The present invention relates to a culvert for directing the flow of water. More particularly, the invention relates to a culvert using vehicle tires.
The huge amount of solid waste generated from tires is a major concern. Discarded or used tires have a severe negative impact on the environment in terms of air, water, and soil pollution. For example, old tires contain heavy metals and chemicals which leach into the environment as the tire disintegrates. Such, “leaching” contaminates the soil and groundwater with poisons. Additionally, used tires overcrowd landfills, pose a fire risk because of the chemicals, and inhibit pest control by proving places for pests to hide and thrive.
Tire shredders are commonly used to minimize the effect of discarded used tires on the environment. Shredders are used, for example, when the shredded tire is recycled. However, shredding the tire does not reduce the effects the discarded tires may have on the environment. Contrarily, the shredded tire increases the surface area at which the shredded tire contacts the environment. Additionally, recycling efforts, though valiant, don't deplete the supply of used tires. Instead, used tires that are not recycled are left to harm the environment.
Other conventional methods for managing discarded used tires involve repurposing the tires. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,236,756, entitled “Drainage Culverts Made of Sidewalls From Discarded Tires,” issued Aug. 17, 1993 to Haliburton (the '756 patent), teaches discarding the tire treads and using the remaining tire sidewalls to construct a culvert. At least two tire sidewalls are laid flat together and are drilled with holes that allow the tire sidewalls to be mounted on parallel bars, which have been welded to a circular plate of roughly the same dimensions as the tire sidewalls. According to the '756 patent, a culvert may be created when 50 to 150 of such tire sidewalls have been mounted on the parallel bars. The '756 patent cuts off any protruding portion of the welded bars to complete the culverts construction.
Unfortunately, the '756 patent is deficient in that the method taught does not use the tire treads in its construction of culverts. Instead, the tire treads are left to be recycled. As aforementioned, unused tires, and tire portions, are left to further damage the environment.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,718,166, entitled “Method for making Pipe Made of Discarded Vehicle Tires, issued Feb. 17, 1998 to Phillips (the '166 patent) teaches a method for making a culvert using old tires. According to the '166 patent, an apparatus is provided that includes a telescoping mandrel having a first a second spaced apart compactor plates for mounting tires there between. The '166 patent teaches a plurality of spearheaded plungers mounted on the second compactor plate for puncturing holes through the sidewalls of the tires. A telescoping mandrel is used to hold tires of the same rim size in alignment and for use in loading batches of compressed tires.
By using the entire tire, the '166 patent avoids the problems posed by leftover (ie. unused and unrecycled) tire material, such as is taught in prior arts like the '752 patent. However, the '166 patent has a major drawback in that it uses specialized machinery often unavailable to the rural culvert manufacturer because of, for example, cost, or, the shear unavailability of the equipment in a rural environment.
What is needed is an accessible and environmentally safe system and method for creating a culvert using discarded or used vehicle tires.
The present invention teaches improvements not found in the prior art. The present invention teaches a system and method for creating a culvert using discarded or used tires. The method taught herein uses a combination of steps that avoids the problems associated with leftover tire material. The steps disclosed herein reduce the costs of creating tire culverts, above what is found in the prior art.
In one aspect, the method of the present invention teaches ensuring the tires used in the construction of the culvert are suitable for placing back into the environment. A tire that is suitable for placing back into environment is one wherein the effects of the tire on the environment has been reduced before the tire in placed in use in the environment.
In another aspect of the invention, the method of the present invention teaches constructing a culvert according to the traffic the culvert will bear.
In still another aspect, the method of the present invention teaches reducing the number of tires used in the construction of a culvert by specifically determining the number of tires to be used.
A more complete understanding of the present invention may be derived by referring to the various embodiments of the invention described in the detailed description of the invention and the drawings and figures, in which like numerals denote like elements. In the drawing figures:
While the disclosure is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way of example in the drawings and are described in detail below. The intention, however, is not to limit the disclosure to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the disclosure is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives thereof.
The present invention may discuss a tire or tires. It should be noted that the terms tire and tires are used interchangeably, where appropriate. That is, in some instances, where “tire” is used, it will be apparent that the use of tire, means a single tire, and such use of tire is appropriate to one skilled in the art. Alternatively, where “tires” is used herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the use of tires may refer to a plurality of tires.
Further, each conventional tire 1 may be characterized, at least in one aspect, by the size of the rim on which tire 1 is mounted. For example, when a tire 1 is mounted on a thirteen inch (13″) rim, then tire 1 may be characterized as a 13″ tire. Similarly, where a tire 1 is mounted on a fourteen inch (14″) rim and the tire may be called a 14″ tire. In this example, the 13″ tire is smaller in circumference and diameter to that of the 14″ tire. Naming conventions for tires 1 that include the size of the rim on which tire 1 is mounted are well known, and will not be repeated herein for brevity.
With reference to
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the record may be stored in a computer readable medium, and accessed and by processed by computing equipment. Such, methods of storing and processing records is well known. Such conventional computing methods may be used with the present invention.
Method 1100 may include an analysis of the culvert. For example, analyzing the environment in which the culvert may be used, or measuring the length of the culvert, or determining the culvert's “stress point.” As used herein, a culvert stress point is one of the locations on the external surface of the culvert where the greatest external pressure is to be exerted. By way of example, where the culvert is to be placed underneath a public roadway, the culvert stress point may be determined to be the locations on the culvert that will receive the greatest pressure when a vehicle transverses the roadway.
In a typical exemplary embodiment, the stress point is the location, section or portion on the culvert that bears the weight of the vehicle. It is well known that the weight of a vehicle rests on its tires. In one exemplary embodiment, a culvert's stress point is the area on the culvert's outer surface that is closest to the area of the public roadway contacting the vehicle tires, when the vehicle is transgressing above the culvert. In some instances, the culvert's stress point is the area of the culvert contacting the vehicle tires that are transgresses over the area of the culvert experiencing the most downward pressure. As used herein, “contacting” may mean direct contact, or indirect contact (i.e., contact through a transfer of the contacting force through another object.)
The stacked vehicle tires (
As used here, verification of the tires includes removing all chemicals, or particles that may damage the environment and determining if the tire 1 has sufficient physical structure to withstand external force. For example, tires 1 that have lost their tread 2 or have holes in the sidewalls 3 will be discarded and not used in the culvert. Any tires 1 that have lost their structural integrity will also be discarded and not used in the culvert.
Prior to creating the culvert, the area in which the culvert is to be used must be analyzed to determine the culvert's stress point(s). (Step 1108) In one particular embodiment of the invention, determining the culvert's stress point includes measuring the length of the area in which the culvert is to be installed. Then, where the culvert is to be used along the width of a roadway, the location on the culvert over which a vehicle's tires will traverse is approximated.
The culvert created according to the present invention, includes boring three (3) equidistant holes 102, 104, 106(a, b) in each of tires 1 selected from any one of the stacks of vehicle tires. (Step 1110) Holes 102, 104, 106(a, b) are bored in the sidewalls 3, 5 of each tire 1. Hole 106a in a first sidewall 3 shares the same central axis as hole 106b in sidewall 5. Further still, each of holes 102, 104, and 106(a, b) are drilled with the same circumference.
Holes 102, 104, 106 (a, b) may be formed in side walls 3, 5 using any suitable method such as drilling or punching. This can be done by hand, using a hand-held drill and a template to align the holes properly through the sidewalls 3, 5. Alternatively, holes 102, 104, 106(a, b) may be form using a manufacturing jig, which involves making holes 102, 104, 106 (a, b) simultaneously, using a plurality of the same size drill bits. The operation of drills and punches is well known. As such, the operation of each is not described herein for brevity. Suffices to say that whether drilling or punching is used, the operation removes a small piece of material from each hole 102, 104, 106(a, b) location.
It is well known that tires of different sizes are made to bear different amounts of weight. Smaller tires are made to sustain the weight of smaller cars. For example, a 13″ tire is made to bear the weight of the average conventional passenger vehicle. Similarly, a 16 truck tire is made to bear the weight of the conventional passenger truck. The present invention takes advantage of this structural difference, and the weight bearing differences in the tire sizes.
In one exemplary embodiment, the culvert of the present invention is constructed such that a truck tire (T) is placed in the construction of the culvert directly under the area of the road where the tire would traverse. These are the areas of the roadway bearing the most weight. These areas correspond to the stress points on the culvert (i.e., traditional stress points). The areas of the roadway where the tires do not traverse bear less weight than at the stress points. As such, car tires (C) are placed in the construction of the culvert where the stress points do not appear.
In another exemplary embodiment, the culvert according to the present invention is constructed such that truck tires, T, and car tires, C, are ordered according to the length of the culvert. For example, according to the present invention, every 10 feet of the culvert may be constructed with the tires 1 arranged according to the following formula, where T represents the location of the truck tires and C represents the location of car tires:
TC, TCC, TCCC, TCCCC, TCCCCC, TCCCCCC, TCCCCC, TCCCC, TCCC, TCC, TC.
In this arrangement, the entire length of the culvert is made to withstand the stress imposed by vehicle traffic should a vehicle traverse the culvert at a nontraditional stress point.
Consequently, upon arranging the tire according to the methods noted above to address the culvert's stress points, metals rods 200, such as shown in
As noted, the present invention uses 3 metal rods 200 inserted into holes 102, 104, 106(a, b). Metal rods 200 are constructed with a first rod end 202 and a second rod end 204, where first rod end 202 is distal from second rod end 204. (See
With reference to
A compression table 400 may be used to compress tires 1 in culvert section 300.
Compression table 400 may be any conventional table on which a wench 404 may be attached. In the embodiment shown in
In a typical example of the invention, wench 404 may be a conventional cable wench. A suitable cable wench that may be used with the present invention may pull 3,000 ft lbs having a 5.4 horsepower engine. The wench cable may be any conventional cable 406 that is used with such wenches. Such cables and cable wenches are well known by those skilled in the art.
In a typical embodiment of the invention, the end of the cable 406 distal from the wench 404 is affixed to a compression plate 500, as shown in
Compression plate 500 may be any shape that can support at least one end of culver section 300. In one exemplary embodiment compression plate 500 may have a first top edge 504, and side edges 502. Compression late 500 may further include multiple holes 506, formed through the compression plate planar surface 508. In one particular embodiment, holes 506 may be used at as attachment point for cable 406
Wench cable 406 may be positioned through the center of culvert section 300 and parallel to the tire central axis 4. Cable 406 may be removable affixed to compression plate, such as by screwing or hooking the cable to the center mass 512 of compression plate 500. Conventional methods of attaching a winching cable 406 to an object are well known, and therefore will not be discussed herein for brevity. It should be noted, that according to the invention, cable 406 may be removed from compression plate 500 once culvert section 300 tires are compressed together.
During operation, wench 404 is turned on, which in turn, pulls compression plate 500 against the culvert section 300, to pull culvert section 300 closer to compression table 400, thereby compressing tires 1. (Step 1118) This action compresses the abutting tires 1 against each other. The compression of the abutting tires 1 causes the sidewalls 3, 5 to seal together against the abutting tire sidewalls. In this instance, by seal what is meant is that the abutment of a first sidewall of a first tire is affixed to the first sidewall of a second tire. By seal, the abutting tires may prevent water from flowing between them.
This seal ensures that the culvert maintains it shape and structural integrity for supporting traversing vehicles, and for maintaining the flow of water in the culvert. That is, once tires 1 are compressed one to the another, the seal created by the sidewalls 3, 5 ensures that no liquid ore particles may enter or leave the central portion of culvert section 300 along culvert 300's central axis. Compressing the tires also leaves metal rod 200 ends exposed for manipulation.
The compressed tires 1 are held in the compressed state by bending the exposed metal rods 200 that have been inserted through holes 102, 104, 106(a, b). As shown in
Each of the three metal rods 200 inserted in the holes 102, 104, 106(a, b) and used in the construction culvert section 300 is bent in the manner described above. That is, each of metal rod first rod end 202, 206, 210 is first bent to be parallel to sidewalls 3, 5 and then, secondly bent to be parallel to the tire tread and the central axis 4. Similarly, since each of the metal rods 200 also includes a metal rod second rod end 204, 208, and 212. As such, the second rod ends 204, 208, and 212 may be bent in similar manner as is described with respect to first rod end 202, 206, 210. That is, a first portion of second rod end 204, 206, 210 may be first bent parallel to sidewalls 3, 5, and then further bending second rod end 204, 206, 210 to be parallel to tire tread 2 and parallel to central axis 4. (Step 1120) (See,
To further ensure that the tire 1 remain sealed one against the other, the tires are then decompressed only marginally since the bent metal rods 200 maintain the abutment of the tires. However, decompressing the tires also ensures that the tire sidewalls abut firmly to the bent portions (202a and 202b) to the tire sidewalls 3. (Step 1122)
In one exemplary embodiment, it may be necessary for at least one of the metal rod second rod ends 204, 208, 212 to be held in fixed position while compressing the tires 1, as was described with respect to Step 1118. In such an instance, a second rod end 204, 208, 212 may be placed abutting compression plate surface 510 during culvert section 300 compression. More preferably, second rod end 204, 208, 212 may be placed abutting compression plate surface 510 by in close proximity to one of compression plate holes 506. In such a way, once compression is complete, compression plate 500 may be rotated slightly to allow second rod end 204, 208, 212 to match up with one of compression plate holes 506, thereby allow second rod end 204, 208, 212 to be bent as described above, Specifically, a first portion of second rod end 204, 206, 210 may be first bent parallel to sidewalls 3, 5, and then further bending second rod end 204, 206, 210 to be parallel to tire tread 2 and parallel to central axis 4.
Once culvert section 300 is compressed, and the metal rods are bent as described above, the structural integrity of culvert section 300 is assured. That is, tires 1 are firmly held in abutment one to the other. The user may then, turn off the winch 404 releasing the compressing pressure on culvert section 300. The user may then remove cable 406 from its attachment at the center mass of compression plate 500, and remove the culvert from the compression table. (Step 1124) A culvert prepared accord to the methods described herein is ready for installation.
While the above description provides a full and complete disclosure of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, various modifications, alternate constructions and equivalents may be employed without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. Such changes may involve alternate components, structural arrangements, operable features or the like. Therefore, the above description and accompanying illustrations should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention which is defined by the appended claims.
The present invention claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/860,751, which was filed on Jun. 12, 2019.
Number | Date | Country | |
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62860751 | Jun 2019 | US |