Hydrocarbon fluids such as oil and natural gas are obtained from a subterranean geologic formation, referred to as a reservoir, by drilling a well that penetrates the hydrocarbon-bearing geologic formation. After a wellbore is drilled, various forms of well completion components may be installed to enable control over and to enhance efficiency of producing fluids from the reservoir. In some applications, a liner hanger and liner are deployed downhole into the wellbore, and the liner hanger is suspended from well casing deployed in the wellbore. The liner hanger may be hydraulically actuated to secure the liner hanger with respect to the casing by applying hydraulic pressure to an actuator mounted along a liner hanger body. The pressure is contained between the actuator and the liner hanger body via elastomeric seals, but existing systems are susceptible to adverse conditions in certain high-pressure and/or high temperature environments.
In general, a methodology and system facilitate actuation and use of a liner hanger in a wide variety of environments. Depending on the application, the liner hanger may be conveyed downhole within a casing located in a wellbore. The liner hanger comprises slips which may be set against the casing by applying a pressurized fluid through a port to an actuator, e.g. a cylindrical actuator, of the liner hanger. After the slips are set, the liner hanger may be actuated, e.g. mechanically actuated, to form a metal-to-metal seal which blocks further fluid flow through the port, thus isolating the port during subsequent downhole operations.
However, many modifications are possible without materially departing from the teachings of this disclosure. Accordingly, such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure as defined in the claims.
Certain embodiments of the disclosure will hereafter be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like elements. It should be understood, however, that the accompanying figures illustrate the various implementations described herein and are not meant to limit the scope of various technologies described herein, and:
In the following description, numerous details are set forth to provide an understanding of some embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the system and/or methodology may be practiced without these details and that numerous variations or modifications from the described embodiments may be possible.
The present disclosure generally relates to a system and methodology which facilitate actuation and use of a liner hanger in a wide variety of environments. Depending on the application, the liner hanger may be conveyed downhole within a casing located in a wellbore. The liner hanger comprises slips which may be set against the casing by applying a pressurized fluid through a port(s) to an actuator piston, e.g. a cylindrical actuator, of the liner hanger. After the slips are set, the liner hanger may be further actuated, e.g. mechanically actuated, to form a metal-to-metal seal which blocks further fluid flow through the port, thus isolating the port during subsequent downhole operations. In some applications, a liner hanger body is moved through a rotational movement to crush a metallic seal in a manner which forms the metal-to-metal seal blocking fluid flow through the port.
According to an embodiment, the liner hanger has a tubular body with a port through a wall of the tubular body. A push ring is movably disposed about the tubular body and positioned for engagement with a plurality of slips and longitudinal movement of the slips. A cylindrical actuator is operatively engaged with the push ring to force longitudinal movement of the push ring when pressurized hydraulic fluid is delivered through the port from an interior of the tubular body. Continued longitudinal movement of the cylindrical actuator and push ring forces the plurality of slips against a corresponding liner hanger cone which moves the slips in a radially outward direction and into gripping engagement with the surrounding casing.
Once the liner hanger slips are set against the surrounding casing, further actuation is used to form the metal-to-metal seal which prevents further flow of actuating fluid through the port. In some embodiments, a metallic seal may be deformed by rotating the cylindrical actuator via the tubular body. For example, the cylindrical actuator may be threadably engaged with the push ring such that rotational movement of the cylindrical actuator is able to deform, e.g. crush, a metallic seal between portions of the push ring and the cylindrical actuator in a manner which isolates the port(s). By way of example, the metallic seal may be crushed against the tubular body over the port(s). In another example, the metallic seal may be crushed against the tubular body at a spaced position with respect to the port(s) when used in cooperation with a secondary metallic seal on an opposite longitudinal side of the port(s). Some embodiments of the present disclosure may use a crushed metal-to-metal seal or a crushed/wedged metal-to-metal seal in a manner which allows use of conventional hanger setting methodologies while providing a solution for high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) applications by giving a confident, permanent seal for the life of the well.
Referring generally to
As described in greater detail below, actuation of the liner hanger 22 into engagement with the surrounding surface/casing 28 may be achieved by applying pressure to a hydraulic actuating fluid delivered down through an interior of the running string 32. In some applications, a ball 34 may be dropped down through running string 32 and into a corresponding ball seat 36 to form a seal and to enable pressuring up within running string 32 and liner hanger 22. The ball 34 and/or ball seat 36 may then be removed, if desired, to enable fluid flow therethrough. It should be noted that ball 34 is illustrated as representative of a variety of drop-down tools which may be used to form the desired seal and ball 34 is not limited to devices in the form of a spherical ball. For example, ball 34 may comprise a variety of spheres or semi-spherical devices, darts, plugs, or other devices shaped and constructed to form the desired seal.
Depending on the parameters of a given application, various components may be combined with liner hanger 22 and with running string 32. An example of a liner hanger system 38 incorporating liner hanger 22 is illustrated in
Referring initially to
In
Referring generally to
According to an operational example, the running tool 30 of running string 32 is used to deploy liner hanger 22 and the overall liner hanger system 38 to the desired downhole location. The wellbore anchoring device 68 is then actuated via, for example, hydraulic pressure so as to drive a plurality of liner hanger slips 70 into engagement with the surrounding wall surface, e.g. into engagement with wellbore casing 28. As described above, ball 34 may be dropped down into sealing engagement with ball seat 36 to enable pressuring up within liner hanger 22. In the illustrated example, the liner hanger slips 70 are driven against a corresponding liner hanger cone 72 by a piston actuator 74, e.g. a cylindrical actuator disposed about liner hanger body 66 (see also
In
With additional reference to
The port(s) 88 extend to a sealed region 90 between liner hanger body 66 and actuator piston 74 to enable actuation of liner hanger slips 70 via application of pressurized hydraulic fluid down through internal passage 60 of the running string 32 and along interior passage 92. As described above, ball 34 may be used to enable pressuring up within liner hanger 22, e.g. within passage 92. The pressurized hydraulic fluid flows down through interior passage 92, out through ports 88, and into the sealed region 90 to force actuator piston 74 to move in a direction toward liner hanger slips 70. As described in greater detail below, the pressurized hydraulic fluid may flow into and fill sealed region 90 through a diametrical gap formed along metal-to-metal seal features. The sealed region 90 may be defined by a plurality of seals 94 which may be in the form of elastomeric seals, e.g. elastomeric O-rings or other suitable seals (see
According to the embodiment illustrated, the actuator piston 74 is operatively connected to liner hanger slips 70 via a push ring 96. Additionally, a slip retainer 98 may be coupled between push ring 96 and liner hanger slips 70. The actuator piston 74 may be coupled with push ring 96 via a threaded region 100 and a shear member 102. The threaded region 100 comprises threads along push ring 96 and along actuator 74 which are threadably engaged. In this embodiment, the shear member 102 is in the form of a shear screw or other suitable shear member which rotationally locks actuator piston 74 with respect to push ring 96 during running in hole and during setting of slips 70 against casing 28.
Furthermore, the actuator piston 74 may be rotationally locked with respect to liner hanger body 66 via, for example, a key 104 extending from actuator piston 74 into a corresponding key slot 106 formed along an exterior of liner hanger body 66. The key 104 and corresponding key slot 106 allow at least a limited longitudinal movement of actuator piston 74 with respect to liner hanger body 66 while preventing relative rotational movement between the actuator piston 74 and the liner hanger body 66. Various arrangements of keys 104 or other types of interlocking elements may be used to prevent relative rotational movement while allowing the desired longitudinal movement.
It should be noted that a shear member 108 (or other suitable device) may be used to longitudinally secure actuator piston 74 on a temporary basis. In the embodiment illustrated, shear member 108 longitudinally secures actuator piston 74 to a suitable liner hanger structure 110 so as to hold the actuator piston 74 during running in hole and prior to setting of liner hanger slips 70. In
Once the liner hanger slips 70 are set against the surrounding casing 28, further actuation of liner hanger 22 is used to form a metal-to-metal seal which prevents subsequent flow of actuating fluid through the ports 88. The metal-to-metal seal may be formed via a metallic seal 112 which may be appropriately deformed, e.g. crushed, to isolate port(s) 88 and to prevent further flow of fluid therethrough. As illustrated in
By way of example, the backup rings 114 may be located between an abutment edge 116 of push ring 96 and an abutment edge 118 of cylindrical actuator 74, as illustrated. The metallic seal 112 is formed of a softer material than backup rings 114 and/or of a deformable structure which allows the metallic seal 112 to be deformed, e.g. crushed, into sealing engagement with liner hanger body 66 as the backup rings 114 are pushed closer together by abutment edges 116, 118. In some applications, the metallic seal 112 may be made of a suitable aluminum structure, steel structure, or combination of metallic materials to form the crushable or otherwise deformable seal.
In the embodiment illustrated, the metallic seal 112 is selectively deformed by rotating the cylindrical actuator 74 via the tubular hanger body 66. As described above, the cylindrical actuator 74 is engaged with push ring 96 via threaded region 100 and is rotationally fixed with respect to liner hanger body 66 via the key or keys 104. When the liner hanger body 66 is rotated, the key 104 causes cylindrical actuator 74 to shear the shear member 102 and to rotate with respect to push ring 96 along threads of threaded region 100.
Meanwhile, the liner hanger slips 70 are securely engaged with casing 28 which prevents rotation of both the slips 70 and the engaged slip retainer 98. At this stage, the push ring 96 is rotationally fixed to slip retainer 98 via a shear member 120 or other suitable device, as illustrated in
This relative rotation on threaded region 100 causes the cylindrical actuator 74 to be drawn toward push ring 96 until backup rings 114 are engaged by abutment edges 116, 118. Continued rotation of cylindrical actuator 74 causes the backup rings 114 to continually move closer together until metallic seal 112 is crushed into sealing engagement with liner hanger body 66 over port(s) 88, thus preventing subsequent flow of fluid through ports 88. After sufficient crushing of metallic seal 112, continued rotation of cylindrical actuator 74 forces the shear member 120 to shear and to rotationally release push ring 96 from slip retainer 98, as illustrated in
It should be noted, the liner hanger body 66 may be selectively rotated via running string 32. By way of example, various embodiments may use corresponding castellations on the packer body of packer 40 and running tool 30 to transmit torque from the liner hanger body 66 to the keys 104 and to the cylindrical actuator 74 while the push ring 96, slip retainer 98, slips 70, and corresponding liner hanger cone 72 are locked to the casing 28. In such embodiments, the rotational motion causes make-up of the threaded region 100 between the push ring 96 and the cylindrical actuator 74. As described above, continued rotation causes the desired deformation of metallic seal 112. After the metallic seal 112 has been deformed to form the metal-to-metal seal with liner hanger body 66, the hydraulic port 88 becomes permanently isolated. The permanent isolation provides a seal solution which does not rely on elastomeric/thermoplastic or other elements for primary or secondary backup seal protection.
Referring generally to
In this embodiment, the metallic seal 112 is disposed on an opposite side of port(s) 88 and captured between a backup ring 114 and a portion of the cylindrical actuator 74. For example, the metallic seal 112 may be captured between the backup ring 114 and a reduced diameter section 126 of cylindrical actuator 74 (see
As with the embodiment described with reference to
This relative rotation on threaded region 100 causes the cylindrical actuator 74 to be drawn toward push ring 96. Continued rotation of cylindrical actuator 74 causes the sloped, reduced diameter section 126 of cylindrical actuator 74 to continually move closer to the backup ring 114 until metallic seal 112 is crushed into sealing engagement with liner hanger body 66, thus preventing subsequent flow of fluid through ports 88. After sufficient crushing of metallic seal 112 (which may occur as threaded region 100 bottoms out), continued rotation of cylindrical actuator 74 forces the shear member 120 (see
Embodiments described herein ensure formation of metal-to-metal sealing along the liner hanger body 66 to block fluid flow through port(s) 88 after setting of liner hanger slips 70. The sealing technique may be used with various embodiments of liner hanger 22 employed in a variety of borehole applications, e.g. wellbore applications. The types of piston actuators, slips, connecting components, and other components of the liner hanger 22 may be adjusted according to the parameters of a given application.
Furthermore, the type and arrangement of metallic seals may be selected according to the parameters of a given application and environment. The metallic seal 112 may comprise individual metallic seals or combinations of metallic seals. Additionally, the metallic seal 112 may be used to isolate the port or ports 88 by deforming the metallic seal over the port(s) 88 or by working in cooperation with a secondary seal to form seal regions on both longitudinal sides of the port(s) 88. Various metals and metal alloys, e.g. steel alloys or aluminum alloys, may be used to construct the metallic seal 112. Additionally, the metallic seal 112 may have various structures, including honeycomb structures, waffle structures, tubular structures, solid structures, or other suitable structures that may be appropriately deformed to form the desired metal-to-metal seal.
Although a few embodiments of the disclosure have been described in detail above, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible without materially departing from the teachings of this disclosure. Accordingly, such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure as defined in the claims.
The present document is based on and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/253,621, filed Nov. 10, 2015, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/US2016/050459 | 9/7/2016 | WO | 00 |
Number | Date | Country | |
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62253621 | Nov 2015 | US |