Patent Grant
7424117
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the playing of recorded music as by a disc jockey (i.e., a “DJ” in the argot of the trade) or other entertainer. More particularly, but not by way of limitation, the present invention generally relates to enhanced song-to-song transitions when music is played through a multi-channel sound system and, preferably, in a live-music environment.
2. Background of the Invention
In an environment where people are dancing, maintaining some degree of continuity in song-to-song transitions is generally desired and, in fact, the quality of such transitions is often a measure of the professionalism of a particular production. A variety of techniques have been developed by disc jockeys to improve the continuity between songs, such as beat matching, scratching, phrase matching, pitch bending, etc. Some of these techniques fall under the general rubric of “turntablism”, whereas others might be categorized as “mixing” or transition effects.
Generally, in a live performance environment as one song is approaching its conclusion, or “outro”, the first beat of a second record is cued. In the event where both songs are playing on conventional turntables, and, assuming that the two songs have the same time signature, e.g., if both have a 4/4 time signature, beat matching between the starting and ending songs maybe accomplished manually by adjusting the speed of the second turntable so that the two records have an identical number of beats per minute. In other situations, for example where digitally formatted music is being played from compact disks or from songs stored as MP3 files on hard disk, such beat matching may be performed automatically by a computer according to methods well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. In either case, preferably on a down beat of the first record, the second record is started so that the beats of the two songs are synchronized as the first song ends and the second begins its intro.
Phrase matching is simply the extension of beat matching to overlap musical phrases between the two songs. Typically in songs suited for phrase matching, a song is constructed as a series of phrases, each phrase being some multiple of four bars. The continuity between songs is enhanced by beginning the beat matching process at the beginning of a phrase so that the songs overlap by an integer number of phrases.
Pitch bending is the process of modifying the speed, or tempo, of the second song to precisely match the tempo of the first song. This is performed either by adjusting the turntable speed of the second record or manually by holding back the second record with one or two fingers to produce the desired speed. While pitch bending can be used to match the speeds of two songs which are of nearly the same tempo, it is unlikely that pitch bending can be used to align two songs between which the tempo differs by more than a few beats per minute.
While these techniques are regularly mastered by DJ's, they still suffer from a number of limitations. For example, a DJ must first develop the art of turntablism. The skilled DJ must then become intimately familiar with each song to be mixed and learn which songs mix well with each other and identify phrases which will align well between songs. Even with a skilled DJ, not all songs are suitable for mixing through beat matching or phrase matching, the tempos may vary by too much, the keys may be incompatible, or the songs just may not subjectively blend well.
The terms “surround” or “surround sound” are often used to refer to audio recorded in five, or more, channels, typically: a left front channel; a center front channel; a right front channel; a right rear channel; and a left rear channel. In addition, a bass channel is sometimes provided for driving a sub-woofer to add bass sounds to a degree which may be as much about tactile perceptions as it is about audible perceptions. While conventional stereo systems impart some spatial quality to audio, providing four or more channels of audio can truly create an impression that a reproduced sound is emanating from virtually any point around a listener.
With surround audio systems, it has become a common practice to provide a number of effects which will fill all five channels even when a program has only been recorded in one or two channels. Often times, the rear channels are simply delayed from the front panel to create an illusion that seemingly transforms even a small room into a concert hall. By manipulation of volume and delay, a number of effects can be achieved in a surround system.
However, dance and listening audiences are always seeking new audio experiences and, in spite of the number of conventional transitions that might be available, there is always a need for new and interesting transition effects.
Thus it is an object of the present invention to provide a system and method for song-to-song transitions which takes advantage of the spatial quality of a stereo, surround, or other multi-channel audio system, thereby enhancing the transition between songs which might not otherwise be well suited for conventional transition methods and to improve transitions between songs which are suitable for beat matching.
Heretofore, as is well known in the music and video industries, there has been a need for an invention to address and solve the above-described problems. Accordingly, it should now be recognized, as was recognized by the present inventors, that there exists, and has existed for some time, a very real need for a device that would address and solve the above-described problems.
Before proceeding to a description of the present invention, however, it should be noted and remembered that the description of the invention which follows, together with the accompanying drawings, should not be construed as limiting the invention to the examples (or preferred embodiments) shown and described. This is so because those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains will be able to devise other forms of this invention within the ambit of the appended claims.
The present invention provides a system and method for generating sound transitions between successively played musical works in a multi-channel, or surround, environment. In a first preferred embodiment during the ending, or “outro”, of a first song, the volume of each speaker is adjusted to create the audio illusion that the first/ending song is moving away from the listener in a first direction. Simultaneously, the volume of each channel of the second/beginning song is adjusted to create the audio illusion that the second song is moving toward the listener from a second direction.
In a preferred embodiment, during a song-to-song transition, whether such transition is triggered automatically or manually, the sound levels coming from a plurality of audio speakers are automatically varied so as to give an audible illusion of motion of a first song or sound source. Simultaneously, a second sound source is faded in, also in a fashion to give an audible illusion of motion.
In another preferred embodiment, in addition to providing automatic volume control of each channel, the output of each channel is delayed, or reverberated through a delay, to create an aural perception of depth to further enhance the perceived movement of the audio. Preferably, both the amount of time delayed and the volume of the delayed audio are under control of the inventive system.
In yet another preferred embodiment, sound effects may be generated and mixed with the audio programs to further enhance the perception of movement. Like the program audio, each channel of sound effect can likewise be manipulated as to volume and delay.
In still another preferred embodiment, there is provided a method substantially as described above, but wherein the sound spatial distribution is displayed graphically in real time on an attached video monitor. That is, in a preferred variation a computer with attached monitor will be programmed to display a graphical representation of the spatial distribution of the song or songs that are currently playing. Preferably, this display will be continuously updated to give a visual presentation of the sound distribution among the plurality of speakers.
The foregoing has outlined in broad terms the more important features of the invention disclosed herein so that the detailed description that follows may be more clearly understood, and so that the contribution of the instant inventors to the art may be better appreciated. The instant invention is not to be limited in its application to the details of the construction and to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. Rather, the invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various other ways not specifically enumerated herein. Additionally, the disclosure that follows is intended to apply to all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Further, it should be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting, unless the specification specifically so limits the invention. Further objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be apparent upon examining the accompanying drawings and upon reading the following description of the preferred embodiments.
Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals indicate the same parts throughout the several views, a preferred system for generating sound transitions 10 is shown in its general environment in
Note that, for purposes of the present invention, the term “surround” or “surround sound” conventionally refers to audio systems having three or more channels. Presently available surround systems often provide five channels, namely: a left front channel 14; a center channel 16; a right front channel 18; a right rear channel 20; and a left rear channel 22. In addition, many systems provide a single bass channel to fill in lower frequencies. While the present invention is not limited to such systems, it is worth noting that a significant amount of programming is now recorded in five channels and that many such audio systems often synthesize the additional channels when a stereo program is played over the system. Accordingly, the preferred embodiment is discussed with reference to a five channel system. That being said, fewer number of channels could certainly be used in implementing the instant invention, although it should be noted that at least two such channels are necessary to create the intended effect.
The present invention provides a system and method for song-to-song transitions in a multi-channel audio environment. While the present invention can be used to enhance the quality of transitions when used in combination with other methods, i.e. beat matching and the like, it is particularly well suited to providing continuity to song-to-song transitions where traditional methods fail, i.e., disparate tempos, incompatible keys, etc. In a song-to-song transition performed according to the present invention, through manipulation of the volume of individual channels, and optionally the introduction of delay and/or sound effects, an aural illusion is created that the first song is exiting in a first direction while a new song is ushered in from a second direction.
To manipulate sound according to the present invention, system 20 must be able to control the volume of each channel of potentially overlapping audio programs. Optionally, it may be desirable for the system 20 to also control the delay in the audio and the volume of the delayed audio, as in creating a reverb effect, to further the illusion of depth. A diagram of a preferred system 20 for manipulating audio according to the present invention is shown in
In left front channel 14, provision is preferably made for inputting a first audio program at 42a and inputting a second audio program at 44a. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the act of controlling volume is essentially a scaling operation, or multiplying, performed on the incoming audio program. To control the volume of the first program audio, the audio signal is scaled by its volume control signal 46a at multiplier 48a. The first program audio is also preferably routed through a time delay means 50a which delays the audio by a duration specified by input 52a. The volume of the delayed audio is then set by multiplier 54a as controlled by input 56a.
Likewise, the volume of the left front channel of the second program audio is preferably set by multiplier 58a under the control of volume input 60a. Delay may also be imparted to the second program audio by delay means 62a as controlled by input 64a. The volume of the delayed audio is set at multiplier 66a under the control of input 68a. The outputs of the four multipliers are then mixed in summing amplifier 70a and directed to power amplifier 72a to produce audio at speaker 74a.
As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, volume control and delay can be accomplished in a number of different fashions, virtually all of which are suited for use in the present invention. By way of example and not limitation, volume control can be accomplished with an analog multiplier, in a multiplying digital to analog converter, through a digital pot, and the like. However, as will also be apparent to those skilled in the art, since virtually all audio is now recorded in a digital form, or later converted and stored in a digital form, volume control can be can be accomplished without additional hardware components by simply multiplying each sample of the audio signal by a scalar value which is representative of the desired volume.
In a similar vein, a number of delay techniques are well known in the art and commonly employed to create a reverb effect. By way of example and not limitation, such techniques include mechanical delay lines, bucket-brigade integrated circuits, and the like. Again, when the signal is available in a digital form in a computer, delay can also be accomplished within the computer without the need for external hardware. Software delay techniques are well known in the art and simply require enough memory to buffer the digital audio between the normal playback time and the delay time, e.g., the memory required to buffer delayed audio in an uncompressed form is given by: sample size (typically two bytes per channel)*sample rate (given in samples per second)*length of delay (given in second).
Like volume control and delay, mixing can easily be performed in software through techniques which are well known in the art, such as simply adding the results obtained after the volume control operations. Accordingly, all of the audio processing required to practice the present invention can be performed in dedicated hardware, in software, or some combination of hardware and software.
Continuing with
It should be noted that system 20 depicted in
By way of example, the process of controlling all channels of the first program audio through one output channel could be performed according to the first program audio path 80 depicted in
As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, particularly in light of discussion with regards to system 20 of
As mentioned above, song-to-song transitions are enhanced in accordance with the present invention by controlling the relative volume, an d optionally delay of the program, in the various channels of a multi-channel audio system to create an illusion that the audio program is moving away from the listener while a second, possibly overlapping, program is moved toward the user. Tuning then
In a second example shown in
In another example, as shown in
In still another example, as shown in
Turning now to
Note that, in the preferred embodiment, the patterns that are applied to the ending and the beginning audio works will be complementary in some sense. That is, whatever spatial pattern is utilized to fade-down the outgoing audio work a related (similar or opposite) pattern will preferably used to fade-up the subsequent work. For example, one preferred embodiment utilizes a “chase” where the outgoing audio work is spatially “pursued” by the incoming work by moving both sequentially through the available speakers, wherein at least one speaker separates the two audio work at any one time. As another example, and as been discussed previously, in some instances the outgoing audio work might be faded to the back of the room while the incoming work appears at the front or the incoming work might appear at the back of the room after the previous work has ended, etc.
Next, a first song will be selected and queued up to play (steps 810 and 815). Step 815 might involve physically mounting an LP or compact disk, beginning to read digital music from a disk file, etc. As a next preferred step, the selected song will be preferably be played (step 820) through all of the speakers in the system. Of course, if the song itself is so arranged, or the moderating DJ desires, the first song might not actually be played though “all” of the speakers, but instead might be played though a subset of them.
This song will be played until the end of the song is sensed (step 825). Of course, the “end” of the song will preferably be sensed some period of time (e.g., a few seconds) before the actual end of the song to allow time for the transition effect to be audibly implemented before the end of the recording is actually reached.
Once the end of the currently playing song is detected, a second or subsequent song will be selected and queued up (steps 830 and 835). Of course, the selection/queuing of the subsequent song need not necessarily be delayed until the termination of the currently playing song but could instead be performed at any time before that. As has been explained previously, the step of “queuing” the second song refers to the execution of whatever steps are necessary to prepare the musical work for playing, whether those steps might include placing an LP record on a turn table, opening a computer file, etc.
As a next preferred step, the currently playing song will be transitioned out (step 845) according to the transition pattern read previously (step 805). In a preferred embodiment and as is generally illustrated in
Preferably, the transitioning will be continued (step 850) until the second song has replaced the first, after which it is expected that the second song will continue to be played through all of the available speakers (step 845), or at least through those speakers for which there is audio information available. That is, the composer might have intended that only two (of, say, five) speakers be utilized by a musical work, in which case, it would be expected that step 845 would include playing the musical work through only two of the five speakers.
In still another preferred embodiment, there is provided a method substantially as described above, but wherein a graphical representation of the spatial distribution of the sound image of the current song(s) is continuously displayed on an attached computer screen. As is generally illustrated in
In the preferred arrangement, calibration ring 930 will be drawn on the computer screen 910. This circle 920 might be marked with, for example, degree increments (i.e., zero to 360) or some other metric. Obviously, this sort of display would allow the user/DJ to quickly estimate the approximate aural position of audio program within the room at any instant.
In operation, the rays 940 and 950 will move on the screen 910 at least during the transition period between two successive songs. The display of
Obviously, there are an unlimited number of variations of this embodiment that might be implemented. Some additional examples include making the name of each audio program a part of the corresponding ray 940/950 and/or using the text name of the audio program as the ray (e.g., the phrase “Wooly Bully” would circle around the screen in place of ray 940); successively highlighting icons 920 as the sound moves from speaker to speaker (which might be used in conjunction with or instead of rays 940/950); other standard visual effects could be used in conjunction with the transition (e.g., the graphic display could be made to “slide off” of the monitor 910 in the same direction as the exiting audio program, thereby revealing a new screen underneath), etc.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that in some cases it would be beneficial to make the screen display 910 visible to the participants by, for example, projecting it onto a wall or ceiling. In that case, the video presentation will preferably be chosen to complement or enhance the chosen audio program, thereby potentially increasing the intensity of the experience for the participants.
Further, and according to another preferred embodiment, there is provided an invention substantially as described above, but wherein some degree of interactivity is provided to the user so that the user can override or augment the pre-programmed transition. That is, and taking for example the embodiment of
It should be noted that inventive method can be used in an infinite number of ways to impart apparent motion during song-to-song transitions. As a specific example of how one such scheme might be implemented, a suggestion of circular motion can readily be obtained by modulating the relative volumes according to the standard equation that describe a circle. For example, it is possible to give the impression that the audio source is moving circularly about the room in a clockwise direction by adjusting the volume of the corner channels according to the following scale factors:
VOLLF=0.5+0.5*cos (x);
VOLRF=0.5+0.5*sin (x);
VOLRR=0.5−0.5*cos (x); and,
VOLLR=0.5−0.5*sin (x),
where VOLLF is the volume of the left front channel, VOLRF is the volume of the right front channel, VOLRR if the volume of the right rear channel, VOLLR is the volume of the left rear channel and x is varied from 0 to 360 degrees. Depending on how quickly “x” is allowed to vary between 0 and 360 degrees (e.g., over ten seconds), different speeds of “rotation” may be created. By also modifying the coefficients of the above equations, a number of additional effects could be created, such as spiraling a program into, or out of, the room. Virtually any geometric form may be traced by an audio program in a similar manner.
As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, the process of moving audio through the various channels is preferably performed in an automated fashion by manipulating the volume controls and the reverb controls with a computer, such as the computer 12 as shown in
For purposes of the present invention, the term computer is to be interpreted broadly to include desktop or rack-mount computers, microprocessors, microcontrollers, processors incorporated in programmable logic or discrete logic, or even analog logic/computers.
It should be noted and remembered that, for purposes of the instant invention, the only requirement of the computer 12 is that it must minimally be an active device, i.e., one that is programmable in some sense, that it is capable of recognizing signals from a bed mat or similar patient sensing device, and that it is capable of initiating the sounding of one or more alarm sounds in response thereto. Of course, these sorts of modest requirements may be satisfied by any number of programmable logic devices (“PLD”) including, without limitation, gate arrays, FPGA's (i.e., field programmable gate arrays), CPLD's, EPLD's, SPLD's, PAL's, FPLA's, FPLS, GAL, PLA, FPAA, PSoC, SoC, CSoC, ASIC, etc., as those acronyms and their associated devices are known and used in the art. Further, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that many of these sorts of devices contain microprocessors integral thereto. Thus, for purposes of the instant disclosure the terms “computer”, “processor,” “microprocessor,” “micro-controller”, and “CPU” should be interpreted to take the broadest possible meaning herein, and such meaning is intended to include any PLD or other programmable device of the general sort described above.
It should also be noted that the inventive effects may be performed in any number of channels of audio program, except in a monaural environment. In a stereo environment the illusion of motion is constrained to a line defined by the two speakers, thus for example, one song might exit to the left while a second song enters from the right. Of course, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that some illusion of “depth” can be created in a stereo environment, at least in the direction of the speakers relative to the listener, through the use of effects such as reverb. As more channels are added, the range of possible effects increases. As noted above, five channel surround systems area quite popular and, while not limited to such systems, the present invention is well suited to five channel surround environments.
Finally, it should also be noted that the inventive song-to-song transitions may be further enhanced through the addition of sound effects, particularly effects associated with motion. Like the program audio, apparent motion may be imparted to such sound effects by proper manipulation of the relative volumes between the channels and optionally through the use of delay. By way of example and not limitation, a “zwoosh” or similar sound may be moved through the audio channels along with the program audio from either the exiting program, the entering program, or both, to further enhance the illusion of movement, or a song could be spiraled out through the center of the room as, discussed above, while accompanied by a flushing sound.
Thus, the present invention is well adapted to carry out the objects and attain the ends and advantages mentioned above as well as those inherent therein. While the inventive device has been described and illustrated herein by reference to certain preferred embodiments in relation to the drawings attached hereto, various changes and further modifications, apart from those shown or suggested herein, may be made therein by those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the inventive concept, the scope of which is to be determined by the following claims.
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