Patent Application
20240052636
The invention relates to a system and method for connecting textile-reinforced structural modules along at least one connecting edge, wherein each structural module has at least one continuous edge groove comprising yarn loops at least along the connecting edge. The invention further relates to an apparatus and a method for producing a textile reinforcement comprising at least one yarn arranged within a base frame, or for producing a textile-reinforced structural module comprising the textile reinforcement and a curable material, wherein a shaping device is provided which comprises a free-forming shaping layer on the forming surface of which the reinforcement or the structural module is formed. The invention also relates to a concrete component comprising concrete structural modules connected to form the concrete component, and to a printer description file for producing a wedge element and/or a shell element as parts of the system for connecting textile-reinforced structural modules, and a yarn deposition file for carrying out a method for producing a textile reinforcement.
Devices and processes for the production of textile reinforcement are known from the prior art, as is the production of double-curved molds or free forms. DE 10 2015 100 438 B3 describes a process for the production of precast elements from textile concrete, in which a previously formed tensioned textile is arranged in a formwork as reinforcement and cast with concrete. For this purpose, the tensioned textile is first formed from a yarn free of polymeric binders by means of a laying device in a base frame, in that the yarn is laid under mechanical tension between yarn holding devices arranged on the base frame. It is not possible to produce curved or freely shaped components.
A formwork table for the production of double-curved or free-formed components from hardening materials, particularly concrete, is known from DE 198 23 610 B4. The formwork table comprises a forming face, a substructure for supporting the forming face, and adjusting devices for supporting and reversibly deforming the substructure and thus the forming face. The substructure consists of a bendable grating that can be distorted in one plane. A cover with an elastic membrane or installing a distortable sealing substance in the grid is provided for sealing. The subsequent connection of several components is provided. However, it is impossible to make a reinforcement, especially a textile reinforcement, in the formwork.
A system for connecting reinforced structural modules is known from the publication DE 20 2006 007 316 U1, in which each structural module has at least one peripheral edge groove having loops at least along the connecting edge, wherein the device has a wedge element with wedges on at least one outer surface. Shell elements having inner surfaces corresponding to the wedges are included for this purpose. The wedge element and the at least one shell element are provided for insertion into the at least two edge grooves with the overlapping loops, such that the wedges and the corresponding surfaces face each other. The wedge element is provided for partial extraction or insertion, in this case by means of wedges, relative to the at least one shell element, so that by means of wedge action between the wedges and the corresponding surfaces, the shell elements are spread away from each other, and the overlapping loops looping around the device are simultaneously drawn towards each other. However, the loops are not connected to the reinforcement; they are inserted into the less load-bearing matrix material into which the forces are transferred. The shell elements are short, rigid, and rectilinear-tubular in shape, so they do not allow the continuous connection or connection of nonlinear edge grooves. Each shell element must also be fixed separately to spread the adjacent loops and represent only one locally acting connection in each case.
The invention relates to a system for connecting textile-reinforced structural modules along a connecting edge (76) having an edge groove (74) comprising yarn loops (4). According to the invention, the system comprises a wedge element (410) and two shell elements (420) having a keyway (422) and is provided for insertion into the two edge grooves (74) having overlapping yarn loops (4), wherein further the wedge element (410) is provided for partial extraction from the two oppositely arranged keyways (422) so that the shell elements (420) can be spread away from each other by wedge action and the yarn loops (4) can be pulled together. The invention further relates to an apparatus and a method for producing a textile reinforcement (10) comprising a yarn (2) arranged within a base frame (100) or for producing a textile-reinforced structural module (72) comprising the textile reinforcement (10) and a curable material, wherein a freely formable shaping device (200) is provided on which the structural module is formed. According to the invention, the textile reinforcement (10) can be formed between yarn holding devices (130, 180) arrangeable on bendable frame strips (110).
The invention also relates to a concrete component comprising connected concrete structural modules and a printer description file, and a yarn deposition file.
It is, therefore, the task of the present invention to provide a device and a method for producing a textile reinforcement and/or a structural module in a formwork table suitable for the production of free forms and, as a further task, for flexibly and securely connecting the structural modules.
The problem is solved by a system for connecting textile-reinforced structural modules, hereinafter also referred to as edge connection, wherein the structural modules are preferably concrete structural modules, and the connection is made along at least one connecting edge. The connecting edge is one of the outer edges of the structural modules prepared and suitable for connection, mainly using emerging yarn loops forming part of the textile reinforcement and formed edge grooves. Therefore, each structural module has at least partially continuous yarn loops along the connecting edge. Continuous means that one yarn loop is formed adjacent to the other, preferably with even spacing, across the area in question. The yarn loops may originate from the reinforcement emerging from the curable material, formed by the yarn loops placed around the yarn retaining device, or yarn loops placed separately in the curable material, preferably the concrete without direct connection to the reinforcement. Furthermore, an edge groove is required along the connecting edge because the connecting elements can be arranged in a concealed manner therein, while the two edges bounding the edge groove serve as connecting edges for the positioning of the structural modules to be connected.
For insertion into the at least two edge grooves arranged opposite one another for assembly, for connection to one another, with the overlapping yarn loops emerging there as part of the textile reinforcement of the structural modules to be connected, a system for connecting textile-reinforced structural modules, hereinafter referred to as edge connection, is provided. The edge connection comprises at least one, preferably at least two, shell elements, for example, formed as flat shells, each having a keyway according to the preferred embodiment and a wedge element inserted between the shell elements. According to an advantageous embodiment, the wedge and/or the shell elements also have their internal reinforcement to increase the tensile strength and/or the compressive strength.
According to the present invention, the yarn loops are part of the textile reinforcement of the structural modules and are integrally connected to them. This means that a yarn first passes through the area of textile reinforcement inside the structural module, then emerges from the structural module in the area of the edge grooves and forms the loop.
The wedge element and the at least one shell element that form the edge connection or the central connection follow the course of the connection edge continuously over its entire length. This applies in particular even if the connection edge runs non-linearly, e.g., in curves, to which the wedge element and the at least one shell element can adapt. The wedge element and the at least one shell element enable such adaptation through the use of materials that withstand compressive loads transverse to the longitudinal axis but are nevertheless flexible or plastically formable in the longitudinal direction. The compressive load is evenly distributed along the length of the shell elements by a large number of yarn loops so that local load peaks are avoided.
Instead of shaping wedge elements and shell elements that are originally aligned in a straight line, according to an advantageous embodiment, it is also possible to produce the wedge elements and the shell elements in a generative production process, e.g., in a 3D printer, in the desired curved shape predetermined by the course of the edge grooves of the structural modules.
According to an advantageous further development, wedge elements and/or shell elements consist of a composite material, whereby a fiber reinforcement is provided. This may comprise, for example, carbon or glass fibers and epoxy resin as matrix material. Alternatively, the structure can also be made from layers of a composite material or another suitable sheet-like material. In particular, the choice of material also consistently avoids corrosion problems.
The purpose of the wedge element is that it can be inserted into the two opposing wedge grooves of the shell elements so that when the wedge element is partially pulled out, the shell elements can be spread away from each other, and the overlapping yarn loops can be pulled together. This is achieved by a preferably redundant wedge-shaped design of the contacting surfaces, with the wedging action occurring between the outer surface of the wedge element and the inner surfaces of the wedge grooves facing the wedge element in the installed state. Relative longitudinal movement of the wedge element and the shell element in the first direction of movement causes the wedges of the wedge element and the keyway, which are incorporated in the surfaces, to run up and interact. It causes the shell elements to spread away from the wedge element.
Since the yarn loops of one structural module are looped around the edge connection, which is arranged on the side of the edge connection facing away from this structural module, this structural module is pulled towards the edge connection. The second structural module is pulled in accordingly so that both structural modules are pulled together and thus ultimately firmly connected by the connection edges being pulled firmly against each other.
The yarn loops overlap in different ways depending on the embodiment of the device for connecting textile-reinforced structural modules. According to a first embodiment, the yarn loops of both structural modules to be connected have the same orientation and interlock before the device for connecting textile-reinforced structural modules is inserted into the yarn loops.
According to an advantageous embodiment, the shell element and wedge elements are flexible and follow the curvature of the edges of the structural modules. This also allows the free-form structural modules of the invention to be connected together to form a component. The freeform or freeform surface includes a single curvature, a double curvature, a ruled surface composed of straight lines in a specific manner, a surface of revolution, a translational surface, a non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS, a mathematically defined curve or surface for arbitrary modeling shapes), and geometrically undefined surfaces.
More than two structural modules can be connected according to an alternative embodiment of shell elements and wedge elements. According to the solution provided for this purpose, they must be inserted into the yarn loops of each of the structural modules to be connected.
According to a preferred embodiment, the interlocking yarn loops are aligned such that the yarn loops form a joint opening for the insertion of the edge connection; in particular, according to the preferred embodiment, the yarn loops are aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the edge groove, wherein alternative angular positions are also provided. Alternatively, the yarn loops are aligned in the plane of a connecting edge and are bound into a loop bed by one connecting edge each, wherein the loop bed is also spread during assembly utilizing shell elements and wedge elements, but in a modified form. The advantage of using loop beds is that the time-consuming insertion of shell elements and wedge elements into the overlapping yarn loops is unnecessary.
A solution in which the contact surfaces between the shell element and the wedge element have an interposed rolling track helps reduce frictional losses and increase the spreading force.
It has also proved advantageous if an assembly aid is provided, which engages in the edge grooves of the structural modules to be connected and holds them in the required position for assembly. It is particularly advantageous if shell elements and wedge elements can be guided inside the assembly aid so that the assembly aid remains in the connected structural modules. This facilitates the structural modules' positioning and subsequent connection and simplifies assembly.
The problem is further solved by an apparatus for producing a textile reinforcement comprising at least one yarn arranged within a base frame, or for producing a textile-reinforced structural module comprising the textile reinforcement and a curable material, in particular concrete. The textile reinforcement may be in the form of a mesh. In the latter alternative, the apparatus also serves as a formwork.
The structural module is an independently produced module intended as a component of a higher-level, larger structure, a component, and which is assembled with other structural modules to form the component. A curable material is any material that can be fluidly introduced into a mold and cured there to form a solid structural module. In the context of the present invention, concrete, in particular, is provided as such a curable material.
Furthermore, a shaping device, preferably free-formable using a control device and comprises a shaping layer, is provided as an essential component. The reinforcement or structural module is formed on the forming plane, on the upper side of the shaping layer.
The preferred control equipment also includes drive elements, such as motors, and force transmission elements that transmit the force of the drive elements, e.g., utilizing traction cables, up to the shaping layer. For alternative shaping layers, the control devices also include equipment for surface processing, such as milling cutters or additive or generative production.
Alternatively, non-controllable, non-flexible shaping devices are provided, the shaping layer of which is brought into the desired shape, for example, in two planes and thus into a free form, by other means, for example, by machining a shaping block, for example, formed as a wax block, steel, wood or foam block, the surface of a sand mold or by a method of additive or generative production, and can accommodate the reinforcement and the curable material on the upper side, of the forming surface.
According to the invention, yarn holding devices are provided, between which the textile reinforcement can be formed by guiding the yarn from a first yarn holding device to a second yarn holding device and so on and depositing it on the forming plane. Furthermore, bendable frame strips are provided to arrange the yarn holding devices. The frame strips are bendable in order to be able to adapt to the topography of the shaping layer, even if it has been formed into a free-form shape, for example. A compensation layer can also be used to achieve even better compensation or adaptation between the shaping layer and the frame strips.
The frame strips can be arranged to the base frame to create different geometric shapes such as rectangles, triangles, or polygons with varying dimensions and angles. Open shapes can also be created. The base frame forms the framework for depositing the yarn as textile reinforcement, and the yarn is stretched between the frame strips. The ends of the frame strip can overlap; the overlapping ends of the frame strip form the corners of the base frame.
Advantageously, the shaping layer comprises a free-forming core layer formed from core elements. The core elements are movably connected to each other using connectors and form a kind of mat or grid.
The core layer has an outer sealing layer on a shaping layer, an upper side of the forming layer on which the reinforcement or the structural module is formed, and an inner sealing layer on the plane opposite the forming plane. The inner sealing layer enables fluid pressure to be built up in a pressure vessel, the forming layer's top side. Controllable actuators, such as control cables, can act against the fluid pressure and are connected at articulation points to the forming layer or directly to the core layer. They are driven, for example, by controllable motors. Other types of actuators can be pneumatic actuators or mechanical linear actuators.
In addition, the space between the outer sealing layer and the inner sealing layer forms a fluid-tight area, allowing other fluids to be introduced there under pressure and, above all, stabilizing the outer sealing layer. The individual core elements are connected to each other via overflow openings arranged in the area of the connectors.
According to alternative embodiments, the free-form shaping layer is designed as a free-form surface, or free-form surface made, for example, from a mold block, in particular a wax block, steel, wood, or foam block, in a sand mold or from a surface produced using additive or generative production from the materials available for this purpose. These surfaces can be designed as required but cannot be changed flexibly, as is the case with the previously described shaping layer with its core layer.
Preferably, the yarn holding devices are designed as horizontal yarn holding devices, comprising a base body and two horizontally arranged yarn holding rollers, around which the yarn can be placed in a yarn loop. Alternatively, the yarn holding devices are designed as vertical yarn holding devices with two vertically arranged yarn holding rollers. The yarn holding rollers are arranged one behind the other in the direction of the yarn. This allows a yarn loop of the required length to be formed, particularly for forming an edge connection of the structural modules connect them.
It has proven advantageous to provide a yarn gate or yarn guide through which the yarn exits the horizontal yarn holding device or the vertical yarn holding device. This also allows the yarn to protrude from the yarn holding device at a certain angle without fear of slipping off the yarn from the holding rollers. In particular, the yarn guide offers a high degree of flexibility in this regard. For example, the yarn guide allows the two ends of the yarn loop to exit at a greater distance from each other, which advantageously already corresponds to an intended grid dimension of the reinforcement.
The resulting yarn loop in the vertical yarn holding device with yarn holding rollers arranged in the vertical axis of rotation has a twisted position compared to the position resulting from the horizontal yarn holding device.
An embodiment of the horizontal yarn holding device or the vertical yarn holding device in which the base body has an electrically operable holding magnet has proved advantageous. This enables the horizontal yarn holding device or the vertical yarn holding device to be temporarily attached to a magnetic substrate in a controllable manner. At first, consider the frame strip as substrate.
Further development of this solution offers particular advantages, in which the frame strips have longitudinally running electrically contactable conductive tracks, which are arranged on the surface facing the yarn holding device. The conductive track can be connected to a current source, which is preferably done at one end of the conductive tracks or the frame strips. The conductive tracks may supply electrical power to the holding magnet so that the holding magnet holds the yarn holding device on the frame strip as long as the conductive tracks supply power, and the horizontal yarn holding device or the vertical yarn holding device can be easily disassembled after the power supply is interrupted. The holding magnet can be designed as a solenoid.
An advantageous embodiment of the present invention provides a yarn deposit device suitable for placing the yarn over the yarn holding devices according to a predetermined pattern, forming the yarn loops there and producing the reinforcement in this way. In connection with appropriate control of the yarn deposit device, the production of the reinforcement can be automated.
According to a further development of the previously described embodiment, the yarn depositing device comprises an impregnating yarn device that can provide the yarn with a curable, flowable impregnating agent immediately before depositing. Alternatively, different methods and materials are provided for fixing the yarns after deposition. According to one method, the yarn used is a hybrid fiber to which thermoplastic fibers, and thus fibers that can be thermally activated for bonding, have been added during production. During thermal activation after yarn deposition, the thermoplastic fibers melt and bond together the fibers suitable for load transfer, e.g., carbon fibers. In this case, the thermally activable material is cured as soon as the thermoplastic fibers have cooled down and returned to their solid aggregate state.
According to another method for fixing, the yarn is impregnated with a curable fiber matrix material with which the yarn is stabilized. This can be done immediately after the yarn is produced, wherein the yarn is used pre-impregnated and must be protected from undesirable premature curing prior to use. Alternatively, the impregnation may be performed immediately prior to deposition, as described above. Preferably, reactive resins, such as epoxy resin, or aqueous dispersions, e.g., based on acrylate or styrene-butadiene, can be considered as curable material. Depending on the material, curing can be carried out by temperature radiation, UV radiation, radiation from an LED lamp, microwave radiation, or the like.
It is also envisaged to use a curable fiber matrix material comprising electrically conductive materials (for example, carbon platelets or nanotubes) or an electrically conductive coating for the yarn.
This makes it possible to produce reinforcement that can be removed from the shaping device in a fixed form and fed for further use even without subsequent concreting.
A further embodiment of the yarn deposit device has a cover film application device that can provide the yarn after deposit at least partially, at least over part of its length, with a protective cover layer. The covering layer forms a kind of tunnel in which the yarn is protected from undesired lateral displacement and remains displaceable in the longitudinal direction to such an extent that length adjustment can still occur. The cover layer is applied, for example, as a self-adhesive film or utilizing sealing rollers acting on the edges of the cover layer.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for producing a textile reinforcement comprising a yarn or a textile-reinforced structural module comprising the textile reinforcement and a curable material, in particular concrete. A shaping layer is provided, which is curved using a control device when required at least twice, i.e., in two planes, or moreover, forms a free-form surface as defined above.
According to the invention, the textile reinforcement is formed between yarn holding devices, and further, the yarn holding devices are arranged on bendable frame strips in any arrangement, preferably by automated removal from a magazine and deposit. The frame strips are, in turn, arranged in any geometric figure to form the base frame.
The automated arrangement of the yarn holding devices on the flexible frame strips is facilitated by equipping the yarn holding devices with an electrically operable holding magnet. This goes into operation as soon as the yarn holding device with its base body and the electrical contacts arranged on its underside is placed on the cable tracks arranged on the frame strip and connected to an electrical power source, and the electrical contact is thus established. To facilitate disassembly, the power supply is interrupted.
Preferably, the yarn is laid during the formation of the textile reinforcement so that the yarn loops protrude outward, beyond the curable material or the area to be concreted. Advantageously, however, the yarn loops lie in the edge grooves of the structural module. In any case, it has proved advantageous if the yarn is deposited on a device as described above.
The problem of the present invention is also solved by a method for connecting textile-reinforced structural modules along at least one connecting edge, wherein each structural module has at least one edge groove which at least partially encircles along the connecting edge and has yarn loops. According to the invention, an edge connection is introduced into both connection edges, which are already arranged opposite one another in the assembly position, and the yarn loops of, which interlock.
In this case, the edge connection comprises a respective shell element having a keyway, wherein a wedge element is inserted between the keyways. The wedge element is then displaced relative to the two wedge grooves, or shell elements arranged opposite one another, in practical application preferably pulled out, until the shell elements with the overlapping yarn loops are spread away from one another by wedge action and the structural modules, in particular the connecting edges, are simultaneously pulled together.
The use of a fixing agent secures the connection created in this way against the undesired loosening of the wedging, for example, as a result of vibrations. Even if the wedge element is not fully extended, the fixing agent prevents the wedge element from springing back. The fixing agent may be a curable material pressed into the spaces between the wedge and shell elements, particularly between the keyways and the wedge elements, ensuring a permanent, non-detachable connection. The curable material can be concrete and epoxy resin, which acts less aggressively than concrete on shell and wedge elements.
Alternatively, a releasable fixing agent may be considered. This is designed, for example, as a mechanical securing means, in particular, a screwable bolt, which secures the wedge element relative to one or both shell elements or the structural element. Another embodiment of a releasable fixing agent provides a non-curable material or a curable material with defined compressive strength, which prevents loosening of the connection in the event of vibration, but whose compressive strength can be overcome by a corresponding pull-out force applied to the wedge element.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to a concrete building component comprising concrete structural modules produced by a method and variants thereof as previously described. These are connected to form the concrete building component by a method as also previously described. It is further envisaged that the concrete component may comprise different types of textile reinforcement. This includes a tubular reinforcement element formed in a grit shape using the at least one continuously arranged intersecting yarn. In this regard, the intersecting portions of the at least one yarn are interconnected such that the interconnection has a shear elasticity such that the reinforcement element is equipped for intended extensibility in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the reinforcement element and the resulting deformation in the transverse direction. Another type of reinforcement, a textile transverse force reinforcement according to structural shape types, is particularly suitable for connecting two sandwiched shells of a concrete component.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to a printer description file according to claim 23. The printer description file is used for generatively producing the wedge element and/or the shell element as parts of the system for connecting textile-reinforced structural modules along at least one connecting edge according to any one of claims 1 to 6. The production is carried out in a generative process, e.g. in a 3D printer, or in a computer connected to a 3D printer. In this context, in the case where the wedge element and/or the shell element is designed as a composite material with its textile reinforcement, in addition to the application of matrix material in the 3D printer, the deposition of the textile reinforcement is also included, e.g., by inserting rovings. The generation in a 3D printer also enables the production of free shapes according to the course of the edge grooves of the structural modules to be connected.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to a yarn deposition file according to claim 24 for executing a method for producing a textile reinforcement according to any one of claims 19 to 21 when the yarn deposition file is executed on a yarn deposit device or in the computer connected to a computer-controlled yarn deposit device. The yarn deposition file comprises a procedure or algorithm for automatic yarn deposit.
A particular advantage of the present invention, especially the possibilities for connecting the concrete structure modules utilizing the edge connection, is that the connection can be made separable. This opens up entirely new possibilities in the construction industry. Until now, deconstruction of buildings, especially those made of concrete, has always been accompanied by irreversible destruction, producing, at best, recycled material suitable for low-grade uses. With the present invention, buildings can be repaired or modified and wholly or partially dismantled and rebuilt elsewhere. Thus, the concrete structural modules are not available for recycling, if not for disposal as waste, but for complete reuse. The energy used to produce the concrete is not lost, which helps the construction industry significantly improve energy efficiency and save CO2 emissions.
Based on the description of embodiments and their illustration in the accompanying drawings, the invention is explained in more detail below. It is shown:
According to the invention,
The base frame 100 is arranged on the shaping layer 250, created by frame strips 110 that overlap at the ends and form the corners of the base frame 100. Attached to the frame strips 110 are the yarn holding devices, described in detail later, between which yarn 2 is laid and by which it is held.
The embodiment of a shaping device 200 also shown is a solid shaping block for shaping, in the example, a wax block 290, the surface of which is formed as a shaping layer 250 following the requirements. In order to ensure that reinforcement ten also forms concave regions, the tension of yarn 2 must be selected to be correspondingly low when it is laid down. Alternatively, auxiliary means such as a cover film 20 can be used, compared with the description of the yarn deposit device 300 (
The electrical energy supplied to the conductive paths 120 via the connection line 122 enables the horizontal yarn holding device 130 to adhere to the frame strip 110 by magnetic force (compare
The yarn guide allows yarn 2 running into and out of a yarn loop 4 to be spread in a predetermined grid. The grid dimension corresponds to the diameter of a steering cylinder 140 (compare
A vertical yarn holding device 180 (cf.
The surface of the yarn gate 136 is designed to exert as little force as possible on the yarn 2, in particular by friction, utilizing a correspondingly low-friction design of the surface. Preferably, the yarn gate is made of metal, composite material, or another suitable material that is present as a thick rod and is formed into a suitable shape to grip the yarn 2 and hold it in the intended position. This applies according to the yarn guide 138 and the design of the surfaces that contact the yarn 2.
The difference between the two illustrations illustrates the effect of the horizontal yarn holding device 136, which specifies a particular position of the yarn loop 4, its orientation plane 6. Without the horizontal yarn holding device 136, the yarn loop 4 assumes an undefined position tilts into an arbitrary orientation plane 6, whereas when the horizontal yarn holding device 136 is used, this takes place a substantially vertical orientation, alternatively at a certain angle, deviating from the vertical. The angle of the orientation plane 6 is essential for the subsequent use of the reinforcement, at the outer edge of which the yarn loops 4 emerge and are available for use, particularly for connecting structural modules. Compare in particular
It can further be seen that not only the guidance of yarn 2, of which only a cross-section is shown, can be controlled in the plane, but also the vertical position can be predetermined. For this purpose, both the yarn holding rollers 134 and the yarn gate 136′ are attached to the base body 132 in an elevated position in an alternative embodiment. In order to attach the yarn holding rollers 134 in an elevated position, an elevated support stand 135′ is provided.
With the vertical yarn holding device 180, it is possible to form the yarn loop 4 formed over the yarn holding rollers 134 in a different, essentially horizontal orientation compared to the horizontal yarn holding device. Furthermore, a holding magnet 160 with contacts 162 is provided for screwing to the underside of the base body 132.
View b) has two different horizontal yarn holding devices 130, which differ in their working height, whereby reference is also made to the explanation for
For more details on the structure of the shaping layer 250, please refer to
A fluid pump 232 is provided to introduce fluid 230 into the pressure vessel 210 and to control the fluid pressure 234 of the fluid 230. This delivers fluid 230 via fluid inlet 236 into pressure vessel 210, which builds up the required internal pressure.
After the fluid pressure 234 is built up, the shaping layer 250 has a uniform camber 202. In order to achieve the ultimate desired topography of the surface of the shaping layer 250, it is pulled in the direction of floor 214 at several points against the fluid pressure 234. For this purpose, control cables 244 are provided on the shaping layer 250 at articulation points 246, which can be pulled by control motors 242. The control motors 242 are controlled utilizing a control device 240, which determines which of the control motors 242 must retract the corresponding control cable 244 by which length to achieve the desired height of the shaping layer 250 at the relevant position.
The side of the shaping layer 250 facing away from pressure vessel 210 has a forming plane formed as an outer sealing layer 264. This prevents contamination of the interior of the shaping layer 250 and already ensures a substantially flat surface, irrespective of the internal structure of the shaping layer 250. In order that the outer sealing layer 264 does not sink in, locally, at the points where it rests on a core layer 252 (compare
According to the invention,
The core layer 252 consists of individual, interconnected core elements 254. To prevent fluid 230 from the pressure vessel 210 from entering the core layer 252, the side of the core layer 252 facing the pressure vessel 210 is sealed using the inner sealing layer 228. The core elements 254 are connected to one another fluidly via overflow openings 258 and mechanically via connectors 256. They are furthermore provided with an iron insert 257.
The upper side of the shaping layer 250, on the other hand, is provided with the outer sealing layer 264, the function of which has already been mentioned in the explanations for
This is immediately followed by applying a cover film 20, which is also conveyed from a roll, a cover film dispenser 322, and pressed onto the yarn 2 and against the shaping layer 250 utilizing a cover film pressing roller 324. This covers and secures yarn 2 (compare
The edge connection 400 can be used as unidirectional edge connection 400, as shown in
The in-plane connection includes solutions in which the edge connection 400 runs in the plane of concrete slabs or parallel to the concrete slabs, regardless of their topography. The horizontal course, in-plane connection, is predominantly used for shell and slab structures horizontally developed structures (cf.
To extend the functionality, there are the out-of-plane solutions, in which the edge connection 400 is arranged perpendicular to the plane of the concrete structures. In the case of the non-horizontal edge connection 400, the out-of-plane connection, concrete structures must be in the form of a grid or a cellular structure (cf.
The height and width of the wall elements or structural modules 72 with vertically oriented edge connection 400 or central connection 403 (cf.
FIG. shows 40 a schematic sectional view of three further embodiments of an edge connection 400. According to view a), the embodiment represents a standard form in which all components consist of the same material. In the embodiment, according to view b), all components comprise a composite material or composite material that has been joined in layers on top of each other. According to view c), the embodiment has a dedicated wedge reinforcement 414 of the flat wedge element 410 for higher tensile strength and thus greater wedge forces.
View b) shows two concrete structural modules 72 in sandwich construction, where both shells of the sandwich construction have their edge connection 400. Similarly, the edge connection 400 is suitable for connecting flat concrete structural modules 72, as shown in view c).
The previously described unidirectional edge connection 400 connects two concrete structural modules 72 (see, e.g.,
Therefore, to extend the functionality of the edge connection 400, as shown in
In this case, several webs of adjacent concrete structural modules 72 cross at a common multidirectional edge connection, the central connection 403. The yarn loops 4 (cf., e.g.,
The central connection 403 has the same key components as the unidirectional edge connection 400. The multidirectional central connection 403 also comprises a central part, designed as a cylindrical wedge element 413, and several side parts designed as cylindrical shells 423. In this regard, the wedge element is also provided with a circular cross-section and is configured as a cylindrical wedge element 413, just as the shell elements are configured as a section of a circular ring, as a cylindrical shell 423. The cylindrical wedge element 413 can have different contours on its surface according to the illustration in
The multidirectional central connection 403 is similar in function to the edge connection 400, which is also designed to extend transversely through the textile yarn loops 4 (cf., inter alia,
However, an essential difference between the central connection 403 and the edge connection 400 is the introduction of a resilient circular ring holder 424. In the case of a multidirectional central connection 403, the resilient circular ring holder 424 holds the associated components together before the central connection 403 is introduced into the joint channel formed by the interlocking yarn loops 4. The circular ring holder 424 can theoretically also be used for the unidirectional edge connector to hold its components together prior to insertion into the edge grooves.
Instead, regarding the embodiment according to
Furthermore, a transverse reinforcement 16, a structural shape reinforcement made of a textile grid-like structure, is shown, which both engages the two shells of the sandwich element and represents the connection and spacing structure between the two shells.
Further, a grid tubular reinforcement 18 is provided to allow high forces to be introduced in the intended direction and to dissipate those forces. The grid tubular reinforcement 18 can also dissipate forces across multiple concrete structural modules 72. For this purpose, a reinforcement strand 19 is inserted into the grid tubular reinforcement 18. A conduit may also be passed therethrough in place of the reinforcement strand 19.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2019 126 607.6 | Oct 2019 | DE | national |
This application is the U.S. national stage of International Application No. PCT/DE2020/100850, filed on 2020 Oct. 2. The international application claims the priority of DE 102019126607.6 filed on 2019 Oct. 2; all applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE2020/100850 | 10/2/2020 | WO |
