1.The Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to orthopedic devices, and, more specifically, to surgical devices and methods for fusing adjacent vertebrae.
2.The Relevant Technology
The spinal column is made up of thirty-three vertebrae separated by cushioning discs. Disease and trauma can damage these discs, creating instability that leads to loss of function and excruciating pain. Spinal fusion implants provide a successful surgical outcome by replacing the damaged disc and restoring the spacing between the vertebrae, eliminating the instability and removing the pressure on neurological elements that cause pain. The fusion is accomplished by providing an implant which recreates the natural intervertebral spacing and which has an internal cavity with outwardly extending openings. The internal cavity is commonly filled with osteogenic substances, such as autogenous bone graft or bone allograft, to cause the rapid growth of a bony column through the openings of the implant.
A variety of insertion tools exist for inserting fusion cage implants. Typically, the implantation tool is designed to fit a particular implant. Many implant tools currently in use require threading the implant on to the tool, inserting the implant, and then unscrewing the inserter to remove it from the patient. Cross-threading and/or stripping of threads may occur during this process, which can result in difficulty disengaging and removing the insertion tool. It would therefore be an improvement to provide a fusion implant insertion system that would include a system for releasably securing the implant to the insertion tool, so that disengaging the insertion tool from the implant would be simplified.
Fusion implants known in the art are held by their associated insertion tool in one position, requiring the use of one technique for insertion. Because some clinical situations require insertion of a fusion cage implant using a different approach, it would be desirable to be able to position the implant on the insertion tool in alternative positions. It would therefore be an improvement to provide a fusion implant insertion system in which the implant can be secured on the insertion tool in more than one configuration, so that an alternate technique for insertion may be employed for the same implant.
One challenge associated with spinal fusion cage implants is determining if the implant has been successfully positioned in the intervertebral space. Implants known in the art have markers which can be detected through tissue. However, correct alignment of the markers may be difficult to verify without checking the relative positioning of the markers from multiple viewpoints. It would therefore be an improvement to provide a fusion implant that is easier to check for proper alignment with the spinal column.
A key factor in successful spinal fusion via fusion cage implantation is the spreading and fusion of bone graft material through the implant. Known implants typically have openings to allow insertion of the bone graft material, and an interior space to hold the material. It would therefore be an improvement to provide a fusion implant that permits more comprehensive bone formation within the implant.
Various embodiments of the present invention will now be discussed with reference to the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope.
The present invention relates to orthopedic devices and related implantation instruments and methods. Although the examples provided herein relate to a fusion cage, the systems and methods described herein may be readily adapted for a wide variety of implants and procedures. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is not intended to be limited by the examples discussed herein, but only by the appended claims.
Referring to
As shown, the portion of the spine 10 illustrated in
As shown, the first vertebra 24 has a body 28 with a generally disc-like shape and two pedicles 30 that extend posteriorly from the body 28. A posterior arch, or lamina 32, extends between the posterior ends of the pedicles 30 to couple the pedicles 30 together. The first vertebra 24 also has a pair of transverse processes 34 that extend laterally from the pedicles 30 generally along the medial/lateral axis 20, and a spinous process 36 that extends from the lamina 32 along the posterior direction 18.
The first vertebra 24 also has a pair of superior facets 38, which are positioned toward the top of the first vertebra 24 and face generally medially. Additionally, the first vertebra 24 has inferior facets 40, which are positioned toward the bottom of the first vertebra 24 and face generally laterally. Each of the pedicles 30 of the first vertebra 24 has a saddle point 42, which is positioned generally at the center of the juncture of each superior facet 38 with the adjacent transverse process 34.
Similarly, the second vertebra 26 has a body 48 from which two pedicles 50 extend posteriorly. A posterior arch, or lamina 52, extends between the posterior ends of the pedicles 50 to couple the pedicles 50 together. The second vertebra 26 also has a pair of transverse processes 54, each of which extends from the corresponding pedicle 50 generally along the medial/lateral axis 20, and a spinous process 56 that extends from the lamina 52 along the posterior direction 18.
The second vertebra 26 also has a pair of superior facets 58, which are positioned toward the top of the second vertebra 26 and face generally inward. Additionally, the second vertebra 26 has inferior facets 60, which are positioned toward the bottom of the second vertebra 26 and face generally outward. Each of the pedicles 60 of the second vertebra 26 has a saddle point 62, which is positioned generally at the center of the juncture of each superior facet 58 with the adjacent transverse process 54.
The superior facets 38 of the first vertebra 24 articulate (i.e., slide and/or press) with the inferior facets 60 of the second vertebra 26 to limit relative motion between the first and second vertebrae 24, 26. Thus, the combination of each superior facet 38 with the adjacent inferior facet 60 provides a facet joint 64. The first and second vertebrae 24, 26 thus define two facet joints 64 that span the distance between the first and second vertebrae 24, 26. The inferior facets 40 of the first vertebra 40 and the superior facets 58 of the second vertebra 26 are part of other facet joints that control motion between the first and second vertebrae 24, 26 and adjacent vertebrae (not shown) and/or the sacrum (also not shown). The vertebrae 24, 26 are separated from each other by an intervertebral disc 66.
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The outer wall 98 has an interior surface 110 that surrounds the hollow interior space 102. The interior surface 110 makes up the interior surfaces of the first support surface 104, the second support surface 106, the first end 94, and the second end 96. The interior surface 110 is bounded by the first and second openings 132, 134, a plurality of grafting ports 108, and an aperture 124 passing through the second end 96 of the implant 74. Within the hollow interior space 102, a support rib 126 extends from the interior surface 110, where it extends along the first support surface 104, to the interior surface 110, where it extends along the second support surface 106.
Thus, the support rib 126 spans the interior space 102. In this application, an element that “spans” a volume crosses the volume to leave space on either side of the element. The support rib 126 is only one of many possible supporting structures that may span the interior space 102 within the scope of the present invention. Other spanning members (not shown) may extend at different angles across the interior space 102 and/or between different locations on the outer wall 98. Such spanning members need not be integrated with the outer wall 98, but may instead be formed separately from the outer wall 98 and subsequently attached.
The support rib 126 has a first bone facing surface 128 and a second bone facing surface 130. The first bone facing surface 128 is recessed so as to form a first gap 140 between the first bone facing surface 128 and the vertebral body 28 or 48 to which it is adjacent after implantation. Similarly, the second bone facing surface 130 is recessed so as to form a second gap 142 between the second bone facing surface 130 and the vertebral body 28 or 48 to which it is adjacent after implantation. The first and second gaps 140, 142 allow space for occupation of bone graft material between the vertebral bodies 28, 48 and the bone facing surfaces 128,130. Accordingly, the first and second gaps 140, 142 permit the formation of a more complete bone column through the interior space 102, thereby more securely integrating the implant 74 with the vertebral bodies 28, 48.
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The implant 72 is only one of many embodiments included within the scope of the invention. In other embodiments (not shown), implants need not have arcuate shapes, but may be cylindrical, rectangular, or otherwise differently shaped.
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A collet 184 is anchored within the circular opening 186 of the hollow sleeve 162. In the embodiment depicted, the collet 184 has four retention members 84 (only two of which are visible in
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The implant 74 may then be inserted into the space between the vertebral bodies 28, 48 by, first, providing access to the space, and removing at least a portion of the intervertebral disc 66. Access may be provided from the posterior direction. The vertebrae 24, 26 may need to be distracted to temporarily widen the intervertebral space during insertion. Then, the surgeon may grasp and move the handle 78 to insert the implant 74 into the intervertebral space from an angle between the posterior direction 18 and the lateral direction 20. The surgeon may further manipulate the handle 78 to move the implant 74 to the proper orientation, so that the second support surface 106 is oriented toward the anterior direction 16. Such manipulation may involve striking the plug 88 with a hammer or the like to shift the implant 72 into the proper orientation between the vertebral bodies 28, 48.
Following implantation of the implant 74 between the vertebral bodies 28, 48 of the first and second vertebrae 24, 26, respectively, the lever 86 is again extended perpendicularly to the handle 78. Extending the lever 86 causes the follower 168 and the attached rod 160 to extend distally. As the rod 160 extends, the bell-shaped end 188 moves distally out of contact with the retention members 84, allowing the retention members 84 to contract. The ridged outer surfaces 190 of the retention members 84 disengage from the interior of the aperture 124 of the implant 74. Thus disengaged, the insertion tool 72 can be withdrawn from the patient, leaving the implant 74 in place.
The interaction of the collet 184 with the aperture 124 provides easy and secure engagement between the implant 74 and the insertion tool 72. Due to this secure engagement, impact against the plug 88 may be used to position the implant 74 with little fear that the implant 74 will accidentally become disengaged from the attachment interface 80. The engagement of the collet 184 with the aperture 124, also enables the insertion tool 72 to be easily disengaged from the implant 74.
The collet 184 and prongs 82 are only one example of an attachment interface according to the invention. According to other alternative embodiments (not shown), only two diametrically opposed retention members may be used. Such retention members may engage a round hole like the aperture 124, a flat-sided hole, a protrusion extending from some portion of the implant, or some other feature or combination of features. A movable retention feature may even be used in combination with a static retention feature to provide gripping action or outward retention force like that of the collet 184.
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The first and second techniques may differ by the manner in which access to the intervertebral space is obtained, by the angle at which the insertion tool 72 is held to place the implant 74, and/or a variety of other factors. The ability to use multiple techniques enable a surgeon to account for different morphologies of the spine and surrounding tissues, different implantation preferences, and other varying factors. The reversible engagement of the implant 74 on the insertion tool 72 enables the surgeon to select one of multiple insertion techniques without having to keep different implants or insertion tools on hand to accommodate them.
According to alternative embodiments (not shown), an implant may have more than two orientations with which it can be secured to the corresponding insertion tool. Such orientations may differ by any desirable angle. Indeed, a clocking feature having a multiplicity of engaging ridges and slots may be used to provide discrete, yet finely tunable control over the relative orientations of an implant and the corresponding insertion tool.
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For example, from the anterior or posterior directions 16, 18, the marker 180 proximate the second support surface 106 may appear to be equidistant between the markers 180 proximate the first support surface 104. From the cephalad and caudal directions 12, 14, the markers 180 proximate the first support surface 104 may appear to be aligned with each other along the same lateral axis of the patient. From the lateral direction 20, the markers 180 proximate the first support surface 104 may partially overlie each other, so that they can be distinguished from each other, yet their alignment indicates that they are on the same lateral axis of the patient.
In the alternative to the configuration of
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. It is appreciated that various features of the above-described examples can be mixed and matched to form a variety of other alternatives, each of which may have a different threading system according to the invention. As such, the described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.