Patent Application
20070153766
The present invention relates to telecommunication technologies and, more particularly, to mechanisms for providing call progress (e.g., audible ringback tones) to a calling party. Still more particularly, the present invention provides a system and method for providing call progress when the called party is being served by a legacy mobile station domain (LMSD) and the call origination message is from a Global Switching Telephone Network (GSTN).
A call progress signal is a mechanism for alerting (for example, by an audible, visual, physical, or other sensory indication) the calling party that the call is being processed. When the called party is using a mobile device, the process of locating and alerting the subscriber can result in latencies much longer than that normally encountered with non-mobile devices. For circuit-switched networks, when and whether call progress is generated is a function of the terminating exchange (i.e., the exchange serving the called party) local policy. Call progress in circuit-switched networks is generated in-band, that is by using the same bearer path that is also used for the calling party-to-called party voice path. The bearer path (that is, the physical connection which may include copper cables, fiber optic cable, microwave, etc.) in circuit-switched networks is established at the same time and through the same network elements as the call setup signal path.
For call delivery, the call setup signaling for the dialed telephone number is routed to an exchange for which the telephone number is assigned. The relationship between the exchange and the telephone number is static. When the dialed telephone number is assigned to a code division multiple access (CDMA) wireless subscriber (that is a subscriber that uses a wireless terminal device like a mobile station that supports connectivity to a CDMA access network) and the exchange to which the telephone number is assigned supports 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) LMSD operations, the exchange is referred to as a Home Mobile Switching Center emulation (MSCe). An LMSD network is different that of a circuit-switched network for the call setup signaling, and call bearer paths in such networks are established at different times and through different network elements. An LMSD network allows operators supporting CDMA wireless subscribers a richer set of service features that cannot be supported by a circuit-switched network.
For call delivery scenarios where the call origination message is routed to the Home MSCe through a GSTN, the Home MSCe will 1) determine if the subscriber is presently authorized to receive incoming calls, 2) locate the mobile station (MS), 3) setup a bearer connection to the bearer part of the GSTN for the call, and 4) route the call request to the MSCe or exchange presently serving the MS (assuming the MS is not within the geographical serving area of the Home MSCe). If the MS is being served by an MSCe other than the Home MSCe, then the bearer path (from the GSTN to the Serving MSCe) cannot be established until the MS has been paged and the terminal device capabilities of the MS (e.g., what type of voice codecs the MS supports) have been determined. In some situations, the time requirement for bearer establishment between the GSTN and the Serving MSCe and for the generation of call progress from the network serving the called party back to the calling party can be uncomfortable. This uncomfortable sensation (e.g., the calling party only hearing silence) may result in the calling party terminating the call before call setup has been completed.
For call delivery scenarios, it is advantageous (from the point of the network operator controlling the exchange for which the dialed telephone number is assigned) to provide call progress to the calling party as soon as possible. For LMSD networks where the call origination message is routed to the Home MSCe though a GSTN, embodiments described herein provide for the home network to generate a call progress signal until the serving network is capable to generate the call progress signal. Particularly, embodiments described herein provide for the home network to provide a call progress signal until a bearer path between the GSTN and the serving network has been established.
For a more complete understanding of the present invention, the objects and advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
The present disclosure relates generally to telecommunication systems and, more specifically, to a mechanism for providing call progress to a calling party when the terminal device supporting the dialed telephone number is being served by an MSCe outside the serving area of the Home MSCe to which the GSTN call origination message was routed to. Call progress is referred to herein as a signal (e.g., an audible signal, visual signal, physical signal, or another sensory indication) sent to the calling party prior to the called party answering that informs the calling party that call establishment is proceeding.
It is to be understood that the following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of various embodiments. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. In addition, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed.
Telecommunications system 100 may include first and second packet LMSD networks 1 and 2 that may communicate with one another across reference points yy and zz. In the illustrative examples provided herein, network 1 is a home network to a mobile station (MS) 60 and includes a home location register emulator (HLRe) 15 and a call control entity, such as a mobile switching control emulator (MSCe) 17. Additionally, network 1 also includes a media gateway (MGW) 7. HLRe 15 manages the subscriber profile for voice services (e.g., Three Way Calling, Call forwarding, and the like) and data services (e.g., Priority). Subscriber profile information may be accessed from HLRe 15 or may be downloaded to a system serving the subscriber system as needed. In the present example, HLRe 15 is the home HLRe to MS 60, and thus the directory number of MS 60 is registered as such with HLRe 15.
In
Network 2 includes a call control entity, such as MSCe 45, that interfaces with a MGW 47. Additionally, MSCe 45 interfaces with a visitor location register (VLR) 41. VLR 41 maintains temporary subscription data for mobile stations currently registered in the service area of MSCe 45. MSCe 45 communicates with a base station (BS) 44 using interface 43. Base station 44 communicates with MS 60 over the radio interface. Network 2 also includes support for an MGW 47 to base station 44 bearer interface 27 and MSCe 45 to MGW 47 signaling interface 39.
In general, for delivering a call that originated from GSTN 44 to MS 60 that is presently being served by a network other than its home network, MSCe 17 will determine whether MS 60 is allowed to receive calls by communicating with HLRe 15 (for example, by way of TIA/EIA-41 protocols). HLRe 15 which contains that last known network location of MS 60 will contact the last known network to determine if MS 60 is still registered in that network. HLRe 15 reports the exchange that is presently serving MS 60 (e.g., MSCe 45) back to MSCe 17. MSCe 17 determines what call control protocol (e.g., SIP or ISUP) to use for routing the call setup messaging to MSCe 45 and what type of transport (e.g., IP or SS7) should be used for communication between MSCe 17 and MSCe 45. If MSCe 17 determines that a call control protocol different than the call control protocol used by the GSTN is necessary for communicating with MSCe 45, then MSCe 17 is responsible for the conversion (e.g., ISUP to SIP).
MSCe 17 also signals to MGW 7 (for example, through employment of a device control protocol, such as the H.248 protocol) instructions for the creation of a bearer path between GSTN 44 and network 2. MSCe 17 will instruct MGW 7 as to whether MGW 7 should convert the non-packet switched (PS) bearer transport (e.g., TDM) to a PS traffic bearer (e.g., IP), or whether the non-PS bearer transport should remain unchanged.
MSCe 45, upon receiving a call request from MSCe 17, will attempt to page MS 60 by communicating a Paging Request to BS 44 (for example, by way of interoperability specification (IOS) protocols) over interface 43. After MS 60 answers the page, BS 44 will determine MS 60 capabilities (e.g., the voice codecs supported by MS 60) and relay them to MSCe 45. MSCe 45 signals to MGW 47 (for example, through employment of a device control protocol, such as the H.248 protocol) instructions for the creation of a bearer path between MGW 7 and BS 44. Based upon information received in the call request from MSCe 17 and MS 60 capabilities, MSCe 45 may also instruct MGW 47 to place a transcoder in the bearer path between MGW 7 and BS 44.
Network 1, with its included network entities and associated interfaces, comprises a wireless network such as a LMSD network. Network 2, with its included network entities and associated interfaces, also comprises a wireless network such as a LMSD network. Network entities including HLRe 15, MSCe 17, MSCe 45, MGW 7, MGW 47, and interfaces 27, 34, 38, 39, 43, yy, and zz can employ protocols based on existing open-standards. Examples of open-standards are H.248 for interfaces 38 and 39, SIP for interface zz, IP or ATM for interface yy, and IOS for interface 43.
The network architecture model depicted in
Networks 1 and 2 may have the capability of processing mobility management and call control messages. That is, MSCe 45 is also capable of supporting call control signaling for MS 60 to originate a call.
A serving network, as referred to herein, comprises a network in which the terminal device is currently registered. Call progress is referred to herein as a signal (e.g., an audible signal, a visual signal, a physical signal, or another sensory indication) sent to the calling party prior to the called party answering that informs the calling party that call establishment is proceeding.
Embodiments described herein provide a mechanism for a serving LMSD network to signal a home LMSD network to provide call progress over a bearer path from a home MGW to the GSTN. Embodiments described herein also provide a mechanism for the serving LMSD network to signal the home LMSD network to discontinue any call progress. For example, the serving LMSD network may signal the home LMSD network to discontinue any call progress provided to the originating exchange because a bearer path from the GSTN to the serving MGW has been established, and the serving LMSD network desires to provide call progress.
A call origination message is routed, possibly from a circuit-switched device 70, though a GSTN, such as GSTN 44 (step 202). The call origination message is received by the home network of the terminal device. For illustrative purposes, assume the directory number is assigned to a terminal device which in turn is assigned to network 1, and that the terminal device has roamed into network 2. Thus, network 1 is representative of the home network of the called terminal device, and network 2 is representative of the serving network of the called terminal device. The call origination message and the dialed address digits, i.e., the directory number of the called terminal device, are received by the home MSCe of the terminal device. For example, the call origination message and corresponding dialed MS address may be delivered to the home MSCe by way of an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Users Part (ISUP) Initial Address Message (IAM).
The home MSCe then commences a location procedure to identify the present location of the terminal device. For example, the home MSCe, responsive to receipt of the call origination and dialed address digits, then interrogates the HLRe associated with the terminal device (step 204). The interrogation may comprise a TIA-41 location request (LOCREQ) that includes the dialed address digits (DGTSDIAL) passed as parameters thereof to the HLRe. The HLRe then queries subscriber data maintained thereby to determine if the dialed address digits are assigned to a legitimate subscriber and an associative terminal device. Assuming the dialed address digits are assigned to a legitimate subscriber, the HLRe then identifies a VLR in a serving network where the called terminal device is last listed as registered and sends a TIA-41 route request (ROUTREQ) thereto (step 206). The route request message may include a mobile station identifier (MSID) of the called terminal device. The serving VLR then forwards the route request to the current serving MSCe (step 208). The MSCe may evaluate internal records maintained thereby to determine if the called terminal device is currently engaged in a call on the serving MSCe. The serving MSCe allocates a temporary local directory number (TLDN), and returns this information to the serving VLR (step 210). Additionally, the MSCe starts a temporarily local directory number association timer (TLDNAT). The TDLN along with any additional information for the serving MSCe is returned to the home network HLRe (step 212). The home HLRe returns a location request response to the home MSCe (step 214). The location request response may include routing information passed as parameters thereof, such as a termination list (TRMLIST) and an indication for extending the incoming call that is included in a DMH_RedirectionIndicator (REDIND) passed as a parameter of the location request. The home MSCe completes the terminal device location by translating the TLDN to a serving MSCe IP address and UDP port number pair, and a serving MSCe SIP universal resource identifier (URI).
Since the location information obtained by the home MSCe identifies the location of the terminal device as within another serving LMSD, the home MSCe is able to utilize an IP call control protocol (e.g., SIP) and a packet-based bearer transport (e.g., IP) between the home and serving network. To this end, the home MSCe maps the GSTN call control protocol (e.g., ISUP) to SIP for session establishment. Additionally, the home MSCe signals a home MGW to setup a connection that will convert the TDM bearer data of the GSTN to packet data bearer, e.g., real-time transport protocol (RTP) over IP, for data transmission across the home LMSD network to the serving LMSD network. To this end, the home MSCe establishes a context with a home MGW (step 216). Establishment of the context between the home MSCe and the home MGW may be made by way of an H.248 message that comprises two ADD commands. The first ADD command establishes a termination to the GSTN communication channel, for example a DSO on a T1 or E1 trunk, that corresponds to the incoming call origination. The communication channel mode may be set to receive only (recvonly) to facilitate fraud protection. The second ADD command establishes a termination for a bearer channel using RTP. The home MGW replies to the home MSCe by sending an H.248 Reply message containing a local Session Description Protocol (SDP) message (designated SDP-O) for the home MGW (step 218). The information within SDP-O may include items like the IP address and UDP port number for which the home MGW desires to receive bearer data on and possibly a list of transcoders that the home MGW supports.
In response to receiving the Reply message and using the information within the call origination message received in step 202, the home MSCe constructs a SIP INVITE message containing SDP-OS as payload. SDP-OS may be identical to SDP-O, or the home MSCe may elect to modify certain parameters (e.g., codecs) based upon local policy. The SIP INVITE may also contain the call origination message (e.g., IAM) received in step 202. The SIP INVITE is sent to the serving MSCe (step 220). Upon receiving the SIP INVITE message, the serving MSCe uses the TLDN to identify the association between the SIP INVITE message and the MSID received in the route request message received thereby as described above with reference to step 208. On receipt of the INVITE message, the serving MSCe also terminates the TLDNAT timer.
In a preferred embodiment, it is desired to provide some type of call progress back to the calling party as soon as possible. The serving network cannot provide call progress until after the bearer path between the Serving MGW and the GSTN has been established. Thus it is preferable that the serving network direct the home network to provide call progress to the calling party since the bearer path from the home MGW to the GSTN has already been established according to step 218. The process of signaling the home network to generate call progress commences with the serving network responding to the SIP INVITE message. The ability to instigate call progress by the serving network is facilitated by a SIP provisional response that may be returned to the home network in response to receipt of the SIP INVITE. The serving MSCe, in response to receiving the INVITE message from the home MSCe, may provide a ringing message or a session progress message to the home MSCe (step 222). For example, the serving MSCe may send a provisional ringing response (e.g., a SIP 180 ringing message) or a provisional session progress message (e.g., a SIP 183 session progress message). The provisional response, whether a 180 ringing or a 183 session progress message, may include an address complete message (ACM). For the present illustrative example, assume that the serving MSCe provides a provisional 180 ringing message at step 222 to the home MSCe thereby providing an indication to the home network that the serving network wants the home network to start generating call progress (e.g., audible ringback tones) to the calling party. Additionally, upon receiving the SIP INVITE the serving MSCe sends a Paging Request message to the BS to initiate a mobile terminated call setup (step 224). The Paging Request message contains a desired codec that the serving MSCe would like the terminated mobile to use, if possible.
The home MSCe, upon receipt of the Ringing or Session Progress message, sends an address complete message (ACM) to the exchange from which the call origination message was sent from (step 226). In the event that the home MSCe received a Ringing message from the serving MSCe at step 222, an H.248 message containing a MODIFY command is sent to the home MGW (step 228). The MODIFY command instructs the home MGW to start sending call progress (e.g., audible ring tones) back to the GSTN. The home MGW acknowledges the MODIFY message with an H.248 Reply message (step 230). If call progress from the home MGW is initiated, then call progress is sent towards the GSTN (step 232). Thus, the calling party is provided with call progress from the home network responsive to receipt of signaling from the serving network that directs the home network to provide early ringback.
Additionally, the home MSCe may send a provisional response acknowledgment (PRACK) message to the serving MSCe (step 234) to confirm receipt of the provisional message conveyed according to step 222, and the serving MSCe may acknowledge receipt of the PRACK message, e.g., by way of a SIP 200 OK message (step 236).
The terminal device eventually replies to the paging request transmitted thereto (step 238). For example, the BS serving the terminal device constructs a Paging Response message, places it in a Complete Layer 3 Information message, and sends the information message to the serving MSCe. The paging response message may include, for example, the codec chosen by the terminal device, a list of available BS transcoders, and connection information for the BS communications channel (e.g., the IP address and UDP port for which the BS desires to receive bearer data associated with a call to the terminal device).
Based on the paging response and associative information (e.g., which BS radio is actually in communications with the terminal device), the serving MSCe can select a serving MGW that has connectivity with the BS radio for establishing a context. The criteria that the serving MSCe uses to select a particular serving MGW is based on local policy. Once a serving MGW is selected, a context may be established by way of an H.248 message comprising two ADD commands. A first ADD command establishes a termination for a bearer channel using RTP towards the home MGW. The mode is set to sendrecv for a bi-directional flow.
In accordance with embodiments described herein, the serving MSCe may elect to initiate termination-side ringback once the serving MSCe obtains a paging response from the terminal device. In this event, the first ADD command conveyed in the context establishment described in step 240 may include a parameter instructing the serving MGW to initiate call progress back to the home MGW. In the illustrative example, assume that the ADD command provided by the serving MSCe includes a parameter for initiating call progress. Additionally, the first ADD command includes the remote SDP (SDP-SS) containing the connection information for establishing an IP connection to the home MGW. SDP-SS may be identical to SDP-OS. The second ADD command establishes a termination for the BS communication channel with a mode set to sendrecv and includes SDP-BS. SDP-BS contains the BS connection information received by the serving MSCe in the paging response message described in step 238. The serving MGW acknowledges the H.248 message by providing a Reply message to the serving MSCe (step 242). The Reply message includes SDP-SI and SDP-SB. SDP-SI is the local SDP for the termination towards the home MGW. SDP-SI contains the IP address and UDP port number for which the serving MGW desires the home MGW to send bearer data to for the call being setup to the termination device. SDP-SB is the local SDP for the termination towards the serving BS. SDP-SB contains the IP address and UDP port number for which the serving MGW desires the serving BS to send bearer data for the call being setup to the termination device.
In accordance with embodiments described herein, the serving MSCe may signal the home MSCe to discontinue providing call progress (e.g., in the event that the serving network desires to generate the call progress). To this end, the serving MSCe may send a session progress message, e.g., a SIP 183 session progress message, that contains SDP-SI and an optional call progress (CPG) message to the home MSCe (step 244). The session progress message includes information (e.g., the information within SDP-SI) used to set up the bearer connection between the home MGW and the serving MGW. If the session progress message contains a CPG message, the home MSCe sends a CPG towards the originating exchange (step 246).
The session progress message received by the home MSCe at step 244 provides an indication to the home MSCe that the terminating device has been located. Accordingly, the session progress message provides a trigger for the home network to discontinue call progress in the event that call progress was initiated by the home network. To this end, the home MSCe sends an H.248 message to the home MGW in response to receiving the session progress message described with reference to step 244 (step 248). The H.248 message includes a MODIFY command if the home MSCe received a session progress message in step 222, or the H.248 message includes two MODIFY commands if the home MSCe received a ringing message in step 222. The first modify command contains a remote SDP, i.e., SDP-SI. SDP-SI is the remote SDP containing the connection information of the serving MGW. The second MODIFY command, if present, terminates call progress from the home MGW to the GSTN.
The home MGW acknowledges the H.248 message by returning a Reply message to the home MSCe (step 250). If the serving network elected to initiate call progress in step 240, then call progress can be sent from the serving MGW through the home MGW to the GSTN (step 252).
The home MSCe may supply an acknowledgment of the session progress message sent thereto as described with reference to step 244 by sending a provisional response acknowledgment message to the serving MSCe (step 254), and the serving MSCe may then reply thereto (step 256).
The serving MSCe may begin setting up the called terminal device after receiving a paging response as described in step 238. To this end, the serving MSCe sends an assignment request message (ASSIGNMENT REQUEST) to the base station to request assignment of radio resources (step 258). The assignment request message includes the serving MGW connection information. For example, the assignment request message may include information from SDP-SB, such as the IP address and UDP port number for which the serving MGW desires the serving BS to send bearer data to for the call being setup to the terminal device, a request for the BS to perform transcoding (if necessary), and the codec assignment for the called terminal device. Once the BS has allocated the necessary resources, an assignment complete message is returned to the serving MSCe (step 260). Additionally, the BS sends a connect message to the serving MSCe to indicate that the called terminal device has answered the call (step 262).
After the serving MSCe has received both the acknowledgement message as described in step 254 and the connect message (that is the user of the terminal device has accepted the call request from the calling party) as described in step 262, the serving MSCe sends a SIP 200 OK message to the home MSCe that may contain an answer message (ANM) (step 264). The SIP 200 OK message acknowledges the SIP INVITE message received in step 220 has successfully been completed. The home MSCe then sends an ANM back toward the GSTN (step 266).
In the event that call progress had been previously established in the serving network, the serving MSCe sends an H.248 message to the serving MGW to discontinue call progress (step 268). For example, the H.248 message may contain a MODIFY command directing the serving MGW to terminate call progress back to the home MGW. The serving MGW then replies to the request for call progress termination (step 270). Additionally, an acknowledgement message (e.g., SIP ACK) is sent from the home MSCe to the serving MSCe to acknowledge that the INVITE acknowledgement (i.e., the SIP 200 OK) was received by the home MSCe (step 272).
The call processing routine begins on receipt of a call request by the home MSCe (step 302). The home MSCe determines (e.g., by way of steps 204-214 shown in
Returning again to step 306, in the event the called device is not located in the home network and the home MSCe has determined that an IP call control protocol (e.g., SIP) and a packet-based bearer transport (e.g., IP) can be utilized between the home and serving network, resources are set up for circuit-switched to packet-switched bearer translation (step 316). A SIP INVITE message is sent to the serving network (step 318), and the home network awaits a reply thereto (step 320). An evaluation is then made to determine if the received message is a provisional message directing the home network to provide call progress to the call originator (step 322). If the received message is a provisional message directing the home network to provide call progress to the call originator, resources are set up to provide call progress to the calling party (step 324), and processing returns to step 320 to await additional messaging from the serving network.
Returning again to step 322, in the event the message received from the serving network is not a provisional message to provide call progress to the call originator, an evaluation is made to determine if the received message is a provisional message to terminate call progress signaling to the calling party (step 326). If the received message is evaluated as a message to terminate call progress, resources used for providing call progress to the calling party are de-allocated if call progress signaling is being provided to the calling party (step 328), and processing returns to step 320 to await receipt of additional messaging from the serving network.
Returning again to step 326, if the received message is not evaluated as a provisional message to terminate call progress to the calling party, the received message may then be evaluated as a final response to the INVITE message sent to the serving network (step 330), and a final response may then be sent to the GSTN for the call request (step 332).
After a final response for the call request has been sent to the GSTN according to either step 314 or 332, any resources that have not be de-allocated for providing call progress to the calling party may then be de-allocated (step 334), and the call setup process is then completed (step 336).
The call processing routine begins on receipt of a route request that identifies a targeted terminal device (step 402), e.g., by way of the called device's MSID. The serving network then determines if the called device is located within the network (step 404). If the called device is not within the network, the network notifies the home network accordingly (step 406).
Returning again to step 404, if the called device is located within the network, the home network assigns a temporary local directory number (TLDN) for the purpose of associating any future call request to the called device and sends a route request response to the home network (step 408). The serving network then awaits receipt of a call request, e.g., an INVITE message containing the TLDN from the home network (step 410). An evaluation is then made to determine if the serving network is to direct the home network to initiate origination-side call progress signaling to the calling party (step 412). In the event origination-side call progress is not to be provided, the call processing routine proceeds to page the called terminal device (step 414). In the event the serving network determines to initiate origination-side call progress at step 412, a provisional message is sent to the home network directing the home network to provide call progress to the calling party (step 416), and the serving network then proceeds to page the called terminal device according to step 414. After the called terminal device is paged, the serving MSCe awaits receipt of a page response from the called terminal device (step 418). Responsive to receipt of a page response from the called terminal device, an evaluation is made to determine whether termination-side call progress is to be provided to the calling party (step 420). If termination-side call progress is not to be provided to the calling party, call processing proceeds to send the final response to the call request (step 426).
Returning again to step 420, in the event that termination-side call progress is to be provided to the calling party, resources are set up to provide call progress to the calling party (step 422). A provisional message is then sent to the home network to discontinue origination-side call progress if origination-side call progress has previously been initiated (step 424). Call processing then proceeds by sending the final response to the call request according to step 426. After a final response to the call request is sent, a termination of call progress is made if resources have been setup to provide call progress to the call originator (step 428), and the call setup is then completed (step 430).
The processing steps shown and described in
As described, embodiments provide mechanisms for call progress to be provided to a calling party that has placed a call to a terminal device that has roamed outside the serving area of the home LMSD network. The serving LMSD network may direct the home LMSD network to send call progress. In one embodiment, the serving LMSD network directs the home LMSD network to initiate call progress in response to the receipt of a SIP INVITE message by the serving LMSD network. The serving LMSD network may direct the home LMSD network to discontinue call progress in response to the establishment of a bearer channel from the serving LMSD network to the home LMSD network. The serving network thereafter may provide call progress to the calling party back from the serving MGW through the home MGW and the GSTN. In another embodiment, the serving LMSD network might never direct the home LMSD network to initiate call progress. After the establishment of the bearer channel from the serving LMSD network to the home LMSD network, the serving network thereafter may provide call progress to the calling party back from the serving MGW through the home MGW and the GSTN.
Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that they may make various changes, substitutions and alterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, all such changes, substitutions and alterations are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure as defined in the following claims. In the claims, means-plus-function clauses are intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents, but also equivalent structures.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US05/12796 | 4/15/2005 | WO | 10/13/2006 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60562924 | Apr 2004 | US |
