodiment, the determination of the traffic profile may be performed based on other criteria to similarly adjust the tolerances for jitter and latency. In one embodiment, the traffic profile may be selected in response to a type of communication implemented by the wireless device or an application being executed by the wireless device. For example, if the wireless device is sending and receiving voice packets, the periodic traffic profile may be selected. In another example, the wireless device may select the heavy traffic profile in response to executing a peer-to-peer application.
The previous detailed description is of a small number of embodiments for implementing the invention and is not intended to be limiting in scope. For example, other traffic profiles may be added to the traffic profiles and power modes of the present invention. The following claims set forth a number of the embodiments of the invention disclosed with greater particularity.
This application claims priority to U.S. provisional application Ser. No. 61/118,137, filed on Nov. 26, 2008, entitled: System and Method for Adaptive Power Conservation Based On Traffic Profiles, which is incorporated herein by reference.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US09/65893 | 11/25/2009 | WO | 00 | 9/29/2010 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61118137 | Nov 2008 | US |
