The present invention relates generally to communication systems and more specifically to efficient scanning operations and power conservation for battery operated devices used in seamless mobility applications.
Portable hand-held and mobile vehicular battery operated communication devices operate over a broader range of applications than ever before. The ability to transition from one network or system to another without the user being aware of the transition is typically referred to as seamless mobility. Scan operation, used in such systems, allows monitoring of multiple communication channels, talkgroups and/or resources. Today, devices such as two-way radios, cell phones and the like, often include high end features such as cameras, text messaging, mailbox features and organizers to name a few. These features need to remain operational as the device is transitioned between various systems.
Radio users desire a level of scan performance which is seamless: no audio holes, no missed messages, and no message latency. Such performance is not realizable with a single receiver design, and even a dual receiver design does not guarantee seamless performance in all cases. Furthermore, the use of multiple receivers and faster scanning along with today's high end features all increase battery power consumption which is particularly problematic for the portable device. Scan operation typically prevents or limits standby or “battery save” types of modes, resulting in greater power utilization. Hence, the use of scan operation can necessitate a larger battery or a shorter runtime, again negatively impacting a portable radio.
Accordingly, it would be beneficial to have battery powered communication devices capable of seamlessly transitioning amongst systems without severe degradation of battery life, without impacting or limiting the use of high end features and without impacting the size or weight of the devices.
The accompanying figures, where like reference numerals refer to identical or functionally similar elements throughout the separate views and which together with the detailed description below are incorporated in and form part of the specification, serve to further illustrate various embodiments and to explain various principles and advantages all in accordance with the present invention.
Skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help to improve understanding of embodiments of the present invention.
Before describing in detail embodiments that are in accordance with the present invention, it should be observed that the embodiments reside primarily in apparatus components and methods related to a system and method of cooperative scanning between a plurality of radios. In accordance with the present invention, cooperative scanning provides improved battery performance while scanning or improved scan performance. Accordingly, the components have been represented where appropriate by conventional symbols in the drawings, showing only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present invention so as not to obscure the disclosure with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the description herein.
In this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. The terms “comprises,” “comprising,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. An element proceeded by “comprises . . . a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Briefly, there is provided herein a communication network comprising a plurality of battery powered communication devices, including portable (hand-held) and mobile (in-vehicle) radios operating over multiple systems. A system for the purposes of this application can be a single site trunking system, multi-site trunking system or conventional channel.
The communication system formed in accordance with the present invention focuses on multi-system scan where the radio must change frequency between systems. For multi-system scanning, different talkgroups and/or conventional channels across different systems are scanned. Multi-system scan can thus be differentiated from single system scan, in that single system scan will scan talkgroups within one system only.
Portable radio 102 preferably communicates with mobile radio 104 over an ad hoc network, preferably over a Personal Area Network (PAN) link 106. While the PAN link 106 is preferred, cooperative scanning may also benefit from other short range communication links such as a local area network (LAN). Portable radio 102 includes a transceiver section 108, with at least one receiver 130, shown here as one or more receivers 130, 132 and at least one high power transmitter. A system processor 110 interoperates with transceiver section 108, PAN transceiver 112, Random Access Memory (RAM) 114 and internal flash memory 116. Portable radio 102 communicates with mobile radio 104 over the PAN link 106.
Mobile radio 104 may be similarly configured having a transceiver section 118 having at least one receiver 140, shown here as one or more receivers 140, 142 and at least one high power transmitter. A system processor 120 interoperates with transceiver section 118, PAN transceiver 122, Random Access Memory (RAM) 124 and internal flash memory 126.
In accordance with this embodiment, PAN link 106 is used to share cooperative scanning information between radios, so as to provide a battery save preference or a high performance scan preference of operation. Note that the PAN does not scan. The scanning takes place using receivers 130, 140.
In accordance with this embodiment portable and mobile radios 102, 104 communicate over multiple systems or channels and also communicate over the PAN link 106. The portable and mobile radios 102, 104 utilize pre-stored scan lists 156, 166 and cooperative scanning. The cooperative scanning involves partitioning the scan lists 156, 166 among the plurality of devices via the PAN 106 to minimize battery consumption or enhance scan performance.
Radios 102 and 104 may each be single band or multi-band. A multi-band radio supports a plurality of frequency bands. A radio with multiple receivers can monitor two channels and/or systems simultaneously. A radio may have more than one (or perhaps all) receivers on the same frequency band. Multiple receivers capable of a common frequency band allow excellent scan performance because a channel or system can be continually monitored by one receiver while the second receiver is scanning one or more other channels. For example, a preferred or a “priority” channel or system may be continually monitored by one receiver 130 while the other receiver 132 is used for scan, thus providing the preferred channel or system with no increase in message latency. Thus, for example, radio 104 could have two receivers 140, 142 providing constant monitoring of one channel.
The low-power data transceivers 112 (for radio 102) and 122 (for radio 104) are capable of interoperating in the short range or personal area network (PAN). The PAN transceivers 112, 122 preferably operate in a separate radio band from traditional two-way radio communications used for user voice and data services. The PAN transceivers 112, 122 can include the 802.11 or 802.15.4 type of transceivers and their associated protocols. As mentioned previously, although shown in terms of a PAN application, LAN communications can be used as well.
In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, each radio 102, 104 contains memory 116, 126, preferably an internal flash memory, having radio firmware, 152, 162; radio configuration information 154, 164; and at least one scan list 156, 166 stored therein. The radio firmware 152, 162 includes radio application information. The radio configuration information 154, 164 provides a radio codeplug for storing radio identify information and radio configuration information. The identity information stored in the radio codeplug includes at least one of: a user identification number, a trunking system identification number, a group/company/organization identification number, and authentication information. Each radio 102, 104 is programmed for scan operation via the scan lists 156, 166, with each list comprising a list of channels or systems to be scanned.
The radio firmware 152, 162 of each radio 102, 104 contains authentication software that allows a given radio in the communication system 100 to detect and authenticate another radio which comes into range of its personal area network. Radios from other organizations intended for use in other communication systems can be detected but will not be authenticated, thereby denying one radio access to another radio over the PAN link 106. Proximate radios of the same organization detect and authenticate, allowing the radios to transmit, receive, and share information with each other over the PAN link 106.
In an embodiment of the invention, a first portable radio 102 assigned to a user comes within PAN range 106 of a mobile radio 104 in the user's vehicle. The first radio 102 and the second radio 104 authenticate each other, and then share scan list information 156, 166, as well as frequency band support information and individual IDs and/or organizational codes preferably stored in the radio configuration information 154, 164. If the band support of the mobile radio 104 is equal to or exceeds that of the portable 102, then the scan list 156 of the portable is sent to the mobile 104, and the mobile 104 creates a cooperative scan list from the combined lists 156, 166. The cooperative scan list can be stored in RAM 124, or alternatively in flash memory 126. The combined list might be identical to a list in one or both of the radios 102, 104. The mobile radio 104 then executes scan operation on behalf of the portable radio 102, and sends the portable periodic updates over the low-power PAN link 106. This transmission allows the battery-powered portable 102 to spend a substantial amount of time in a reduced power-consumption (sleep) mode, while the vehicle-powered mobile radio 104 performs the scan on its behalf. Since the external antenna 168 is likely of higher gain than the portable radio antenna 158, scanning by the mobile on behalf of the portable also provides improved receive performance.
Communication system 100 also provides for operational scan preferences to be set in each radio which determine the type, extent and the configuration of cooperative scanning. These preferences are preferably stored in the radio configuration information 154, 164, and may or may not be accessible to the radio user. One such configuration parameter is the cooperative scan type, which, in accordance with the invention, can be set to “battery save” or “high performance.” The battery save preference enables the mobile radio 104 to scan on the portable radio's 102 behalf and is indicative of the “battery save” cooperative scan type. The high performance scan preference enables scanning based on the distribution of a plurality of individual scan lists to a plurality of radios, with the distribution optimized to improve scan performance.
For the “high performance” embodiment, the portable radio 102 does not enter a battery save mode, but instead scans cooperatively, and simultaneously, with the mobile radio 104 to provide improved scan performance. Upon co-location of the portable radio 102 with the mobile radio 104, the radios authenticate themselves and share scan list information, frequency band support information, and individual IDs, and/or organizational codes. The radios 102, 104 then create a cooperative scan list and partition the scan list between the two radios, creating cooperative scan sub-lists as will be described later. Cooperative scan sub-lists provide the benefit of reduced message latency.
Communication system 100 of the present invention also allows for the automatic activation of scan. If a mobile radio 104 currently has scan operation set to “off” and the portable radio 102 currently has scan operation set to “on”, then upon co-location of the two radios via the PAN 106, the mobile radio will automatically activate scan if it determines that at least a portion of the portable's list is scannable. When the portable radio 102 moves out of PAN range for some period of time, then the mobile radio will discontinue scan operation if its previous state was off. If the mobile radio determines that the portable radio's scan list is not scannable (due to lack of frequency band support), then the mobile radio does not activate its scan mode.
Upon detection of received activity, the radio behaves according to the preferences setting in the configuration data. In one embodiment, the mobile radio always unmutes. This is true even if the radios were performing cooperative scanning in “high performance” mode. If the portable radio 102 detects qualified channel activity in its cooperative scan list partition, then it notifies the mobile radio 104 over the PAN link 106 and the mobile 104, if RF-capable, would unmute to that channel. If the mobile radio 104 is not RF capable for that channel or system, then the portable radio 102 unmutes, or alternately, the received audio can be sent over the PAN link 106 to the mobile radio 104 to be played on the mobile radio's speaker. In fact, the portable radio 102 likely consumes less battery power to transmit received audio to the mobile radio 104 than to activate its own audio power amplifier.
Another alternate embodiment also provides for a user ID proxy capability. This embodiment allows a radio to monitor for individually-targeted communications for all radio IDs currently participating in the cooperative scanning. If the radio allows a user to login or register on a radio on one or more communication networks, then that user has a user ID that is common to multiple radios. Some radios and communication systems use individual radio IDs, so a user of a portable 102 and mobile radio 104 may have two separate IDs. For this embodiment, the portable and mobile radios have different radio IDs, and the mobile radio 104 monitors for its own ID as well as for portable radio's 102 ID. The ID proxy embodiment provides the advantage of ensuring individually targeted communications are not missed if a radio is in sleep mode. For example, if the mobile radio 104 has an ID of “111”, and the portable radio 102 has an ID of “222”, and the portable is in sleep mode, and the mobile is scanning for the portable—the following will occur upon an incoming call. When a call comes in to the mobile radio 104 using ID “222”, the mobile alerts the portable 102 or handles the proxied ID as its own. If cooperative scan is not active, then the mobile 104 ignores the ID “222”. Thus, the ID proxy embodiment provides battery savings on the portable side. The ID proxy can also be used in high performance scan applications as well.
Referring to
As another example (not shown) for the embodiment for
Still referring to
Moving to
In accordance with the various embodiments described above, the cooperative scanning of the present invention provides a means to partition the scan list based on:
Radio RF Capabilities—
A radio can only scan a frequency that is supported by its RF hardware.
Scan Performance Factor—
A radio model may have a scan performance rating to allow optimal load balancing between radios with intrinsically different scan performance.
Signal Strength—
A portable radio, especially one in a vehicle, may be at a disadvantage for detecting RF signals. Trunking systems with continuous control channel data are easily monitored, and a determination can be made as to whether this can be reliably scanned by the portable. Trunking systems with weaker signals, and conventional channels which may not be immediately characterizable, may be better choices for scanning by the mobile radio. Thus the signal strength and radio type (mobile vs. portable) may be used in the process of partitioning the scan lists.
Priority—
A channel designated as a priority channel may be scanned more frequently. A priority channel can be placed in its own sublist to allow for constant monitoring. Alternately, a priority channel can be provisioned in the sub-lists of both cooperative scanning radios and its scan position in the list can be adjusted periodically to minimize the latency of traffic on the priority channel.
The cooperative scanning provided in accordance with the various embodiments of the invention is easily extended to support more than two radios, and to support radios with multiple receivers. In addition, the examples have described one portable radio and one mobile radio, but the cooperative scanning provided by the present invention does not necessarily require one portable and one mobile radio. The portable/mobile embodiment and portable/portable embodiment can greatly benefit from battery save preference, and the portable/mobile or portable/portable or mobile/mobile embodiments can all benefit from improved scan performance.
Referring to
If authentication is deemed successful at 608, then the radio (102) will check the ID of a newly detected peer node (104) at 610. At 612, a check is made to determine if the peer node (104) is in a recent history buffer. If the peer node is new (i.e. a “no” at 612), then the radio (102) queries the peer (104) for capabilities and downloads a scan list at 614 of the radio (104). The downloaded scan list is stored in a recent history buffer at 616 (buffer of 102). The capabilities of the two radios (102, 104) are compared, and using criteria disclosed above, cooperative scan lists are created at 618. The radio (102) sends the cooperative scan list to the peer (104). Cooperative scanning then begins at 620 (102 and 104).
If the peer (104) was already known to the radio (102), then the step of checking ID of newly detected peer at 610 and determining if the peer node is in a recent history buffer at 612 would result in a “yes” bypassing the need for setup steps 614, 616 and 618 and instead quickly initiating cooperative scan at 620. The step of checking ID at 610 may be performed by checking an identifier that indicates the radio such as a Radio ID, MAC address, etc. Alternatively, the ID could represent a hash of a scan list. The hash approach has the additional advantage of allowing two radios to quickly determine if they have identical scan lists. This scenario is more likely to occur in trunking systems, where individual users are often not permitted to modify their lists. If a radio supports multiple bands, there may be a separate scan list for each band. A portable 800 MHz radio may have one or more 800 MHz scan lists, and a dual band mobile (VHF, 800 MHz) may have one or more 800 lists and one or more VHF lists. By simply comparing hashes at 610, which ideally are pre-computed, the portable radio can quickly determine that its list matches one of the mobile's lists.
Continuing with the method of
The revert delay at 624 may be, for example, a codeplug parameter. The codeplug parameter may be influenced by one or more of: whether the radio is performing priority scan; the type of cooperative scanning (battery save vs. performance); and the scan list relationship.
While scanning independently at 628, discovery continues for peer nodes at 630. Peer nodes detected at 630 are compared against a recent history buffer at 632, with new nodes being authenticated at 606, and known nodes being fast-tracked back into cooperative scan at 620.
While described in terms of a battery powered communication device, the mobile radio 104 may also take the form of a wall-powered desk radio or consolette. Thus, a portable radio coming within range of one of these devices can benefit from the battery savings and scan performance improvement provided by the cooperative scanning in accordance with the various embodiments of the invention.
The cooperative scanning provided in accordance with the various embodiments of the invention can be incorporated within single and multi-band radios. Today, radio designs generally utilize two receivers to handle two bands. As radio designs continue to improve, this will not be the case. One receiver may handle two, three, or even four bands. The receiver, however, can monitor just one band at a time. As radio technology expands, a two-receiver mobile radio where each receiver can operate independently and each one receiver can work over all of VHF, UHF, 800, etc. is perfectly feasible. The benefits of battery savings and scan performance improvement, previously unrealizable in single and even dual receiver designs, can now be achieved via the use of cooperative scanning between radios.
The cooperative scanning provided in accordance with the various embodiments of the invention is also useful in mission-critical communication device applications, particularly the embodiment requiring authentication of discovered radios via the PAN. Since discovery of network nodes in an ad hoc network is well-known, and publishing of available services available by a node is well-known, the cooperative scanning technique of the present invention is easily implemented into existing systems. Such techniques are preferably applied to the preferred embodiment. For example, upon discovery of a node, a radio will authenticate the node. The radio can quickly determine the services available by the node using well-known techniques, and can make further inquiries to obtain more specific information.
In the foregoing specification, specific embodiments of the present invention have been described. However, one of ordinary skill in the art appreciates that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims below. Accordingly, the specification and figures are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of present invention. The benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any element(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential features or elements of any or all the claims. The invention is defined solely by the appended claims including any amendments made during the pendency of this application and all equivalents of those claims as issued.
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