Patent Application
20190226287
Generally, the present disclosure relates to a drilling rig and to a system, apparatus and method for placing and removing pipe from a finger rack of a drilling rig. Another aspect of the present disclosure also provides a system for monitoring the health of a multiplicity of latches of a finger board.
In the drilling of a wellbore a drill bit is arranged in a bottom hole assembly on the lower end of a drill string. The drill bit is rotated to bore a hole in a formation. The formation may be below water or may be dry land. An upper end of the drill string passes through an opening in a drill floor of a drilling rig. The opening is known as well center. The drill string is constructed on a drilling rig and lowered into the hole using a wireline drawn-in and let-out by a winch known as a drawworks. The wireline passes over a crown block fixed to the top of a derrick, and passes down to a travelling block which travels up and down within the derrick to raise or lower joints of drill pipe and/or the entire drill string.
The drill bit is, at least initially, rotated by rotation of the drill string. The drill string may be rotated by a rotary table arranged at well center in the drill floor. In this case, a swivel is a hooked on to the travelling block, which has an elevator attached thereto in which the drill string is held for lowering and raising. Alternatively or additionally, the drill string may be rotated by a top drive movable up and down a track in a derrick of the drilling rig. The travelling block is connected to a top drive to raise and lower the top drive along the track. A top drive elevator depends from the top drive on bails. As the hole is drilled, joints of drill pipe are added to the drill string to allow the drill bit to drill deeper into the formation. The joints of drill pipe are usually added in stands of two or more, usually three joints. The stands of drill pipe are made-up off well center in a mouse hole or powered rat hole.
The drill pipe is initially kept horizontally in a hold of an off-shore rig or drill ship or in a horizontal stack on land. A joint of drill pipe is moved from the hold or stack on to a conveyor belt known as a catwalk, which conveys the joint of drill pipe up to the rig floor.
A first joint of drill pipe from the cat walk is picked up by a pipe handling apparatus and a pin end of the first joint lowered through a spider in the mouse hole. A second drill pipe is picked up from the cat walk and a pin end is hung above a box of the first joint of drill pipe. The pin of the second joint is rotated into the box of the first joint and torqued using an iron roughneck to make a two joint stand of drill pipe. A third and possibly fourth joint is added to build the stand of drill pipe. Another pipe handling apparatus moves the stand of drill pipe directly from the mouse hole or rat hole to well center for connection to the drill string or into a finger rack including one or more finger boards for buffer storage. Each finger board includes slots that are defined by steel beams known as fingers in an array, such a finger rack and pipe handling apparatus are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. B2-8,550,761, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein for all purposes. A multiplicity of latches are arranged on each finger. A space is defined between adjacent fingers and adjacent latches for a single stand of drill pipe. A latch of the multiplicity of latches is arranged between each stand of drill pipe to inhibit the stand of drill pipe from toppling out of the slots. The latches are typically pneumatically operated and move between a horizontal and vertical position. A pipe handling arm is used to remove the stand of drill pipe from the finger boards to the well center. The elevator or top drive elevator is used to lift the upper end of the stand of drill pipe, upon which the lower end swings into alignment with well center. The stand of drill pipe is then connected to the string of drill pipe suspended in the hole. The connection is made using the same iron rough neck. A particular type of pipe handling apparatus is known as a column racker which includes a column that can move in a track in front of the finger boards. The column has two or more pipe handling arms therealong and the column can rotate, giving access to large setback capacities of perhaps one to five hundred stands of drill pipe, casing and other pipes. The fingerboards accommodate pipes in an orderly fashion where they can be stored, secured and retrieved for stand building or drilling operations.
To retrieve a stand of drill pipe from a slot, the column racker will move in front of the selected slot, extend its gripper arms, open the corresponding latch or latches and then pull the stand out of the slot. The inverse operation is used when the column racker brings pipe into the fingerboard. Different latch types are used for drill pipe, casing production tubular etc. These vary in diameter, shape and weight. Latches are of various shapes. In addition, the distance between fingers within a fingerboard will vary. Latches have two main positions that are generally operated pneumatically. They can either be horizontal, as to prevent pipe from falling out of the slots; or vertical, freeing the way and allowing the pipe to be set or removed. Occasionally, the latches assume a position in between open and closed.
It is also known from WO 2011/135311 to have a system for determining the position of a downhole drill pipe relative to an iron roughneck. The system includes: an imaging means arranged to capture an image of the drill pipe in a region of the pipe for engagement by the device; and a processor operable to analyze said captured image and to determine therefrom the position of the drill pipe relative to the iron roughneck. Also disclosed is a system including imaging means arranged to capture an image of drill pipe held in an elevator as a confirmation that the drill pipe is indeed therein.
The drill string is removed from the well, in a procedure known as “tripping-out”. Typically, the top drive elevator lifts a stand length of drill pipe out of the hole. The spider in the rig floor at well center prevents the rest of the drill string from falling downhole. The stand of drill pipe is disconnected from the drill string using an iron roughneck. The stand is “set-back” in the finger board. Thus when the entire drill string has been tripped out, a large number of stands of drill pipe are set-back in the finger boards.
To improve the integrity of the hole, the hole may be lined with casing. A string of casing is lowered into the hole and hung from a wellhead or template on the surface of the formation. During construction of the casing string a section of casing is added to the casing string as it is lowered into the hole. The section of casing is moved from a storage area directly to well center, or using a finger rack as a buffer storage. Thus the finger board may additionally have fingers and latches at spacings suitable for casing, which is generally of a larger diameter than drill pipe. The section of casing is moved into alignment with well center using a pipe handling apparatus or an elevator is used to lift the upper end from a conveyor so that the lower end swings into alignment with well center and the casing string suspended in the hole. The section of casing is then connected to the string of casing suspended in the hole.
Before drilling continues, the drill bit and drill string are “tripped-in” to the well. The drill bit on a BHA and subsequently stands of drill pipe from the finger boards are moved to well center one at a time using the pipe handling arm and connected in the same procedure as described above, except for the fact that the hole is pre-drilled and cased, so the procedure is carried out at a much quicker pace than when drilling.
Other downhole tools may be placed in a finger rack, such as mud motors, whipstocks, liner, production tubular, wellbore cleaning tools etc.
The inventors have observed that there is a risk of drill pipe, casing and other pipes and downhole tools set back in a finger board of a finger rack from toppling out. The inventors have also observed that there are many hundreds of latches in a finger board. Although the probability of failure of a latch is low, because of the large number of latches, the probability is not insignificant. In the event that a latch fails to open or only partially opens, a pipe handling arm may still try to pull the stand out of the finger board, which could lead to equipment damage and possibly dropped parts or even a dropped pipe. In the event that a latch fails to close, the pipe being placed in the finger rack may topple out. The inventors have also noted that the latches need to be checked regularly. Latches operate in open loop and when a mechanical failure occurs it is not possible with existing systems to detect if the latch successfully changed position. Cost and time consequences vary depending on how quickly an operator can detect it on its own. Nonetheless, it is a hazard for the equipment, structure and personnel nearby whenever a column racker pulls or pushes against a defective latch. The inventors have also observed that drilling rigs are operated in daytime and at night, in normal and extreme weather conditions, such as off-shore in the arctic circle, snow bound conditions on land, icy conditions, as well as in hot deserts with blinding light.
The following presents a simplified summary of the present disclosure in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects disclosed herein. This summary is not an exhaustive overview of the disclosure, nor is it intended to identify key or critical elements of the subject matter disclosed here. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is discussed later.
Generally, the present disclosure is directed to various systems and methods that may be used for placing and removing pipe from a finger rack of a drilling rig. In accordance with one illustrative embodiment, a system for placing and removing pipe from a finger board of a drilling rig is disclosed that includes, among other things, a pipe handling apparatus and a finger rack having at least one finger board, the at least one finger board having at least two fingers defining a slot and a multiplicity of latches arranged therebetween defining a space for a pipe, wherein each latch of the multiplicity of latches is selectively movable between an open position and a closed position. Additionally, the disclosed system further includes at least one camera having a plurality of latches of the multiplicity of latches in a field of view, wherein the at least one camera is adapted to capture an image of the plurality of latches and send the image to a master control computer that is adapted to analyze the image for details indicative of at least one latch of the plurality of latches being in an open position or in a closed position, to conclude that the at least one latch of the plurality of latches is in an open position or in a closed position, and to allow or disallow a pipe handling apparatus to place or remove a pipe in the finger rack based on the conclusion.
In another exemplary embodiment of the present subject matter, a drilling rig is disclosed that includes, among other things, a rig floor, a derrick, a pipe handling apparatus, and at least one finger board having at least two fingers defining a slot and a multiplicity of latches arranged therebetween defining a space for a pipe, each latch of the multiplicity of latches being selectively movable between an open position and a closed position. Additionally, the disclosed drilling rig further includes at least one camera having at least one latch of the multiplicity of latches in a field of view, wherein the at least one camera is arranged on the pipe handling apparatus.
Optionally, the system and method also concludes if the latch is in a partially open, intermediate position.
Optionally, the camera is a high definition analogue or digital CCTV camera which captures the image. The CCTV camera may be of the type including a charge coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS). Optionally, the camera includes a color imaging sensor. Optionally, the sensor can also detect infrared frequency range. Alternatively, the camera further includes an infrared sensor, using an infrared marker located on the each latch. Optionally, the infrared marker is passive, i.e., not powered. Optionally, the camera is a range imaging camera to capture the image and distances to objects captured in the image. Optionally, the range imaging camera is a time-of-flight range imaging camera, which optionally uses a laser to flood the field of view with laser light and measures the time it takes to send and receive a reflection of the light to build a range image. Optionally, the range imaging camera is a stereo range imaging camera, which optionally uses two cameras aimed at the same object to provide range measurements. Optionally, the range imaging camera is of a sheet of light triangulation type or a structured light type.
Optionally, the camera is arranged in a housing with a glass or other translucent or transparent window provided with wipers, such as wiper blades to keep the window clean and clear of rain, snow, water spots, dust and dirt. Optionally, the camera is provided with the light source to keep the light intensity at the latch of at least 350 LUX. Optionally, the light source is mounted next to the camera.
Optionally, the camera is arranged on the pipe handling apparatus, optionally the handling apparatus includes a handling arm with a pipe gripping apparatus for gripping a pipe, and a base fixed to a column, the camera arranged on or under said base or alternatively on said gripping apparatus. Optionally, the camera is located on or in a fixed relation to a column of the pipe handling apparatus. Optionally, the column is moveable in a horizontal plane and optionally, rotatable. Optionally, the camera is arranged on said derrick in front of said finger board. Optionally, a camera is arranged at the back and above the plane of the finger board. Optionally, the camera is arranged on a track. Optionally, the track is substantially perpendicular to the fingers. Optionally, the camera has a union joint base, so that the camera can change its field of vision, optionally with a control system. If the field of vision of the camera is not quite right to capture a good image, the orientation in two or three degrees of rotational freedom may be made. Alternatively, a turn table allowing one degree of rotational freedom is used. Alternatively the camera is fixed so that no movement can occur.
Optionally, the pipe handling apparatus is a pipe handling arm. Optionally, the pipe handling arm is controlled by a pipe handling arm computer. Optionally, the pipe handling arm computer is programmed with a set of instructions to find a pipe in said finger board, to remove the pipe from the finger board and to convey the tubular to well center.
Optionally, the pipe is one of: a stand of drill pipe; a section of drill pipe; a section of casing; a stand of drill pipe having a downhole tool therein or connected thereto; a Bottom Hole Assembly or part thereof; production tubular; liner; and perforate pipe.
Optionally, the step of analyzing the image for details indicative of the latch being in an open position or closed position includes analyzing a contrast about said latch. Optionally, an outline is mapped about the latch, optionally other features of the latch, such as the pattern of holes therein. Optionally, the detail indicative of the latch being in an open position or closed position includes analyzing the area in which the latch should not be in the an open position or closed position, i.e., looking for a missing latch lying in a horizontal plane when the latch should be in an open position.
Optionally, the system further includes a step of defining a sub-image of an area about one latch. Optionally, the sub-image covers an area sufficient to cover the one latch in a closed and open position.
Optionally, the master control computer includes an algorithm to look for ellipses or circles on a latch. Optionally, to assess if the latch is closed. Optionally, to look for a set of ellipses in a line and optionally, in a horizontal line.
Optionally, the latch includes a marker. Optionally, the marker has a reflective element. Optionally the marker is a reflective tape. Optionally, reflecting visible light or light of a wavelength which the camera can detect, which may include infrared light. Optionally, the master control computer includes an algorithm to look for the marker on the latch. Optionally, the master control system is provided with a further algorithm to look for an outline of the latch and compare the relative position of the marker with the outline of the latch. Optionally, to assess if the latch is open.
Optionally, the camera captures an image of the slot in the finger rack and the master control computer includes an algorithm to look for an unregistered pipe and ghost pipe. An unregistered pipe is a pipe which is there in reality but is not registered in the computer system. A ghost pipe is a pipe which is registered in the computer system but does not actually exist in reality. Optionally, prior to checking the status of the latches. The algorithm for checking for unregistered pipe or ghost pipe may include a databank of images of pipe in particular slots and between particular latches and comparing the image with the databank. Alternatively, the algorithm can determine that the image contains a pipe by noting certain features, such as a color contrast in the outline of the pipe.
It is important to check for unregistered pipe and ghost pipe. In a worst case scenario, pipe could be dropped on the rig floor. Furthermore, damage to the pipe handler and other equipment may occur. Time delays also occur if equipment, such as the pipe handler thinks it has completed a handling procedure, when it hasn't.
Optionally, the pipe handling apparatus is controlled by a pipe handling control computer, programmed with a set of instructions to find a pipe in said finger board, to remove the pipe from the finger board and to convey the tubular to well center. The master control computer instructing said pipe handling computer to allow or disallowing the pipe handling apparatus to place or remove a pipe in the finger rack based on said conclusion as to whether the latch is in an open or closed position.
Optionally, at least one further image of the latch is obtained from said camera after said image, said at least one further image processed by the master computer control computer programmed with a set of instructions to analyze said at least one further image for details indicative of the latch being in an open position or closed position, to confirm or deny said conclusion. Optionally, to increase the robustness and certainty of the conclusion. Optionally, said image is digital, although may be an analogue image. Optionally, the image includes or is wholly built up from range data, such that a three dimensional image is captured and sent to the master computer system. Optionally, the range data is measured for each one to one thousand square millimeters, optionally every ten to one hundred square millimeters of the zone.
Optionally, the image is captured and processed in real time. Optionally, the and further image are captured within 0.01 and five seconds of one another.
Optionally, the master computer system is located in the at least one camera or housing thereof. Alternatively, the master computer system is located on the drilling rig, such as in a dog house. Alternatively, the master computer system is located at a distance to the drilling rig, such as in a control center or in the cloud.
Optionally, the rig floor is located in a drilling rig. Optionally, the rig floor is locate in one of: a drill ship; FPSO; SWATH; tensioned leg platform; and land rig.
These and other needs in the art are addressed by an integrated non-contact measuring equipment. In a preferred embodiment, the measuring system includes one or more cameras located at the column racker. The camera is located in a fixed position that allows an obstructed view of the latches to be operated. A series of images are collected and processed for the identification of expected geometries and feature compositions. Data obtained from the images are mapped into a three dimensional representation of the finger and latches in front of the column racker at the time. A minimum of one image is required; however more are combined to increase the robustness and certainty of the results.
In another embodiment, an articulated mount for the camera is activated based on desired views and positioning of other movable components on the column racker. The articulated mount will go to predefined positions according to the finger configuration the column racker will face at the time. Some models and/or fingerboard configurations would not require additional degrees of freedom.
Other needs in the art are addressed in another embodiment by a dedicated movable track with one or more cameras mounted on it on the opposite side of the fingerboard, behind the setback facing the column racker. An additional integrated actuator will move the camera from one finger to the next, scanning the state of all latches using the same image processing technique.
In a particular embodiment a non-contact range sensor is used in addition or in substitution to the image-based recognition system. The sensor includes a laser or sonar for the creation of a three dimensional representation of the equipment state in front on the column racker.
Also disclosed herein is a system for monitoring the health of a multiplicity of latches in a finger board of a drilling rig that includes a drilling rig and at least one camera. In certain disclosed embodiments, the drilling rig includes a pipe handling apparatus and at least one finger board, having at least two fingers defining a slot and a multiplicity of latches arranged therebetween defining a space for a pipe, wherein each latch of the multiplicity of latches is selectively movable between an open position and a closed position. Additionally, the drilling rig further includes a latch controller for controlling each latch of the multiplicity of latches between the open position and the closed position. The at least one camera has a plurality of latches of the multiplicity of latches in a field of view, wherein the at least one camera is adapted to capture an image of the plurality of latches and send the image to a master control computer that is adapted to analyze the image for details indicative of at least one latch of the plurality of latches being in an open position or closed position, to conclude that the at least one latch of the plurality of latches is in an open position or in a closed position, and to receive control information in a data packet from the latch controller, wherein the control information data packet includes information as whether the at least one latch of the plurality of latches has been controlled to be in an open position or in a closed position. The master control computer is further adapted to perform a comparison of the received control information with the conclusion obtained from the image captured by the at least one camera and to assess the health of the at least one latch based on the comparison.
Optionally, the latch controller is incorporated into a pipe handling computer. Optionally, if the assessment of the health of the latch is unhealthy, further including the step of the master computer sending a message to a display indicating that the at least one latch is unhealthy. Optionally, if the assessment of the health of the latch is unhealthy, further including the step of the master computer sending a message to the supplier of the latch at a remote location, the contractor for servicing the latch at a remote location or a technician on the drilling rig. The message may be in the form of an automatically generated email, generated by the master control system with information concerning the serial number of the latch, a copy of the image and details of the finger board such as installed height and serial number and details of the drilling rig, which information is pre-stored in a memory of the master control computer.
WO 2004/044695 discloses a computer system used in checking the health of various parts of a drilling rig.
The disclosure may be understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals identify like elements, and in which:
While the subject matter disclosed herein is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the subject matter defined by the appended claims to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the claimed subject matter.
Various illustrative embodiments of the present subject matter are described below. In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developers' specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
The present subject matter will now be described with reference to the attached figures. Various systems, structures and devices are schematically depicted in the drawings for purposes of explanation only and so as to not obscure the present disclosure with details that are well known to those skilled in the art. Nevertheless, the attached drawings are included to describe and explain illustrative examples of the present disclosure. The words and phrases used herein should be understood and interpreted to have a meaning consistent with the understanding of those words and phrases by those skilled in the relevant art. No special definition of a term or phrase, i.e., a definition that is different from the ordinary and customary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art, is intended to be implied by consistent usage of the term or phrase herein. To the extent that a term or phrase is intended to have a special meaning, i.e., a meaning other than that understood by skilled artisans, such a special definition will be expressly set forth in the specification in a definitional manner that directly and unequivocally provides the special definition for the term or phrase.
As used in this description and in the appended claims, the terms “substantial” or “substantially” are intended to conform to the ordinary dictionary definition of that term, meaning “largely but not wholly that which is specified.” As such, no geometrical or mathematical precision is intended by the use of terms such as “substantially flat,” “substantially perpendicular,” “substantially parallel,” “substantially circular,” “substantially elliptical,” “substantially rectangular,” “substantially square,” “substantially aligned,” and/or “substantially flush,” and the like. Instead, the terms “substantial” or “substantially” are used in the sense that the described or claimed component or surface configuration, position, or orientation is intended to be manufactured, positioned, or oriented in such a configuration as a target. For example, the terms “substantial” or “substantially” should be interpreted to include components and surfaces that are manufactured, positioned, or oriented as close as is reasonably and customarily practicable within normally accepted tolerances for components of the type that are described and/or claimed. Furthermore, the use of phrases such as “substantially conform” or “substantially conforms” when describing the configuration or shape of a particular component or surface, such as by stating that “the configuration of the component substantially conforms to the configuration of a rectangular prism,” should be interpreted in similar fashion.
Furthermore, it should be understood that, unless otherwise specifically indicated, any relative positional or directional terms that may be used in the descriptions set forth below—such as “upper,” “lower,” “above,” “below,” “over,” “under,” “top,” “bottom,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “lateral,” and the like—have been included so as to provide additional clarity to the description, and should be construed in light of that term's normal and everyday meaning relative to the depiction of the components or elements in the referenced figures. For example, referring to the perspective views of the finger board 102 shown in
Referring now to
A dog house 12 is arranged on one corner of the rig floor 2, which is typically a control room for the driller and/or tool pusher.
Two finger boards 13 and 14 are fixed in the derrick 3 approximately twenty-five meters above the rig floor 2. Finger board 13 has eleven fingers 15 to 25. Each finger 15 to 25 has six latches 13′ (only shown in finger 25) are arranged between adjacent fingers to provide storage for sixty stands of drill pipe 26. Similarly finger board 14 is able to store sixty stands of drill pipe 26. A camera 27 and 28 are each fixed on a carriage 29 and 30. The carriage 29 and 30 is movably arranged along horizontal track 31 and 32 along a path in front of the respective finger board 13 and 14.
A pipe handling arm 50 is arranged in a gap 53 between fronts 51 and 52 of the finger boards 13 and 14. The pipe handling arm 50 has a pipe gripper 54, a first arm 55 pivotally connected to the pipe gripper 54, a second arm 56 pivotally connected to the first arm 55, and a base 57 having a turntable with the second arm 56 pivotally connected thereto to allow a further degree of freedom.
In use, a first joint of drill pipe 33 is moved from a pipe supply rack or pile arranged on the ground 5 on to the catwalk 11. A pipe elevator 34 of pipe handler 10 depends from a line 35 and is placed about a box end 36 of the drill pipe 34. The line 35 is drawn in on a winch (not shown) to pull the first joint 33 up the catwalk 11 until it reaches a carriage 37 on a column 38 of the pipe handler 10. The winch (not shown) carries on drawing in the line 35, moving the carriage 37 up the column 38 until the lower pin end 39 of the first joint 33 is clear above the rig floor 2. The carriage 37 is rotated about column 38 into vertical alignment with mouse hole 8. The winch (not shown) is reversed to lower carriage 37, lowering the joint 33 into mouse hole 8. A spider (not shown) at mouse hole 8 may be used to prevent the joint from falling through the rig floor 2 or a shoe (not shown) in the ground 5 could be used. The pipe elevator 34 is disconnected from the first joint 33 and returned to the position shown in
The stand 26 is picked by the pipe gripper 54 of the pipe handling arm 50 and placed between adjacent fingers 15 to 25 of finger board 13 or 14, details of which will now be described.
Each Camera 27 and 28 is arranged in front of and above each finger board 13 and 14 respectively to obtain a good view of the latches in an open position in which a pipe can be inserted and removed and a closed position in which the pipe is restrained from removal from the finger board 13 and 14. Each camera 27 and 28 is arranged on a respective carriage 29 and 30 movably arranged on a track 31 and 32. Each track 31 and 32 lies perpendicular to the fingers 15 to 25 such that each camera 27 and 28 on respective carriage 29 and 30 moves along respective track 31 and 32 to obtain a field of view along each finger 15 to 25.
In use, the pipe handling arm 50 is controlled by an operator in a control room following a set of steps or by a master control computer 12′ following a set of preprogrammed steps to set-back a stand of drill pipe 26 in the finger board 13. The steps include the pipe handling arm 50 activated to move the pipe gripper 54 to engage the stand of drill pipe 26 located in the mouse hole 7. The pipe gripper 54 is activated to grip the stand of drill pipe 26. Rollers (not shown) in the pipe gripper 54 are activated to lift the stand of drill pipe out of the mouse hole 7 clear of the rig floor 2, if required. The pipe gripper 54 is then moved to a predetermined position in front of the finger board 13, for example in front of a slot 13s defined by fingers 20 and 21. The master control computer automatically activates certain of the latch assemblies arranged between fingers 20 and 21 to move to an open position to allow the stand of drill pipe 26 to enter the slot 13s. The master control computer also controls carriage 29 to move camera 27 along track 31 to a position directly in front of the slot defined by fingers 20 and 21. The camera 27 is controlled by the master control computer 12′ to capture at least one image of the latch assemblies along slot 13s. A representation of the image captured by camera 27. The master control computer 12′ analyzes the at least one image and determines if all of the relevant latches are in the image. This may be carried out by comparing the image with a preloaded known image. The master control computer also assesses which of the latches 13′ should be open and which should be in a closed position. The master control computer compares the images to those of open and closed preloaded images and looks for indications, such as a contrast in color around features such as around the latch 13′ when in a horizontal and vertical positions or for other features of the latch when in open and closed positions such as holes in the latch 13′. The camera 27 may be provided with its own light source directed on the cameras field of view to improve such a contrast. Once the master control computer has established if the latch is in an open position or a closed position, the master control computer 12′ allows or disallows the pipe handling apparatus 50 to move the stand of drill pipe 26 to enter the slot 13s provided in between fingers 20 and 21 on the pipe handling arm 50.
A second embodiment of the invention is shown in
A pipe handling apparatus 140, known as a column racker and a finger rack 139 are shown in
The finger board 102 is fixed to a derrick 150 at a height approximately 25 m above the rig floor 151. The finger 103 of finger board 102 is shown with latch assemblies 111 spaced therealong at approximately 150 mm intervals. The pipe handling apparatus 140 has a rotatable column 141 rotatable about a vertical axis. A motor 142 is used to rotate the rotatable column 141. The rotatable column 141 is arranged on a track 141′ at the top of the column and a corresponding track 141″ at the bottom of the column in the rig floor 151 to allow the entire column to move along the front of the finger board 103, whilst the column 141 remains vertical. It will be noted that the track 141′ is perpendicular to the column and thus the column moves therealong into and out of the page as shown in
A second finger board 154 is fixed to the derrick 150 at a height approximately 25 m above rig floor 151. The second finger board is similar to the finger board 102, having fingers 155 and latch assemblies 156 which are similar or identical to the fingers 103-106 and latch assemblies 111. A third finger board 157 is fixed to the derrick 150 at a height approximately 18 m above rig floor 151. The third finger board 157 is similar to the finger board 102, having fingers 158 and latch assemblies 159 which are similar or identical to the fingers 103-106 and latch assemblies 111. A lower pipe handling arm 160 is generally similar to the upper pipe handling arm 143 having a base unit 161 fixed to the rotatable column 141. An arm 162 has an upper end pivotally connected to a dolly 163 which is controllably slidable along a vertical track 164 fixed to the rotatable column 141 above the base unit 161. A lower end of arm 162 has a pipe gripper 165 pivotally connected thereto. A supporting arm 166 is pivotally connected at an upper end to a middle of the arm 162 and at the other end pivotally connected to the base unit 161. Upon activation by a control system (not shown), the dolly 163 moves up and down the vertical track 164 to move the pipe gripper 165 towards and away from the rotatable column 141. Two cameras 167 and 168 are fixed to a bottom of the base unit 163. The second finger board camera 167 has a field of vision between dot-dashed lines 169 and 170. The third finger board camera 168 has a field of vision between dot-dashed lines 171′ and 172.
A fourth finger board 171 is fixed to the derrick 150 at a height approximately 8 m above rig floor 151. The fourth finger board 171 is similar to the finger board 102, having fingers 172 and latches 173 which are similar or identical to the fingers 103-106 and latch assemblies 111.
A fourth finger board camera 174 is fixed to the rotatable column 141. The fourth finger board camera 174 has a field of vision between dot-dashed lines 175 and 176 looking along the length of the fingers 172′.
For each of the finger boards 102, 154, 157, and 171, the latch 114 of respective latch assemblies 111, 156, 159, and 173 is optionally red, the fingers 102 to 106 yellow and the drill pipe 110 gun metal grey such that the colors contrast.
The cameras 27, 28, 101, 167, 168, 174 may include a CCD or CMOS having color imaging, a global shutter and a dynamic range of more than 50db, an angle of view of between 30 and 40 degrees, preferably not a fish eye lens, have a frame rate of seven frames per second and a fixed focal length.
In use, the pipe handling apparatus 140 is controlled by an operator in a control room following a set of steps or by a master control computer following a set of preprogrammed steps to place a stand of drill pipe 110 in the finger rack 139 from a mouse hole or well center (not shown). The steps include the pipe handling apparatus 140 moving along tracks 141′, 141″ to a predetermined point near the mousehole or well center. The pipe handling arms 143 and 160 are activated to move the pipe grippers 148 and 165 away from the rotating column 141 to engage the stand of drill pipe 110 in the mouse hole or well center. The pipe grippers 148 and 165 are activated to grip the stand of drill pipe. Rollers (not shown) in the pipe grippers 148 and 165 are activated to lift the stand of drill pipe out of the mouse hole clear of the rig floor 151, if required. The pipe grippers 148 and 165 are moved towards the rotating column 141 together with the stand of drill pipe. The pipe handling apparatus 140 is driven along the track 141′, 141″ to a predetermined position in front of the finger rack 139, for example in front of slot 108. The master control computer automatically activates latch assemblies 111, 156, 159, and 173 and corresponding latches 114 in finger boards 102, 154, 157 and 171 to move to an open position to allow the stand of drill pipe 110 to enter space 108s in slot 108 between latches 114a and 114b (
A reverse procedure is carried out for removing a stand of drill pipe from the finger rack 139.
During the service life of the finger rack 139, the color of the latches 114 and the fingers 103 to 106 and the color of the drill pipe 110 will change and become marked and have indents from collisions. Furthermore dirt and mud will obscure color and change the outline of the latch. Thus the master control computer is programmed with an algorithm to ignore small differences and to look for dramatic differences in outline, such as the overall outline of a profile of the latch is an open position and closed position.
It should be noted that the first, second, third and fourth finger boards 102, 154, 157, and 171 may have identical arrangement of fingers and latches to accommodate stands of drill pipe. However, the finger boards may have different arrangements of fingers and latches to accommodate casing, liner, downhole tools, production tubulars, risers, and other types of pipes. For example, the third and fourth finger boards may have additional fingers than the first and second finger boards, which additional fingers are spaced at wide spacings to accommodate large diameter casing and conductor pipe.
Referring to
A camera 208 is arranged on a camera carriage 209 on a toothed track 210 behind and above the back of the fingers 201 to 205. The toothed track 210 extends the width of the finger board 200 and approximately 1 m above a horizontal plane defined by the top of the fingers 201 to 205. The camera is angled downwardly to obtain a field of vision indicated by the dot-dashed lines 211 and 212. The camera carriage 209 has a drive motor 213 having a toothed wheel 214 for engaging toothed track 210 to drive the camera carriage 209 therealong. A connector block 215 provides a connection between communication and power lines (not shown) and the camera 208 and drive motor 213. The drive motor 213 may be an X-proof electric motor or may be a hydraulic motor driven from a hydraulic supply hose (not shown). An image processing unit 216 for the camera 208 is also provided for collecting and storing and sending images to a master control computer (not shown). A chain type cable conveyor 217 is provided to retain cables whilst allowing the camera carriage 209 to traverse along toothed track 210.
In use, a pipe handling apparatus such as the one shown in
If a latch assembly 206 is deemed not to be operating correctly by the master control computer, a notification is sent to the driller or to a designated person who can fix the problem when rig conditions are suitable, as set out below in more detail with respect to a negative health check result. In the meantime, the master control computer deems the slot unusable and will not allow casings or stands of drill pipe to be moved into or out of the finger rack.
The inventors observed that it is beneficial to check the health of the latches of a finger board on a regular basis. The inventors have observed that a finger, such as finger 103 to 106 when having slots 107 to 109 empty of stands of drill pipe 110 and of other pipe, should have the latches 114 health checked. The master computer system sends the pipe handling apparatus 140 to the empty finger 103 to 106 and activates one, some or all of the latches 114 to move to an open position. The camera 101 captures a health check image and sends the health check image to the master control computer. The image is processed in the same way as for the confirmation procedure described above to confirm if the one, some or all of the latches are in the open position. The master control computer commands the one, some or all of the latches 114 to close. The master control computer commands the camera 101 to capture another health check image. The image is processed in the same way as for the confirmation procedure described above to confirm if the one, some or all of the latches are in the closed position. If one or more of the latches 114 is not in the correct position, a negative health check command is sent to the master control computer.
In another health check embodiment, a 3D realtime model of the latch assemblies along each finger the 3D real time model will be compared to the original 3D model of the latch assemblies along each finger and will be used to check for deviations and abnormalities as the health check.
A hierarchical computer control system such as the one disclosed in WO 2004/012040 can be used to process the negative health check result to inform the correct person to fix the problem. The problem can then be fixed at the appropriate time when the drilling rig is at a stage of operation when personnel can enter the rig floor safely. In the meantime, the master control computer disallows the slot from being used.
The cameras 27, 28, 101, 167, 168, 174 may be of a high definition CCTV grey scale or color camera. Optionally, they may be provided with a distance measuring device, such as a laser so that different parts of an image are provided with a distance measurement from the camera, which facilitates differentiation between latch assemblies.
The cameras 27, 28, 101, 167, 168, 174 may optionally be range imaging cameras used to create a three dimensional representation of the latch assemblies along the finger. The camera may use a laser reflection or sonar reflection to determine distance from the camera to obtain relative differences and thus build up a three dimensional range image.
The range imaging cameras may be a stereo triangulation type in which two spaced cameras are pointed to the same spot on the rig for determining the depth to points in the scene. The two spaced cameras may be located on the same camera carriage or pipe handling apparatus or arm.
The range imaging camera may be a sheet of light triangulation type wherein the zone is illuminated with a sheet of light which creates a reflected line as seen from the light source. From any point out of the plane of the sheet the line will typically appear as a curve, the exact shape of which depends both on the distance between the observer and the light source, and the distance between the light source and the reflected points. By observing the reflected sheet of light using a high resolution camera and knowing the positions and orientations of both camera and light source, it is possible to determine the distances between the reflected points and the light source or camera. By moving either the light source (and normally also the camera) or the scene in front of the camera, a sequence of depth profiles of the scene can be generated. These can be represented as a 2D range image.
The range imaging camera may be a structured light type, wherein the zone is flooded with a specially designed light pattern, structured light, depth can be determined using only a single image of the reflected light. The structured light can be in the form of horizontal and vertical lines, points or checker board patterns.
The range imaging camera may be a time-of-flight technique, wherein a light pulse is used to, optionally with the entire zone captured with a single light pulse, although point-by-point rotating laser beam is an option. Time-of-flight cameras capture the whole zone in three dimensions with a dedicated image sensor, and therefore have no need for moving parts. A time-of-flight laser radar with a fast gating intensified CCD camera may achieve millimeter depth resolution. With this technique a short laser pulse illuminates the zone, and the intensified CCD camera opens its high speed shutter only for a few hundred picoseconds. The 3D information is calculated from a 2D image series that was gathered with increasing delay between the laser pulse and the shutter opening. Referring to
A light source 260 is also enclosed in the housing and is directed through the window 252 in substantially the same direction as the camera 250 in order to illuminate the field of view 254 of the camera 250. The light source 260 may provide a light across the same frequency spectrum as that of the camera 250. Optionally, the light source 260 is more focused and only illuminates a part of the field of view 254 of the camera 250. The light source 260 optionally illuminates a latch 314 (
Referring now to
The finger board 302 is fixed to a derrick 350 at a height between approximately 8 and 35 m above the rig floor (not shown). A finger 303 of the finger board 302 is shown with latch assemblies 311 spaced therealong at approximately 150 mm intervals. Each latch assembly 311 includes a latch 314 (
A second camera 301′ is located at a top of the column 341 on a motor housing 355 fixed to the column 341, optionally placed over the track 341′. The second camera 301′ is thus in front of the fingerboard 302 and in front of any pipe (not shown) held in pipe gripper 348 when the pipe gripper moves the pipe into and out from the slots in the fingerboard 302. The second camera 301′ is directed to have a fixed field of view shown as dashed-dot lines 356. The second camera 301′ will thus be coupled to the column 341 and move therewith, so that it will be in position at each active row of latch assemblies 311 at all times. Alternatively or additionally the second camera 301′ may be mounted on a rotation means so that the second camera 301′ can rotate in a horizontal plane and optionally in a vertical plane or both to maintain or change the field of view 356.
In operation, the column 340 moves along track 341′ in front of a predetermined row of latch assemblies 311 in fingers 303. During a set-back pipe operation the second camera 301′ feeds back images to the control system CS, which interprets the image for the following:
During a pulling operation (getting a pipe) the second camera 301′ feeds back to the computer system CS:
In the above described steps, the ghost pipe check may also include an unregistered pipe check.
One camera may be used to obtain an image to carry out each of the above steps, although it is optional to have a separate camera for each finger board. It is also preferable to have a second camera for added redundancy so that if the first camera fails the second can takeover. It is also preferable to have a second camera and a second algorithm for checking each result of the first. Alternatively, a separate camera may be provided to take images for each step or a selection of steps as set out above. A further camera 301″ having a field of view shown as dashed-dot lines 357 is located on the column below the track 341′. This camera is used for redundancy, in case of camera failure or used in conjunction with another algorithm to confirm or deny results of the other cameras 301 and 301′.
If there is a second fingerboard below the first finger board 302, similar to the fingerboard 154 shown in
The cameras 27, 101, 167, 168, 174 may include a CCD or CMOS having color imaging, a global shutter and a dynamic range of more than 50 db, an angle of view of between 30 and 40 degrees, preferably not a fish eye lens, have a frame rate of at least seven frames per second and a fixed focal length.
Each latch 314, as shown in
Referring to
Referring to
The particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, as the invention may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein. For example, the process steps set forth above may be performed in a different order. Furthermore, no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown, other than as described in the claims below. It is therefore evident that the particular embodiments disclosed above may be altered or modified and all such variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the invention. Note that the use of terms, such as “first,” “second,” “third” or “fourth” to describe various processes or structures in this specification and in the attached claims is only used as a shorthand reference to such steps/structures and does not necessarily imply that such steps/structures are performed/formed in that ordered sequence. Of course, depending upon the exact claim language, an ordered sequence of such processes may or may not be required. Accordingly, the protection sought herein is as set forth in the claims below.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/526,024, filed May 11, 2017, which was a 371 of PCT/GB2015/053447, filed Nov. 13, 2015, which claimed priority to UK patent application No. 1420258.4, filed Nov. 14, 2014, and is hereby incorporated by reference for all it contains.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15526024 | May 2017 | US |
| Child | 16278494 | US |
