Patent Application
20120270714
The invention relates to a system for manufacturing sacks or bags, comprising at least two machines which control elements are assigned to and which are connected with each other by at least one transport and one storage device.
Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing sacks or bags, in which at least two machines are being operated and in which at least one transport and one storage device transport and/or store bags or semi-finished sacks between the at least two machines.
A plurality of steps are required for the manufacture of sacks or bags, which are performed in at least two machines, forming the system mentioned above. Generally, tube pieces made of one or a plurality of flat material webs, usually made of paper and/or synthetic webs, are normally produced first, by initially pooling these webs to create a tube, whereby the overlapping marginal areas are glued together with an adhesive. Next, the tube is separated into tube pieces. This machine for creating tube pieces is known as tube extruding machine. This type of tube extruding machine is disclosed in the published document DE 197 04 332 A1.
Bottoms are formed on one or both open ends of these tube pieces in a so-called bottom jointing machine, by putting on the ends with the creation of rectangular bottoms or triangular pouches. Parts of the rectangular bottoms are subsequently folded back, in part after inserting a valve patch, and glued shut with adhesive. A fillable sack is created in this fashion. Interior bolts and/or bottom cover sheets can additionally be glued onto suitable positions inside this machine. Finally, the sacks are arranged in sack stacks. Important functions of bottom jointing machines can be found in the published documents DE 195 40 148 A1, DE 195 40 150 A1, DE 196 21 586 A1, DE 103 09 893 A1, D1 103 27 646 A1, EP 1 892 086 A1 and DE 103 30 750 A1.
In another machine known as the palletizer, sack stacks can be arranged on pallets to enable the transport of large amounts of sacks in an easy fashion. These kinds of palletizers are described in the published documents DE 100 22 272, DE 103 09 131 and DE 10 2005 049 964 A1.
Additional machines can be integrated into the production process.
Within the scope of this patent application, the term machine refers to any machines used to process, machine, treat, arrange or otherwise alter material, such as for example material webs, tube pieces or finished sacks. Control components are assigned to the machines used to control the functions and units required for operating the machine. These control components can be hardware elements such as an SPC (stored program control) or an IPC (industrial PC). Software code can also be part of the control components. In the process, the control can be based on operator-defined specifications. For example, the operator can specify the manufacturing speed.
At least one transport or storage device each is provided between the individual machines to combine the machines with each other. This means that the workpieces, i.e. the tube pieces or sacks can be transported between the machines with these transport and/or storage devices, wherein these devices are designed to retain a certain amount of workpieces (storage volume). This means that every workpiece taken over by a machine from a transport and/or storage device is not immediately further processed by the next machine in the production flow. In fact, the workpiece remains inside this device. This allows the adhesives to cure sufficiently. Furthermore, it creates a buffer in case one machine is unable to work at the intended capacity. Accordingly, the transport and/or storage devices represent a depository. The workpieces are generally not modified inside the transport and storage devices, but only change the location. The workpieces can be transported or stored individually, but preferably in stacks. This type of transport and/or storage device is disclosed in WO 2005/018923 A1.
The system's maximum operational capacity is achievable if all of the mentioned machines and transport and storage devices are operated with the same manufacturing speed which is as high as possible. In the process, the maximum manufacturing speed is determined by the slowest machine which commonly is the bottom jointing machine.
Different influences reduce the actual manufacturing speeds of the machines, in particular the tube extruding machine and the bottom jointing machine. For example, production in the tube extruding machine needs to be stopped if a roll which the material webs are normally wrapped onto needs to be exchanged. This often means that the material supply for the bottom jointing machine is also interrupted, making it idle or in need of being stopped as well. In the first case, this results in an unnecessary waste of resources. In the second case, the machine needs to be rebooted to the manufacturing speed which normally results in so-called start-up scrap (production of unusable sacks or bags) aside from wasted time. In other words, the actual operational capacity achieved in the practice often falls short of the maximum possible operational capacity.
The object of the present invention is therefore to propose a device and a method with which the actual operational capacity can be increased.
The object is solved with a system according to the preamble of claim 1 to which the characteristics of the distinguishing signs of this claim were added.
Accordingly, a control unit is provided which is equipped in such a way that the manufacturing speeds of at least two machines can be transmitted to it and which is designed in such a way that it proposes and/or sets the manufacturing speeds of at least two machines based on system operating parameters. It is particularly advantageous if the absolute manufacturing speeds are proposable and/or settable.
Furthermore, the object is solved with claim 3, according to which the manufacturing speed of the at least two machines and at least one other operating parameter of the machines, transport and/or storage positions is reported to a control unit and the control unit proposes and/or sets the manufacturing speed of at least one or at least two machines based on the reported values. The term “values” is used representative of the manufacturing speed and the at least one other operating parameter.
The invention is based on the idea that a machine should be able to produce whenever it is production-ready. This means that the preceding transport and/or storage device must be able to accept workpieces and/or that the processed workpieces must also be accepted by a following transport and/or storage device. Consequently, the depository capacity of the transport and/or storage device must never be fully exploited, i.e. the transport and/or storage device must never be completely empty or full. This way, idling or stoppage and the associated start-up scrap can be prevented.
In order to achieve this, the control unit records at least one other operating parameter aside from the manufacturing speeds, to be able to respond accordingly. The response is expressed in the setting of suitable manufacturing speeds to ensure that both workpieces as well as free spaces are available in all transport and storage devices.
An advantageous embodiment provides that the control unit proposes and/or sets the manufacturing speed of at least one machine of a preceding and/or the following machine based on the reported values. For instance, if the roll needs to be exchanged in the tube extruding machine, the manufacturing speed of the bottom jointing machine can be reduced accordingly ahead of time to achieve a corresponding filling of the depository. Alternatively, a higher filling level of the depository can be achieved by operating the tube extruding machine at a higher manufacturing speed ahead of the roll exchange.
In so doing, it is advantageous if the control unit controls the manufacturing speed of at least one machine in such a way that the filling level of at least one transport and/or storage device approaches a target value. It is preferable if one machine is controlled such that the filling level of the following transport and/or storage device approaches a target value.
Moreover, it is advantageous if this target value is adjusted by the control unit during the course of the production. This makes it possible to reduce the target value for the depository occupancy of the preceding transport and/or storage device and/or increase the target value for the depository occupancy of the following transport and/or storage device in connection with an impending reduction of the manufacturing speed of a machine.
In so doing, the target value can adopt different numerical values. They can range between an upper limit and a lower limit, where the limits are within the storage volume. These numerical values can be relative values to the maximum storage volume. For example, the target values can range between 10% and 90% of the maximum storage volume of the corresponding transport and/or storage device. These limits can also be measured with set values, such as the number of sacks or number of sack stacks. In another embodiment of the invention, it is provided that these limits can be exceeded or reduced if unforeseeable changes of the operating parameters such as disruptions occur which result in the stoppage of a machine. The limits can be defined or operator-definable or settable during the operation. Narrower limits (for example between 20% and 80%) and correspondingly greater storage reserves can be advantageous if higher failure rates are suspected. Likewise, broader limits can be advantageous for example if the production process is very stable.
Aside from the manufacturing speeds, the control unit also records an additional operating parameter which is capable of influencing the optimal manufacturing speed. These operating parameters can be classified into two parts. On the one hand, they are parameters recorded once, for example at the production start of an order. They include the sack format, the adhesive to be used, the scope of the order (order quantity), the diameter of the roll sleeves, specified cleaning or maintenance intervals, the curing time required for proper gluing, the maximum possible accelerations of the machines depending on the product, the maximum machine speed depending on the product and the maximum storage volume of the transport and/or storage devices. In the process, the storage volume is indicated as number of storage tube pieces, sacks or bags. The optimal machine speed can be another operating parameter. This parameter can be based on experimental values. Some of the listed parameters can be calculated by the control unit. For example, the maximum storage volume can be calculated from the sack format. These values can be entered or determined for a follow-up order already during the ongoing order, thus enabling the control unit to set and/or propose the manufacturing speeds of the currently processed order already in consideration of the operating parameters of the follow-up order. This way, potentially required change-over times are already taken into account in the manufacturing speeds.
However, operating parameters from the current production can also be recorded or calculated by the control unit. They include for example error messages from or failures of machine components, the current occupancy of the transport and/or storage devices, the residual run-time of the order or the current material roll diameters. Recording or calculating the roll diameter can be used to determine the time of the next roll exchange and hence the next machine stoppage. Other values can be used for this purpose as well. For example, the following transport and/or storage device can be filled sufficiently in advance of this stoppage (if necessary, the mentioned target value can be increased), by operating the preceding machine at a higher manufacturing speed and/or reducing the manufacturing speed of the following machine, thus allowing the following machine to continue with the production while the roll is exchanged. Another operating parameter is the required pallet exchange in the palletizer. In this case, it is also possible to empty the preceding transport and/or storage device and/or reduce the manufacturing speed of the preceding machine.
Furthermore, the machine operator can request stoppages with specified durations. During production, it is possible that a component is damaged which is acceptable for a certain period of time without impairing the functionality of the machine. The required stoppage to remedy said defect can be considered by the control unit which then proposes or specifies the stoppage time. Unforeseeable, but nevertheless necessary maintenance work can also be the reason for the need of a stoppage.
The mentioned operating parameters of the ongoing production can be distinguished further into foreseeable or calculable (impending exchanges, impending maintenance work, need for stoppages) and in suddenly emerging or changing (defect impairing the functionality of the machine) operating parameters.
Moreover, it is advantageous if the control unit visualizes at least part of the production parameters and/or information derived thereof on a display device on which the displayed parameters can be assigned to the respective system component. This allows the timely display of an impending roll exchange to be performed by the operator. The operator can subsequently perform the roll exchange without delay and the stoppage of the affected machine is reduced as a result, which ultimately increases the operational capacity.
It is particularly advantageous if different or even all of the methods presented in this published document are performed automated by the system control unit. The control unit can be equipped accordingly for this purpose. Said equipment can be achieved with programming. Said programming can also be performed with the use of data carriers or modern data transmission methods such as e-mail, chatting or remote maintenance methods.
Further exemplary embodiments of the invention can be derived from the description at hand and the claims.
In the individual figures:
Each paper web runs from the porcupine roller to the cutter block 16 which can be leaned against the backpressure roller 17. The cutter block 16 creates a transverse perforation representing the future separation line. Next, the paper webs enter a stand 18 in which the webs 6, 7 and 10 are equipped with transverse adhesive strips by means of adhesive application rollers 19 on both sides of the transverse perforations. After pooling the webs by means of the guide rolls 20, they travel across adhesive application rollers 21 by means of which the adhesive substance is applied onto the webs in longitudinal direction. The tube formation station 22 follows, which essentially comprises guide elements such as guide sheets used to fold over and place the outer edges of the webs on top of each other. The tube 23 created in this fashion then enters a separation mechanism 24, in which the tube 23 ruptures along the transverse perforation and is separated into tube pieces 25. This kind of separation mechanism is disclosed for example in EP 0 711 724 A1. A plurality of tube pieces 25 are now used to create tube piece stacks 27 in a stacking device 26, said stacks being transported away by means of a first transport device 28.
The tube extruding machine comprises a plurality of rollers which can be powered. In addition to the previously mentioned pre-stretching rollers 12, other rollers can be designed as powered rollers. The manufacturing speed can be measured with rotary encoders provided on the powered rollers (not illustrated) or with rotary encoders provided on an idle roll. As an example, the idle roll 29 comprises a rotary encoder 30. It is also conceivable to measure the transport speed of a web directly.
The circumference of the material rolls 4 and 5 can be measured with sensors 31, 32. If the diameter of the winding sleeves 35 is known, this information can be used to determine the residual amount of material and hence to predict the time of the future roll exchange. Alternatively, rotary encoders 33, 34 which measure the rotating speeds of the material rolls are an option. The time of the roll exchange can be determined taking into account the manufacturing speed.
Another sensor 36 determines the number of tube pieces 25 in the tube piece stack 27. The data of the sensors and rotary encoders 30-34 and 36 can be made accessible to the control unit 38 via a data line 37. Additional sensor and/or measuring devices in different locations of the machine are possible. They too, would be connected to the control unit 38 via the data line 37. The control unit 38 activates the drives via the control line 39. As an example, it is shown that the control line 39 activates the idle roll 12.
Also, the transport speed of the first transport device 28 is controlled by the control device 38 via a control line 40. At least one occupancy sensor 41 can be provided in order to be able to determine the filling status of this first transport device 28.
It is not illustrated that at least one printing machine can be arranged between the unreeling devices 2, 3 and the pre-stretching rollers 12, said printing machine being used to print the unreeled webs, usually one of the webs. Operating parameters can also be defined or calculated on or in said printing machine. Sensors may be available for this purpose, which monitor for instance the filling level of the print color in the color tanks. Operating parameters of the printing machine can be transmitted to the control unit via not illustrated data lines. These operating parameters can subsequently be used to set or propose manufacturing speeds of machines.
The bottom jointing machine 50 takes the tube pieces 25 over in such a way that their orientation, i.e. the orientation of the longitudinal adhesive seam is transverse to the transport direction. The tube pieces 25 are removed one-by-one from the tube piece stack by a separation device 51, which can be designed as a rotational feeder unit, as indicated in
A twin-belt conveyor 53 takes over the individual tube pieces 25 and transports them to the individual processing stations which create bottoms on one or both ends of the tube pieces 25 in a known fashion. In the process, the ends are put on in a first step, thus creating rectangular bottoms while triangular pouches are formed on the sides. Next, a valve patch 54 can be glued on. For this purpose, adhesive from a so-called glue application mechanism is applied to the valve patch and/or areas of the tube piece 25. The valve patches 54 normally consist of paper and are created by cutting off individual patches from the material 55, which is provided as a material web roll 56. Analogous to the material web rolls 4 and 5 in the tube extruding machine 1, sensors 57 and/or rotary encoders 58 can be provided in this position, which are connected with the control unit 38 via data lines 59, in order to ultimately be able to determine the time of the impending roll exchange in advance. Moreover, components of the adhesive application mechanism, such as for example an adhesive tank, can also be equipped with sensors. Amongst other things, the control unit 38 controls the circumferential speed of the powered wheel 61 of the twin-belt conveyor 53 and hence the manufacturing speed of the bottom jointing machine 50 by means of the control line 60. The pre-stretching speed of the material web 55 is also controlled in a similar fashion, which is however not illustrated.
After the valve patch 54 has been glued on, the bottom is folded shut and glued, if necessary. Finally, a bottom cover sheet 62 can be glued on to reinforce the finished bottom. The bottom cover sheets 62 are separated from a material web 63 provided by a material web roll 64. Like in the case of the valve patches 54, corresponding sensors, rotary encoders, data lines and/or control lines are provided here as well, which is not illustrated for simplicity's sake.
The sacks 65 manufactured from the tube pieces 25 in this fashion are taken over and transported away by a second transport device 66. The sacks 65 are often arranged in streams (see
As illustrated in
The palletizer 70 comprises a fourth transport device 71, which brings the sack stacks 69 within the range of motion of a gripping device 72. In each case, the gripping device 72 grabs one sack stack 69 and arranges it on a pallet 73. Sensors can also be provided inside the palletizer, for example for monitoring the current occupancy of the pallet 73. The sensors are connected with the control unit 38 via not illustrated data lines. The control unit 38 can propose and/or set the palletizing speed of the palletizer in consideration of operating parameters and manufacturing speeds of other machines.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2009 047 145.6 | Nov 2009 | DE | national |
| 10 2009 047 362.9 | Dec 2009 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2010/007112 | 11/24/2010 | WO | 00 | 7/13/2012 |
