Patent Application
20150056074
The present invention relates generally to the field of wind turbines, and more particularly to a system and method for deicing of the rotor blades, thereby increasing the overall operational efficiency of the wind turbine.
Wind turbines have gained increased acceptance as an environmentally safe and relatively inexpensive alternative energy source. With this growing interest, considerable efforts have been made to develop wind turbines that are reliable and efficient.
Generally, a wind turbine includes a rotor having one or more blades. The rotor is mounted on a housing or nacelle, which is positioned on top of a truss or tubular tower. The turbine's blades transform wind energy into a rotational torque or force that drives one or more generators that are rotationally coupled to the rotor through a gearbox. The gearbox steps up the inherently low rotational speed of the turbine rotor for the generator to efficiently convert mechanical energy to electrical energy, which is fed into a utility grid. Gearless direct drive turbines also exist.
Under certain combinations of atmospheric conditions, the rotor blades can become covered with ice. For an operational wind turbine, ice buildup typically occurs on the leading edge of the blade, resulting in a modified airfoil shape and reduced lifting capability. As the ice layer becomes increasingly thick, weight is added to the airfoil, further reducing the lifting capability and the aerodynamic performance of the rotor blade. Ice shedding (the throwing off of ice as the blades rotate) can also be a safety issue, particularly for wind turbines located near residential areas. For wind turbines that are stopped or idling, ice will generally form uniformly over the entire surface of the blades, thereby necessitating deicing of the entire blade before the wind turbine can be placed back in operation.
Methods and devices are known and practiced for deicing rotor blades, which also encompasses preventing icing on the rotor blades when atmospheric conditions are favorable for ice formation. For example, installing resistive heating wires or other electrical conductors onto the leading edge or other surfaces of the rotor blade is known. This system, however, can provide a conduit for lightning, and a lightning strike can render the rotor blade useless. In another known technique for reducing icing, an inflatable air bladder is bonded to the leading edge of the blades. However, inflation of the air bladder alters the aerodynamics of the rotor blade, and the air bladder itself may be or become subject to fatigue and failure in certain environments.
The Canadian patent CA 2228145(counterpart to EP 0842360 B1) describes a system for deicing wind turbine rotor blades wherein a heated medium, which may be the air within the blade cavity, is channeled to internal cavities within the blade. The heated medium is directed from the blade root area into a cavity behind the leading edge of the blade, and then diverted at the blade tip into a cavity along the trailing edge of the blade and back to the root area. A fan with integrated heating elements is provided in the blade root to generate and maintain circulation of the heated medium. The chambers or cavities may be defined by reinforcement ribs that run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the blade.
A drawback to the system and method of the CA 2228145 patent is that the warmest air is not directed to the tip of the blade first, which may be the area of the blade most susceptible to icing, but along the entire length of the leading edge before reaching the blade tip. In addition, a thermal imbalance is created within the rotor blade as a result of the unidirectional flow path of the heated medium. The leading edge cavity is heated to a far greater extent than the trailing edge cavity, and the trailing edge cavity is heated to a greater extent than the reaming internal space between the trailing and leading edge cavities. Thus, the deicing capability of the system is focused primarily on the leading edge, which may not be beneficial in certain situations, such as when atmospheric conditions become harsh enough to cause ice formation on the pressure and/or suction side surfaces, or trailing edge.
The present invention provides an improved rotor blade deicing system and method that addresses at least certain of the drawbacks of conventional systems, including the type of system described in the CA 2228145 patent.
Aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned through practice of the invention.
In accordance with aspects of the invention, a rotor blade for a wind turbine is provided with an integrated deicing capability. It should be appreciated that the term “deicing” is used herein to encompass removal or minimizing ice that has formed on the rotor blade, as well as preventing formation of ice on the rotor blade. The rotor blade includes a blade root, a blade tip, and a leading edge and a trailing edge extending between the blade tip and blade root. Any manner of structural members, such as webs, walls, ducts, baffles, dampers, and so forth, are disposed within an internal volume of the rotor blade, with these members defining a leading edge fluid circulation loop and a separate trailing edge fluid circulation loop. A fluid handling system is disposed within the internal volume of the rotor blade and is configured with the structural members so as to direct a heated fluid medium through the leading edge and trailing edge fluid circulation loops. These heated fluid medium streams may be directed simultaneously through the leading edge and trailing edge fluid circulation loops, or may be directed through one of the loops while the other loop is idle or isolated. The loops may be independently controlled so that the heated fluid medium streams have a different flow rate or temperature.
In a particular embodiment, the heated fluid medium is the air within the internal volume of the rotor blade, and the fluid handling system includes any combination of air handling components, such a one or more fans, heater elements, dampers, ducts, and the like. The term “fan heater” is used herein to encompass and combination of a fan and heating element within the same or separate housings. In alternate embodiments, the heated fluid medium may be, for example, an inert gas that is circulated through the respective fluid circulation loops by any combination of fluid handling components.
The structural members may define a span-wise extending middle circulation channel that is common to the leading edge and the trailing edge fluid circulation loops in that a portion of each of the circulation loops simultaneously flows through the middle circulation channel. This middle channel can be defined by any combination of structural or non-structural webs, ducts, and so forth.
In one embodiment, the structural members comprise a first web disposed proximate to the leading edge and defining a leading edge channel, and a second web disposed proximate to the trailing edge and defining a trailing edge channel. The first and second webs may be shear web components of the blades internal support system. With this embodiment, the middle circulation channel is defined between the first and second webs. In alternate embodiments, any manner of ducting may be used to define the middle circulation channel. For example, the blade may include only a single shear web and an internal duct may serve the function as the middle circulation channel. The fluid handling system may include at least one fan heater disposed within the blade root so as to direct a heated outflow airstream through the leading edge and trailing edge fluid circulation loops, including the middle circulation channel.
It should be appreciated that the system is not limited to a single flow direction through the leading and trailing edge circulation loops. For example, the fan heater may be disposed so as to direct the heated outflow airstream along the middle circulation channel to adjacent the blade tip where the outflow airstream is directed into separate return airstreams that flow through the leading edge and the trailing edge channels, respectively, back to the blade root. In an alternate embodiment, one or more fan heaters may be disposed so as to direct the outflow airstream as separate streams through the leading edge and trailing edge channels, wherein the separate streams combine adjacent the blade tip into a single return airstream through the middle circulation channel and back to the blade root.
In a particular embodiment, the heated outflow airstream may be a single, combined airstream within the middle circulation channel such that the leading edge and the trailing edge fluid circulation loops share a combined outflow portion through the middle fluid circulation channel. A single fan heater may be used in this embodiment having sufficient airflow capacity to maintain a desired minimum airflow through the leading and trailing edge fluid circulation loops. With this embodiment separating structure may be provided within the middle circulation channel such that the leading edge and the trailing edge fluid circulation loops have separate flow portions along at least a portion of the middle circulation channel. For example, the separating structure may be a wall or baffle that extends from the blade tip partially into the middle circulation channel and that serves to separate the single outflow airstream into the separate streams adjacent to the blade tip.
In still a further embodiment, separating structure may extend essentially completely within the middle circulation channel and divide the middle circulation channel into separate flow channels. Thus, with this embodiment, the leading and trailing edge fluid circulation loops are not combined or mingled through the middle circulation channel. Thus, airflow through the respective loops may be individually controlled by, for example, separate respective fan heaters disposed within the blade root for each of the loops.
The present invention also encompasses various method embodiments for deicing a wind turbine rotor blade in accordance with the concepts discussed above. For example, an exemplary embodiment includes directing heated air through an internal leading edge circulation loop and a separate internal trailing edge circulation loop within the rotor blade. The air may be directed alternately or simultaneously through the leading edge and trailing edge circulation loops, and may be independently controlled. This method embodiment may include directing the heated air through a middle circulation channel that is common to the leading edge and the trailing edge circulation loops.
In a particular method, the heated air is directed as an outflow airstream from one or more fan heaters disposed in a root area of the rotor blade through the middle circulation channel towards a tip area of the rotor blade, wherein the outflow airstream is directed at the tip area into separate return airstreams through respective leading and trailing edge channels within the rotor blade. The method may include maintaining the outflow airstream as a single combined (co-mingled) airstream through the middle circulation channel, and dividing the combined airstream into separate return airstreams at the tip area of the rotor blade.
In an alternate method embodiment, the outflow airstream is maintained as separate airstreams through the middle circulation channel and are diverted into the respective leading and trailing edge channels at the tip area of the rotor blade. In this embodiment, airflow through the respective leading edge and trailing edge circulation loops may be independently controlled.
In still another method embodiment, the heated air is directed as separate outflow airstreams from one or more fan heaters disposed in a root area of the rotor blade through respective leading and trailing edge channels within the rotor blade towards a tip area of the blade. At the tip area, the outflow airstreams are directed through a middle circulation channel back to the root area of the blade. The separate outflow airstreams may be combined into a single return airstream in the middle circulation channel, or maintained as separate streams.
These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the following description and appended claims. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended figures, in which:
Reference now will be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, not limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
A fluid handling system, generally denoted as 65, is disposed within the internal volume 25 of the rotor blade 16 and is configured with the structural members 50 so as to direct a heated fluid medium simultaneously through the leading edge and trailing edge fluid circulation loops 58, 60, respectively, as indicated by the arrows in
In particular embodiments illustrated in the figures, the structural members 50 may define a span-wise extending middle circulation channel 70 that is common to the leading edge and the trailing edge fluid circulation loops 58, 60. For example, referring to
In various depicted embodiments (e.g.,
In an alternate embodiment depicted in
As mentioned above, it should be appreciated that the deicing system is not limited to a single flow direction through the leading and trailing edge circulation loops 58, 60. For example, in the embodiment of
The embodiments of
In the embodiment depicted in
The embodiment of
With the embodiments of
The embodiment of
The present invention also encompasses various method embodiments for deicing a wind turbine rotor blade 16 in accordance with the concepts discussed above with respect to
In a particular method, the heated air is directed as an outflow airstream from one or more fan heaters 66 disposed in the blade root area 28 through the middle circulation channel 70 towards a blade tip area 30, wherein the outflow airstream is diverted at the tip area into separate return airstreams through respective leading and trailing edge channels 62, 64 within the rotor blade. The method may include maintaining the outflow airstream as a single combined airstream through the middle circulation channel 70, and dividing the combined airstream into separate return airstreams at the blade tip area 30.
In an alternate method embodiment, the method may include maintaining the outflow airstream from one or more fan heaters 66 as separate airstreams through the middle circulation channel 70, and diverting these separate airstreams into the respective leading and trailing edge channels 62, 64 at the tip area of the rotor blade. In this embodiment, the method may include independently controlling airflow through the respective leading edge and trailing edge circulation loops 58, 60.
In still another method embodiment, the heated air is directed as separate outflow airstreams from one or more fan heaters 66 disposed in a root area 28 of the rotor blade through respective leading and trailing edge channels 62, 64 towards the blade tip area 30. At the tip area, the outflow airstreams are directed through the middle circulation channel 70 back to the blade root area 28. The separate outflow airstreams may be combined into a single return airstream in the middle circulation channel 70, or maintained as separate streams.
This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
