Patent Application
20080109218
The present invention relates generally to speech processing. More particularly, the present invention relates to speech processing applications such as speech coding, voice conversion and text-to-speech synthesis.
This section is intended to provide a background or context to the invention that is recited in the claims. The description herein may include concepts that could be pursued, but are not necessarily ones that have been previously conceived or pursued. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated herein, what is described in this section is not prior art to the description and claims in this application and is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
Many speech models rely on a linear prediction (LP)-based approach, in which the vocal tract is modeled using the LP coefficients. The excitation signal, i.e. the LP residual, is then modeled using further techniques. Several conventional techniques are as follows. First, the excitation can be modeled either as periodic pulses (during voiced speech) or as noise (during unvoiced speech). However, the achievable quality is limited because of the hard voiced/unvoiced decision. Second, the excitation can be modeled using an excitation spectrum that is considered to be voiced below a time-variant cut-off frequency and unvoiced above the frequency. This split-band approach can perform satisfactorily on many portions of speech signals, but problems can still arise, especially with the spectra of mixed sounds and noisy speech. Third, a multiband excitation (MBE) model can be used. In this model, the spectrum can comprise several voiced and unvoiced bands (up to the number of harmonics). A separate voiced/unvoiced decision is performed for every band. The performance of the MBE model, although reasonably acceptable in some situations, still possesses limited quality with regard to the hard voiced/unvoiced decisions for the bands. Fourth, in waveform interpolation (WI) speech coding, the excitation is modeled as a slowly evolving waveform (SEW) and a rapidly evolving waveform (REW). The SEW corresponds to the voiced contribution, and the REW represents the unvoiced contribution. Unfortunately, this model suffers from large complexity and from the fact that it is not always possible to obtain perfect separation into a SEW and a REW.
It would therefore be desirable to provide an improved system and method for modeling speech spectra that addresses many of the above-identified issues.
Various embodiments of the present invention provide a system and method for modeling speech in such a way that both voiced and unvoiced contributions can co-exist at certain frequencies. To keep the complexity at a moderate level, three sets of spectral bands (or bands of up to three different types) are used. In one particular implementation, the lowest band or group of bands is completely voiced, the middle band or group of bands contains both voiced and unvoiced contributions, and the highest band or group of bands is completely unvoiced. This implementation provides for high modeling accuracy in places where it is needed, but simpler cases are also supported with a low computational load. The embodiments of the present invention may be used for speech coding and other speech processing applications, such as text-to-speech synthesis and voice conversion.
The various embodiments of the present invention provide for a high degree of accuracy in speech modeling, particularly in the case of weakly voiced speech, while at the same time enduring only a moderate computational load. The various embodiments also provide for an improved trade-off between accuracy and complexity relative to conventional arrangements.
These and other advantages and features of the invention, together with the organization and manner of operation thereof, will become apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like elements have like numerals throughout the several drawings described below.
Various embodiments of the present invention provide a system and method for modeling speech in such a way that both voiced and unvoiced contributions can co-exist at certain frequencies. To keep the complexity at a moderate level, three sets of spectral bands (or bands of up to three different types) are used. In one particular implementation, the lowest band or group of bands is completely voiced, the middle band or group of bands contains both voiced and unvoiced contributions, and the highest band or group of bands is completely unvoiced. This implementation provides for high modeling accuracy in places where it is needed, but simpler cases are also supported with a low computational load. The embodiments of the present invention may be used for speech coding and other speech processing applications, such as text-to-speech synthesis and voice conversion.
The various embodiments of the present invention provide for a high degree of accuracy in speech modeling, particularly in the case of weakly voiced speech, while at the same time enduring only a moderate computational load. The various embodiments also provide for an improved trade-off between accuracy and complexity relative to conventional arrangements.
At 130, the voiced band is designated. This can be accomplished by start from the low frequency end of the spectrum, and going through the voicing values for the harmonic frequencies until the voicing likelihood drops below a pre-specified threshold (e.g., 0.9). The width of the voiced band can even be 0, or the voiced band can cover the whole spectrum if necessary. At 140, the unvoiced band is designated. This can be accomplished by starting from the high frequency end of the spectrum, and going through the voicing values for the harmonic frequencies until the voicing likelihood is above a pre-specified threshold (e.g., 0.1). Like for the voiced band, the width of the unvoiced band can be 0, or the band can also cover the whole spectrum if necessary. It should be noted that, for both the voiced band and the unvoiced band, a variety of scales and/or ranges can be used, and individual “voiced values” and “unvoiced values” could be located in many portions of the spectrum as necessary or desired. At 150, the spectrum area between the voiced band and the unvoiced band is designated as a mixed band. As is the case for the voiced band and the unvoiced band, the width of the mixed band can range from 0 to covering the entire spectrum. The mixed band may also be defined in other ways as necessary or desired.
At 160, a “voicing shape” is created for the mixed band. One option for performing this action involves using the voicing likelihoods as such. For example, if the bins used in voicing estimation are wider than one harmonic interval, then the shape can be refined using interpolation either at this point or at 180 as explained below. The voicing shape can be further processed or simplified in the case of speech coding to allow for efficient compression of the information. In a simple case, a linear model within the band can be used.
At 170, the parameters of the obtained model (in the case of speech coding) are stored or, e.g., in the case of voice conversion, are conveyed for further processing or for speech synthesis. At 180, the magnitudes and phases of the spectrum based on the model parameters are reconstructed. In the voiced band, the phase can be assumed to evolve linearly. In the unvoiced band, the phase can be randomized. In the mixed band, the two contributions can be either combined to achieve the combined magnitude and phase values or represented using two separate values (depending on the synthesis technique). At 190, the spectrum is converted into a time domain. This conversion can occur using, for example, a discrete Fourier transform or sinusoidal oscillators. The remaining portion of the speech modelling can be accomplished by performing linear prediction synthesis filtering to convert the synthesized excitation into speech, or by using other processes that are conventionally known.
As discussed herein, items 110 through 170 relate specifically to the speech analysis or encoding, while items 180 through 190 relate specifically to the speech synthesis or decoding.
In addition to the process depicted in
The various embodiments of the present invention provide for a high degree of accuracy in speech modeling, particularly in the case of weakly voiced speech, while at the same time enduring only a moderate computational load. The various embodiments also provide for an improved trade-off between accuracy and complexity relative to conventional arrangements.
Devices implementing the various embodiments of the present invention may communicate using various transmission technologies including, but not limited to, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), Short Messaging Service (SMS), Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), e-mail, Instant Messaging Service (IMS), Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11, etc. A communication device may communicate using various media including, but not limited to, radio, infrared, laser, cable connection, and the like.
The present invention is described in the general context of method steps, which may be implemented in one embodiment by a program product including computer-executable instructions, such as program code, executed by computers in networked environments. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Computer-executable instructions, associated data structures, and program modules represent examples of program code for executing steps of the methods disclosed herein. The particular sequence of such executable instructions or associated data structures represents examples of corresponding acts for implementing the functions described in such steps.
Software and web implementations of the present invention could be accomplished with standard programming techniques with rule based logic and other logic to accomplish various actions. It should also be noted that the words “component” and “module,” as used herein and in the claims, is intended to encompass implementations using one or more lines of software code, and/or hardware implementations, and/or equipment for receiving manual inputs.
The foregoing description of embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present invention to the precise form disclosed, and modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of the present invention. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the present invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to utilize the present invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/857,006, filed Nov. 6, 2006.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60857006 | Nov 2006 | US |
