Patent Application
20210404783
The following generally relates to aircraft defense systems. Specifically, the following relates to a Countermeasure Dispenser System (CMDS). More specifically, the following relates to a system and process for communicating with expendables from a CMDS.
A CMDS dispenses expendables (i.e., chaff or flares) from a platform such as an aircraft in order to counter an incoming threat. The expendables may be released based on an input from a pilot or may automatically be released based on a threat detection unit of the CMDS detecting an incoming threat.
Currently, most CMDSs are pyrotechnic dispensers, in that, they use a squib or impulse cartridge. These pyrotechnic CMDSs include an electronic ignition primer. A current is applied at a certain level and ignites the energetic material in the impulse cartridge to generate the gas that pushes out a flare or chaff or another projectile in that payload. Currently, there are many types of chaffs and flares. With respect to flares, there are kinematic flares that typically have energetic material that burns inside of an aerobody to create thrust. Thus, these types of flares create intense IR energy but also fly in a powered manner.
The impulse cartridges have similar characteristics regardless of whether they are firing a flare or a chaff. The impulse cartridges typically have a bridge wire, by specification, is 1 ohm plus or minus 15 percent. The bridge wire is inside the impulse cartridge and extends from the center pin to the shell. Typically, the bridge wire is at the base of the cup of the impulse cartridge. On top of the bridge wire is a composition of energetic material that is configured to burn. The bridge wire acts as a resistant heater when a high current is applied across its low resistance to heat and ignite the energetic material. Stated otherwise, the bridge wire is the electric device that is used to interface with the energetic material or composition.
Typically, when viewing the bottom or an impulse cartridge, there is a center pin that may have a diameter of about 3/16″. Around the center pin is an insulating annular ring that circumscribes the center pin. Around the annular insulating ring/member is a metal cup. These are bonded together and the bridge wire extends from the center pin, spans over the annual insulating member and is connected with the metal cup. With respect to the impulse cartridge, there are several primers/specifications that are noteworthy. There is a qualification for the impulse cartridge that requires it to handle up to one amp of current for 300 seconds and guarantee not to ignite. This is referred to as the “maximum no fire current.” There is another qualification for the “minimum must fire current.” This current is applied to the bridge wire and the minimum must fire current is 4.25 amps or greater. Stated otherwise, the impulse cartridge must fire and the bridge wire receives a current of 4.25 amps or greater. Then, when the impulse cartridge fires, the resistance across, what was previously the bridge wire interface, now has to be greater than 500 ohms. This is used to detect whether a payload is present.
To detect whether a payload is present, a pole source having a current that is well below the maximum no fire current is sent across the bridge wire. Then, the voltage is measured back across the bridge wire. The voltage is equivalent to about 1 ohm. Based on the measured voltage, the system is able to recognize that a payload is present and that it has not been fired. The process is repeated after firing the impulse cartridge (i.e., payload) and the system reads a voltage equivalent to about 500 ohms, then the system is able to determine that the payload has already been fired.
The dispenser is built into the platform which may be any type of vehicle, regardless of whether it is manned or unmanned. When the dispensers are integrated into an aircraft, they are usually conformal with the outer skin thereof. Further, the dispenser is in electrical communication with a sequencer that is either an electronic box that is cable-connected to the dispenser or an electronic assembly integrated within the dispenser. The dispenser provides the electromechanical interface to the magazine and payloads.
Currently, there are new generations of payloads or expendables that are commonly referred to as smart payload, smart stores, or smart expendables. Typically, all three of these terms refer to the same thing. Essentially, the smart expendables are the device that is plugged into a dispenser that is to be pyrotechnically dispensed from the dispenser.
With respect to the smart stores or smart expendables, they have computer intelligence integrated therein that utilize the physical connection between the fire pin in the impulse cartridge to communicate with the sequencer through the dispenser. Stated otherwise, the sequencer can communicate with the payload of the smart expendable by sending electrical signals through the fire pin in the impulse cartridge.
Some legacy smart expendables have an impulse cartridge with a single interface to the dispenser but with two separate chambers within a payload. Essentially, a dual squib. Dual squibs have a center divider and overcame the problem of being able to fire each half of the squib independently from the other. This was accomplished by a Zener diode in series with one of the bridge wires. Thus, from the same center pin on the cartridge, two bridge wires extend into each respective halves of the payload. On one bridgewire was simply a conventional bridge wire and the other bridge wire had a Zener diode. On the Zener diode, the cathode would face the common point of the source and its anode connected to the resistor or bridge wire which is then connected to the ground of the metal cup. One exemplary legacy dual squib is a BBU48.
The present disclosure has recognized that the legacy interface for smart stores or smart expendables has limitations. The legacy interface is defined between the fire pin in the dispenser and the center pin on the impulse cartridge of the smart expendable. This legacy interface between the smart expendable and the dispenser has limitation in terms of the maximum data rate that can be transferred, which increases latency in the system. The legacy interface also has limitations in the amount of current that can be sourced for the payload, which creates issues for various types of payloads. Thus, while there are some generic advantages for legacy communication with a payload through the fire pin in the dispenser to a center pin on the impulse cartridge, it imposes many restrictions in terms of how much power can be dissipated by the payload and still be safe. Recall, that because the electrical current is going through the fire pin and the center pin, it must be below the maximum no fire current. From a safety standpoint, military standards require, for an electrically initiated explosive, the communication current to be 16½ dB below the maximum no fire current for the cartridge. So in this case, it means that the communication current is 150 milliamps. This is clearly very low current for communications, thus providing an overall limitation of the communication capabilities of the smart stores or smart expendables.
The present disclosure seeks to solve this limitation of being able to communicate with smart payloads in a way that decreases latency by increasing the power capabilities by providing communication capabilities that do not extend through the fire pin so that greater power can be dedicated for faster communications. Stated otherwise, the present disclosure recognizes that there is needed other ways of communicating with the smart expendables having better noise immunity that can provide higher power, provide persistent power, not be limited by the maximum amount of time for power being applied to a payload (not being limited to 40 milliseconds as required by current legacy smart payloads). Further, existing CMDS systems fail to provide a dedicated communication interface between a smart expendable and the platform. Thus, there is a continuous unmet need for a CMDS that includes a dedicated communication interface between a smart expendable and the platform. Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to this continuous unmet need.
In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a system is provided that addresses and overcomes these limitations by providing a CMDS that is able to accomplish one or more of the following: enabling more power to be transferred from the dispenser to the smart payload, applying this power persistently, and/or communicating at a higher data rate to minimize latency at a more reliable manner than legacy interface. Recall, with legacy interfaces there is much more susceptibility to electromagnetic noise because the low voltage swing results in a small noise margin. The present disclosure is able to address these needs and overcome the deficiencies and limitations of the prior art by implementing one of the following: a near field communication, or a dedicated line/pins to communicate differentially between the dispenser and the smart store or smart expendable. This enables better signal integrity between the dispenser and the smart store or smart expendable. In one exemplary scenario, the wireless embodiments could be more beneficial that the direct/dedicated wire systems as the near field communication configuration would eliminate the electrical bounce or disconnection that occurs in high-vibration environments. In high-vibration systems, the bit-error rate increases due to these spring-based bounces and electrical disconnections. Thus, in accordance with one embodiment, the wireless configurations may provide a more resilient electrical connection than the physical spring-based direct dedicated connection between the dispenser and the smart expendable.
The wireless embodiment using near field communication uses small loop antennas to establish the electrical connection between the dispenser and the smart expendable. In one particular embodiment, when using the near field communications, the system is physically closely coupled so as to eliminate the need for an addressing scheme by the interrogator which removes a layer of complexity to reduce latency. Thus, in the system of the present disclosure, the interrogating loop antenna is closely coupled to the payload via a very small gap that tightly control the field about a small area so that the system of the present disclosure does not need to be concerned with adjacent payloads trying to respond to an interrogation from a signal that is not intended for it. It also eliminates the need for a physical barrier between adjacent payloads.
In each embodiment of the present disclosure each wave of communication between the sequencer and dispenser of the CMDS is able to electrically communicate with the smart store or smart expendable without sending the communication signals through the fire pin that has the military standard limitations of the maximum no fire current. Thus, the present disclosure addresses alternative types of communications between the sequencer, the countermeasure dispenser and the smart payload that do not use the fire pin to communicate between the two.
In one aspect, an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may provide a countermeasure dispensing system (CMDS) comprising: a sequencer; a first dispenser connected to the sequencer unit, and the first dispenser having a fire pin adapted to receive fire signals therethrough; and a first expendable that is fired in response to receiving a fire signal through the fire pin, and the first expendable connected the dispenser via a power and communication interface that is different than the fire pin, wherein the sequencer communicates with the first expendable via the power and communication interface. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide wherein the expendable is a smart expendable. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide wherein the power and communication interface includes a wired connection. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide wherein the wired connection provides power to the first expendable. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide wherein power and communication interface includes a first wire interface and a second wire interface, wherein the first expendable communicates with the sequencer via the first wire interface, and wherein the expendable is fired via the second wire interface. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide wherein the first wire interface and the second wire interface is a pair of wires. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide wherein the first wire interface and the second wire interface is a transformer connected to the power and communication interface. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide a second expendable connected to the dispenser via the power and communication interface, wherein the first expendable and the second expendable are connected to the power and communication interface via a same firing line. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide wherein the first expendable and the second expendable are different types of expendables.
Another exemplary embodiment may further provide wherein the communication interface includes a wireless connection. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide wherein the wireless connection provides power to the first expendable for firing the first expendable. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide wherein the wireless connection is a point-to-point microwave and millimeter wave transceiver connection, a near field communication connection, or a near field magnetic induction connection. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide wherein the first expendable communicates with the sequencer via the wireless connection after the expendable is fired. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide wherein the first expendable is a nonpyrotechnic expendable. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide wherein the first expendable harvests energy via the wireless connection. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide a second expendable connected to the dispenser via the power and communication interface. This exemplary embodiment or another exemplary embodiment may further provide wherein the first expendable and the second expendable are different types of expendables.
In yet another aspect, an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure may provide a countermeasure dispenser system has a dispenser with a fire pin and a smart expendable housed in the dispenser awaiting to be fired upon a fire command. The smart expendable has features that need power and communication signals from the dispenser. The communication signals and power sent from the dispenser to the smart expendable are sent through an interface that is different than the fire pin in the dispenser. The interface may be a dedicated wired interface or the interface may be a wireless interface. If wireless, the wireless interface may use near field communications, RF signaling, or near field magnetic induction.
Sample embodiments of the present disclosure are set forth in the following description, are shown in the drawings and are particularly and distinctly pointed out and set forth in the appended claims.
Similar numbers refer to similar parts throughout the drawings.
According to one example,
When a threat 104 is detected by the platform 100, the CMDS 102 may launch a plurality of expendables 106 depending upon the threat. In one example, as depicted in
The expendables 106 in one example include chaff and/or flares. Chaff may be used to reflect an incoming radar signal in order to temporarily hide or confuse the whereabouts or characteristics of the platform 100. Flares, when dispensed, ignite behind the platform such as a platform 100, which may be manned or unmanned, and may attract a heat seeking missile thereby diverting the missile from the platform. The platform 100 may also engage in evasive maneuvers in combination with the launch of the expendables 106 as well as other countermeasure such as laser jamming.
The CMDS in one example includes a programmer unit 206, a sequencer unit 208, and a dispenser unit 210. The DCDU 202, the ATDU 204, the programmer unit 206, and the sequencer unit 208 may each include logic that may cause the DCDU 202, the ATDU 204, the programmer unit 206, and the sequencer unit 208 to perform the functions discussed in further detail below.
In one embodiment, the platform 100 may be a legacy aircraft with a legacy CMDS having a legacy sequencer unit. In this embodiment, the legacy sequencer unit may be removed and replaced with a sequencer unit 208 that properly interacts with a legacy dispenser unit of the legacy aircraft and a legacy programmer unit. As such, there is no need to rebuild or contrast a new platform 100 when installing the different sequencer unit 208. However, it is understood that the sequencer unit 208 could be constructed on a new platform 100.
The DCDU 202 in one example provides a cockpit interface for receiving a pilot instruction to dispense expendables 106. The input from the pilot may include a dispensing mode, a payload selection, an emergency jettison selection, etc. In one example, a pilot may fly over a territory with a radar detection system and the pilot may determine it is desirable to obscure the aircraft 100 from the radar detection system. As such, the pilot may input a command into the DCDU 202 to dispense chaff. In another example, the threat warning system may alert the pilot an incoming threat such as a drone, RPG, rocket or missile. In this example, the pilot may determine it is desirable to release flares to divert the incoming threat from the platform 100. As such, the pilot may input a command into the DCDU 202 to dispense flares. After receiving the input from the pilot, the DCDU 202 may send a first signal indicative of the input to the programmer unit 206.
In one embodiment, the platform 100 uses the ATDU 204 that uses sensors and the radar system to detect one or more threats and devise an automatic or semi-automatic response. In one example, the platform itself may be automated and no operator would be present on the platform to provide inputs although a remote operator might be present. The threat warning system 204 in one example automatically sends commands to the CMDS 102 to take the desired action. In another example the ATDU provides an alert to the pilot
The ATDU 204 may include one or more sensors that automatically detect the threat 104. The sensors may include radar detectors adapted to detect an incoming missile. When the ATDU 204 detects the threat 104, the ATDU 204 may send a second signal indicative of the detected threat 104 to the programmer unit 206. For example, if the ATDU 204 detects an incoming missile then the ATDU 204 may send a signal indicative of an incoming missile to the programmer unit 206.
After receiving either the first signal from the DCDU 202 or the second signal from the ATDU 204, the programmer unit 206 may determine an appropriate response as a function of the first signal or the second signal and countermeasure payload availability. After determining the appropriate response, the programmer unit 206 may send a fire signal indicative of the appropriate response to the sequencer unit 208. The signal may include a fire command and a payload type.
In one example, a pilot may determine it is necessary to jettison weight. As such, the pilot may desire to jettison all expendables 106 from the platform 100. Accordingly, the pilot may input a command to jettison all expendables 106 into the DCDU 202. The DCDU 202 may send the first signal indicative of the input to jettison all expendables 106 to the programmer unit 206. The programmer unit 206 may receive the first signal and may determine the only expendables 106 available are flares. As a result, the programmer unit 206 may determine the appropriate response to the pilot input is to dispense all flares. The programmer unit 206 may then send a fire signal to the sequencer unit 208 indicative of the determined appropriate response to dispense all flares.
In another example, the ATDU 204 may automatically detect an incoming missile. As such, the ATDU 204 sends the second signal indicative of an incoming missile to the programmer unit 206. In one instance, the programmer unit 206 may determine the appropriate response is to dispense 8 flares from the platform 100 and may further determine 20 flares remain in the countermeasure payload. Since the number of flares to be dispensed is less than the number of flares remaining in the countermeasure payload, the programmer unit 206 may determine the appropriate response is to dispense 8 flares. The programmer unit 206 may then send the fire signal indicative of the determined appropriate response to dispense 8 flares to the sequencer unit 208.
In another example, the programmer unit 206 may determine the appropriate response is to dispense eight flares from the platform 100 and may determine four flares remain in the countermeasure payload. Since the number of flares to be dispensed is more than the number of flares remaining in the countermeasure payload, the programmer unit 206 may determine the appropriate response is to dispense all of the flares remaining in the countermeasure payload, in this instance four. The programmer unit 206 may then send a fire signal indicative of the determined appropriate response to dispense four flares to the sequencer unit 208.
After receiving the fire signal from the programmer unit 206, the sequencer unit 208 may process the fire signal into an analog signal or waveform indicative of the fire signal. The sequencer unit 208 may then send the analog signal to the dispenser unit 210 to dispense an expendable 106.
CMDS 102 includes a sequencer 302 having a power input 304, a sequencer controller 306, a power conditioning unit 308, a communications interface 310, and a transformer 312. The power input 304, which may be DC power (however AC power is entirely possible), is connected with the sequencer controller 306 and the power conditioning unit 308. The power conditioning unit 308 is connected with transformer 312. The sequencer controller 306 is connected with the communications interface 310 that is connected with transformer 312. The sequencer controller 306 may be a logic device having programmable logic to control operations of the sequencer 302 in its communications and powering of the smart expendables 1061, 1062, and 106N.
The CMDS 102A further includes a payload bus 314 (which may also be referred to as a fire select MUX) and a matrix switch 316. The sequencer 302 is connected with the payload bus 314, through one or more links or lines. In one particular embodiment, a line 318 connects the sequencer controller 306 with the payload bus 314. Additionally, differential lines 320, 322 connect the transformer to the payload bus 314. Further, while differential lines 320, 322 are shown schematically as 320, 322, in physical construction there may be only a single line carrying both differential signals. Payload bus 314 is coupled to matrix switch 316 via differential lines 324, 326. There may be a respective set of differential lines connecting each respective switch 328 in the matrix switch 316 to the payload bus 314. Similarly, while differential lines 324, 326 are shown schematically as 324, 326, in physical construction there may be only a single line carrying both differential signals.
As shown in
There may be a respective set of differential lines 330, 332 connecting each respective switch 328 in the matrix switch 316 to the respective payload or expendable 306. Similarly, while differential lines 330, 332 are shown schematically as 330, 332, in physical construction there may be only a single line carrying both differential signals. The differential line 330, 332 represent a direct or dedicated connection of the CMDS to the payload or expendable 306.
Each payload 106 is a smart payload having capabilities that enable it to receive communications from the CMDS 102. The smart payload 306 has a transformer 334 connected with differential lines 330, 332. The transformer 334 is coupled to a communication interface 336. The communication interface is connected with an embedded controller 338. The controller 338 is electrically coupled to the dispensable countermeasure 340, such as a squib, chaff, or flare, amongst others. Smart expendable 306 further includes a power conditioner 342 that is electrically coupled to the transformer 334, the controller 336, and the dispensable countermeasure 340.
In the embodiment of configuration 300, the payloads 306 may include dedicated pins for communication and power. For each payload position, which may be as small as a 1 inch by 1 inch payload, instead of just having one center pin in the impulse cartridge, the payload can provide anywhere from two to four pins for that payload position. These other pins may be used for dedicated power and dedicated differential signaling up to a megabit per second or present disclosure can have a single pin pair differential that is transformer coupled to the same pair being used as power. These pins would be electrically coupled along lines 330,332. Thus, not using the same modulation techniques as the prior art, but similar to Ethernet communications, this configuration 300 can superimpose power on the same wires as the communication. The power would be directly connected in this differential pair of lines 330, 332 and the communication can be transformer coupled into the same pair of wires. In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, when using an Ethernet-style communication and power combination, serial differential signals like RS422 or RS485 may accomplish quality signal integrity at a desired speed. Thus, for the direct connections, there may be a separate pin pair or communications in a separate pin pair for power, or power over communications going to the payload similar to an Ethernet-style connection. Thus, there would be a center pin with either four pins or a center pin with two additional pins on the impulse cartridge.
CMDS 102 includes a sequencer 402 having a power input 404, a sequencer controller 406, a power conditioning unit 408, and a wireless communication and power controller 410. The power input 404, which may be DC power (however AC power is entirely possible), is connected with the sequencer controller 406 and the power conditioning unit 408. The power conditioning unit 408 is connected with wireless communication and power controller 410. The sequencer controller 406 is connected with the wireless communication and power controller 410. The sequencer controller 406 may be a logic device having programmable logic to control operations of the sequencer 402 in its communications and powering of the smart expendables 4061, 4062, and 406N.
The CMDS 102B may further includes a payload bus 414 (which may also be referred to as a fire select MUX) and a matrix switch 416. The sequencer 402 is connected with the payload bus 414, through one or more links or lines. In one particular embodiment, a line 418 connects the sequencer controller 406 with the payload bus 414. Additionally, differential lines 420, 422 connect the controller 410 to the payload bus 414. Further, while differential lines 420, 422 are shown schematically as 420, 422, in physical construction there may be only a single line carrying both differential signals. Payload bus 414 is coupled to matrix switch 416 via differential lines 424, 426. There may be a respective set of differential lines connecting each respective switch 428 in the matrix switch 416 to the payload bus 414. Similarly, while differential lines 424, 426 are shown schematically as 424, 426, in physical construction there may be only a single line carrying both differential signals.
As shown in
There may be a respective set of differential lines 430, 432 connecting each respective switch 428 in the matrix switch 416 to a RF transceiver 429. Namely, a first wireless signal transceiver 429A is coupled to the first switch 428A via lines 430, 432. A second wireless signal transceiver 429B is coupled to the second switch 428B via lines 430, 432. A Nth number wireless transceiver 429N is coupled to the Nth switch 428N via lines 430, 432.
The transceiver 429 may operate as any type of transmitter that is capable of transmitting both power and communication signals wirelessly to a complementary receiver. Some exemplary transmitters or transceivers include NFC transmitters/transceivers, NFMI transmitters/transceivers, and RF transmitters/transceivers. In addition to the aforementioned examples, another example would be a RFID Reader (Interrogation Pulse) integrated into the dispenser.
Each payload 406 is a smart payload having capabilities that enable it to receive communications and power from the CMDS 102. The smart payload 406 has receiver 435 that receives wireless communication signals and power from a complementary receiver in the CMDS 102B. The first transmitter 429A is wirelessly coupled to the first receiver 435A. The second transmitter is wirelessly coupled to the second receiver 435B. The Nth number transmitter 429N is coupled to the Nth receiver 435N. The receivers 435 may be any type of receiver that is capable of receiving both power and communication signals wirelessly from a complementary transmitter. Some exemplary receivers include NFC receivers, NFMI receivers, and RF receivers.
In another example, A RFID tag consists of a small radio transponder; a radio receiver and transmitter. For this disclosure, a Passive tag is integrated within the expendable decoy. Passive tags are powered by energy from the RFID reader's interrogating radio waves and then reply to the RFID reader. For all these examples the embedded transceiver/transponder embedded within the expendable has both read or write capability or both read and write capability depending on the particular expendable payload type. For example a simple chaff expendable payload would only need a read only transceiver/transponder; whereas a flare expendable payload may require both read and write capability.
Each respective receiver 435 is coupled to a communication interface 336. The communication interface is connected with an embedded controller 438. The controller 438 is electrically coupled to the dispensable countermeasure 340, such as a squib, chaff, or flare, amongst others. Smart expendable 406 further includes a power conditioner 342 that is electrically coupled to the transformer 334, the controller 336, and the dispensable countermeasure 340.
Functionally, each of the embodiments of configurations 300 and 400 described herein have similar objectives in mind. Essentially, they each provide a more robust, less susceptible, communications interface between the dispenser system and the payload.
In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, the systems and configurations 300 and 400 detailed herein solve some deficiencies with conventional pyrotechnic expendables. Recall that after a few payloads have been dispensed (where a mission has been completed and a new upload is provided), every time one of the cartridges fires, there is carbon fouling on the breech plate of the dispenser. This causes the conventional pins to get dirty and creates potential reliability problems for the connection for future uploaded expendables. By either having dedicated power/communication lines (
By way of example, with the proliferation of surface-to-air or air-to-air missiles systems and their acquisition in tracking systems, which may be either passive or active, technology will reach a point in time where those systems become so good that the methods developed to date for jamming and decoying will become less and less effective. This means that platforms become more vulnerable to incoming threats. As seen in ground combat theatre systems and missile defense systems, there is a concept of a kinetic kill. Thus, the only way to defend against this threat is to kill the threat or disable its guidance. The envisioned smart expendables are intelligent which will, when dispensed, based on what was provided to the expendable prior to dispensing, will fly to an intercept point and acquire and either kinetically damage the sensor system on the incoming threat or it will have an explosive charge to destroy the incoming threat. This requires a high degree of complexity. These smart expendables have inertial guidance systems with an inertial measurement unit (IMU). Whenever there is an IMU, the IMU must be aligned or calibrated. And the reason for the present disclosure with the various embodiments of the interfaces are important for powering and communicating to the advanced kinetic kill expendable are important. In order to provide this information to a calibrated IMU in an advanced smart expendable, it will require the expendable to have a rocket motor or other propulsion mechanism along with aerodynamic surfaces that must be controlled whether through movable canards or other mechanisms. For all of these mechanisms to operate, the smart expendable must know where it is in space and it must know information about the roll, pitch and yaw axis in order to stabilize the expendable, orient itself, and fly to an intercept point. Characteristics of IMUs are that they must be aligned and that they must be powered. The IMU by itself requires more power than is available through the fire pin interface because of the fire pin being limited to the maximum no fire current. Thus, the maximum no fire current is not enough power to power up the IMU, let alone communicate and align it. Thus, the aspect of the present disclosure finds an improved way to power and communicate the smart expendable so that the IMU therein may be continuously or persistently powered, or that it may be properly calibrated to be effective when dispensed from the dispensing system in the countermeasure defense system carried by the platform. In addition to the power, communication must be transmitted from the dispenser system to the IMU. Position, navigation and timing (PNT) messages must be sent from the dispenser system to the smart expendables that incorporate an IMU. The smart expendable then uses this PNT information to align the IMU.
In the case or example of a rocket-propelled grenade (RPG) threat to a helicopter, from detection of the RPG to intercept thereof, the time is on the order of a few hundred milliseconds. Thus, latency is a critical feature that must be overcome due to the very short time period from detection to intercept. Thus, aspects in embodiments of configurations 300 and 400 provide a higher speed interface between the dispenser system and the expendable to enable the smart expendable to download the detection information so that it may be intercepted quickly before it is launched (or dispensed). What the interface of the present disclosure, regardless of which embodiment of configurations 300 and 400 is chosen, enables the smart expendable to be considered to be “hot at the ready”. Being hot at the ready allows tens of watts of power to enable signals to be sent from the dispensing system to the IMU and the smart expendable without a risk of the expendable being fired until desired because it avoids sending current along the bridge wire that is limited by the maximum no fire current.
In operation and referring back to
In operation, and with reference to
The method 500 includes determining that an expendable having a center pin is housed within a dispenser of the CMDS, wherein the dispenser includes a fire pin contacting the center pin on the expendable, which is shown generally at 504. As discussed herein, typically methods of determining the presence of an expendable in the dispenser includes applying up to one amp of current from the fire pin to the center pin on the impulse cartridge. The current may be any current the maximum no fire current. There is another qualification for the “minimum must fire current.” To detect whether a payload is present, a pole source having a current that is well below the maximum no fire current is sent across the bridge wire. Then, the voltage is measured back across the bridge wire. The voltage is equivalent to about 1 ohm. Based on the measured voltage, the system is able to recognize that a payload is present and that it has not been fired. The process is repeated after firing the impulse cartridge (i.e., payload) and the system reads a voltage equivalent to about 500 ohms, then the system is able to determine that the payload has already been fired. To determine that the expendable has been fired, the current applied to the bridge wire must exceed the “minimum must fire current” of 4.25 amps or greater. Stated otherwise, the impulse cartridge must fire and the bridge wire receives a current of 4.25 amps or greater. Then, when the impulse cartridge fires, the resistance across, what was previously the bridge wire interface, now has to be greater than 500 ohms. This is used to detect whether a payload is present.
The method 500 includes transferring power from the sequencer unit to the expendable via a power and communication interface that is different than the fire pin to center pin connection, which is shown generally at 506. The transfer of power occurs in a similar manner as the communications signals, namely, through an interface that is different than or does not include the fire pin to center pin connection. For the dedicated wired connection shown in
In addition to the power signals being sent through an interface that is different or does not include the fire pin to center pin connection, the method 500 includes transferring the communication signal from the sequencer unit to the expendable via a power and communication interface that is different than the fire pin, which is shown generally at 508. As discussed above with respect to
The method 500 also includes launching the expendable from the dispenser, which is shown generally at 510. In addition to the forgoing, the method 500 may further include transferring power from the sequencer unit to the expendable having a persistent current that exceeds a maximum no fire current rating for the expendable. The persistent powering enables improved powering and communications with the smart expendable namely its IMU. This is beneficial to enable the IMU to be properly calibrated to be effective when dispensed from the dispensing system in the countermeasure defense system carried by the platform.
Various inventive concepts may be embodied as one or more methods, of which an example has been provided. The acts performed as part of the method may be ordered in any suitable way. Accordingly, embodiments may be constructed in which acts are performed in an order different than illustrated, which may include performing some acts simultaneously, even though shown as sequential acts in illustrative embodiments.
While various inventive embodiments have been described and illustrated herein, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily envision a variety of other means and/or structures for performing the function and/or obtaining the results and/or one or more of the advantages described herein, and each of such variations and/or modifications is deemed to be within the scope of the inventive embodiments described herein. More generally, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that all parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations described herein are meant to be exemplary and that the actual parameters, dimensions, materials, and/or configurations will depend upon the specific application or applications for which the inventive teachings is/are used. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific inventive embodiments described herein. It is, therefore, to be understood that the foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only and that, within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereto, inventive embodiments may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described and claimed. Inventive embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to each individual feature, system, article, material, kit, and/or method described herein. In addition, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods, if such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods are not mutually inconsistent, is included within the inventive scope of the present disclosure.
The above-described embodiments can be implemented in any of numerous ways. For example, embodiments of technology disclosed herein may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. When implemented in software, the software code or instructions can be executed on any suitable processor or collection of processors, whether provided in a single computer or distributed among multiple computers. Furthermore, the instructions or software code can be stored in at least one non-transitory computer readable storage medium.
Also, a computer or smartphone utilized to execute the software code or instructions via its processors may have one or more input and output devices. These devices can be used, among other things, to present a user interface. Examples of output devices that can be used to provide a user interface include printers or display screens for visual presentation of output and speakers or other sound generating devices for audible presentation of output. Examples of input devices that can be used for a user interface include keyboards, and pointing devices, such as mice, touch pads, and digitizing tablets. As another example, a computer may receive input information through speech recognition or in other audible format.
Such computers or smartphones may be interconnected by one or more networks in any suitable form, including a local area network or a wide area network, such as an enterprise network, and intelligent network (IN) or the Internet. Such networks may be based on any suitable technology and may operate according to any suitable protocol and may include wireless networks, wired networks or fiber optic networks.
The various methods or processes outlined herein may be coded as software/instructions that is executable on one or more processors that employ any one of a variety of operating systems or platforms. Additionally, such software may be written using any of a number of suitable programming languages and/or programming or scripting tools, and also may be compiled as executable machine language code or intermediate code that is executed on a framework or virtual machine.
In this respect, various inventive concepts may be embodied as a computer readable storage medium (or multiple computer readable storage media) (e.g., a computer memory, one or more floppy discs, compact discs, optical discs, magnetic tapes, flash memories, USB flash drives, SD cards, circuit configurations in Field Programmable Gate Arrays or other semiconductor devices, or other non-transitory medium or tangible computer storage medium) encoded with one or more programs that, when executed on one or more computers or other processors, perform methods that implement the various embodiments of the disclosure discussed above. The computer readable medium or media can be transportable, such that the program or programs stored thereon can be loaded onto one or more different computers or other processors to implement various aspects of the present disclosure as discussed above.
The terms “program” or “software” or “instructions” are used herein in a generic sense to refer to any type of computer code or set of computer-executable instructions that can be employed to program a computer or other processor to implement various aspects of embodiments as discussed above. Additionally, it should be appreciated that according to one aspect, one or more computer programs that when executed perform methods of the present disclosure need not reside on a single computer or processor, but may be distributed in a modular fashion amongst a number of different computers or processors to implement various aspects of the present disclosure.
Computer-executable instructions may be in many forms, such as program modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Typically, the functionality of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments.
Also, data structures may be stored in computer-readable media in any suitable form. For simplicity of illustration, data structures may be shown to have fields that are related through location in the data structure. Such relationships may likewise be achieved by assigning storage for the fields with locations in a computer-readable medium that convey relationship between the fields. However, any suitable mechanism may be used to establish a relationship between information in fields of a data structure, including through the use of pointers, tags or other mechanisms that establish relationship between data elements.
All definitions, as defined and used herein, should be understood to control over dictionary definitions, definitions in documents incorporated by reference, and/or ordinary meanings of the defined terms.
“Logic”, as used herein, includes but is not limited to hardware, firmware, software and/or combinations of each to perform a function(s) or an action(s), and/or to cause a function or action from another logic, method, and/or system. For example, based on a desired application or needs, logic may include a software controlled microprocessor, discrete logic like a processor (e.g., microprocessor), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmed logic device, a memory device containing instructions, an electric device having a memory, or the like. Logic may include one or more gates, combinations of gates, or other circuit components. Logic may also be fully embodied as software. Where multiple logics are described, it may be possible to incorporate the multiple logics into one physical logic. Similarly, where a single logic is described, it may be possible to distribute that single logic between multiple physical logics.
Furthermore, the logic(s) presented herein for accomplishing various methods of this system may be directed towards improvements in existing computer-centric or internet-centric technology that may not have previous analog versions. The logic(s) may provide specific functionality directly related to structure that addresses and resolves some problems identified herein. The logic(s) may also provide significantly more advantages to solve these problems by providing an exemplary inventive concept as specific logic structure and concordant functionality of the method and system. Furthermore, the logic(s) may also provide specific computer implemented rules that improve on existing technological processes. The logic(s) provided herein extends beyond merely gathering data, analyzing the information, and displaying the results. Further, portions or all of the present disclosure may rely on underlying equations that are derived from the specific arrangement of the equipment or components as recited herein. Thus, portions of the present disclosure as it relates to the specific arrangement of the components are not directed to abstract ideas. Furthermore, the present disclosure and the appended claims present teachings that involve more than performance of well-understood, routine, and conventional activities previously known to the industry. In some of the method or process of the present disclosure, which may incorporate some aspects of natural phenomenon, the process or method steps are additional features that are new and useful.
The articles “a” and “an,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, unless clearly indicated to the contrary, should be understood to mean “at least one.” The phrase “and/or,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims (if at all), should be understood to mean “either or both” of the elements so conjoined, i.e., elements that are conjunctively present in some cases and disjunctively present in other cases. Multiple elements listed with “and/or” should be construed in the same fashion, i.e., “one or more” of the elements so conjoined. Other elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified by the “and/or” clause, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, a reference to “A and/or B”, when used in conjunction with open-ended language such as “comprising” can refer, in one embodiment, to A only (optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to B only (optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to both A and B (optionally including other elements); etc. As used herein in the specification and in the claims, “or” should be understood to have the same meaning as “and/or” as defined above. For example, when separating items in a list, “or” or “and/or” shall be interpreted as being inclusive, i.e., the inclusion of at least one, but also including more than one, of a number or list of elements, and, optionally, additional unlisted items. Only terms clearly indicated to the contrary, such as “only one of” or “exactly one of,” or, when used in the claims, “consisting of,” will refer to the inclusion of exactly one element of a number or list of elements. In general, the term “or” as used herein shall only be interpreted as indicating exclusive alternatives (i.e. “one or the other but not both”) when preceded by terms of exclusivity, such as “either,” “one of,” “only one of,” or “exactly one of.” “Consisting essentially of,” when used in the claims, shall have its ordinary meaning as used in the field of patent law.
As used herein in the specification and in the claims, the phrase “at least one,” in reference to a list of one or more elements, should be understood to mean at least one element selected from any one or more of the elements in the list of elements, but not necessarily including at least one of each and every element specifically listed within the list of elements and not excluding any combinations of elements in the list of elements. This definition also allows that elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified within the list of elements to which the phrase “at least one” refers, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, “at least one of A and B” (or, equivalently, “at least one of A or B,” or, equivalently “at least one of A and/or B”) can refer, in one embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, with no B present (and optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, B, with no A present (and optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, and at least one, optionally including more than one, B (and optionally including other elements); etc.
When a feature or element is herein referred to as being “on” another feature or element, it can be directly on the other feature or element or intervening features and/or elements may also be present. In contrast, when a feature or element is referred to as being “directly on” another feature or element, there are no intervening features or elements present. It will also be understood that, when a feature or element is referred to as being “connected”, “attached” or “coupled” to another feature or element, it can be directly connected, attached or coupled to the other feature or element or intervening features or elements may be present. In contrast, when a feature or element is referred to as being “directly connected”, “directly attached” or “directly coupled” to another feature or element, there are no intervening features or elements present. Although described or shown with respect to one embodiment, the features and elements so described or shown can apply to other embodiments. It will also be appreciated by those of skill in the art that references to a structure or feature that is disposed “adjacent” another feature may have portions that overlap or underlie the adjacent feature.
Spatially relative terms, such as “under”, “below”, “lower”, “over”, “upper”, “above”, “behind”, “in front of”, and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is inverted, elements described as “under” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “over” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “under” can encompass both an orientation of over and under. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly. Similarly, the terms “upwardly”, “downwardly”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “lateral”, “transverse”, “longitudinal”, and the like are used herein for the purpose of explanation only unless specifically indicated otherwise.
Although the terms “first” and “second” may be used herein to describe various features/elements, these features/elements should not be limited by these terms, unless the context indicates otherwise. These terms may be used to distinguish one feature/element from another feature/element. Thus, a first feature/element discussed herein could be termed a second feature/element, and similarly, a second feature/element discussed herein could be termed a first feature/element without departing from the teachings of the present invention.
An embodiment is an implementation or example of the present disclosure. Reference in the specification to “an embodiment,” “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “one particular embodiment,” “an exemplary embodiment,” or “other embodiments,” or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments is included in at least some embodiments, but not necessarily all embodiments, of the invention. The various appearances “an embodiment,” “one embodiment,” “some embodiments,” “one particular embodiment,” “an exemplary embodiment,” or “other embodiments,” or the like, are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiments.
If this specification states a component, feature, structure, or characteristic “may”, “might”, or “could” be included, that particular component, feature, structure, or characteristic is not required to be included. If the specification or claim refers to “a” or “an” element, that does not mean there is only one of the element. If the specification or claims refer to “an additional” element, that does not preclude there being more than one of the additional element.
As used herein in the specification and claims, including as used in the examples and unless otherwise expressly specified, all numbers may be read as if prefaced by the word “about” or “approximately,” even if the term does not expressly appear. The phrase “about” or “approximately” may be used when describing magnitude and/or position to indicate that the value and/or position described is within a reasonable expected range of values and/or positions. For example, a numeric value may have a value that is +/−0. % of the stated value (or range of values), +/−1% of the stated value (or range of values), +/−2% of the stated value (or range of values), +/−5% of the stated value (or range of values), +/−10% of the stated value (or range of values), etc. Any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges subsumed therein.
Additionally, the method of performing the present disclosure may occur in a sequence different than those described herein. Accordingly, no sequence of the method should be read as a limitation unless explicitly stated. It is recognizable that performing some of the steps of the method in a different order could achieve a similar result.
In the claims, as well as in the specification above, all transitional phrases such as “comprising,” “including,” “carrying,” “having,” “containing,” “involving,” “holding,” “composed of,” and the like are to be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limited to. Only the transitional phrases “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of” shall be closed or semi-closed transitional phrases, respectively, as set forth in the United States Patent Office Manual of Patent Examining Procedures.
In the foregoing description, certain terms have been used for brevity, clearness, and understanding. No unnecessary limitations are to be implied therefrom beyond the requirement of the prior art because such terms are used for descriptive purposes and are intended to be broadly construed.
Moreover, the description and illustration of various embodiments of the disclosure are examples and the disclosure is not limited to the exact details shown or described.
