Patent Application
20240020592
The present invention relates in general to the field of information processing. In one aspect, the present invention relates to a system and method for outsourcing projects.
In the face of increasing global competition and under the constant pressure to lower costs, many companies have turned to offshoring and/or outsourcing projects, such as software development. Offshoring is moving to a captive office in another country (for example, India or China), while outsourcing refers to using different partners around the globe to do work, such as, for example, commodity-type work.
With offshoring, offices are relocated and formed so that the company owns the management structure and the daily running of the office to achieve cost benefits. But even after doing offshore co-location, a company has a need for work that needs to get done by third parties. That is where outsourcing applies. There are companies which are basically called factories, that is, they just have many developers whose job is to write code. There comes a point when the company decides to focus on its own competencies and wants to take advantage of this massive code factory, which is available around the globe because coding is becoming a commodity. The offshoring mode often occurs for a variety of reasons, such as when the company cannot trust someone else to develop a solution, so the company sets up its own structure, etc. based on its knowledge of the processes and the caliber of talent required.
A traditional outsourcing model is commonly referred to as the time and material model. That is, the company gets a contractor, and the company pays the contractor based on the number of hours he or she has worked. When paying on an hourly basis, the company does not get the benefits of efficiency because it is in the vendor's interest to spend 20 hours instead of 10 hours since he gets paid more. With the time and material model, there is no mechanism in the system which allows the company to get efficiencies.
If the company does not like the time and material model because the company believes that the vendor is stretching working hours just to get paid more, an alternative approach to hit margins is to obtain a guaranteed contract. With a guaranteed contract (e.g., for 2 to 3 years), the vendor/contractor may discount a percentage D on the monthly rate instead of charging on a full hourly basis. For example, the vendor/contractor may give the company a volume discount in a contract under which the vendor/contractor hires 20 people over the next 2 years, and the vendor/contractor gives the company a quote for 2 years at a flat rate per month. This model is typically called a global operating center (GOC) or some other term which uses an outsourcing partner as a center of excellence. However, there is no flexibility in such a model to address situations where the company is not satisfied with someone, or for replacing a person at the vendor/contractor who is terminated.
As seen from the conventional approaches, a need exists for methods and/or apparatuses for improving the efficiency and quality of outsourcing projects. Further limitations and disadvantages of conventional processes and systems will become apparent to one of skill in the art after reviewing the remainder of the present application with reference to the drawings and detailed description which follow.
In at least one embodiment, a system and method allow projects, such as software development projects, to be efficiently outsourced. The projects can be specified using discrete service identifiers. The input and output of each service is capable of being objectively identified, and objective evaluation metrics can be linked to each service. The objective evaluation metrics allow for each project to be evaluated using, for example, automated evaluation software tools. The precise definition of discrete services also facilitate accurate and complete request for proposals (RFPs) using, for example, only one page of text.
Additionally, in at least one embodiment, projects can be posted on a web site for bidding by third parties. The projects preferably have completion deadlines of 4 weeks or less. Such short timeline projects allow the projects to be concisely described, results returned quickly, shortened evaluation duration, and payment within a normal monthly cycle. Since the projects are associated with a discrete service with objective inputs, outputs, and evaluation metrics, vendors can bid on the project with minimal evaluation and speculation regarding the appropriate bidding price for the project. Additionally, since each service has specific inputs, outputs, time line goals, and prices, contracts for each project can be easily configured using data based upon the winning bid, i.e. time line and price, and the specific service identified with the project.
The system and method for outsourcing projects can be used by a company to outsource their own projects and/or can be offered as a service to other companies as consumers to facilitate outsourcing of the consumers' projects.
The present invention may be better understood, and its numerous objects, features and advantages made apparent to those skilled in the art by referencing the accompanying drawings. The use of the same reference number throughout the several figures designates a like or similar element.
An efficient outsourcing system, method and apparatus are described for efficiently generating requests for proposals (RFPs) using predefined service identifiers which each specify a discrete, short-term project with fixed inputs and outputs and objective evaluation metrics. To simplify the process of submitting and evaluating RFPs, the RFP documents are structured to follow a predetermined format by using discrete service identifiers for specific technology areas in which the identified service is easy to specify, easy to define, easy to evaluate, and easy to measure results. By emailing, posting or otherwise distributing the RFPs, qualified vendors are invited to submit bids in an electronic marketplace within a defined timeframe so that the company submitting the RFP can award the RFP to one or more of the vendors who submit a winning bid that meets one or more acceptance criteria defined by the company. Vendors are encouraged to acquire expertise in the technology areas relating to specific service identifiers by providing the vendors with the opportunity for high volume, repeat business in these technology areas.
Various illustrative embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying figures. While various details are set forth in the following description, it will be appreciated that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details, and that numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made to the invention described herein to achieve the device designer's specific goals, such as compliance with process technology or design-related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. While such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, it would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure. For example, selected aspects are shown in block diagram form, rather than in detail, in order to avoid limiting or obscuring the present invention. Some portions of the detailed descriptions provided herein are presented in terms of algorithms or operations on data within a computer memory. Such descriptions and representations are used by those skilled in the data processing arts to describe and convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. In general, an algorithm refers to a self-consistent sequence of steps leading to a desired result, where a “step” refers to a manipulation of physical quantities which may, though need not necessarily, take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It is common usage to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like. These and similar terms may be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the following discussion, it is appreciated that throughout the description, discussions using terms such as processing, computing, calculating, determining, displaying or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and/or transforms data represented as physical, electronic and/or magnetic quantities within the computer system's registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices.
Companies want flexibility, high quality deliverable, full coverage across all the work to get done, all at the best price available. These are the desirable basic tenets of outsourcing. Companies don't want to be held into long term contracts. A system and method of outsourcing allows for an identification of the basic characteristics of a service that a company wants to outsource, which would make the outsourced project fit these tenets. In at least one embodiment, there are three main things that a company wants to accomplish, which would keep partners happy, because finally if the company does not want to give someone a long term contract, there has to be a different way for that vendor (also sometimes referred to as a supplier, provider, etc.) also to make money. Like in any outsourcing relationship, the company wants to get the cost benefit, but the vendor also has to make his money somewhere. RFQs or RFPs, which is a request for proposal (sometimes called RFIs, request for intent) (collectively, “RFP”) identify work.
One problem is that the RFPs can vary in a virtually unlimited number of ways and subject matter domains. Technology often requires very specific knowledge. That is why the company wanted captive units, because of very specific technology domains, such as automotive domain, sometimes a very specific insurance domain, or a computer industry domain. It is very difficult for vendors to switch domains day in and day out if the RFPs don't follow a certain pattern or a certain format. So the first tenet, is: services should be easy to specify, easy to define, easy to evaluate, and easy to measure results. For example, in at least one embodiment, if an RFP cannot fit on one page, then something is wrong. That means the problem is too large. An RFP should also be defined for a fixed, short project completion time. For example, typically one RFQ over a four week delivery timeline often works well. Obtaining results in a short time period, e.g., every 4 weeks, is very easy to monitor, is very easy to piece projects together, and the second benefit again that companies get is companies cannot paralyze the effort for 1 to 3 months. Companies can develop RFPs for three different windows in four week chunks and get everything back in one month. If the company wants a short cycle, the second tenet is measurability. To have short cycles, projects should be very easy to measure and accept because if the company cannot measure projects easily and the projects take the companies a disproportionate amount of time, e.g., 1 or 2 months more to validate, then the company loses the benefit of a four week cycle.
The output of a project performed by outsourcers is measured by a specification provided. So a user of the system can specify and define, easily measure, and accept projects. The third tenet is the repeatability and the volume of the service. Because if again an outsourcer doesn't have sufficient volume, then why would the outsourcer have interest in working with no guarantees and no long-term contracts. Two examples explain all three tenets. So the first thing the company realizes is for any product in the organization, most of the customers, or most product managers, the first few things they want to get done is apart from new features, everybody wants the product to run faster. If the company's previous engine took two hours, it would be great if it took 1 hour now. Everybody wants it to take less memory. The code should be leaner to run on less memory. The project should be more scalable. If it's a website, if it could only handle 50 users, if the business has grown, I want it to handle 200 users now. So no new features, but if you improve a product on these three dimensions, that is, performance, memory, and scalability, your end consumer is always happy. So, the system can allow a user to select the service that the outsourcer will perform. The service is not specific to automotive, or insurance, or anyone.
In at least one embodiment illustrated by way of example in
Another example of a discrete service is a code coverage service illustrated by way of example in
Another example service offered by the system and illustrated by way of example in
Using discrete services such as exemplified by the foregoing, the system enables the development capacity to increase by creating RFPs that are easy to understand, easy to specify, and easy to consume. For example, consider the example of a company that builds microsites for OEMs. In this example, if OEM A is launching a new model X, the company builds a website which is a marketing website only for the new model. By simplifying all these constraints and quantifying them with a series of RFPs using objectively defined services, the system allows a company to get a project to work and work better. To get the best price for the service, the company sets a deadline for submitting bids and a time to respond to bids. One thing is clear, this system and method are a new model in the marketplace. As previously discussed, most vendors fall in one of two models. One is the time and material model with staff augmentation where the vendor will give the company an individual and the vendor will bill the company by the hour. That is the way most outsourcing projects work. And the second model is where the vendor will be a captive provider, so the vendor will give the company the volume discount if the company will give the vendor either the volume or a long-term contract.
Referring to
The system 100 allows a vendor to log in, see a dashboard indicating project awards and non-awards. The vendor can see lost projects, including the lowest price. For example, the company lost this bid because the vendor bid at $6,000 and the lowest price was $3,000. The system can share data, such as the lowest price, for a feedback loop. The system wants this whole loop to close out because the closed loop model is a mutually beneficial model because the company receives the cost benefit and vendors see the pipeline and the work. Vendors can decide how best to change their pricing to keep a longer relationship with the company. The cycle of sending RFPs can occur on a regular basis, for example, repeat every week. Thus, the generation of work measurable by quantifiable, objective measurement technology is ongoing. A four week turn around works well because vendor do not have to wait too long to receive payment and, with a week project acceptance period adds only 15-16% time overhead. In some business cases, 4 weeks is too long, the company wants things faster. Four week projects tend to result in faster, quicker work, and the short timeline improves the chance of succeeding by the vendor.
Whenever the company accepts a bid, there is already a pre-existing general contract that they are operating under. There are types of contracts. So by performance or double-double-double one, obviously the goal is to get double the performance, half the memory, but at times the company also finds the vendors are able to get the company 30% improvements. So the system structures those contracts on a deal based structure. So, in at least one embodiment, the system has one contract, e.g., a double-double-double type contract, and standard double-double-double contract provisions are accessed, and made electronically or manually available to the winning vendor for acceptance. Thus, the particular service requested is linked to a particular type of contract for automatic contract configuration.
System 100 provides a marketplace 102 that allows projects, services (e.g., double-double-double, code coverage, etc.), Master Development Agreements/Master Services Agreements (MDA/MSA), and timelines to be viewed by new suppliers, existing vendors and companies seeking vendors or suppliers. As depicted, the system has consumers, such as a business unit or company. In addition, each consumer company has vendors or suppliers. In operation, the consumer company submits an RFQ or an RFP. The consumer company makes an option of what type it is, double-double-double, code coverage, etc., by uploading the type of service. Since the services are well-defined with objective goals, they can be identified in a very short document, e.g., one page. The consumer dashboard 104 displays a consumer company's recently-submitted projects (e.g., within the last two weeks, months, etc.), comments on delivery, feedback, and a feedback loop. In the vendor display window 106, vendor suppliers access the system 100 and see the projects available for bidding, choose a project, submit a bid price, choose another project, submit a price, etc. Then the vendor suppliers will view the vendor display window 106 to see what projects are awarded to them, what projects are in progress, and what projects are they ready to start delivering on. In the management interface 104, the consumer company can see a dashboard of how the projects are going, and where the projects are, how many successes and failures in these areas, etc. In this way, the vendor suppliers and consumer company interact through the display 106 and dashboard 104 to create a marketplace.
The system 100 can present, in at least one embodiment, a quick screenshot of consumer information and vendor information. The consumer will see bid and award-related information in the window 104, using the dashboard, submit, and in process links. The dashboard link provides a view of all the projects, 1, 2, 3, including name, vendor, type, delivery date, and success or failure information. When a vendor logs in, a vendor sees window 106, which is all the projects open for bidding, and the vendor can choose to go and bid on any project using the Bid link. Vendors will have another view in the “awarded” link which displays all the projects awarded to the vendor. And at the “in process” link, the vendor sees which projects are in process, which are the projects the vendor will be or is working on.
In window 108, the company can upload the project code. Then the company would have something that provides some sort of data that would accompany the contract that says this is a double-double-double project. In at least one embodiment, when a vendor gets awarded a project, the vendor would automatically get a snapshot of the code base from a repository. So he may be modifying existing code or he's learning from that. The vendor uploads completed code. The system tests the code in accordance with the type of service associated with the code. For example, for a double-double-double project, the system will automatically take the new code, measure the timing of the old code, and the new one, and show that this will pay if the code, for example, runs in half time. So basically the company knows what type of project, the company knows the metrics that they have to meet. The vendor can upload the completed project code. If the code passes the test identified in the service linked to the bid, e.g. double-double-double, then the vendor fulfills the terms of the contract and receives agreed upon compensation. If the code does not pass the test, then the system 100 can allow remediation for a limited amount of time. Alarms can be set to alert the consumer and/or vendor of upcoming and/or pending deadlines.
With the system 100, the company can make the code and RFP available for bidding on the system web site, along with all the data that is necessary to bid on it. Once bids are submitted in response to the RFP, the company can decide which bid the company is going to accept using any desired rule to control how the company will accept an RFP. In addition, the company can have a manual or automatic way to track project progress and track who has which project and which code.
To illustrate how qualified partners may be used to define mini-networks of vendor suppliers that are specialized in specific technology or service areas, reference is now made to
With the “Submit RFP” link 1301, the outsourcing network may include user selection options that allow the user, for example, to specify a discrete service type, such as the bug fix service is used to address bugs within a specified application. With the bug fix service, the inputs may be specified by identifying a virtual image that reproduces the bug environment, a test suite where a regression test can be added verifying the fix, a reproduction of the bug (including definitive instructions of how to start the application), definitive instructions on reproducing the bug (e.g., with screen shots and/or command lines), clear instructions on the desired behavior, technical constraints on the code (e.g., Java version, formatting, etc.), and an automated test framework. The outputs for the bug fix service are the source code changes in a branch of the source tree; a screen shot of the desired behavior with the fix if the bug manifests itself through the user interface; an updated, correct, generated output from the command line being executed if the bug manifests itself through a command line; and an automated regression test that tests the fix. Since the services are well-defined with objective goals, they can be identified in a very short RFP document, e.g., one page.
With the “View RFPs” link 1302, the outsourcing network generates a dashboard display 1400 as illustrated by way of example with
With the “Award Projects” link 1304, the outsourcing network generates an award selection screen or web page 1500 which lists one or more RFP projects (e.g., 1-5) that have been submitted for bids, as illustrated by way of example with
To assist with the award process, the list of vendors 1504 may include a visual indication for each vendor as to whether the vendor has been qualified as a specialist by the consumer company. In selected embodiments, an individual vendor may be qualified as a specialist in a specific technology area that corresponds to one of the discrete service identifiers by acquiring a predetermined amount of experience, efficiency or expertise in the specific technology area. Each consumer company may establish its own criteria for qualifying a vendor as a specialist in a specific service area so as to assure that bids from such specialists will be realistic bids that are based on actual experience and/or expertise in the service area. By qualifying vendors as specialists in different service areas (e.g., as Bug Fix specialists or Double-Double-Double specialists), the vendors becomes more efficient in the designated area of specialization, which thereby reduces vendor costs and vendor bid prices. Once a vendor is qualified as a specialist for a particular technology area, the vendor's name appears in the outsourcing network with a visual indication that the vendor is a specialist. For example, in the award selection screen 1500, the listed vendors 1504 that are qualified as specialists for the “Bug Fix” service (Adea, SoftServe, E Soft, Atlas, and FCG) are displayed with a first visual indication (e.g., green highlighting), while the other listed vendors 1504 that are not qualified as specialists (e.g., Broadengate, Suzsoft, and Neulinx) are displayed with a second visual indication (e.g., yellow highlighting).
By visually segregating the qualified specialist vendors from the non-specialist vendors, the consumer company may choose to award projects to only qualified specialist vendors. Alternatively, the consumer company may choose to award the project to two different vendors so that both a qualified specialist and a non-specialist vendor are given an opportunity to be evaluated on the project. For example, with the first project (A7471-CR-KS0122065359), the bid award field 1506 shows that Adea is awarded the bid because the Adea vendor's bid at $400 was the lowest submitted bid price from a specialist vendor. However, the bid award field 1506 shows that Broadengate is also awarded the bid as the lowest price bid ($180) from a non-specialist vendor. With dual awards, the risk that the much cheaper bid from Broadengate won't be successful is covered by also selecting the lowest price specialist bid from Adea.
With the “View Awards” link 1303, the outsourcing network generates an award list page 1600 of RFP projects (e.g., 1-10) that have been awarded, as illustrated by way of example with
With the “Track Projects” link 1305, the outsourcing network generates an awarded project status page 1700 as illustrated by way of example with
With the “View Specialization” link 1308, the outsourcing network generates a specialization records page 1800 of vendor bids that are organized by service type, as illustrated by way of example with
Client computer systems 1906(1)-(N) and/or server computer systems 1904(1)-(N) may be, for example, computer systems of any appropriate design, including a mainframe, a mini-computer, a personal computer system including notebook computers, a wireless, mobile computing device (including personal digital assistants). These computer systems are typically information handling systems, which are designed to provide computing power to one or more users, either locally or remotely. Such a computer system may also include one or a plurality of input/output (“I/O”) devices coupled to the system processor to perform specialized functions. Mass storage devices such as hard disks, compact disk (“CD”) drives, digital versatile disk (“DVD”) drives, and magneto-optical drives may also be provided, either as an integrated or peripheral device.
As described herein, qualified partners may be used to define mini-networks of vendor suppliers in the network environment 1900 by using a server computer system (e.g., 1904(1)) to implement an outsourcing network for an outsourcing company. At the server computer system 1904(1), executable instructions and data are executed to generate or receive a one-page request for proposal document from the outsourcing company which specifies a discrete, short-term project with objective evaluation metrics. The server computer system 1904(1) distributes the RFP over the network 1902 to one or more vendor companies which use the client computer systems 1906(1)-(N) or other server computer systems 1904(2)-(N) to access the RFP and to provide bids in response to the RFP. In selected embodiments, the outsourcing company distributes the RFP to only a subset of the vendors that are qualified as specialists for a given RFP project service area. For example, if the vendors at client computers 1906(1), 1906(2) and 1906(4) are qualified as specialist vendors for the double-double-double service, then the outsourcing company uses the server computer system 1904(1) to email the RFP to only the specialists vendors 1906(1), 1906(2) and 1906(4). Based on their acquired experience or expertise, the specialist vendors respond to the RFP by submitting bids to the outsourcing company for display at the server computer system 1904(1). In this way, the server computer system 1904(1) provides an outsourcing network for an outsourcing company and its vendors to automate submission of RFPs, view submitted RFPs, view awards, award RFP projects, track projects and awards, qualify vendors as specialists, etc. By confining the distribution of RFPs to qualified specialist vendors (and possible other vendors that have expressed an interest in the relevant technology area), mini-bidding networks are established which promote efficiency and expertise in specific outsourcing technology areas, thereby facilitating project outsourcing.
Embodiments of the system and method for outsourcing projects can be implemented on a computer system such as a general-purpose computer 2000 illustrated in
I/O device(s) 2019 may provide connections to peripheral devices, such as a printer, and may also provide a direct connection to remote server computer systems via a telephone link or to the Internet via an ISP. I/O device(s) 2019 may also include a network interface device to provide a direct connection to remote server computer systems via a direct network link to the Internet via a POP (point of presence). Such connection may be made using, for example, wireless techniques, including digital cellular telephone connection, Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) connection, digital satellite data connection or the like. Examples of I/O devices include modems, sound and video devices, and specialized communication devices such as the aforementioned network interface.
Computer programs and data are generally stored as instructions and data in mass storage 2009 until loaded into main memory 2015 for execution. Computer programs may also be in the form of electronic signals modulated in accordance with the computer program and data communication technology when transferred via a network. The method and functions relating to system and method for outsourcing projects may be implemented in a computer program alone or in conjunction manual processes.
The processor 2013, in one embodiment, is a microprocessor manufactured by Motorola Inc. of Illinois, Intel Corporation of California, or Advanced Micro Devices of California. However, any other suitable single or multiple microprocessors or microcomputers may be utilized. Main memory 2015 is comprised of dynamic random access memory (DRAM). Video memory 2014 is a dual-ported video random access memory. One port of the video memory 2014 is coupled to video amplifier 2016. The video amplifier 2016 is used to drive the display 2017. Video amplifier 2016 is well known in the art and may be implemented by any suitable means. This circuitry converts pixel data stored in video memory 2014 to a raster signal suitable for use by display 2017. Display 2017 is a type of monitor suitable for displaying graphic images.
As will be appreciated, any number of discrete service definitions may be used to generate RFPs by defining the discrete services with fixed inputs and outputs and objective evaluation metrics. For example,
The above-discussed embodiments include software that performs certain tasks. The software discussed herein may include script, batch, or other executable files. The software may be stored on a machine-readable or computer-readable storage medium, and is otherwise available to direct the operation of the computer system as described herein and claimed below. In one embodiment, the software uses a local or database memory to implement the data transformation and data structures so as to improve the generation of attribute-based rules. The local or database memory used for storing firmware or hardware modules in accordance with an embodiment of the invention may also include a semiconductor-based memory, which may be permanently, removably or remotely coupled to a microprocessor system. Other new and various types of computer-readable storage media may be used to store the modules discussed herein. Additionally, those skilled in the art will recognize that the separation of functionality into modules is for illustrative purposes. Alternative embodiments may merge the functionality of multiple software modules into a single module or may impose an alternate decomposition of functionality of modules. For example, a software module for calling sub-modules may be decomposed so that each sub-module performs its function and passes control directly to another sub-module.
The computer system described above is for purposes of example only, and may be implemented in any type of computer system or programming or processing environment, or in a computer program, alone or in conjunction with hardware. Various embodiments of the present may also be implemented in software stored on a computer-readable medium and executed as a computer program on a general purpose or special purpose computer. For clarity, only those aspects of the system germane to the invention are described, and product details well known in the art are omitted. For the same reason, the computer hardware is not described in further detail. It should thus be understood that the invention is not limited to any specific computer language, program, or computer. The system and method for outsourcing projects may be implemented in any type of computer system or programming or processing environment. It is contemplated that the system and method for outsourcing projects might be run on a stand-alone computer system, such as the one described above. The system and method for outsourcing projects might also be run from a server computer systems system that can be accessed by a plurality of client computer systems interconnected over an intranet network. Finally, the system and method for outsourcing projects may be run from a server computer system that is accessible to clients over the Internet.
Many embodiments of the present invention have application to a wide range of industries and products including the following: computer hardware and software manufacturing and sales, professional services, financial services, automotive sales and manufacturing, telecommunications sales and manufacturing, medical and pharmaceutical sales and manufacturing, and construction industries.
Although the present invention has been described in detail, it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular form set forth, but on the contrary, is intended to cover such alternatives, modifications and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims so that those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes, substitutions and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in its broadest form.
This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/895,267, filed Mar. 16, 2007, entitled “System and Method for Outsourcing Projects,” and is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60895267 | Mar 2007 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 17205584 | Mar 2021 | US |
| Child | 18475871 | US | |
| Parent | 16539379 | Aug 2019 | US |
| Child | 17205584 | US | |
| Parent | 12049816 | Mar 2008 | US |
| Child | 16539379 | US |
