Patent Application
20200070935
The disclosure relates to a system and a method of stabilizing a working platform arranged on a floating structure.
Additionally, the instant disclosure relates to a motion compensation system installed on a floating structure, which provides a stable, actively or passively operated platform that moves regardless of the deck to ensure a stable performance of operations during offshore activities.
More particularly, a system is disclosed which comprises:
The disclosed system may comprise an additional system, e.g. an active heave compensator, integrated with the present one to reduce the rest movement even further. The assembly may comprise additional devices in order to compensate the motion of a structure and to sustain the position of the working platform in terms of performed activities and demand. Also disclosed is a method for utilizing the disclosed system.
It is well known that the irregularity of wave patterns causes disturbances impacting operability and performance of floating vessels. The undesirable action of inertial forces together with shifts in the direction of gravity of the floating structure affect the precision of operation. Rapid changes in movement of the compensation system are required with regards to gravity.
All the various activities performed on offshore vessels, related to oilfield and maritime operations as well as harbor engineering services, or offshore energy exploration activities are subject to the safety rules and must meet certain requirements depending on the application. Whether it is a cargo or multi-purpose ship, offshore oil vessels such as drilling rigs or supply boats, some operations would benefit from a deck area which remains stable under changeable environmental conditions. The range of activities at sea associated with drilling, well intervention, P&A, assembling, maintenance, repair, painting, lifting, conveyance or transferring, depends to a large extent on the vessel type, and more specifically from its response to sea waves and the systems installed onboard responsible for compensation of wave-induced motions.
It is well known, that small waves can induce large motions of lighter floating structures when a larger structure is near [5], [6]. Smaller vessels are prone to such response, and their compensation systems require high efficacy in order to avoid and/or minimize the results of surrounding conditions.
Large dynamically positioned drillships have their operational efficiency comparable with semisubmersible drilling rigs. The behavior of smaller units due to wave motion does not give satisfactory results in terms of the motion transfer functions (pitch, roll and heave are significant for high sea states), compared to large dynamically positioned vessels.
In drilling, many proven compensation systems on the market use a crown mounted compensator and a riser string compensator for heave motion compensation. Drill-string compensation system affects the derrick size, increasing its weight and height, hence those systems have detrimental effect on stability.
The well proven active heave motion compensating drawworks have good characteristics primarily in conditions of moderate environmental loads and large size vessels. For smaller size drillships, the motion behavior remains unsatisfactory. Whether it is a passive or active compensation system, additional installation of equipment is necessary. Thus, the occupied space increases as well.
The difference in the behavior of compensation cylinders under the action of static and dynamic forces can lead to significant variations in the response of these cylinders since the static forces introduce additional position errors. The motion of a ship creates the load changes for the compensation system. The disadvantage is that the system cannot react properly when those changes have similar values to the static friction of compensation cylinders. The leading systems on the market offer residual motion slightly less than 10%, an essential value in terms of riser string tension.
For smaller drillships, the location of moon pool is dependent on ratio of displacement to the product of length, width and draft, so called: block coefficient. The total weight of the derrick mounted above the moon pool plays significant role with regards to stability when compensating vertical and rotational movements as mentioned above. To minimize the heave amplitude on the drill floor, the location of moon pool must be at the point where the effect of combined heave and pitch is as minimal as possible.
Several invention patents relating to the moon pool have been issued, such as U.S. Pat. No. 6,561,112 issued to Benson, et al. The Benson's invention presents an independent moon pool platform deployed within the existing moon pool of a vessel, hence the motion of vessel is compensated too.
The system disclosed in EP 0 390 728 A2 patent relates to damping of the heave of floating structures, where a damping system is coupled to the tensioner system, varying tension and exerting damping forces on the floating rigs. This invention relates to semisubmersible platforms.
An example of invention regarding a motion compensation system is disclosed in Coles U.S. Pat. No. 8,613,322, describing an active compensation system for motion encountered during intervention operations.
Another example of active heave compensation system is disclosed in Roodenburg et al. US 2014/0014015 A1. The invention assumes the use of a motor generator and an electrical storage element, whilst the motor generator drives the loads and then regenerates the energy (stored in electrical element) from the heave motion cycle. The Roodenburg's et al. invention is an alternative to the well known active compensation systems which are hydraulic/gas pressure based. The disadvantage of such systems is their complexity which requires a costly system with regular and frequent maintenance intervals since there is a risk of leakage of hydraulic fluid causing environmental damages.
Croatto presented a vessel for various activities, which consists of the main deck mounted with a compensation unit, and another deck elevated above the moon pool. The compensation unit is designed to be multi-purpose, having bigger range of compensation compared with the known systems, and it may operate in a variety of operations, i.e. as an elevator when the carrier is disconnected from wellhead. The invention is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 9,051,783.
The invention related directly to the drill floor was disclosed in 1975 in Kellner U.S. Pat. No. 3,917,006. The floor level motion compensator pertains to rotary method for drilling wells from a floating vessel. This is a hydraulic cylinder-based method, where the cylinder is integrated with the driving joint of a drill-string and activated after measurement of load or fluid pressure, as a response to the drill-string tension.
Another motion compensation carrier frame which may be combined for instance with gantry cranes for transferring loads from a vessel to other construction, is disclosed in Koppert's U.S. Pat. No. 9,340,263.
A system for motion compensation, wherein a deck is attached to the riser and a sliding frame, is disclosed in Moncus et al. U.S. Pat. No. 6,929,071. The invention assumes that the system comprises a frame on the platform, with plurality of guides, and cylinders, which are driven by pneumatic means supplied by a recharging vessel and a gas delivery mechanism.
In 1965 D. Stewart presented a motion platform with six degrees of freedom (6DoF) for use in aerospace industry as a flight simulator. The Stewart platform consists of six linear actuators connected between a rigid top and base frames, enabling movement of those two frames in six degrees of freedom. The design was a modification of octahedral hexapod by Klaus Cappel disclosed in 1964 and the patent was granted in 1967.
One of the modern inventions based on the principle of Stewart platform is disclosed in Kim's U.S. Pat. No. 5,947,740. This system includes a base plate and a platform connected to each other by six hydraulic actuators with one additional vertically positioned actuator for weight supporting, located in the middle of the system. The invention relates to a cockpit model for training driving of a car.
The Stewart platform was adapted to offshore wind industry to access the wind turbines, enabling transferring of personnel from a service vessel. The adaptation of that system is disclosed in Van der Tempel et al.'s US 2014/0311393 A1, as well as US 2015/0375836 A1, and US 2016/0068236 A1. The size of the system introduced on the market depends on the type of vessel. The main assumption of the system is to provide a safe transferring of personnel and maintenance equipment from the vessel to the wind turbine. The intention is to place the system on rather smaller vessels, i.e. a supply vessel, hence the compensation platform must have minimal dimensions to be taken into account when designing. The load capacity is then limited too. The motion compensated platform has a gangway for personnel to walk through. The idea of the method of compensation is to drive the actuators to hold at least one carrier stationary in relation to the other element in the area that surrounds the vessel. The system consists of a pneumatic element to act against the gravitational force.
It is noticed that in WO 2011/008835 A2, a stabilization system for a self-supporting riser for downhole intervention is described. That system comprises a platform supported by cylinders, guide rails in order to prevent racking of those cylinders, as well as a frame preferably suspended on other cylinders below the platform, for pitch and roll stabilization. The vertically positioned cylinders for the platform are perpendicular to the vessel's deck, hence the platform remains parallel to the deck. These cylinders stabilize heave only and they all together move upwards and downwards, thus they can be mounted rigidly to the vessel. The cylinders for pitch and roll stabilization are attached to both the platform and the frame, hence the range of inclination of these cylinders is limited due to structural restraints. The hydraulic circuit for pitch and roll cylinders is a passive system with fixed volume of fluid.
It is also noticed that in WO 2013/180564 A1, a gangway supported by a 2-degrees-of-freedom hinged column is described. The column is set on a hinge connection with the same principle of its operation as a universal joint, or the commonest a Hooke's joint. This joint with two pivot pins with a 90 degrees angle enclosed between them, allows the column to rotate relative to the vessel and it can transmit heavy loads with quite large angle misalignment. As described in the document, one pivot pin is in the bracket fixed to the vessel, while the other one is connected to a turntable with a rotatable ring connected to the end part of the column. The fixed ring, in relation to which the rotatable one moves, has two lever arms where hydraulic cylinders are connected. Since the intention is to maintain vertical position of the column, the hydraulic cylinders mounted between the vessel and the lever arms are operated towards desired length (lengthened or shortened) as a response to direction of rolling and pitching movements. The hinge connection with the turntable allow the column (which is set on it) to swivel around the two horizontal pins and to swing towards different directions, giving a 3-degrees-of-freedom mechanism.
GB 2432174 B also published as US 2007/0107900 A1, describes a delivery system for downhole use which comprises a motion compensator. The platform there slides on four vertical beams which are supported rigidly by a frame. The movement up and downwards is maintained by a scissor mechanism and driven by hydraulic cylinders. The scissor mechanism raises the platform keeping it perpendicular to the vertical beams; hence it has the same horizontal position relative to the deck of the vessel. The hydraulic cylinders may either work as passive, acting as dampers, or there might be added two cylinders additionally, charged by an active system, for instance for retracting the platform.
In WO 2004/013452 A1, a two-part riser tensioning device is disclosed. A first part contains hydraulic cylinders connected between the riser and a displaceable frame. Another set of hydraulic cylinders is associated between the displaceable frame and the vessel. The displaceable frame, so called intermediate frame, has four guide bearings to provide vertical movement along guides in the vessel structure. This frame is provided with a mechanism arranged as suspended from the vessel structure. In such arrangement, a horizontal displacement is limited by the vessel structure and the lateral forces are mostly taken by the hydraulic cylinders and the vessel structure.
Another riser tensioning system is disclosed in WO 2011/133552 A1. This system as well comprises a plurality of inclined to the center axis hydraulic cylinders for controlling the vertical position of the riser. A transfer of lateral loads is taken by a gimbal mechanism comprising two rings mounted together on perpendicular axes, and acting between the platform and the riser, which may tilt in relation to the platform. A torque transfer from the riser occurs through components between the tensioning ring, gimbal mechanism and the platform. Such inclination in the arrangement of cylinders seems to refer to the Stewart platform.
The presented prior art in the field of compensation of motion at sea gives opportunities for individual selection with regards to the application. The commonly used principle of operation for such systems is a cylinder-based solution. Taking into consideration a wide variety of applications, the polygonal platforms may serve as the most universal ones. However, this particular arrangement of actuators requires a significant increase in the size of actuators when large movements are to be considered. This is not only with regards to the physical limitations in performance, but it entails an increase in power supply and additional space to be provided for the size of equipment. Many inventions assume the use of a weight supporting actuator located centrally under the carrying platform, which in turn may interfere with the location of the operating equipment used in particular processes, e.g. drilling. Another issue is the arrangement of the carrier platform which in most cases is provided with constant angle relative to the deck of the vessel. This, in result, requires yet another platform to be arranged, in order to carry personnel safely. The other systems can be utilized to provide stabilization of the carrying platform, but they still require another large system to compensate the movements, even though with unsatisfactory results with regards to demands of modern technology.
The disclosed embodiments remedy or reduce at least one of the drawbacks of the prior art, or at least provide a useful alternative to prior art.
Moreover, it would be desirable to provide a system that would be suitable for vessels with unsatisfactory characteristics of motion with regards to the sea states, to improve their performance and enhance their efficiency towards modern technologies.
It would also be desirable to provide a novel system that could increase and ensure safe operations, transportation or any other means during its use.
The disclosed system keeps a substantially level working platform in a desired position, said working platform being arranged movable to a floating vessel or floating structure, wherein a set of elongate lifting actuators are connected pivotal to a base structure and to the working platform via numerous pivotal joints to compensate for pitch, roll and heave movements imposed by the floating vessel or structure, wherein the system further comprises sensor means to record pitch, roll and heave movements.
The system further comprises a working frame which in one embodiment may have a first upper end fixed to the working platform and a second lower end connected movable to the base structure by a set of balance actuators and a pivotal joint, said actuators and pivotal joint are arranged to tilt the working frame in a desired angle to compensate for movements imposed by the floating vessel or structure and maintain the working platform in a desired position.
The working frame comprises in one embodiment a first and second vertical beam and a horizontal beam extending between the first and second vertical beam, and two linear motion units arranged slideably to the respective vertical beams, wherein two actuators of said set of actuators are connected to one of said linear motion units and two further actuators of said set of actuators are connected to the other one of said linear motion units, wherein the horizontal beam is connected pivotal to the base structure about a substantially horizontal axis by a joint arrangement, and further at its respective ends connected pivotal to the linear motion units via pivotal joints.
The balance actuators are typically cylinder pistons driven hydraulically and/or pneumatically by a compressor assembly and supply lines, arranged to tilt the working frame in a desired angle.
The sensor means can comprise two or more pitch sensors and two or more roll sensors arranged at the base structure at the respective sides with respect to the working frame.
The set of lifting actuators comprises first pair of co-operating actuators arranged at a first end of the platform, each actuator in the first pair being arranged at opposite first and second sides of the working platform, and in a similar manner a second pair of co-operating actuators arranged at a second end of the platform, each actuator in the second pair arranged at said opposite first and second sides of the platform, said actuators being connected to the working platform by respective pivotal bearings, and connected pivotal to the base structure by bearings.
In one embodiment, the actuator and the actuator at said first side are connected to a common lower point to the base structure and having their longitudinal axis extending in a mutual angle increasing in direction upward, and similarly the actuator and the actuator at said second side are connected to a common lower point to the base structure and having their longitudinal axis extending in a mutual angle increasing in direction upward.
The actuators are in another embodiment extending substantially vertically and in parallel, and can in any embodiment be realized by cylinder pistons operated hydraulically and/or pneumatically by a compressor assembly and supply lines, arranged to move the working platform in a vertical direction.
According to one embodiment, two separate systems which are provided for balance and lifting with actuators arranged in the triangle-like or parallel configurations with their casings either upwards or downwards, providing a working platform independent of the floating structure. A first side of the platform is provided with a first pair of co-operating actuators arranged at a first end of the platform, each actuator in the first pair being arranged at opposite second and third sides of the platform, and in a similar manner a second pair of co-operating actuators arranged at a second end of the platform, each actuator in the second pair arranged at said opposite first and second sides of the platform. Furthermore, the vertical motion is supported by an arrangement of linear motion components connected with the platform, while the control of the lifting and the balance processes is provided by a control system. The actuators are advantageously operated by hydraulic fluid pressure.
The presented configuration provides control of motion in rotational pitch, roll and vertical heave displacements, providing a working platform independent of the vessel's deck. The design of working frame ensures a substantially constant angle relative to the platform, hence it limits any additional twisting of the construction, but it does not limit the platform in terms of the movement of the vessel. Thus, no additional platform is required. The forces generated by the hydraulic system keep this construction under control in all six degrees of freedom. The movement is controlled by measurements that drive signals to the actuators as a response to the actual displacement of the floating structure and may be used with regards to cargo transportation, or riser string tension on a drilling rig. The present motion compensation system reduces the need for commonly used large systems incorporated with the vessel, hence increasing its stability. The range of motion that can be compensated meets the modern practices for normal and suspended drilling and it may as well be used for transferring personnel, cargo or other activities. The working platform can be lowered for e.g. maintenance and when relocating the vessel.
The present invention is explained by examples of preferred embodiments which can be utilized in drilling, cargo, subsea construction, mining or educational purposes, with reference to the enclosed drawings, in which:
In the following, identical reference numerals will refer to identical or similar features in the drawings. The figures are schematic and simplified, and the various features therein are not necessarily drawn to scale.
With reference to
In one embodiment, the lifting actuators 8 can be mounted with their casings downwards. Referring to
The rotational movements in pitch direction
With reference to
The balance actuators 9 may be deactivated in case of need. In the event of a defect in the balance actuators 9 and/or the accumulator/compressor assembly 16, the control system 17 remains inactive. In such case, the triangular arrangement of the lifting actuators 8 as well as the substantially constant angle between the working platform 4 and the vertical beams of the working frame 6 and 6b, provides controlled pitch and heave directions. The balance process can be provided e.g. when the bearing joint arrangements 12 and 13 are mechanically locked and the lifting actuators 8 are operated by the fluid without gas through conduits 21 in order to flow between the paired actuators 8 (AB-CD), hence to keep the working platform 4 balanced.
In another embodiment, with reference to
In yet another embodiment,
In a preferred embodiment, the motion compensated platform 3 or 3a is provided on a vessel or floating structure 1, 1a, where it fulfills the role of a drill floor, with reference to
In one embodiment, with reference to
In another particular embodiment, the working platform 4 with reference to
In another embodiment, the motion compensated platform 3 or 3a can be utilized for handling of cargo, such as precision machinery or military equipment, which is prone to damages with slight shock during transportation. Since cargo operations are affected by environmental conditions and mooring arrangements, a relatively stable deck area should be provided for such loads, especially when loading and/or off-loading from one floating structure to another. The motion compensation platform 3 or 3a can be provided, with reference whether to
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. Use of the verb “comprise” and its conjugations does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those stated in a claim. The article “a” or “an” preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.
To summarize: the system for compensation of motions of a self-leveling working platform which moves regardless of the floating structure, comprises:
The horizontal beam 6a is set on a bearing joint arrangement 12 providing rotation of said beam relative to one axis only. The horizontal beam 6a comprises two bearing joint arrangements 13 at its ends, providing rotation relative to axis perpendicular to the rotation axis of said beam 6a. The arrangements of linear motion units 7 are connected either with the working platform 4 in a rigid manner or with the horizontal beam 6a as rotatable ones relative to axis which is perpendicular to that beam 6a.
At least one linear motion unit 7 comprises at least one of the group of: housings, internal bearing frame, rolling members, sliding pads and guide bearings, and further comprising a self-lubrication system that provides lubricant for the sliding or rolling members.
The lifting system comprises:
The working platform 4 comprises advantageously a plurality of bearing joint arrangements 10, 23 for the lifting actuators 8, providing multidirectional movement of said platform 4 relative to heave, pitch and roll axes, regardless of the floating structure 1, 1a.
Moreover, the actuators 8 are advantageously located towards E1 are paired with the actuators 8 towards E2, providing a self-leveling movement of the associated working platform 4 by pneumatic means with respect to each other.
The base structure 5 comprises advantageously a plurality of bearing joint arrangements 11, 12, 24 for the horizontal beam 6a and the actuators 8 from the lifting system, arranged either with their casings upwards or downwards.
The balance system with its actuators 9 for the working frame 4 is advantageously driven actively by hydraulic or a combination of hydraulic and pneumatic means.
The lifting system with actuators 8 for the working platform 4 may be driven actively or passively by hydraulic or a combination of hydraulic and pneumatic means.
In one embodiment, the actuators 8 from the lifting system, do not move all together in the same range of stroke length due to their configurations in terms of motions relative to heave, roll and pitch, enabling the working platform 4 to remain independent of the deck of the floating structure 1, 1a.
Contrary to the system described in WO 2011/008835 A2 mentioned in the background section of the description, the balance actuators 9 for pitch and roll disclosed herein are preferably driven actively. The working platform 4 supported by the lifting actuators 8 is not dependent on the deck of the vessel during normal operation and it may only be parallel to the deck either when the platform is in the park position, or the working frame 6 is mechanically locked, or there is no significant motion of the vessel. Furthermore, the lifting actuators 8 in the triangle-like configuration generate forces which act in heave and pitch. They as well move in roll but their movement is stabilized by the working frame 6, so they cannot be mounted rigidly to the vessel. Additionally, the lifting actuators 8 do not move all together in the same range since they are paired to balance themselves and yet the obtained horizontal position of the working platform 4 depends on the seabed or land. In this way, it is independent of the deck, which is contrary to the prior art heave stabilization system. Moreover, the working frame 6 including its vertical beams is mounted by bearing joint arrangements in order to provide pivotal movement, contrary to guide rails which are firmly attached to the vessel. Further, the working frame 6 is located on at least one side of the platform, not above or below, as stated in WO 2011/008835 A2 and it is balanced by actuators 9, and it is associated with the working platform 4 by linearly sliding motion units 7.
Contrary to the system described in WO 2013/180564 A1, the horizontal beam 6a of the working frame 6 is set on a bearing joint arrangement 12 that allows rotation around one horizontal axis only. No pivotal movement around the vertical axis is allowed. Hence, there are two vertical beams 6, 6b mounted at the ends of the horizontal beam 6a by separate bearing joint arrangements 13 allowing rotation in orthogonal axis. These two vertical beams 6, 6b are supported by own balance actuators 9 and arranged slideably with the working platform 4 by plurality of linear motion units 7, providing a constant angle between the working platform 4 and the vertical beams 6, 6b. The configuration of the lifting actuators 8 and the working frame 6, 6a, 6b supported by the balance actuators 9, provides a horizontal position of the working platform 4 according to the given reference points. In such case, the transverse pitch and the longitudinal roll displacements are at the same time compensated by two systems: the balance and the lifting ones.
Contrary to the system described in GB 2432174 B, the disclosed embodiments have two systems for lifting and balancing purposes. The balance actuators 9, supporting the working frame 6, 6a, 6b are charged by an active system, but they may as well be driven in an active/passive manner. Furthermore, as mentioned above, the vertical beams 6b, as well as the whole working frame 6 cannot be mounted or supported rigidly since they are intended to provide pivotal movement, thus they are supported by bearing joint arrangements 12, 13. As a result, the working platform 4 is independent of the vessel's deck. Additionally, the triangle-like configuration of the lifting actuators 8 supported by the balance actuators 9, keeps the working platform 4 horizontal relative to the seabed or land.
Contrary to the system described in WO 2004/013452 A1, the disclosed embodiments have their own guiding in a form of working frame 6 which is not limited by the vessel structure in its horizontal displacement, and the movement of which is balanced by actuators 9. The working frame 6 takes lateral forces and loads that arise while keeping the working platform 4 in horizontal position, and yet it provides pivotal movements.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20161938 | Dec 2016 | NO | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/NO2017/050314 | 12/4/2017 | WO | 00 |
