Patent Grant
7920792
The present invention relates generally to communication systems and, more particularly, to a system and method for managing communication in a hybrid passive optical network.
In recent years, a bottlenecking of communication networks has occurred in the portion of the network known as the access network. Bandwidth on longhaul optical networks has increased sharply through new technologies such as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and transmission of traffic at greater bit rates. Metropolitan-area networks have also seen a dramatic increase in bandwidth. However, the access network, also known as the last mile of the communications infrastructure connecting a carrier's central office to a residential or commercial customer site, has not seen as great of an increase in affordable bandwidth. The access network thus presently acts as the bottleneck of communication networks, such as the internet.
Power-splitting passive optical networks (PSPONs) offer one solution to the bottleneck issue. PSPONs refer to typical access networks in which an optical line terminal (OLT) at the carrier's central office transmits traffic over one or two downstream wavelengths for broadcast to optical network units (ONUs). In the upstream direction, ONUs typically time-share transmission of traffic in one wavelength. An ONU refers to a form of access node that converts optical signals transmitted via fiber to electrical signals that can be transmitted to individual subscribers and vice versa. PSPONs address the bottleneck issue by providing greater bandwidth at the access network than typical access networks. For example, networks such as digital subscriber line (DSL) networks that transmit traffic over copper telephone wires typically transmit at a rate between approximately 144 kilobits per second (Kb/s) and 1.5 megabits per second (Mb/s). Conversely, Broadband PONs (BPONs), which are example PSPONs, are currently being deployed to provide hundreds of megabits per second capacity shared by thirty-two users. Gigabit PONs (GPONs), another example of a PSPON, typically operate at speeds of up to 2.5 gigabits per second (Gb/s) by using more powerful transmitters, providing even greater bandwidth. Other PSPONs include, for example, asynchronous transfer mode PONs (APONs) and gigabit Ethernet PONs (GEPONs).
Although PSPON systems provide increased bandwidth in access networks, demand continues to grow for higher bandwidth. One solution, wavelength division multiplexing PON (WDMPON), would increase downstream (and upstream) capacity dramatically but inefficiently. WDMPONs refer to access networks in which each ONU receives and transmits traffic over a dedicated downstream and upstream wavelength, respectively. Although WDMPONs would increase capacity dramatically, they would do so at a prohibitively high cost for many operators and would supply capacity far exceeding current or near-future demand. Because demand for greater capacity continues to grow (but not at a rate to justify adoption of WDMPONs in most cases), a need exists for cost-efficient solutions along the upgrade path from PS-PONs to full WDMPONs.
In accordance with the teachings of the present invention, a system and method for managing communication in a hybrid passive optical network (HPON) is provided. In a particular embodiment, the method includes transmitting, at a first wavelength, a first configuration message on the HPON. The method also includes receiving at one or more of a plurality of receivers at an optical line terminal (OLT) one or more configuration response messages from one or more optical network units (ONUs) in a first set of ONUs. The method further includes, based on the configuration response messages from the first set of ONUs, associating, in a database, each ONU in the first set of ONUs with the first wavelength and with the receiver receiving the configuration response message from the ONU. The method also includes, after transmitting the first configuration message, transmitting, at a second wavelength, a second configuration message on the HPON. The method further includes receiving at one or more of the plurality of receivers at the OLT one or more configuration response messages from one or more ONUs in a second set of ONUs, wherein the ONUs in the second set of ONUs do not belong to the first set of ONUs. The method also includes, based on the configuration response messages from the second set of ONUs, associating, in the database, each ONU in the second set of ONUs with the second wavelength and with the receiver receiving the configuration response message from the ONU.
Technical advantages of one or more embodiments of the present invention may include using an auto-discovery of reachability scheme in an HPON to allow the OLT and ONUs in the HPON to communicate suitably. To allow such communication, in particular embodiments, the auto-discovery of reachability scheme may associate, at the OLT, particular transmitted downstream wavelengths with the one or more ONUs receiving traffic in the particular wavelengths. Such associations may be made one wavelength at a time in particular embodiments or concurrently for all wavelengths in alternative embodiments. In embodiments using multiple receivers at the OLT, each receiver may be associated with a corresponding set of one or more ONUs transmitting upstream traffic to that receiver. In particular embodiments, the associations among transmitters, ONUs, and receivers can be used by the OLT to create and transmit appropriate upstream bandwidth allocation map(s) to the ONUs.
In particular embodiments, the auto-discovery schemes used in the HPON may provide an efficient technique for determining reachability. In an upgrade to HPON from PSPON, an efficient auto-discovery scheme may be one that does not substantially deviate from the PSPON messaging scheme being upgraded. An efficient auto-discovery scheme may also be one, for example, that does not require substantial changes to PSPON components or to the PSPON architecture generally. As an example only, in an upgrade from GPON to HGPON, an efficient scheme for auto-discovery of ONU reachability may be one that does not substantially deviate from the G.984.3 GPON protocol and/or one that does not require changes to ONU hardware.
It will be understood that the various embodiments of the present invention may include some, all, or none of the enumerated technical advantages. In addition other technical advantages of the present invention may be readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the figures, description, and claims included herein.
For a more complete understanding of the present invention and its features and advantages, reference is now made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
PSPONs address the bottleneck issue by providing greater bandwidth at the access network than typical access networks. For example, networks such as digital subscriber line (DSL) networks that transmit traffic over copper telephone wires typically transmit at a rate between approximately 144 kilobits per second (Kb/s) and 1.5 megabits per second (Mb/s). Conversely, broadband PONs (BPONs) are currently being deployed to provide hundreds of megabits per second capacity shared by thirty-two users. Gigabit PONs (GPONs), which typically operate at speeds of up to 2.5 gigabits per second (Gb/s) by using more powerful transmitters, provide even greater bandwidth.
Referring back to PSPON 10 of
OLT 12, which may be an example of an upstream terminal, may reside at the carrier's central office, where it may be coupled to a larger communication network. OLT 12 includes a transmitter 14 operable to transmit traffic in a downstream wavelength, such as λd, for broadcast to all ONUs 50, which may reside at or near customer sites. OLT 12 may also include a transmitter 20 operable to transmit traffic in a second downstream wavelength λv (which may be added to λd) for broadcast to all ONUs 50. As an example, in typical GPONs, λv may carry analog video traffic. Alternatively, λv may carry digital data traffic. OLT 12 also includes a receiver 18 operable to receive traffic from all ONUs 50 in a time-shared upstream wavelength, λu. OLT 12 may also comprise filters 16 and 22 to pass and reflect wavelengths appropriately.
It should be noted that, in typical PSPONs, downstream traffic in λd and λv is transmitted at a greater bit rate than is traffic in λu, as PSPONs typically provide lower upstream bandwidth than downstream bandwidth. Also, downstream transmitters are typically more powerful than upstream transmitters, and thus, downstream reach is greater than upstream reach. It should also be noted that “downstream” traffic refers to traffic traveling in the direction from the OLT (or upstream terminal) to the ONUs (or downstream terminals), and “upstream” traffic refers to traffic traveling in the direction from the ONUs (or downstream terminals) to the OLT (or upstream terminal). It should further be noted that λd may include the band centered around 1490 nm, λv may include the band centered around 1550 nm, and λu may include the band centered around 1311 nm in particular PSPONs.
Optical fiber 30 may include any suitable fiber to carry upstream and downstream traffic. In certain PSPONs 10, optical fiber 30 may comprise, for example, bidirectional optical fiber. In other PSPONs 10, optical fiber 30 may comprise two distinct fibers.
RN 40 of PSPON 10 (which may also generally be referred to as a distribution node) comprises any suitable power splitter, such as an optical coupler, and connects OLT 12 to ONUs 50. RN 40 is located in any suitable location and is operable to split a downstream signal such that each ONU 50 receives a copy of the downstream signal. Due to the split and other possible power losses, each copy forwarded to an ONU has less than 1/N of the power of the downstream signal received by RN 40, where N refers to the number of ONUs 50. In addition to splitting downstream signals, RN 40 is also operable to combine into one signal upstream, time-shared signals transmitted by ONUs 50. RN 40 is operable to forward the upstream signal to OLT 12.
ONUs 50 (which may be examples of downstream terminals) may include any suitable optical network unit or optical network terminal (ONT) and generally refer to a form of access node that converts optical signals transmitted via fiber to electrical signals that can be transmitted to individual subscribers and vice versa. Subscribers may include residential and/or commercial customers. Typically, PONs 10 have thirty-two ONUs 50 per OLT 12, and thus, many example PONs may be described as including this number of ONUs. However, any suitable number of ONUs per OLT may be provided. ONUs 50 may include triplexers that comprise two receivers to receive downstream traffic (one for traffic in λd and the other for traffic in λv) and one transmitter to transmit upstream traffic in λu. The transmission rate of the ONU transmitter is typically less than the transmission rate of the OLT transmitter (due to less demand for upstream capacity than for downstream capacity). Also, the power of the ONU transmitter is typically less than the power of the OLT transmitter, and thus, upstream reach is less than downstream reach. Each ONU 50 is operable to process its designated downstream traffic and to transmit upstream traffic according to an appropriate time-sharing protocol (such that the traffic transmitted by one ONU in λu does not collide with the traffic of other ONUs in λu).
In operation, transmitter 14 of OLT 12 transmits downstream traffic for broadcast to ONUs 50 in λd. Transmitter 20 of OLT 12 may also transmit downstream analog video traffic for broadcast to ONUs 50 in λv. Traffic in λd passes filter 16 and is combined with λv at filter 22 (which passes λd and reflects λv). The combined traffic then travels over optical fiber 30 to RN 40. RN 40 splits the downstream traffic into a suitable number of copies and forwards each copy to a corresponding ONU 50. Each ONU 50 receives a copy of the downstream traffic in λd and λv and processes the signal. Suitable addressing schemes may be used to identify which traffic is destined for which ONU 50.
In the upstream direction, each ONU 50 may transmit upstream traffic in λu along fiber 30 according to a suitable time-sharing protocol (such that upstream traffic does not collide). RN 40 receives the upstream traffic from each ONU 50 and combines the traffic from each ONU 50 into one signal (at, e.g., the RN's power splitter). RN 40 then forwards the combined traffic over fiber 30 to OLT 12. At OLT 12, the combined traffic is passed by filter 22 and reflected by filter 16 to receiver 18. Receiver 18 receives the signal and processes it.
One current limitation of typical PSPONs is their limited upstream bandwidth. Increased upstream bandwidth can be provided in hybrid PONs (HPONs), hybrids between PSPONs and WDMPONs, that transmit at multiple upstream wavelengths.
OLT 512 (which may be an example of an upstream terminal) may reside at the carrier's central office and comprises transmitters 514, multiplexer 515, filter 516 and receiver 518, and transmitter 520 and filter 522. Each transmitter 514a-514d may comprise any suitable transmitter and is operable to transmit traffic over a corresponding wavelength, λ1-λ4, respectively.
It should be noted that, λ1-λ4 are used in HPON 500 for illustrative purposes only. Also, although four transmitters are illustrated in example HPON 500, any suitable number of transmitters may be included, transmitting traffic at any suitable number of wavelengths. It should also be noted that although example HPON 500 does not provide WDM for upstream traffic, it may be economical to implement transceivers (transmitter and receiver) in OLT 512, instead of only transmitters 514, in anticipation of a further upgrade to WDM upstream (e.g., an upgrade to particular embodiments of HPON 600 of
Multiplexer 515 comprises any suitable multiplexer/demultiplexer (and may be considered a wavelength router) and is operable to combine the traffic in λ1-λ4 into one signal. In particular example networks, multiplexer 515 may comprise a cyclic multiplexer operable to receive and combine the traffic in more than one wavelength through each port. In other example networks, multiplexer 512 may be a typical N×1 multiplexer operable to receive only the traffic in one wavelength through each port.
Filter 516 comprises any suitable filter operable to receive the traffic in λ1-λ4 from multiplexer 515 and pass the traffic in λ1-λ4 to filter 522. In the upstream direction, filter 516 is operable to receive traffic in λu and direct traffic in λu to receiver 518. Receiver 518 may comprise any suitable receiver operable to receive and process upstream traffic from ONUs 550 carried over time-shared λu.
Transmitter 520 comprises any suitable transmitter and is operable to transmit traffic over λv for eventual broadcast to all ONUs 550. Transmitter 520 is further operable to direct the traffic to filter 522. In particular embodiments, transmitter 520 may transmit analog video traffic over λv. In alternative embodiments, transmitter 520 may transmit digital data traffic. It should be noted that, although a single transmitter 520 is illustrated, OLT 512 may comprise any suitable number of transmitters operable to transmit traffic for eventual broadcast to all ONUs 550.
Filter 522 is operable to receive the traffic in λv and the traffic in λ1-λ4 and combine the traffic. Filter 522 is also operable to direct the combined traffic over fiber 530 to RN 540. In the upstream direction, filter 522 is operable to receive traffic in λu and direct the traffic in λu to filter 516.
Optical fiber 530 may comprise any suitable fiber to carry upstream and downstream traffic. In certain HPONs 500, optical fiber 530 may comprise, for example, bidirectional optical fiber. In other HPONs 500, optical fiber 530 may comprise two distinct fibers, one carrying downstream traffic and the other carrying upstream traffic.
RN 540 comprises filter 542, multiplexer 546, primary power splitter 548, and secondary power splitters 549. RN 540 is operable to receive the traffic in λ1-λ4 and λv from OLT 512, filter out and broadcast the traffic in λv, and demultiplex and forward the traffic in λ1-λ4 to the ONUs in corresponding groups of wavelength-sharing ONUs 550. RN 540 is further operable to receive from ONUs 550 upstream signals carried over time-shared wavelength λu, combine these signals, and forward the combined traffic in λu to OLT 512. It should be noted that although RN 540 is referred to as a remote node, “remote” refers to RN 540 being communicatively coupled to OLT 512 and ONUs 550 in any suitable spatial arrangement. A remote node may also generally be referred to as a distribution node.
Filter 542 may comprise any suitable filter operable to receive a signal comprising traffic in λ1-λ4 and λv, pass the traffic in λ1-λ4 to multiplexer 546, and direct the traffic in λv to primary power splitter 548. Although filter 542 in the illustrated example includes only one filter, filter 542 may comprise any suitable number of filters (coupled to optional switches) to facilitate an upgrade of the network. In the upstream direction, filter 542 is operable to receive the traffic in λu and direct it toward OLT 512.
Multiplexer 546 may comprise any suitable multiplexer/demultiplexer (and may be considered a wavelength router) and is operable to receive the signal comprising the traffic in λ1-λ4 and demultiplex the signal. Each output port of multiplexer 546 is operable to forward the traffic in a corresponding one of λ1-λ4 to a corresponding secondary power splitter 549a-549d, respectively. In the upstream direction, multiplexer 546 is operable to receive and terminate the traffic in λu, as ONUs 550 of example HPON 500 time-share λu (and do not transmit traffic over multiple upstream wavelengths). Alternatively, multiplexer 546 may forward this traffic to filter 542 for suitable termination (where termination may be performed internally or externally).
It should be noted that multiplexer 546 may comprise a cyclic multiplexer or any other suitable type of multiplexer and may have any suitable number of ports. Also, although one multiplexer 546 is illustrated in remote node 540 of
Primary power splitter 548 may comprise any suitable power splitter operable to receive the traffic in λv and split the traffic into four copies. The power of each copy may be less than one-fourth of the power of the original signal λv. Primary power splitter 548 is operable to forward each copy to a corresponding secondary power splitter 549. In the upstream direction, primary power splitter 548 is operable to receive traffic transmitted by ONUs 550 over time-shared λu from secondary power splitters 549 and combine this traffic into one signal. Primary power splitter 548 forwards the upstream signal to OLT 512. Primary power splitter 548 thus broadcasts the traffic in λv in the downstream direction and combines traffic over time-shared λu in the upstream direction. Although primary power splitter 548 is illustrated as a 1×4 power splitter, any suitable power splitter may be used.
Each secondary power splitter 549 may comprise any suitable power splitter, such as an optical coupler, operable to receive a signal from primary power splitter 548 and a signal from multiplexer 546, combine the two signals into one signal, split the combined signal into a suitable number of copies, and forward each copy to the ONUs in a corresponding wavelength-sharing group of ONUs 550 (each group of wavelength-sharing ONUs shares one of λ1-λ4 in the downstream direction). In the upstream direction, each secondary power splitter 549 is operable to receive traffic transmitted at λu from each ONU 550 of a corresponding group of ONUs 550 and combine the traffic from each ONU 550 into one signal. Each secondary power splitter 549 is operable to split the combined upstream traffic into two copies and forward one copy to primary power splitter 548 and one copy to multiplexer 546. The copy forwarded to primary power splitter 548, as described above, is combined with other traffic from other ONUs 550 transmitted over time-shared λu. The copy forwarded to multiplexer 546 may be blocked or forwarded to filter 542 for suitable termination. Although secondary power splitters 549 are illustrated as 2×4 couplers in example HPON 500, secondary power splitters 549 may be any suitable coupler or combination of couplers (such as a 2×2 coupler coupled to two 1×2 couplers). Secondary power splitters 549 may split or combine any suitable number of signals.
Each ONU 550 (which may be an example of a downstream terminal) may comprise any suitable ONU or ONT. Each ONU 550 comprises a filter 560, receiver 562, filter 570, receiver 572, and transmitter 582. Each filter 560 may comprise any suitable filter operable to direct traffic in wavelength λv (for example, analog video traffic) to receiver 562. Filter 560 is further operable to pass the traffic in the corresponding one of λ1-λ4 received at the ONU 550 to filter 570 and to pass the traffic in λu to RN 540 in the upstream direction. Receiver 562 may comprise any suitable receiver operable to receive the traffic transmitted in λv and process the traffic. Each filter 570 may comprise any suitable filter operable to receive the traffic in a corresponding one of λ1-λ4 and direct it to receiver 572. Filter 570 is further operable to pass the traffic in upstream wavelength λu to corresponding filter 560 in the upstream direction. Receiver 572 may comprise any suitable receiver operable to receive the traffic transmitted in a corresponding one of λ1-λ4 and process the traffic. Receiver 572 may be operable to receive traffic in any one of λ1-λ4, providing flexibility in assigning (or re-assigning) an ONU 550 to a particular wavelength-sharing group. Each transmitter 582 may comprise any suitable transmitter operable to transmit traffic over λu in the upstream direction, applying a suitable protocol to time-share λu with the other ONUs 550.
It should be noted that although four ONUs 550 are illustrated as being part of a group of ONUs 550 in HPON 500, any suitable number of ONUs 550 may be part of a group sharing a downstream wavelength. In addition, there may be multiple groups each sharing a different downstream wavelength. For example, ONUs 550a may share λ1, ONUs 550b (not illustrated) may share λ2, ONUs 550c (not illustrated) may share λ3, and ONUs 550d may share λ4. Also, one or more ONUs 550 may be a part of more than one group in some networks. It should also be noted that any suitable number of ONUs 550 may be implemented in the network.
In operation, transmitters 514a-514d of OLT 512 transmit traffic at λ1-λ4 , respectively, and forward the traffic to multiplexer 515. Multiplexer 515 combines the traffic in the four wavelengths into one signal and forwards the signal to filter 516. Filter 516 passes the downstream signal to filter 522. Transmitter 20 of OLT 512 also transmits traffic at λv and forwards the traffic to filter 522. Filter 522 receives the traffic in λ1-λ4 and λv and directs the traffic over optical fiber 530 to RN 540.
Filter 542 of RN 540 receives the signal and directs the traffic in λv to primary power splitter 548, allowing the traffic in λ1-λ4 to pass to multiplexer 546. Primary power splitter 548 receives the traffic in λv and splits it into a suitable number of copies. In the illustrated embodiment, primary power splitter 548 splits the traffic in λv into four copies, and forwards each copy to a corresponding secondary power splitter 549. Multiplexer 546 receives the signal comprising the traffic in λ1-λ4 and demultiplexes the signal into its constituent wavelengths. Multiplexer 546 then forwards the traffic in each wavelength along a corresponding fiber such that each secondary power splitter 549 receives the traffic in a corresponding one of λ1-λ4.
Each secondary power splitter 549 thus receives a copy of traffic in λv from primary power splitter 548 and traffic in a corresponding one of λ1-λ4 from multiplexer 546, combines the traffic into one signal, and splits the signal into a suitable number of copies. In the illustrated embodiment, each secondary power splitter 549 splits the signal into four copies. In this way, the traffic in λv is broadcast to all ONUs 550 and a corresponding one of λ1-λ4 is transmitted to and shared by one or more groups of ONUs 550. In the illustrated embodiment, ONUs 550a share λ1, ONUs 550b (not illustrated) share λ2, ONUs 550c (not illustrated) share λ3, and ONUs 550d share λ4. It should be noted again that the groups of ONUs 550 sharing a wavelength may be different than those illustrated in
After secondary power splitters 549 split the signal comprising the traffic in a corresponding one of λ1-λ4 and the traffic in λv into four copies, secondary power splitters 549 forward each copy over fiber 530 such that the ONUs 550 coupled to the secondary power splitter 549 receive a copy. Filter 560 of each ONU 550 receives the signal and directs the traffic in λv to receiver 562, which then processes the traffic carried over λv. Filter 560 passes the corresponding one of λ1-λ4 to filter 570. Filter 570 receives the traffic in the corresponding one of λ1-λ4 and directs the traffic to receiver 572 which then processes the traffic. Again, since each ONU 550 in a group may share one of λ1-λ4 with other ONUs 550 in the group, ONUs 550 may apply a suitable addressing protocol to process downstream traffic appropriately (e.g., to determine which portion of the traffic transmitted in the corresponding wavelength is destined for which ONU 550 in a group).
In the upstream direction, transmitter 582 of each ONU 550 transmits traffic over λu. Filters 570 and 560 receive the traffic in λu and pass the traffic. The signal travels over fiber 530 to RN 540. Each secondary power splitter 549 of RN 540 receives traffic over time-shared λu and combines the traffic from each ONU 550 in the corresponding group of ONUs 550. Again, since each ONU 550 transmits traffic over upstream wavelength λu, ONUs 550 may adhere to a suitable protocol to time-share λu such that traffic from multiple ONUs 550 does not collide. After receiving and combining traffic over λu into one signal, each secondary power splitter 549 splits the signal into two copies, forwarding one copy to multiplexer 546 and one copy to primary power splitter 548. As discussed above, multiplexer 546 of example network 500 may block λu or forward λu to filter 542 for suitable termination (internal or external to filter 542). Primary power splitter 548 receives traffic over λu from each secondary power splitter 549, combines the traffic, and forwards the traffic to filter 542. Filter 542 receives the combined traffic in λu and directs the traffic toward OLT 512. Fiber 530 carries the traffic in λu to filter 522 of OLT 512. Filter 522 receives the traffic in λu and passes the traffic to filter 516. Filter 516 receives the traffic in λu and directs the traffic toward receiver 518. Receiver 518 receives the traffic and processes it.
OLT 612 (which may be an example of an upstream terminal) may reside at the carrier's central office and comprises transmitters 514, multiplexer 515, transmitter 520, filter 616, demultiplexer 618, receivers 619a-619d, and filter 622. Transmitters 514, multiplexer 515, and transmitter 520 have been described above in conjunction with
Demultiplexer 618 comprises any suitable multiplexer/demultiplexer (and may be considered a wavelength router) and is operable to demultiplex the signal comprising λ5-λ8 into its constituent wavelengths. Each receiver 619a-619d comprises any suitable receiver operable to receive traffic in a corresponding one of λ5-λ8. In particular embodiments, an ONU 650 of two or more sets of ONUs 650a-650d may transmit upstream traffic at λ5-λ8, respectively, in the same time-slot, which may be multiplexed at primary power splitter 648 of RN 640, as described further below. In such embodiments, demultiplexer 618 may demultiplex λ5-λ8 and forward traffic in each wavelength to a corresponding receiver, one of receivers 619a-619d.
It should be noted that λ5-λ8 may (but need not) be the same as λ1-λ4 transmitted in the downstream direction in
Filter 616 is operable to receive the traffic in λ1-λ4 from multiplexer 515 and direct the traffic to filter 622. In the upstream direction, filter 616 is operable to receive the traffic in any one or more of λ5-λ8 from filter 622 and direct the traffic to demultiplexer 618. Filter 622 is operable to receive the traffic in λ1-λ4 from filter 616 and the traffic in λv from transmitter 520, combine the traffic, and forward the traffic to RN 640. In the upstream direction, filter 622 is operable to receive the traffic in any one or more of λ5-λ8 from RN 640 and direct the traffic to filter 616. Optical fiber 530 has been described above in conjunction with
RN 640 comprises filter 642, multiplexer 646, primary power splitter 648, and secondary power splitters 649a-649d. RN 640 is operable to receive the traffic in λ1-λ4 and λv from OLT 612, filter out and broadcast the traffic in λv, and demultiplex and forward the traffic in λ1-λ4 to the ONUs in corresponding groups of wavelength-sharing ONUs 650a-650d, respectively. In the upstream direction, RN 640 is operable to receive the traffic in λ5-λ8 from ONUs 650a-650d, respectively, at primary power splitter 648 and forward this traffic to OLT 612. It should be noted that although RN 640 is referred to as a remote node, “remote” refers to RN 640 being communicatively coupled to OLT 612 and ONUs 650 in any suitable spatial arrangement. A remote node may also generally be referred to as a distribution node.
Filter 642 may comprise any suitable filter operable to receive a signal comprising traffic in λ1-λ4 and λv from OLT 612, direct the traffic in λ1-λ4 to multiplexer 646, and direct the traffic in λv to primary power splitter 648. In the upstream direction, filter 642 is operable to receive the traffic in λ5-λ8 from primary power splitter 648 (and optionally from multiplexer 646) and forward the traffic in λ5-λ8 to OLT 612 (and suitably terminate the traffic from multiplexer 646, internally or externally). Although filter 642 comprises a single filter in the illustrated embodiment, in alternative embodiments, filter 642 may comprise any suitable number of filters (coupled to optional switches) to facilitate an upgrade of the network (e.g., an upgrade in capacity).
Multiplexer 646 may comprise any suitable multiplexer/demultiplexer (and may be considered a wavelength router) and is operable to receive the downstream signal comprising the traffic in λ1-λ4 and demultiplex the signal. Each output port of multiplexer 646 is operable to forward the traffic in a corresponding one of λ1-λ4 to a corresponding secondary power splitter 649a-649d, respectively. In the upstream direction, multiplexer 646 is operable to receive the traffic in λ5-λ8 from secondary power splitters 649a-649d, respectively, and terminate this traffic (or forward this traffic to filter 642 for suitable termination).
It should be noted that multiplexer 646 may comprise a cyclic multiplexer or any other suitable type of multiplexer and may have any suitable number of ports. Also, although one multiplexer 646 is illustrated in remote node 640, in alternative remote nodes, multiplexer 646 may comprise two or more separate multiplexers receiving downstream signals from one or more upstream sources and forwarding the traffic downstream such that ONUs 650 share wavelengths. It should further be noted that the traffic in each wavelength may pass to a different secondary power splitter than that illustrated, the traffic in more than one wavelength may pass to a secondary power splitter, and/or multiplexer 646 may receive, multiplex, and pass traffic in less or more than four downstream wavelengths. In particular embodiments, multiplexer 646 may be the same as multiplexer 546 of
Primary power splitter 648 may comprise any suitable power splitter operable to receive the traffic in λv from filter 642 and split the traffic into four copies. The power of each copy may be less than one-fourth of the power of the original signal λv. Primary power splitter 648 is operable to forward each copy to a corresponding secondary power splitter 649. In the upstream direction, primary power splitter 648 is operable to receive traffic transmitted by ONUs 650 over λ5-λ8 from secondary power splitters 649, combine this traffic into one signal, and forward the signal to filter 642. Primary power splitter 648 thus broadcasts downstream traffic in λv and combines and forwards upstream traffic in λ5-λ8. It should be noted that, because primary power splitter 648 (and not a multiplexer) combines upstream traffic in λ5-λ8, each ONU in sets 650a-650d may transmit at any one of λ5-λ8. Thus, for example, in particular embodiments, ONUs sharing a particular downstream wavelength (e.g., ONUs 650a) may transmit at different upstream wavelengths (e.g., any two or more of λ5-λ8). In alternative embodiments, these ONUs may transmit at the same upstream wavelength (e.g., λ5). Although primary power splitter 648 is illustrated as a 1×4 power splitter, any suitable power splitter may be used in alternative embodiments.
Each secondary power splitter, one of 649a-649d, may comprise any suitable power splitter, such as an optical coupler, operable to receive a copy of downstream traffic in λv from primary power splitter 648 and traffic in a corresponding one of λ1-λ4 from multiplexer 646, combine the traffic in λv and λ1-λ4, split the combined traffic into a suitable number of copies, and forward each resulting copy to a corresponding set of ONUs 650. In the upstream direction, each secondary power splitter 649 is operable to receive traffic in any one of λ5-λ8 from each downstream ONU 650 and combine the traffic into one signal. Each secondary power splitter 649 is operable to split the combined upstream traffic into two copies and forward a first copy to primary power splitter 648 and a second copy to multiplexer 646. The copy forwarded to primary power splitter 648 may be combined at splitter 648 with traffic from other secondary power splitters 649 and forwarded to filter 642. The copy forwarded to multiplexer 646 may be terminated or forwarded to filter 642 for termination. Although secondary power splitters 649 comprise 2×4 couplers in the illustrated embodiment, in alternative embodiments, secondary power splitters 649 may comprise any other suitable couplers or combination of couplers. Secondary power splitters 649 may split or combine any suitable number of signals and may reside in any suitable location in HPON 600.
Each ONU 650 (which may be an example of a downstream terminal) may comprise any suitable ONU or ONT. Each ONU 650 comprises receivers 562 and 572, filters 660 and 670, and transmitter 682. Receivers 562 and 572 have been described above in conjunction with
Each filter 670 may comprise any suitable filter operable to receive the traffic in a corresponding one of λ1-λ4 from a corresponding filter 660 and direct the traffic to a corresponding receiver 572. In the upstream direction, each filter 670 is further operable to receive the traffic in a corresponding one of λ5-λ8 from a corresponding transmitter 682 and direct the traffic to a corresponding filter 660.
Each transmitter 682 may comprise any suitable transmitter operable to transmit traffic at a corresponding one of λ5-λ8 in the upstream direction. ONUs 650 transmitting at λ5 time-share transmission at λ5, ONUs 650 transmitting at λ6 time-share transmission at λ6 (not illustrated), ONUs 650 transmitting at λ7 time-share transmission at λ7 (not illustrated), and ONUs transmitting at λ8 time-share transmission at λ8. It should be noted that any suitable number of ONUs 650 may be part of a group sharing an upstream wavelength. It should also be noted that any suitable number of ONUs 650 may be implemented in the network.
In operation, in the downstream direction, transmitters 514a-514d and 520 at OLT 612 transmit traffic at λ1-λ4 and λv, respectively. Multiplexer 515 combines the traffic in λ1-λ4 and forwards the combined traffic to filter 616. Filter 616 receives the traffic in λ1-λ4 and forwards the traffic to filter 622. Filter 622 receives the traffic in λ1-λ4 from filter 616 and the traffic in λv from transmitter 520, combines the traffic into one signal, and forwards the signal over fiber 530 to RN 640. Filter 642 of RN 640 receives the traffic in λ1-λ4 and λv, directs the traffic in λv to primary power splitter 648, and directs the traffic in λ1-λ4 to multiplexer 646. Primary power splitter 648 receives the traffic in λv and splits it into a suitable number of copies. In the illustrated embodiment, primary power splitter 648 splits the traffic in λv into four copies and forwards each copy to a corresponding secondary power splitter 649. Multiplexer 646 receives the signal comprising the traffic in λ1-λ4 and demultiplexes the signal into its constituent wavelengths. Multiplexer 646 then directs the traffic in λ1-λ4 to secondary power splitters 649a-649d, respectively.
Each secondary power splitter 649 receives a copy of traffic in λv from primary power splitter 648 and traffic in a corresponding one of λ1-λ4 from multiplexer 646, combines the traffic into one signal, splits the signal into a suitable number of copies, and forwards each copy to a downstream ONU 650. In the illustrated embodiment, each secondary power splitter 649 splits the signal into four copies and forwards the four copies to downstream ONUs 450.
In this manner, the traffic in λv is broadcast to all ONUs 650 and a corresponding one of λ1-λ4 is transmitted to and shared by a group of ONUs 650. In the illustrated embodiment, ONUs 650a share λ1, ONUs 650b (not illustrated) share λ2, ONUs 650c (not illustrated) share λ3, and ONUs 650d share λ4. It should be noted that, in alternative embodiments, the groups of ONUs 650 sharing a particular wavelength may be different than those illustrated in
Filter 660 of each ONU 650 receives a copy of the traffic in λv and a corresponding one of λ1-λ4 from a corresponding secondary power splitter 649. Filter 660 then directs the traffic in λv to receiver 562 (which then processes the traffic) and directs the traffic in the corresponding one of λ1-λ4 to filter 670. Filter 670 receives the traffic in the corresponding one of λ1-λ4 and directs the traffic to receiver 572 which then processes the traffic. Again, since each ONU 650 in a group may share one of λ1-λ4 with other ONUs 650 in the group, ONUs 650 may apply a suitable addressing protocol to process downstream traffic appropriately (e.g., to determine which portion of the traffic transmitted in the corresponding wavelength is destined for which ONU 650 in a group).
In the upstream direction, each ONUs 650 time-shares transmission at a corresponding one of λ5-λ8. In particular embodiments, traffic in two or more of λ5-λ8 is transmitted by multiple ONUs 650 in a particular time-slot. Each secondary power splitter 649 receives any corresponding upstream traffic, splits the received traffic into two copies and forwards one copy to multiplexer 646 and one copy to primary power splitter 648. Multiplexer 646 terminates any received traffic (or forwards the traffic to filter 642 for suitable termination). Primary power splitter 648 receives copies of the traffic in λ5-λ8 from secondary power splitters 649, combines the traffic into one signal (when traffic in a plurality of λ5-λ8 is transmitted per time-slot), and forwards the traffic to filter 642. Filter 642 receives the traffic in the particular set of λ5-λ8 from primary power splitter 648 and forwards the traffic to OLT 612 (and optionally terminates any traffic from multiplexer 646).
Filter 622 of OLT 612 receives the traffic in the particular set of λ5-λ8 and directs the traffic to filter 616. Filter 616 receives the traffic in the particular set of two or more wavelengths and forwards the traffic to demultiplexer 618. Demultiplexer 618 demultiplexes the wavelengths and forwards the traffic in each wavelength to a corresponding receiver 619. Each receiver 619 receives its corresponding traffic and processes it.
Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the example systems and methods described without departing from the scope of the invention. The components of the example methods and systems described may be integrated or separated according to particular needs. Moreover, the operations of the example methods and systems described may be performed by more, fewer, or other components.
In upgrading to an HPON transmitting at multiple upstream wavelengths, network operators may be required to upgrade the legacy messaging scheme due to the upgraded HPON architecture. For example, unlike in a PSPON, in an example HPON transmitting at multiple upstream wavelengths, the OLT assigns particular downstream wavelengths to one or more ONUs and may receive upstream traffic from particular ONUs at particular receivers. Under such conditions, the PSPON messaging scheme may not properly provide for discovery, ranging, upstream bandwidth allocation, and routing of upstream and downstream traffic, as discussed further below. Thus, an upgrade from a PSPON messaging scheme may be required.
In upgrading the legacy messaging scheme, network operators may also desire an efficient solution. An efficient messaging scheme may be one, for example, that does not substantially deviate from the PSPON messaging scheme being upgraded, thereby reducing software and/or hardware modifications. An efficient messaging scheme may also be one that does not require substantial changes to network components. As an example only, in an upgrade from GPON to HGPON, an efficient messaging scheme for auto-discovery of ONU reachability may be one that does not substantially deviate from the G.984.3 GPON protocol and/or one that does not require changes to ONU hardware. Analogous auto-discovery schemes may also be efficient in other PSPON upgrade contexts, such as, for example, in upgrades from BPONs or GEPONs.
Typically, ONUs in a GPON are installed and activated according to a GPON protocol known as the ITU-T G.984.3 protocol. The protocol provides for the automatic discovery and ranging of ONUs in the network and for ONU management and control channel (OMCC) setup using physical layer operations, administration, and maintenance (PLOAM) messaging. Specifically, to activate a newly connected ONU under the protocol, the OLT discovers the serial number of the newly connected ONU. The OLT does so by transmitting an ONU serial number request message to all of the downstream ONUs. The newly connected ONU responds to the OLT message by reporting its serial number to the OLT.
After discovering the serial numbers of the newly connected ONU, the OLT assigns an ONU-ID to the ONU, measures the arrival phase of upstream transmission from the ONU, notifies the ONU of the equalization delay (allowing the ONU to adjust upstream transmission with the notified delay value), and configures the OMCC to each ONU using the “Configure Port-ID” PLOAM message. Because the ITU-T G.984.3 protocol cannot, without modification, enable the use of multiple downstream WDM wavelengths, the association of particular subsets of one or more ONUs with particular downstream wavelengths, and the association of particular subsets of one or more ONUs with particular OLT receivers, the unmodified protocol cannot be used in an HGPON to route downstream traffic to the appropriate ONU or to allocate upstream bandwidth among the ONUs. Thus, a different messaging scheme is needed to install and activate ONUs in an HGPON transmitting at multiple upstream wavelengths.
To install and activate ONUs efficiently in an HPON transmitting at multiple upstream wavelengths, in particular embodiments, a messaging scheme may be used that associates, at the OLT, particular transmitted wavelengths with the one or more ONUs receiving traffic in the particular wavelengths and also associates, at the OLT, particular OLT receivers with the one or more ONUs transmitting traffic to those receivers. It should be noted that, in particular embodiments, a set of ONUs receiving traffic in a particular downstream wavelength from a particular OLT transmitter need not all transmit upstream traffic at a single wavelength to a single OLT receiver. Thus, some of these ONUs may transmit upstream traffic in one wavelength to one OLT receiver and others of these ONUs may transmit upstream traffic in another wavelength to another OLT receiver.
Generally, such associations among OLT transmitters, ONUs, and OLT receivers may be initially established using either a sequential auto-discovery of reachability scheme or a simultaneous auto-discovery of reachability scheme. A sequential auto-discovery scheme generally refers to the OLT automatically discovering, in sequence for each downstream WDM wavelength, each set of one or more ONUs sharing a particular downstream wavelength. In particular embodiments, discovery may be initiated for one downstream wavelength at a time. A simultaneous auto-discovery scheme generally refers to the OLT automatically discovering, in parallel for all downstream WDM wavelengths, the set of one or more ONUs sharing each downstream wavelength. In either case, in the HGPON context, only minor changes are made to the ITU-T G.984.3 protocol and/or to existing network components in particular embodiments, thereby providing an efficient solution. Each of these auto-discovery schemes is discussed further below.
As can be observed, in the downstream direction, wavelengths transmitted by OLT 710 (λ1-λM) are shared by particular groups of ONUs 720. For example, each ONUijk where “i” equals “a” shares downstream λ1, each ONUijk where “i” equals “b” shares downstream λ2, and each ONUijk where “i” equals “M” shares downstream λM. In the upstream direction, sets of ONUs 720 transmit upstream traffic in particular wavelengths (λ1-λN). For example, each ONUijk where “j” equals “a” transmits upstream traffic in λ1, each ONUijk where “j” equals “b” transmits upstream traffic in λ2, and each ONUijk where “j” equals “N” transmits upstream traffic in λN.
It should be noted that, although some of the downstream and upstream wavelengths are illustrated with the same designation (e.g., λ1 in the downstream and upstream directions), these may be the same or different wavelengths. Also, the number of downstream wavelengths “M” may be the same or different than the number of upstream wavelengths “N.” Further, the sets of ONUs 720 sharing downstream and upstream wavelengths in
The scheme of
In operation, to initiate discovery, OLT 710 transmits a downstream configuration message 712 (e.g., an ONU serial number request message such as a “SN-RQ-All” message with alloc-ID=254) at a first wavelength (e.g., λ1) to a first set of one or more ONUs 720 (e.g., ONUs 720a). In particular embodiments, message 712 may be the same as the serial number request message used in the G.984.3 protocol. To avoid any collisions due to simultaneous responses from ONUs 720 in the upstream direction, in particular embodiments, OLT 710 transmits a configuration message with alloc-ID=255 or with no bandwidth allocation for upstream transmission (e.g., ZeroPointers) at the other downstream WDM wavelengths. The ONUs 720 receiving traffic in the first wavelength (e.g., ONUs beginning with “720a”) respond to the request by reporting their serial numbers to OLT 710 in configuration messages 7141-714n (e.g., “SN-ONU” messages). These configuration messages 714 may be received at particular receivers at OLT 710. In particular embodiments, messages 714 may be the same as the serial number response messages used in the G.984.3 protocol. OLT 710 may then assign an ONU-ID to each reporting ONU 720 in particular embodiments. An ONU-ID may be used, for example, as an ONU identifier in messaging for control and management. OLT 710 may also tag, in any suitable manner, each reporting ONU's configuration message with the receiver receiving the ONU's response.
Using serial number discovery, OLT 710 associates each ONU in the first set of ONUs illustrated as beginning with “720a” with the first downstream wavelength λ1 (or with the OLT transmitter transmitting at λ1) and with the upstream wavelength in which the ONU's configuration message 714 is transmitted (or with the OLT receiver that receives the ONU's configuration message 714). Thus, OLT 710 associates ONU 720aa1 with downstream λ1 and upstream λ1, ONU 720aa2 with downstream λ1 and upstream λ1, ONU 720ab3 with downstream λ1 and upstream λ2, and ONU 720aNn with downstream λ1 and upstream λN.
Since each downstream wavelength may correspond to a particular transmitter interface and each upstream wavelength may correspond to a particular receiver interface in particular embodiments, OLT 710 may associate the first set of ONUs beginning with “720a” with a first transmitter interface transmitting at λ1 and may also associate each of these ONUs with the particular receiver interface receiving traffic from the ONU. In such embodiments, OLT 710 may build and maintain a reachability table associating ONU-IDs, transmitter interface numbers (TXIF#), and receiver interface numbers (RXIF#). An example reachability table is described below in conjunction with
After OLT 710 concludes serial number discovery associated with the first downstream wavelength, OLT 710 initiates serial number discovery associated with a second downstream wavelength. OLT 710 does so by transmitting a downstream configuration message 712 (e.g., an ONU serial number request message such as a “SN-RQ-All” message with alloc-ID=254), not illustrated, at a second wavelength (e.g., λ2) to a second set of one or more ONUs 720 (e.g., ONUs beginning with “720b”). In particular embodiments, message 712 may be the same as the serial number request message used in the G.984.3 protocol. To avoid any collisions due to simultaneous responses from ONUs 720 in the upstream direction, in particular embodiments, OLT 710 transmits a configuration message with alloc-ID=255 or with no bandwidth allocation for upstream transmission (e.g., ZeroPointers) at the other downstream WDM wavelengths. The ONUs 720 receiving traffic in the second wavelength (e.g., ONUs beginning with “720b”) respond to the request by reporting their serial numbers to OLT 710 in suitable configuration messages 7141-714n (e.g., “SN-ONU” messages), not illustrated. These configuration messages 714 may be received at particular receivers at OLT 710. In particular embodiments, messages 714 may be the same as the serial number response messages used in the G.984.3 protocol. OLT 710 may then assign an ONU-ID to each reporting ONU 720 in particular embodiments.
Using serial number discovery, OLT 710 associates each ONU in the second set of ONUs illustrated as beginning with “720b” with the second downstream wavelength λ2 and with the upstream wavelength in which the ONU's configuration message 714b is transmitted. Thus, OLT 710 associates ONU 720ba1 with downstream λ2 and upstream λ1, ONU 720bb2 with downstream λ2 and upstream λ2, ONU 720bN3 with downstream λ2 and upstream λN, and ONU 720bNn with downstream λ2 and upstream λN.
Since each downstream wavelength may correspond to a particular transmitter interface and each upstream wavelength may correspond to a particular receiver interface in particular embodiments, OLT 710 may associate the second set of ONUs beginning with “720b” with a second transmitter interface transmitting at λ2 and may also associate each of these ONUs with the particular receiver interface receiving traffic from the ONU. In such embodiments, OLT 710 may associate the ONU-IDs for these ONUs 720 with a corresponding TXIF# and RXIF#'s in the reachability table.
Serial number discovery may be performed sequentially for each additional wavelength transmitted at OLT 710. Using the sequential auto-discovery scheme described, OLT 710 may associate each ONU 720 with a particular downstream wavelength and upstream wavelength in the reachability table. In this way, ONUs 720 may be automatically installed and activated in the HPON. In addition, because no modification of the ITU-T G.984.3 message formats may be required in particular embodiments, the sequential auto-discovery scheme may provide an efficient solution.
It should be noted that, although particular embodiments are described in conjunction with an upgrade from the GPON system architecture and messaging protocol, alternative embodiments may be associated with upgrades from other PSPON systems having similar architectures and messaging protocols, such as BPON and GEPON systems, or HPON systems having similar architectures and messaging protocols. It should further be noted that the sequential auto-discovery scheme described above may be performed at any suitable time, such as, for example, at the first installation of one or more ONUs, in conjunction with network recovery, periodically (e.g., after a certain amount of time has passed, which may be provisionable) and/or after manual initiation by a network operator.
Column 820 includes receiver interface numbers (RXIF#s) associated with the receivers at the OLT that received configuration messages from ONUs. For each OLT transmitter, column 820 identifies a set of one or more OLT receivers that received configuration messages from the ONUs receiving downstream traffic from the particular OLT transmitter. In the illustrated embodiment, each OLT transmitter may be associated with all OLT receivers. However, in alternative embodiments, each OLT transmitter may be associated with any other suitable number of OLT receivers, including a single OLT receiver or multiple (but not all) OLT receivers. In addition, OLT transmitters may be associated with different OLT receivers than that illustrated. It should be noted that, in particular embodiments, column 820 may be populated after configuration response messages are received and tagged with the RXIF#'s of the receiver(s) receiving them. In particular embodiments, OLT transmitters and receivers may be synchronized.
Column 830 includes ONU serial numbers associated with ONUs in the HPON. As described further below, for each transmitter interface, table 800 includes in the row 870 associated with the transmitter interface the set of ONU serial numbers corresponding to the ONUs to which the transmitter interface is to send traffic in a particular wavelength. The set of ONU serial numbers may include one or more serial numbers for each transmitter interface. In table 800, each ONU serial number is further associated with a RXIF# (receiving a configuration message from the ONU), described above, and an ONU-ID, OMCC Port-ID, and particular Port-ID services, described below. In particular embodiments, entries in column 830 may be discovered using the auto-discovery scheme of
Column 840 includes ONU-ID numbers associated with ONUs in the HPON. As described above, the OLT may assign in any suitable manner particular ONU-ID numbers to those ONUs responding with their serial numbers. Thus, the OLT may associate, for example, a particular ONU-ID number with a particular ONU serial number during discovery. As with serial numbers, for each transmitter interface, table 800 includes in the row 870 associated with the transmitter interface the set of ONU-ID numbers corresponding to the ONUs to which the transmitter interface is to send traffic in a particular wavelength.
Column 850 includes OMCC Port-ID numbers associated with ONUs in the HPON. As discussed above, OMCC refers to an ONU management and control channel. In the illustrated embodiment, one such channel is set up for each ONU, and control and management messaging between the OLT and the ONU is communicated through the channel. This channel is identified using this OMCC Port-ID. Column 860 includes Port-ID services associated with particular Port-IDs. In particular embodiments, one or more services may correspond to a particular Port-ID. As examples only, these services may include voice over internet protocol (VOIP), internet protocol television (IPTV), and/or high speed internet access.
Thus, each row 870 corresponds to a particular OLT transmitter interface number and associates one or more OLT receiver interface numbers, one or more ONU serial numbers, one or more ONU-ID numbers, one or more OMCC Port-ID numbers, and one or more Port-ID services to the particular transmitter interface number. By associating sets of one or more ONUs to particular wavelengths transmitted at the OLT and to particular OLT receivers, table 700 may be used to route downstream and/or upstream traffic appropriately.
Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the example systems and methods described without departing from the scope of the invention. The components of the example methods and systems described may be integrated or separated according to particular needs. Moreover, the operations of the example methods and systems described may be performed by more, fewer, or other components.
As can be observed, in the downstream direction, wavelengths transmitted by OLT 910 (λ1-λM) are shared by particular groups of ONUs 920. For example, each ONUijk where “i” equals “a” shares downstream λ1, each ONUijk where “i” equals “b” shares downstream λ2, and each ONUijk where “i” equals “M” shares downstream λM. In the upstream direction, sets of ONUs 720 transmit upstream traffic in particular wavelengths (λ1-λN). For example, each ONUijk where “j” equals “a” transmits upstream traffic in λ1, each ONUijk where “j” equals “b” transmits upstream traffic in λ2, and each ONUijk where “j” equals “N” transmits upstream traffic in λN.
It should be noted that, although some of the downstream and upstream wavelengths are illustrated with the same designation (e.g., λ1 in the downstream and upstream directions), these may be the same or different wavelengths. Also, the number of downstream wavelengths “M” may be the same or different than the number of upstream wavelengths “N.” Further, the sets of ONUs 920 sharing downstream and upstream wavelengths in
The scheme of
An advantage of concurrent discovery is decreased time to complete ONU initialization. However, concurrent discovery may require minor modifications to the ITU-T G.984.3 protocol in particular embodiments. These modifications may include tagging particular upstream and downstream physical layer overhead messages with transmitter interface numbers. Such tagging may allow the OLT receiver to suitably identify the ONUs 920 associated with each transmitter interface transmitting at a particular downstream wavelength. By requiring minor modifications to the ITU-T G.984.3 protocol, such tagging may require modifications to OLT and/or ONU firmware and software in particular embodiments.
In particular embodiments, the physical layer overhead messages may be tagged with the transmitter interface number during discovery. For example, downstream configuration messages 912 (e.g., discovery messages such as serial number requests concurrently transmitted by the OLT's transmitter interfaces) may be tagged with a transmitter interface number (TXIF#) by OLT 910. Thus, configuration messages 912a-912M may be tagged with TXIF#1-M, respectively.
ONUs 920 may respond by reporting their serial numbers to OLT 910 in an upstream configuration message 914 (e.g., in the “SN-ONU” message) and include the received TXIF# in the upstream configuration message 914. In particular embodiments, a new PLOAM messaging structure could be defined for the OLT serial number request and for the ONU serial number response to explicitly add the TXIF#. In alternative embodiments, existing fields in the OLT serial number request and ONU serial number response could be used to transmit the TXIF#. For example, in particular embodiments, the “IDENT” attribute field in the downstream configuration message and the “IND” attribute field in the upstream configuration message may be used to carry the TXIF#. In alternative embodiments, any suitable field may be used to carry the TXIF#. To maintain backwards compatibility, these attributes may be reconfigurable to follow the ITU-T G.984.3 protocol in particular embodiments.
Particular receivers at OLT 910 may receive configuration messages 914 from particular downstream ONUs 920. OLT 910 may tag, in any suitable manner, each reporting ONU's configuration message with the OLT receiver receiving the ONU's response. OLT 910 may also assign an ONU-ID to each reporting ONU 920 in particular embodiments.
OLT 910 may maintain a reachability table that associates each ONU in the first set of ONUs illustrated as beginning with “920a” with the first downstream wavelength λ1 (or with the OLT transmitter transmitting at λ1) and with the upstream wavelength in which the ONU's configuration message 914a is transmitted (or with the OLT receiver that receives the ONU's configuration message 914a). Thus, OLT 910 associates ONU 920aN1 with downstream λ1 and upstream λN, ONU 920aa2 with downstream λ1 and upstream λ1, ONU 920ab3 with downstream λ1 and upstream λ2, and ONU 920aNn with downstream λ1 and upstream λN.
The reachability table may also associate each ONU in the second set of ONUs illustrated as beginning with “920b” with the second downstream wavelength λ2 and with the upstream wavelength in which the ONU's configuration message 914b is transmitted. Thus, OLT 910 associates 920ba1 with downstream λ2 and upstream λ1, 920bb2 with downstream λ2 and upstream λ2, 920ba3 with downstream λ2 and upstream λ1, and 920bNn with downstream λ2 and upstream λN.
The reachability table may further associate each ONU in the Mth set of ONUs illustrated as beginning with “920M” with the Mth downstream wavelength λM and with the upstream wavelength in which the ONU's configuration message 914M is transmitted. Thus, OLT 910 associates 920Ma1 with downstream λM and upstream λ1, 920Mb2 with downstream λM and upstream λ2, 920Mb3 with downstream λM and upstream λ2, and 920MNn with downstream λM and upstream λN.
Since each downstream wavelength may correspond to a particular transmitter interface and each upstream wavelength may correspond to a particular receiver interface in particular embodiments, OLT 910 may associate ONUs 920 in the reachability table with particular transmitter interfaces and receiver interfaces (e.g., through TXIF#'s and RXIF#'s). It should be noted that a similar example reachability table as table 800, described above, may be maintained by OLT 910. Thus, this reachability table will not be described again in detail.
Tagging during discovery, as described above, may associate particular sets of one or more ONUs with particular TXIF#'s and RXIF#'s. However, such tagging may require modifications to both the OLT and ONU software (and/or firmware) since the G.984.3 protocol does not prescribe such tagging. For example, the OLT may be required to tag a downstream configuration message with a TXIF#, and ONUs may be required to tag a configuration response message with the received TXIF#. As described below, if the OLT transmits the TXIF# in an unused configuration message field that the ONUs acknowledge by copying the first nine bytes of the incoming message under the G.984.3 protocol, no modifications to ONU software may be necessary (although modifications to OLT software may still be necessary). Such embodiments may provide for a more efficient simultaneous auto-discovery scheme in particular circumstances.
In particular embodiments, the transmitter interfaces at OLT 910 may perform ONU serial number discovery and ranging concurrently for all ONUs 920 without modifications to the ITU-T G.984.3 configuration messages. During discovery, OLT 910 may receive ONU serial numbers and assign ONU-IDs to these serial numbers (and not associate downstream wavelengths with ONUs 920 at this point). In particular embodiments, OLT 910 may also associate each ONU 920 with the particular OLT receiver that receives the ONU's serial number. After discovery is completed according to the G.984.3 protocol procedures, OLT 910 may associate downstream wavelengths with ONUs 920. OLT 910 may do so by including transmitter interface numbers (TXIF#'s) in particular downstream configuration messages 912 sent after discovery. In particular embodiments, each ONU 920 may include its assigned ONU-ID and a copy of the first nine bytes of the incoming configuration message (including the TXIF#) in a configuration response message (e.g., an acknowledge message). After receiving a configuration response message 914 from each ONU 920, OLT 910 may associate particular downstream wavelengths with particular ONUs 920. In particular embodiments, OLT 910 may also associate each ONU 920 with the particular OLT receiver that receives the ONU's configuration response message 914 (e.g., OLT 910 may do so when this association has not been made earlier).
As an example only, in particular embodiments, OLT 910 may tag with TXIF#'s the “Configure Port-ID” PLOAM messages used to configure OMCC after discovery. The TXIF#'s may occupy, for example, unused bits in the “Configure Port-ID” messages (as defined by the ITU-T G.984.3 protocol). After receiving a corresponding “Configure Port-ID” message, each ONU 920 may include its assigned ONU-ID and a copy of the first nine bytes of the incoming “Configure Port-ID” message in an acknowledge message. After receiving an acknowledge message from an ONU 920, OLT 910 may associate a particular downstream wavelength (corresponding to the TXIF# received and reflected by the ONU 920) with the ONU 920. OLT 910 may also associate the ONU 920 with the corresponding OLT receiver (e.g., if it has not done so already).
After receiving upstream configuration messages 914 (e.g., acknowledge messages) from all of the ONUs 920, OLT 910 may maintain a reachability table associating ONUs 920 (e.g., through ONU-IDs) with the downstream wavelength(s) (e.g., through TXIF#'s) received by the ONUs 920 and with the OLT receivers (e.g., through RXIF#'s) receiving traffic from the ONUs 920. Thus, for example, ONUs 920a may be associated in the reachability table with downstream wavelength λ1 and corresponding OLT receivers, ONUs 920b may be associated in the reachability table with downstream wavelength λ2 and corresponding OLT receivers, and ONUs 920M may be associated in the reachability table with downstream wavelength λM and corresponding OLT receivers.
It should be noted that a similar example reachability table as table 800, described above, may be maintained by OLT 910. Thus, this reachability table will not be described again in detail. It should also be noted that, since, in particular embodiments, unused bits in the “Configure Port-ID” and ONU acknowledge messages are used in the upgrade, backwards compatibility to GPON is ensured in those embodiments. In addition, no change in the physical layer overhead structure (e.g., “IDENT” and “IND”) and no firmware or software upgrade at ONUs 920 is required in particular embodiments.
It should further be noted that any suitable field in any suitable configuration message may be used to carry a wavelength identifier (e.g., a TXIF#). In addition, any suitable identifier of a downstream WDM wavelength (e.g., a TXIF#) may be used. Also, any suitable identifier of an ONU (e.g., an ONU serial number or ONU-ID) may be used. It should further be noted that, although particular embodiments are described in conjunction with an upgrade from the GPON system architecture and messaging protocol, alternative embodiments may be associated with upgrades from other PSPON systems having similar architectures and messaging protocols, such as, for example, BPON and GEPON systems.
Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the example systems and methods described without departing from the scope of the invention. The components of the example methods and systems described may be integrated or separated according to particular needs. Moreover, the operations of the example methods and systems described may be performed by more, fewer, or other components.
In topology 1000, OLT 1010 comprises a reachability table 1012, a dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) engine 1014, a switch 1016, transmitters 1021, receivers 1025, and a system port 1026. In particular embodiments, transmitters 1021 and receivers 1025 may be the same as transmitters 514 and receivers 619, respectively, described above in conjunction with
Reachability table 1012 may comprise any suitable reachability table, such as, for example, a table similar to table 800 described above in conjunction with
DBA engine 1014 may comprise any suitable component operable to generate one or more bandwidth allocation maps used to allocate time slots to ONUs 1020 for upstream transmission. DBA engine 1014 may also be operable to forward these one or more maps to corresponding transmitters 1021. In particular embodiments, DBA engine 1014 may comprise a DBA engine for each OLT receiver. In such embodiments, each of these DBA engines may receive the bandwidth requests/reports from ONUs 1020 downstream of the corresponding OLT receiver. In particular embodiments, each of these DBA engines may be independent from the other DBA engines and may use a particular algorithm for allocation of bandwidth (which may be different than the algorithms used by the other DBA engines). In particular embodiments, the bandwidth allocation maps from the DBA engines may be combined, and the combined bandwidth allocation map may be forwarded to each OLT transmitter 1021 for transmission to ONUs 1020. In alternative embodiments, the bandwidth allocation maps from the DBA engines may be organized (using, for example the associations in table 1012) such that each OLT transmitter 1021 transmits only the bandwidth allocation map that corresponds to the ONUs 1020 downstream of that transmitter. In yet alternative embodiments, DBA engine 1014 may comprise a single DBA engine that receives the bandwidth requests/reports from all ONUs 1020, uses a particular algorithm for allocation of bandwidth, and forwards the resulting bandwidth allocation map to all OLT transmitters 1021 or a particular bandwidth allocation map (corresponding to an OLT transmitter's downstream ONUs 1020 and generated using table 1012) to each OLT transmitter 1021. The physical layer overhead structure includes the configuration message and the bandwidth allocation map.
It should be noted that, in particular embodiments, reachability table 1012 may also be used for fault localization. For example, in particular embodiments, particular ONUs 1020 (e.g., all of the ONUs beginning with “1020a”) may send downstream signal failure indications to OLT 1010. OLT 1010 may use reachability table 1012 to determine, for example, that the signal failure indications are all being sent from the ONUs beginning with “1020a” that are connected to a particular OLT transmitter 1021a. Using reachability table 1012, OLT 1010 may thus determine that the potential fault location is the connection between the RN multiplexer and the ONUs beginning with “1020a.”
Switch 1016 may comprise any suitable component operable to route incoming network traffic in the downstream direction to an appropriate OLT transmitter 1021 (and ultimately to an appropriate ONU 1020). Switch 1016 may route downstream traffic to an appropriate OLT transmitter 1021 based on the traffic identifiers (e.g., virtual local area network (VLAN) or Ethernet Media Access Control (MAC) address) and based on the ONU-ID—TXIF associations in reachability table 1012. For example, after receiving downstream traffic from system port 1026, switch 1016 may use the associated traffic identifiers to determine the ONU 1020 to which the traffic is to be communicated. Based on reachability table 1012, switch 1016 may forward the traffic to the OLT transmitter 1021 corresponding to the ONU 1020. In the upstream direction, switch 1016 may combine the traffic from each OLT receiver 1025 in particular embodiments and forward the traffic to system port 1026 for communication over the network. Optionally, upstream bursts may be switched to corresponding system ports (not illustrated) based on ONU-ID, if multiple ports to the Ethernet switch are used.
In operation of HPON 1000, reachability table 1012 may be built and maintained during an initialization phase as described above in conjunction with any of
In the upstream direction, ONUs 1020 transmit traffic in corresponding wavelengths λ1-λN according to the bandwidth allocation map(s) generated by DBA engine 914 (which may comprise one or more DBA engines). These map(s) may be generated using table 1012 in particular embodiments and without using table 1012 in alternative embodiments. Upstream bursts received at receivers 1025 are communicated to switch 1016. In particular embodiments, switch 1016 forwards these upstream bursts to the network through system port 1026. In alternative embodiments, switch 1016 forwards these upstream bursts to the network through corresponding system ports (not illustrated).
Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the example systems and methods described without departing from the scope of the invention. The components of the example methods and systems described may be integrated or separated according to particular needs. Moreover, the operations of the example methods and systems described may be performed by more, fewer, or other components.
Although the present invention has been described with several embodiments, various changes and modifications may be suggested to one skilled in the art. It is intended that the present invention encompass such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.
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