Patent Grant
8112487
The subject matter described herein generally relates to message filtering for collaborative messaging and in particular, to message filtering in collaborative messaging based upon message information from senders and obtained message information.
As is known in the art, so-called “chat” or “instant messaging” services enable users to compose and send messages to other users as well as receive messages from the other users. As is also known in the art, many of these services allow rule-based message processing to enhance messaging functionality. For example, chat services may perform text-based message processing to highlight key words in a conversion. Still further, users may add icons to messages, for example, emotions to indicate expressions, and include abbreviated expressions, for example “LOL” for laugh-out-loud.
In accordance with the systems, techniques, and concepts described herein, a collaborative messaging system includes a communications engine, including a plurality of message interrogators to process a message from a sender to a receiver. The plurality of message interrogators includes a message adjudicator configured to process message information and a message validator configured to allow or deny the message based upon the processed message information.
In further embodiments, the system includes one or more of the following features: based upon a comparison of the message information, the message adjudicator is further configured to modify at least a portion of the message information to a more restrictive value; based upon a comparison of the message information, the message adjudicator is further configured to modify at least a portion of the message information to a less restrictive value; the message adjudicator is further configured to define receiver classification message information to indicate a classification level of the message receiver; the message adjudicator is further configured to define sender classification message information to indicate a classification level of the message sender; the message adjudicator is further configured to define content classification message information to indicate a classification level of the message content; the message adjudicator is further configured to filter the content of the message based upon the processed message information; the message adjudicator is further configured to remove at least a portion of the content of the message; at least a portion of removed content is classified material; at least a portion of removed content is offensive material; at least a portion of the message information includes receiver classification information to indicate a classification level of the receiver, wherein the message validator is further configured to allow or deny the message based upon the receiver classification information; at least a portion of the message information includes content classification information to indicate a classification level of the message content, wherein the message validator is further configured to allow or deny the message based upon the content classification information, and; a portion of the message information includes receiver classification information to indicate a classification level of the receiver, and another portion of the message information includes content classification information to indicate a classification level of the message content, wherein the message validator is further configured to allow or deny the message based upon a comparison of the receiver classification information to the content classification information.
In another aspect, a collaborative messaging system includes a communications engine, including a plurality of message interrogators to process a message from a sender to a receiver. The plurality of message interrogators includes a message adjudicator configured to compare message information from the sender with message information obtained by the message adjudicator and to modify the message information from the sender to a more restrictive value, and a message validator configured to allow or deny the message based upon the modified message information.
In further embodiments, the system includes one or more of the following features: the message adjudicator is further configured to obtain message receiver information and the message validator is further configured to allow or deny the message based upon the obtained message receiver information, and; the message adjudicator is further configured to filter the message content based upon the modified message information.
In a further aspect, a collaborative messaging system includes a communications engine including a plurality of message interrogators to process a message from a sender to a receiver. The message includes message sender information and message content information. The plurality of message interrogators includes a message adjudicator configured to compare message information from the sender with message information obtained by the message adjudicator, the obtained message information comprising message sender information, message receiver information, and message content information, modify the message information from the sender to a more restrictive of the message sender information from the sender and the obtained message sender information and the message content information from the sender and the obtained message content information, and filter the message content based upon the modified message information and the obtained receiver information. The plurality of message interrogators includes a message validator configured to allow or deny the message based upon the modified message information and the obtained message receiver information.
In further embodiments, the system includes one or more of the following features: the message adjudicator filters the message content by removing classified material from the message content, and; the message adjudicator filters the message content by removing offensive material from the message content.
In another aspect, a collaborative messaging method includes, in a communications engine, processing a message from a sender to a receiver, the message comprising message sender information, message content, and message content information. Processing the message includes comparing message information from the sender with obtained message information, the obtained message information comprising obtained message sender information, obtained message receiver information, and obtained message content information, modifying the message information from the sender to a more restrictive value of the message sender information from the sender and the obtained message sender information, and the message content information from the sender and the obtained message content information, filtering the message content based upon the modified message information and the obtained message receiver information, and allowing or denying the message based upon the modified message information and the obtained message receiver information.
In further embodiments, the method includes one or more of the following features: modifying the message information from the sender to a less restrictive value of the message sender information from the sender and the obtained message sender information, and the message content information from the sender and the obtained message content information; the message sender information further comprises message sender classification information and the obtained message information further comprises obtained sender classification information, and further including modifying the message information to a more restrictive value of the message sender classification information and the obtained sender classification information; the message content information further includes message content classification information and the obtained message information further comprises obtained content classification information, and further including modifying the message information to a more restrictive value of the message content classification information and the obtained content classification information; the message information further includes message receiver classification information and the obtained message information further includes obtained receiver classification information, and further including modifying the message information to a more restrictive value of the message receiver classification information and the obtained receiver classification information; the message sender information further includes message sender classification information and the obtained message information further includes obtained sender classification information, and modifying the message information further includes modifying the message sender information to a more restrictive value of the message sender classification information and the obtained sender classification information; filtering the message content further includes removing classified material from the message content, and; filtering the message content further includes removing offensive material from the message content.
Conventional chat services provide rule-based processing and other message enhancement features. However, such features are limited during emergency and/or military situations in which events rapidly unfold in unpredictable ways. For example, rule-based processing may not be able to adjust to changing or unknown environmental factors or accommodate the dynamic needs or desires of persons involved in an incident, such as joint responders, victims, eye-witnesses, etc. Therefore, although chat services offer useful and convenient messaging features, they are unable to accommodate more dynamic environments during which people must collaborate and share information with each other to mitigate the consequences of an event. This may result in inefficiencies, misinformation, poor planning, and/or inadequate problem resolution. Worse yet, lives and property may be at stake, as people fail to mitigate the consequences of an event.
The inventive concepts described herein enable message filtering based on message sender, receiver, and/or message content information. Such information may be provided by users who collaborate and share information with other users. In one embodiment, the information is pre-configured, such as by administrators with special access privileges. In the same or different embodiment, the information is automatically generated.
In one embodiment, a message adjudicator processes the message information and content, including comparing, modifying, and filtering the information and content based on obtained information from other sources. Still further, a message validator allows or denies messages, which may be based on the processed message information, such as the result of a classification service. Other message interrogators can perform other functions to support collaboration and sharing of information, such as message archiving and/or message event handling.
Advantageously, the inventive concepts provide advanced message filtering to meet the demands of dynamic environments. Persons who work together to mitigate the consequences of an event (e.g. a natural disaster, terrorist event, etc.) and/or accomplish a task-at-hand (e.g. military operations, business processes, organizational functions, etc.) can use the inventive concepts to process, modify, and/or validate messages based on dynamic information, as may be supplied by message senders and/or message receivers, pre-configured, automatically-generated, and obtained from other sources of a collaborative and information sharing environment.
The foregoing features of this invention, as well as the invention itself, may be more fully understood from the following description of the drawings in which:
Referring to
In another embodiment, network 113 is different than network 111. For example, network 111 may be an organization's intranet for receiving the message 105 from the sender 101 who is an authorized member of the organization. The communications engine 102 processes the message 105 and sends the processed message 107 to the receiver 103 over network 113, which is a public network, such as the Internet.
The message 105 includes message information 110 including message sender information 112 and/or message content information 114. In a further embodiment, the message information 110 includes message receiver information 116. The message 105 also includes message content 118. In one embodiment, the message content 118 is text-based 119. In the same or different embodiment, the message content 118 is video-based and/or audio-based and/or a combination thereof.
In one embodiment, the sender 101 inputs at least a portion of the message 105 using a client device including, but not limited to, a mobile device (or other handheld device), a laptop computer, or a desktop computer. The sender 101 may use a user interface enabled on the client device to input the message content 118 and/or message information 110. In one exemplary application, the user interface is implemented in a windowing system supported by an operating system such as Microsoft Windows™ manufactured by Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash.
For example, the sender 101 may use one or more user interface text input boxes and/or item selection lists and input hardware such as a mouse, keyboard, tablet, pointer, etc., to compose and review a text message (i.e. message content 118) and message information 110, such as a classification level of the sender 101 and/or a classification level of the message content 118 and/or a classification level of the receiver 103. Generally, classification level of a person (i.e. a sender 101 and/or a receiver 103) refers to that person's privileges to view and access information. With regard to content, classification level refers to the required classification of a person to view and access the content. It should be noted that the message information 110 is not limited classification levels, but includes other kinds of message information 110, such as message priority level, message reliability, descriptive information related to objects at the scene of an incident, such as automobile in a multi-vehicle crash, etc.
The sender 101 may use a user interface submit button to send the message 105 to the communications engine 102. Alternatively, or in a addition to the submit button, the sender 101 may use a hardware button on the client device to send the message 105, such as a toggle button or wheel button on a side of the client device. It should be also noted that the message content 118 and message information 110 may inputted in other ways, such as using a keypad on a telephonic device, an audio/video recorder, a camera, or a combination thereof.
Applications using the inventive concepts will now be described in more detail. In one example law enforcement application, the sender 101, who is a law enforcement official, uses the collaborative messaging system 100 to send text-messages related to a hit-and-run accident involving a hit-and-run vehicle and an injured party. The sender 101 composes a first text message including message content 118 related to the accident. A first eye witness informs the law enforcement official that the hit-and-run vehicle was a white Cadillac and the law enforcement official adds this information to the first message. However, because the first eye witness only had a glimpse of the vehicle, the law enforcement official adds message reliability information to the first message to indicate that the reported hit-and-run vehicle make and color are unreliable. The law enforcement official sends the first message to the receiver 103 who is a dispatcher.
A second eye witness who had a more extensive look at the hit-and-run vehicle informs the law enforcement official that the vehicle was light blue and had an unpainted left-rear door. The law enforcement official composes a second message with the updated information and indicates that the message information is highly reliable, and sends the second message.
In the same or different embodiment, the message information 110 is preconfigured and/or automatically generated. For example, in one embodiment, an administrator of the collaborative message system 100 pre-configures message information 110 on the client device prior to use. For example, the administrator may pre-configure message information 110 to indicate the trustworthiness of the sender 101. For example, in one application, the sender 101 is a private party volunteer enlisted to assist in military operations (e.g., a local resident enlisted to provide information on enemy troop sightings, targets, etc.).
Here, before providing the client device to the private party volunteer for use with the collaborative messaging system, the administrator pre-configures the trustworthiness information on the client device to a low value to indicate that messages sent on the client device are not very trustworthy. When the private party volunteer 101 sends a message 105 on the client device, the trustworthiness information is automatically sent with the message 105. For example, the trustworthiness information may be stored in a memory on the client device and automatically loaded and appended to the message 105. In one embodiment, at least a portion of the message information 110, such as the trustworthiness information, is saved in a protected memory inaccessible to the sender 101. Still further, the trustworthiness information may be re-configured to a higher value, for example, when the private party volunteer proves to be trustworthy over time.
In still another embodiment, the message information 110 is automatically generated. For example, the client device may incorporate a geographic positioning chip that automatically generates the sender's geographic position and appends it to the message 105.
Referring again to
Referring again to
In some instances, the threat levels may not match. For example, the threat level from the sender 101 may be higher than the obtained treat level, as may be the case when the sender 101 mischaracterizes the threat level due to out-dated information. Here, the message adjudicator 104a modifies the threat level to the obtained threat level. In the same or different embodiment, the sender 101 is a joint commander with the authority to change the threat level (e.g. the joint commander may raise or lower the threat level due to the joint commander's observations in the field). In such an instance, the message adjudicator 104a does not modify the threat level; rather, the message adjudicator 104a updates the external system with the joint commander's indicated threat level.
Referring now to
In another example application, the message adjudicator 104a obtains classification levels related to the sender 101 from the classification services 172. The classification services 172 may execute on servers within protected military networks. Advantageously, the protected classification services 172 provide security, centralized control, and transparency to the collaborative message system 100.
In a further embodiment, the message adjudicator 104a filters the message content 118 based upon the modified message information (146). In one embodiment, the message adjudicator 104a filters classified information from the message content 105. For example, based upon an obtained classification level of the receiver 103 (e.g., as obtained from the classification services 172), the message adjudicator 104a filters message content 105 before the communications engine 102 sends it to the receiver 103. For example, the message adjudicator 104a may remove classified names and/or classified meeting locations from the message content 105 before sending it to the receiver 103.
In still another embodiment, the message adjudicator 104a filters message content 105 considered too sensitive for the receiver 103. For example, the message adjudicator 104a may implement age-based filtering by removing or blocking out message content 105 considered inappropriate for receiver 103. For example, the message adjudicator 104a may remove foul language, sexually-explicit language, violent language, etc. from message content 118 before sending it to a thirteen year old receiver.
The message adjudicator 104a sends a modified message 107 to receiver 103 or forwards the modified message 107 to one or more other message interrogators 104, such as the message validator 104b (148). Referring now to
It should be noted that the communications engine 102 may include other message interrogators. As a non-limiting example, another one of the plurality of message interrogators 104 includes a message archiver that archives messages 105 related to an incident, such as the release of a bio-agent. Here, the message archiver collects messages 105 and stores them along with date/time. This may be used to “playback” messages related to an event for training purposes and/or to derive/modify procedures for mitigating the consequences of the event.
Referring now to
The XMPP server 222 may be extended, for example, by using an XMPP application programming interface (API) 224, which includes capabilities to add functionality to core XMPP services. The XMPP server 222 further communicates with external clients 225 including commercial off-the-shelf components such as Pidgin, a multi-platform IM client. Further, the XMPP Server 222 may access a lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) (not shown) for querying and modifying directory services.
The collaborative message server 200a includes a collaborative messaging system, as may be like the collaborative messaging system 100 described in conjunction with
In one application of the exemplary environment 220, domain application clients 201a use the collaborative messaging API 200b to customize the collaborative messaging server 200a to add descriptive information to message information, as may be similar to message information 110 described in conjunction with
The collaborative messaging server 200a uses external services 227 to render a broad array of functionality. For example, in one embodiment, the collaborative messaging server 200a uses classifications services 227a to obtain classification level information pertaining to message content, as well as senders and receivers. Such information may be used to filter at least a portion of the messages, for example, by removing classified materials and/or sensitive materials within the message content.
In the same or different embodiment, the collaborative messaging server 200a uses a geocoding engine 227b to obtain geospatial information, such as a sender's and/or a receiver's position. Such information may be used to filter the message, for example, by comparing the sender's inputted location to the sender's location obtained from the geocoding engine. In one example application, the collaborative message server 200a modifies the inputted sender location with the obtained sender location, as may be useful when the sender input's inaccurate location information, for example, because the sender is lost or in unfamiliar surroundings.
The collaborative messaging server 200a uses adjudication services 227c to process message content and message information. For example, the adjudication services 227c may update message information entered by a sender with more restrictive values.
It will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the collaborative messaging server 200a and collaborative message API 200b can function across multiple servers, such as a plurality of XMPP servers 222.
Referring now to
In one embodiment, the message sender information 312 includes a message sender identifier 312a, a message sender role 312b, and/or a message sender classification level 312c. The message sender identifier 312a is a unique identifier for the sender. For illustrative purposes only, the message sender identifier 312a in
The message sender role 312b identifies the role of the sender, for example, a first responder of an incident, a member of a medical team caring for victims of an accident, a law enforcement officer, a joint commander in the field, etc. For illustrative purposes only, the message sender role 312b in
The message sender classification level 312c identifies the classification level of the sender. In one embodiment, the collaborative message system includes three classification levels: high; medium; and low. For illustrative purposes only and according to this embodiment, the message sender classification level 312c in
The collaborative messaging system uses the classification levels to modify message content 318 and/or message information 310 and/or allow or deny messages 305 to message receivers which may or may not be viewable by the message receivers without the proper classification level. For example, the message sender may have a high classification level. The message sender may send a message 305 to a receiver with a low classification level. Here, the communications engine (i.e., one of the included message interrogators such as the message validator 104b described in conjunction with
In one embodiment, the message content information 314 includes keywords 314a and/or a content classification level 314b. The keywords 314b identify important concepts and references within the message content 318, such as topics of communications, names of persons, locations, hazardous materials, etc. For illustrative purposes only, the keywords 314b in
The keywords 314b may be used to modify message information 310. For example, the communications engine may include a message interrogator that searches for names of persons in a criminal database. If a person is found in the criminal database, the message interrogator may add information related to the person to the message information 310. This may assist message receivers, for example, by helping receivers to positively identify and apprehend the person during street patrols.
The content classification level 314c identifies the classification level of a message 305. For illustrative purposes only, the content classification level in
The communications engine uses the content classification level 314b to determine whether the message 305 should be sent to the message receiver. For example, one of the message interrogators, such as the message validator 104b described in conjunction with
In a further embodiment, the message receiver information 316 includes information related to one or more receivers 303 of the message 305. For example, message receiver information 316 related to a first receiver 303a, hereinafter referred to as RECEIVER 1, includes a message receiver identifier, a message receiver role, and/or a message receiver classification level. The message receiver information may further include information related to a second receiver 303b, hereinafter referred to as RECEIVER 2, and a third receiver 303c, hereinafter referred to as RECEIVER 3.
In one embodiment, the message receiver identifiers are unique identifiers for each of the receivers. For illustrative purposes only, the message receiver identifiers in
The message receiver roles identify the role of each of the message receivers. For illustrative purposes only, the message receiver roles in
In one embodiment, the message receiver classification levels are classification levels for each of the receivers. For illustrative purposes only, the message receiver classification levels in
In one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the sender inputs the message information 310 using, for example, a user interface and/or a client device button, as may be similar to those described above with reference to
Referring now to
The method 400 further includes, in another one 404b of the plurality of message interrogators 404, allowing or denying the message 405 (step 440) including processing the modified message information 410′ (step 442), allowing or denying the message 405 (step 444) based upon modified message information 410′, and optionally, continuing to a next message interrogator 404 (step 446). If no other message interrogator 404 exists, then the method 400 may include sending the message 405 to the receiver 403.
Outside of the communications engine 402, the sender 401 may compose the message 405 on a client device using a user interface, as may be similar to the user interface described in conjunction with
In one embodiment, obtaining message information (step 432) includes receiving message information from external services 470, as may include classification services 471 and/or adjudication services 472 and as may be similar to classification services and adjudication services described in conjunction with
In another embodiment, comparing the message information (step 434) includes comparing message sender information with obtained sender information and/or comparing message content information with obtained content information and/or comparing message receiver information with obtained receiver information. For example, such comparisons may be used in step 436 to modify message information to more and/or less restrictive values. In one example, a message sender classification level is compared with an obtained sender classification level, and the message information is modified (step 436) to the more restrictive (i.e. the higher classification level) of the two values. This may useful to rectify any errors in the sender's 401 input of classification levels. For example, the sender 401 may incorrectly input a content classification level of “low.” After receiving the obtained content classification level of “high” from the classification services 471, the message content classification level may be modified from low to high. The classification services may determine the correct content classification level by receiving at least a portion of the message content 418 from the communications engine (according to a further embodiment of the method 400) and reviewing the message content 418 according to various search parameters to flag any classified material, such as designated targets, friendly troop positions, platoon advancement plans, etc.
In another example, the obtained receiver classification level is lower than the message receiver classification level sent by the sender 401. In such an instance, the message receiver classification level may be lowered. As with the content classification example above, this may be useful to rectify any errors in the sender's inputted message receiver classification level. Still further, the sender 401 may not have supplied any message receiver classification level, in which case the communications engine uses the obtained receive classification level from the classification services 471 to set the receiver classification level. This reduces the burden on the sender 401 by eliminating the need for the sender 401 to remember and input the receiver's classification level. It also provides more secure control over classification levels and prevents any attempts to supply classified information to receivers who should not receive it, for example, because their clearance is too low.
In a further embodiment, filtering the message content (step 438) includes modifying at least a portion of the message content 418 based upon the modified message information 410′. For example, the message content 418 may include descriptive information related to an automobile driven by a suspect in a crime. The message information 410 may include reliability information sent along with the descriptive information. The reliability information may be low, because of the low credibility of an eye-witness supplying the descriptive information (as assessed by the sender 401 who is a police detective). Because of the low reliability of the descriptive information, the message content 418 may be modified to include inputted descriptive information from prior more reliable eye-witness reports, as well as more accurate automobile information from an automobile database, such as corrected year of manufacture based upon the make and model of the automobile.
In another example, the message content 418 is filtered by removing at least a portion of the message content 418. For example, message content 418 may include “A”, “B”, and “C.” The obtained message information indicates that “C” is highly classified, and “C” is removed from the message content 418.
It should be noted that the method 400 may perform steps 432, 434, 436, 438 in an order other than those described or implied above. For example, message information may be obtained after message information is compared, since such the comparison may determine which information should be obtained. Still further, any one of the steps may be repeated, for example, message information may be compared in step 434, modified in step 435, and compared again in step 434.
In one embodiment, allowing or denying the message 405 (step 440) includes processing modified message information 410′ to determine whether the message 405 should be allowed or denied (i.e. sent or not sent to the receiver 403). For example, the message content classification level may be compared with the message receiver classification level to determine whether the receiver 403 has the appropriate clearance to receive the message 405. TABLE 1 illustrates a set of possible classification level combinations and the outcome.
In still a further embodiment, if the outcome is to allow the message 405, the message 405 is sent to the receiver 403 (step 456). In yet another embodiment, if the outcome is to deny the message 405, an error message 454 is produced. For example, in one embodiment, the sender 401 receives an error message 454 that the message 405 was not sent. Such an error message may include an explanation of why the message 405 was not sent, as may be produced by another one of the message interrogators 404.
In still a further embodiment, the receiver 403 receives a message that the sender 401 attempted to send a message, but that it did not go through. In response, the receiver 403 (now acting as a sender 401) may attempt to contact the sender 401 (now acting as a receiver 403), for example, by composing another message and sending it to the sender 401 using the communications engine 402.
Computer 2100 includes a system memory 2104 which is connected to the processor 2102 by a system data/address bus 2110. System memory 2104 includes a read-only memory (ROM) 2106 and random access memory (RAM) 2108. The ROM 2106 represents any device that is primarily read-only including electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, etc. RAM 2108 represents any random access memory such as Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM). The Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) 2148 for the computer 2100 is stored in ROM 2106 and loaded into RAM 2108 upon booting.
Within the computer 2100, input/output (I/O) bus 2112 is connected to the data/address bus 2110 via a bus controller 2114. In one embodiment, the I/O bus 2112 is implemented as a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus. The bus controller 2114 examines all signals from the processor 2102 to route signals to the appropriate bus. Signals between processor 2102 and the system memory 2104 are passed through the bus controller 2114. However, signals from the processor 2102 intended for devices other than system memory 2104 are routed to the I/O bus 2112.
Various devices are connected to the I/O bus 2112 including internal hard drive 2116 and removable storage drive 2118 such as a CD-ROM drive used to read a compact disk 2119 or a floppy drive used to read a floppy disk. The internal hard drive 2116 is used to store data, such as in files 2122 and database 2124. Database 2124 includes a structured collection of data, such as a relational database. A display 2120, such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid-crystal display (LCD), etc. is connected to the I/O bus 2112 via a video adapter 2126.
A user enters commands and information into the computer 2100 by using input devices 2128, such as a keyboard and a mouse, which are connected to I/O bus 2112 via I/O ports 2129. Other types of pointing devices that may be used include track balls, joy sticks, and tracking devices suitable for positioning a cursor on a display screen of the display 2120.
Computer 2100 may include a network interface 2134 to connect to a remote computer 2130, an intranet, or the Internet via network 2132. The network 2132 may be a local area network or any other suitable communications network.
Computer-readable modules and applications 2140 and other data are typically stored on memory storage devices, which may include the internal hard drive 2116 or the compact disk 2119, and are copied to the RAM 2108 from the memory storage devices. In one embodiment, computer-readable modules and applications 2140 are stored in ROM 2106 and copied to RAM 2108 for execution, or are directly executed from ROM 2106. In still another embodiment, the computer-readable modules and applications 2140 are stored on external storage devices, for example, a hard drive of an external server computer, and delivered electronically from the external storage devices via network 2132.
The computer-readable modules 2140 may include compiled instructions for implementing the collaborative messaging systems and methods described herein. In a further embodiment, the computer 2100 may execute various components of a communications engine as may be similar to that described in conjunction with
Furthermore, collaborative messaging system data may be saved in internal hard drive storage 2116, read-in from removable drive 2118, or received via the network 2132 from remote computer 2130, and loaded into RAM 2108. For example, message sender information and/or obtained message information may be loaded into RAM 2108. The data may be stored in a database format to execute in a database application or in a file format, which can include, but is not limited to, a comma-delimited text file.
In a further embodiment, the first and second processors may be respective processors of a dual-core processor. Alternatively, the first and second processor may respective first and second computing devices. Output of the first and/or second processors may be rendered on display 2120.
The computer 2100 may execute a database application 2142, such as Oracle™ database from Oracle Corporation, to model, organize, and query data stored in database 2124. The data may be used by the computer-readable modules and applications 2140 and/or passed over the network 2132 to the remote computer 2130 and other systems.
In general, the operating system 2144 executes computer-readable modules and applications 2140 and carries out instructions issued by the user. For example, when the user wants to execute a computer-readable module 2140, the operating system 2144 interprets the instruction and causes the processor 2102 to load the computer-readable module 2140 into RAM 2108 from memory storage devices. Once the computer-readable module 2140 is loaded into RAM 2108, the processor 2102 can use the computer-readable module 2140 to carry out various instructions. The processor 2102 may also load portions of computer-readable modules and applications 2140 into RAM 2108 as needed. The operating system 2144 uses device drivers 2146 to interface with various devices, including memory storage devices, such as hard drive 2116 and removable storage drive 2118, network interface 2134, I/O ports 2129, video adapter 2126, and printers.
Having described exemplary embodiments of the invention, it will now become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that other embodiments incorporating their concepts may also be used. The embodiments contained herein should not be limited to disclosed embodiments but rather should be limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims. All publications and references cited herein are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/128,321 filed May 20, 2008 under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) which application is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5086394 | Shapira | Feb 1992 | A |
| 5619648 | Canale et al. | Apr 1997 | A |
| 5704017 | Heckerman et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
| 6073142 | Geiger et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6101531 | Eggleston et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6157915 | Bhaskaran et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6330610 | Docter et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6336134 | Varma | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6643705 | Wallace et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
| 6778941 | Worrell et al. | Aug 2004 | B1 |
| 6804336 | Chiu | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6829613 | Liddy | Dec 2004 | B1 |
| 6832245 | Isaacs et al. | Dec 2004 | B1 |
| 6886169 | Wei | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6968179 | De Vries | Nov 2005 | B1 |
| 7152111 | Allred et al. | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| 7185057 | Brown et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
| 7200638 | Lake | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| 7249162 | Rounthwaite et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7299264 | Yang-Huffman | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| 7343564 | Othmer | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7363319 | Cappellini | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7369505 | Mengerink | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7370283 | Othmer | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7383307 | Kirkland et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
| 7430724 | Othmer | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7437408 | Schwartz et al. | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7441203 | Othmer et al. | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7511634 | Stehle et al. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7512569 | Isaacs | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7523137 | Kass et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7523226 | Anderson et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7526573 | Busey | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7574170 | Jendbro | Aug 2009 | B2 |
| 7574479 | Morris et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
| 7581166 | Renger et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
| 7590691 | Gonsalves et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7603437 | Busey | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7680890 | Lin | Mar 2010 | B1 |
| 20010046069 | Jones | Nov 2001 | A1 |
| 20020083127 | Agrawal | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20040136513 | Chiu | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20050055403 | Brittan | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050193062 | Komine et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050234928 | Shkvarchuk | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050250552 | Eagle et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20050267844 | Gallant et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050267974 | Panasyuk et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20060036695 | Roinik | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060073812 | Punaganti Venkata et al. | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060133385 | Trossen et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060173985 | Moore | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060230021 | Diab et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
| 20060259474 | Granito | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060265489 | Moore | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20070043617 | Stein et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070083536 | Darnell et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070083894 | Gonsalves et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070100836 | Eichstaedt et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070100959 | Eichstaedt et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070100960 | Eichstaedt et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070013158 | LaBiche et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070130158 | LaBiche et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070162432 | Armstrong et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070162560 | Jin | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070168461 | Moore | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070174389 | Armstrong et al. | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070203977 | Wu et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070225047 | Bakos | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20080010353 | Rounthwaite et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080046369 | Wood | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080059964 | Khodabakchian et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080104226 | Seshasai | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080104520 | Swenson et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080126476 | Nicholas et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080208972 | Chou et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20090061925 | Finkelstein et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090070419 | Gilfix et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20090089380 | Wang et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090172773 | Moore | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090248729 | Bruno, Jr. et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1 193 925 | Apr 2002 | EP |
| 1 193 925 | Apr 2002 | EP |
| 1 883 019 | Jan 2008 | EP |
| 2 313 524 | Nov 1997 | GB |
| WO 0198856 | Dec 2001 | WO |
| WO 0198856 | Dec 2001 | WO |
| WO 2004031976 | Apr 2004 | WO |
| WO 2005083934 | Sep 2005 | WO |
| WO 2005125070 | Dec 2005 | WO |
| WO 2005125070 | Dec 2005 | WO |
| WO 2006088952 | Aug 2006 | WO |
| WO 2006088952 | Aug 2006 | WO |
| WO 2007147207 | Dec 2007 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20090292784 A1 | Nov 2009 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61128321 | May 2008 | US |
