The present invention is directed generally to the dispensing of prescriptions of pharmaceuticals, and more specifically is directed to the automated dispensing of pharmaceuticals.
Pharmacy generally began with the compounding of medicines which entailed the actual mixing and preparing of medications. Heretofore, pharmacy has been, to a great extent, a profession of dispensing, that is, the pouring, counting, and labeling of a prescription, and subsequently transferring the dispensed medication to the patient. Because of the repetitiveness of many of the pharmacist's tasks, automation of these tasks has been desirable.
Some attempts have been made to automate the pharmacy environment. Different exemplary approaches are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,337,919 to Spaulding et al. and U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,006,946; 6,036,812 and 6,176,392 to Williams et al. These systems utilize robotic arms to grasp a container, carry it to one of a number of bins containing tablets (from which a designated number of tablets are dispensed), carry it to a printer, where a prescription label is applied, and release the filled container in a desired location. Tablets are counted and dispensed with any number of counting devices. Drawbacks to these systems typically include the relatively low speed at which prescriptions are filled and the absence in these systems of securing a closure (i.e., a lid) on the container after it is filled.
The present invention is directed to an automated system and method for dispensing pharmaceuticals, particularly tablets and capsules, and other small discrete objects. Embodiments of the system and method are capable of receiving a patient's prescription information, selecting a container, labeling the container, dispensing the tablets or capsules into the labeled container, applying a closure to the filled, labeled container, and offloading the container to a designated location. Preferably, the tablets are dispensed with high speed dispensing bins that employ forced air to agitate and singulate the tablets. The other functions within the system are typically carried out at stations designed to offer speed, flexibility and precision to the dispensing operation.
As a first aspect, embodiments of the invention are directed to a method of dispensing solid pharmaceutical items of substantially identical size and configuration from a bulk of such solid pharmaceutical items stored in a housing. The method comprises the steps of: providing a singulating bin comprising a hopper and a dispensing channel fluidly connected thereto, the dispensing channel defining a flow path; applying a forwardly-directed jet into the dispensing channel; passing a series of solid pharmaceutical items in single file from the hopper into the dispensing channel; accelerating the solid pharmaceutical items in the dispensing channel with the forwardly-directed jet; counting the number of solid pharmaceutical items that pass a predetermined point in the dispensing channel; comparing the number of solid pharmaceutical items that have passed the predetermined point with a predetermined number; and applying a rearwardly-directed jet into the dispensing channel after a predetermined number of solid pharmaceutical items have passed the predetermined point to draw any additional items in the dispensing channel back into the hopper. This method can dispense pharmaceutical items rapidly and accurately.
As a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention are directed to an apparatus for dispensing solid pharmaceutical items, comprising: a frame; a container dispensing station attached to the frame; a labeling station attached to the frame; a labeling carrier configured to grasp and transport a container from the container dispensing station to the labeling station; a dispensing station having a plurality of bins that receive and dispense solid pharmaceutical items; a dispensing carrier that receives a labeled container from the labeling carrier and transports the labeled container to the dispensing station for filling with solid pharmaceutical items from one of the bins; and a controller operatively connected with and controlling the operation of the container dispensing station, the labeling station, the labeling carrier, the dispensing station, and the dispensing carrier. Such an apparatus can dispense filled, labeled pharmaceuticals rapidly and accurately.
As a third aspect, embodiments of the present invention are directed to an apparatus for dispensing solid pharmaceutical items, comprising a dispensing station comprising a plurality of bins for storing the items, each of the bins containing items of substantially identical size and configuration, and at least some of the bins containing items that differ in size and/or composition from the items contained in others of the housings. Each of the bins includes a dispensing outlet on one side that dispenses items, a replenishment opening on a side thereof opposite the dispensing outlet, and an electronic unit that monitors the counting of items traveling through the dispensing outlet. The bins are mounted on a frame such that the dispensing outlets face an access region within the frame and the replenishment openings face away from the frame. A dispensing carrier is configured to transport containers to be filled with the items. The dispensing carrier is positioned within the access region. A controller controls the operation of the dispensing carrier. In this configuration, bins can be replenished without removing them from the frame or interfering with the operation of the apparatus as it dispenses from other bins.
Those skilled in this art will recognize that many of the individual stations within the apparatus described above and combinations thereof also represent additional embodiments of the invention.
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, like numbers refer to like elements throughout. Thicknesses and dimensions of some components may be exaggerated for clarity. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element, there are no intervening elements present.
As described above, the invention relates to a system and process for dispensing pharmaceuticals. The process is described generally with reference to
A system that can carry out this process is illustrated in
Those skilled in this art will recognize that the frame 40 illustrated herein is exemplary and can take many configurations that would be suitable for use with the present invention. The frame 40 provides a strong, rigid foundation to which other components can be attached at desired locations, and other frame forms able to serve this purpose may also be acceptable for use with this invention.
Referring again to
The controller 42, which is mounted to and below the top arch 54, controls the operation of remainder of the system 40. In some embodiments, the controller 42 will be operatively connected with an external device, such as a personal or mainframe computer, that provides input information regarding prescriptions. In other embodiments, the controller 42 may be a stand-alone computer that directly receives manual input from a pharmacist or other operator. An exemplary controller is a conventional microprocessor-based personal computer.
Referring now to
A bottom plate 82 is fixed to the bottom ends of the tubes 80 and a top plate 84 fixed to the top ends of the tubes 80. Each of the bottom and top plates 82, 84 have apertures that correspond to the ends of the tubes 80. The tubes 80 and bottom and top plates 82, 84 are free to rotate as a unit about the axis of rotation A1 and are driven by a motor or other rotary drive unit attached to the bottom plate 82 (the motor is not shown). A sorting plate 86 or other member is fixed to the lower arch 56 below and parallel to the bottom plate 82. The sorting plate 86 includes a slotted opening 87 at one edge. As is shown in
Prior to operation, the tubes 80 within each set are filled with containers of similar size, with each set of tubes 80 housing containers of different sizes. Filling can be carried out by loading the containers in a preferred orientation through an orientation tube 84a (see
In operation, the controller 42 signals the container dispensing station 58 that a container of a specified size is desired. The bottom and top plates 82, 84 rotate until a tube 80 that houses a container is positioned above the opening 87. At this point, the cup 88 is in its receiving position beneath the opening 87 (
Those skilled in this art will appreciate that other container dispensing apparatus may be employed with the present invention. For example, the containers may be presented for grasping in a horizontal disposition, or the dispensing apparatus may include a conveyor unit that presents the containers one at a time for grasping. The skilled artisan will recognize additional embodiments that would be suitable for use with the inventive system.
From the container dispensing station 58, the container is moved to the labeling station 60; this movement is carried out by the labeling carrier 68 (see FIGS. 3 and 7-12). The labeling carrier 68 comprises an upright support member 91 fixed to the base of the frame 40, a carriage 92 attached to and moveable vertically on the support member 91, a swing arm 94 attached thereto that pivots about a vertical axis A2, and a gripping unit 96 attached to the free end of the swing arm 94. Both the vertical movement of the carriage 92 and the pivoting of the swing arm 94 and gripping unit 96 can be induced with conventional robotic techniques that need not be described in detail herein.
The gripping unit 96 has a body portion 98, a base 102 rotatably attached to the body portion 98 for rotation about an axis A3, a clutch mechanism 101 attached to the body portion 98 and coupled to the base 102, a plurality of fingers 104 (three are illustrated herein) that are rotatable and eccentrically mounted to the base 102 and extend downwardly therefrom generally parallel to each other, and a motor 100 attached to the body portion 98 and coupled to the fingers 104. Each finger 104 is fixed to a finger shaft 105, which in turn is fixed to a planet gear 106 such that, as the planet gear 106 rotates, so must the attached finger 104. Each planet gear 106 is attached to the base 102 in such a way as to be able to rotate freely relative thereto. A sun gear 107 is rotatably mounted onto the base 102 and can freely rotate in relation thereto about the axis A3. Each planet gear 106 engages the sun gear 107, so that when the sun gear 107 rotates in relation to the base 102, the planet gears 106 also rotate relative to the base 102 about a respective axis A4, A5, A6. A motor shaft 108 is fixed to the sun gear 107 along the axis A3 and is coupled to the motor 100 via a motor gear train 109.
Each finger 104 has an arcuate outer surface 104a that defines a portion of a circle, such that, when all of the fingers 104 are rotated to a radially inward position (
Other techniques for grasping and moving the container from the container dispensing station 58 will be apparent to those skilled in this art. For example, the gripping fingers may take a different configuration (e.g., they may not form a cylinder when rotated inwardly). As another example, gripping fingers may be used that grip the outer surface of the container. Alternatively, suction may be employed to temporarily grasp and move the container.
Once the labeling carrier 68 has retrieved the container from the cup 88, it carries the container to the labeling station 60 (see FIGS. 3 and 13-16). The labeling station 60 includes a printer 110 that is controlled by the controller 42. The printer 110, which is mounted to one side of the base 46, prints and presents an adhesive label that is to be affixed to the container. The labeling station 60 also includes a wiping device, such as the brush 112 illustrated in
Returning to the operation of the system 40, once the container has been grasped and is being rotated by the labeling carrier 68, it is moved (under the direction of the controller 42) to the exit port 114 of the printer 110 through appropriate translation of the carriage 92 on the support member 91 and pivoting of the swing arm 94 relative to the carriage 92 (
Those skilled in this art will appreciate that other structures and components for affixing a printed label to a container may also be employed with the present invention. For example, the container may be transferred to pinch rollers located at the exit port 114.
After the container has been labeled, the labeling carrier 68 moves to a transfer position (through appropriate movements of the carriage 92, swing arm 94, and body portion 98, as directed by the controller 42) and transfers the labeled container to the dispensing carrier 70 (
The dispensing carrier 70 has the capability of moving the gripping mechanism 136 (and, in turn, an object grasped therein) to designated locations within the cavity 45 of the frame 44. Movement from end to end within the cavity 45 (i.e., toward and away from the arches 54, 55, 56) is accomplished by inducing movement of the upper carriage 120 on the rail 122. Vertical movement is accomplished by inducing movement of the lower carriage 126 on the rail 124. The grip unit 128 may also revolve around the rail 124 about an axis A7 through revolution of the tracks 130 around the carriage 126. The gripping mechanism 136 may rotate relative to the traveler unit 132 about an axis A8 defined by the axle 134. Induction and control of these movements may be achieved through conventional robotic techniques that need not be described in detail herein. The skilled artisan will also appreciate that other components for grasping and maneuvering a container may also be employed with the present invention.
Returning to operation of the system 40, transfer of the labeled container from the labeling carrier 68 to the dispensing carrier 70 is achieved by the controller 42 directing the dispensing carrier 70 to move the gripping mechanism 136 to a position in which the jaws 138 can clamp onto the outer surface of the container as it is presented by the labeling carrier 68. Preferably, the position for transfer is proximate to the printer 110 and the tablet dispensing station 62. The controller 42 first signals the dispensing carrier 70 to close the jaws 138 onto the outer surface of the container, then directs the labeling carrier 68 to retract the fingers 104 to their radially inward positions so that the container is held only by the jaws 138. The fingers 104 are then withdrawn from the container (through either upward movement of the fingers 104 by the labeling carrier 68 or downward movement of the labeled container by the dispensing container 70), and the labeled container is ready to be filled with tablets.
Filling of labeled containers with tablets is carried out by the tablet dispensing station 62 (see FIGS. 2 and 19-29). The tablet dispensing station 62 comprises a plurality of tablet dispensing bins 150, each of which holds a bulk supply of individual tablets (typically the bins 150 will hold different tablets). The dispensing bins 150, which are typically substantially identical in size and configuration, are organized in an array mounted on the intermediate rails 53 of the frame 44, and each has a dispensing channel 154 with an outlet that faces generally in the same direction, to create an access region for the dispensing carrier 70. The identity of the tablets in each bins is known by the controller 42, which can direct the dispensing carrier 70 to transport the container to the proper bin 150. In some embodiments, the bins 150 may be labeled with a bar code or other indicia to allow the dispensing carrier 70 to confirm that it has arrived at the proper bin 150.
The dispensing bins 150 are configured to singulate, count, and dispense the tablets contained therein, with the operation of the bins 150 and the counting of the tablets being controlled by the controller 42. Some embodiments may employ the controller 42 as the device which monitors the locations and contents of the bins 150; others may employ the controller 42 to monitor the locations of the bins, with the bins 150 including indicia (such as a bar code or electronic transmitter) to identify the contents to the controller 42; in still other embodiments the bins 150 may generate and provide location and content information to the controller 42, with the result that the bins 150 may be moved to different positions on the frame 42 without the need for manual modification of the controller 42 (i.e., the bins 150 will update the controller 42 automatically).
Any of a number of dispensing units that singulate and count discrete objects may be employed; however, dispensing units that rely upon targeted air flow and a singulating nozzle assembly, such as the devices described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/934,940, filed Aug. 22, 2001 and entitled DEVICE TO COUNT AND DISPENSE ARTICLES and in U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/306,782, filed Jul. 20, 2001 for DEVICE TO COUNT AND DISPENSE ARTICLES, are preferred (these applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties). Bins of this variety may also include additional features, such as those described below.
Referring now to FIGS. 19 and 23-29, the bins 150 can be described generally as having a tablet-filled hopper 153 through which air flows and agitates the tablets contained therein, and the aforementioned dispensing channel 154 through which the tablets are dispensed one at a time. Suction can be applied to the channel 154 through a forwardly-directed jet 155; a rearwardly-directed jet 156 is also included that can reverse the motion of tablets within the channel 154. The jets 155, 156 are controlled by the controller 42, which initiates forward air flow in response to a customer order and activates rearward air flow in response to the passage of a certain quantity of tablets through in the dispensing channel 154 (as detected by a counting sensor 154a located in the dispensing channel 154). Alternatively, the jets 155, 156 may be controlled by a local controller unique to each bin 150 (as described in some detail below). The bins 150 can filled or replenished with tablets via access from a pivoting door 180 located at the upper rear portion of the bin 150. Notably, the location of the door 180 opposite the outlet of the dispensing channel 154 enables an operator to replenish the bin 150 without disconnecting it from the frame 44 or interfering with the dispensing from this or another bin 150. Also, the pivoting of the lower end portion of the door 180 and the inclusion of side walls 180a causes an open door 180 to form a funnel-like configuration, which configuration can facilitate pouring of pharmaceuticals into the bin 150.
Referring now to
In addition, the floor 163 includes a series of apertures 349 located to the side of the dispensing channel 154. These apertures 349 can provide additional flow to this region of the bin 150. The additional flow can encourage tablets that tumble to a position adjacent the dispensing channel 154 during agitation to rejoin the remaining tablets; otherwise, they may remain in this “dead” area, which can tend to clog entry into the dispensing channel 154.
To adjust the width of the dispensing channel 154 (
To adjust the height of the ceiling 162 (
Notably, the configuration of the dispensing channel 154 described above can provide an essentially “gapless” channel for the tablets to travel in, which can improve performance of the system 40. Also, the floor 163 and the stationary wall 160 of the dispensing channel 154 remain in place, which provides a constant location to which the container receiving tablets can be delivered.
A further optional feature of the illustrated dispensing channel 154 is a splash guard 158 (
Another feature of the tablet dispensing station 62 that may be included with the present invention is illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 23-25. As can be seen therein, a low pressure manifold 170 having a number of inlets 171 is mounted to the frame 44 and extends horizontally; the manifold 170, which is fluidly connected to a low pressure source such as a vacuum motor (not shown), provides low level (i.e., about 2 psi) suction to the bin 150 to either (a) maintain a door 172 in a closed position when the particular bin 150 is not in use or (b) agitate tablets within the bin when the door 172 is opened by a solenoid 173 or other actuating unit within the bin 150. Of course, individual blowers may be used for each bin in lieu of the manifold 170 with multiple inlets 171. Also, a high pressure (i.e., about 30 psi) conduit 175 with a fitting 176 also extends horizontally from its mounting point on the frame 44, with the fitting 176 projecting toward the bin 150. The fitting 176 may be a check valve, so that high pressure air is not expelled if the bin 150 is not present. The high pressure conduit 175 is fluidly connected to a high pressure source (not shown). Further, a connector circuit board 177 is mounted horizontally below the manifold 170; the circuit board 177 or other electrical connector provides an electrical connection between the controller 42 and the bin-controlling circuit board 177a (or other electronic component) of the bin 150 for power and data signals from the controller 42, such as those that control the opening and closing of the door 172, the application of suction and/or positive pressure through the conduit 175, and the counting sensor 154a. Thus, all three of these connections should be made for the bin 150 to operate.
Despite the presence of the hopper door 180 through which the hopper 153 can be refilled, there are instances for which it would be desirable to remove the bin 150 from the frame 44 (for example, to adjust the size of the entry to the dispensing channel 154). When the bin 150 has been removed, reinstallation requires that connections be re-established between the bin 150 and the manifold 170, the conduit 175, and the connector circuit board 177.
The frame 44 illustrated herein includes prongs 183 (
Referring now to
Still referring to
With this configuration, the controller 42 can search for a unique bin identifier and associate it with a certain location identifier. The controller 42 may then direct the dispensing carrier 70 to carry the container to the appropriate position for dispensing. Thus, once a pharmaceutical has been associated with a particular bin 150 via its “bin identifier”, accurate dispensing of the pharmaceutical becomes independent of a priori knowledge of the pharmaceutical's physical location on the frame 44. This gives the user the ability to quickly re-arrange the bin locations according to changing requirements such as alphabetization or utilization ranking.
Referring now to
To fill the container, the dispensing carrier 70, directed by the controller 42, moves the container to the exit port of the selected dispensing bin 150. The controller 42 signals the solenoid 173 to open the door 172 (more specifically, the solenoid 173 retracts, and a plunger 173a moves toward the door 172, striking a finger 172a located on the top portion of the door 172 and causing it to pivot open—see
Referring now to
The closure dispenser 200 (
The floor 211 of the hopper 206 has an opening 213 through which one closure can pass. The floor 211 abuts a plate 214 (
Closures are dispensed by filling the bin with closures and rotating the hopper 206 relative to the plate 214. As the hopper 206 rotates, each closure tumbles until it eventually reaches the desired orientation and slides into the groove 208 (tumbling of the closures is augmented by two agitating projections 209a). As the hopper 206 continues to rotate, the closure eventually reaches the opening 213, at which point it passes through the opening 212 and falls into the channel 218. The channel 218 conveys the closure in its desired orientation to the closure holder 202.
Those skilled in this art will appreciate that other techniques for separating and orienting closures may also be employed. For example, a conventional “pick-and-place” device may be used. Additional sensors and controllers may also be used.
Referring now to
Referring still to
Returning to the operation of the system 40, after the container is filled with tablets at the tablet dispensing station 62, the dispensing carrier 70 grasps the filled container, conveys it to the closure dispensing station 64, and places it in a selected cup 232a, 232b as directed by the controller 42 (
Referring now to
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention, and is not to be construed as limiting thereof. Although exemplary embodiments of this invention have been described, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of this invention. As such, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this invention. The scope of the invention is to be defined by the following claims.
The present application is a continuation of divisional U.S. application Ser. No. 11/019,023, filed Dec. 21, 2004 entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DISPENSING PRESCRIPTIONS”, which claims priority from U.S. application Ser. No. 10/437,353, filed May 13, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,971,541 issued on Dec. 6, 2005, which claims priority from U.S. Application No. 60/380,402, filed May 14, 2002, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein as if set forth fully.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20080230552 A1 | Sep 2008 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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60380402 | May 2002 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 11019023 | Dec 2004 | US |
Child | 12126162 | US |