Patent Application
20120120085
This disclosure relates in general to the field of communications and, more particularly, to providing enhanced graphics in a video environment.
Video services have become increasingly important in today's society. In certain architectures, service providers may seek to offer sophisticated video conferencing services for their end users. The video conferencing architecture can offer an “in-person” meeting experience over a network. Video conferencing architectures can deliver real-time, face-to-face interactions between people using advanced visual, audio, and collaboration technologies. The ability to optimize video communications provides a significant challenge to system designers, device manufacturers, and service providers alike.
To provide a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and features and advantages thereof, reference is made to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures, wherein like reference numerals represent like parts, in which:
A method is provided in one example and includes receiving a video input from a video source coupled to a display configured for rendering a user interface thereon; generating a grayscale element associated with the user interface by evaluating alpha values related to pixels associated with the video input; generating an opacity mask; and setting red, green, blue (RGB) values equal to an alpha value of a source image for certain pixels in the source image.
In more specific implementations, the grayscale element is generated by evaluating an alpha value for each pixel associated with the user interface. In yet other embodiments, if a particular alpha value of a particular pixel is 0, then a portion of an associated grayscale image contains a black pixel. If a particular alpha value of a particular pixel is 255, then a portion of an associated grayscale image contains a white pixel.
In other implementations, the method can include setting a selected pixel to a certain color in red, green, blue, alpha (RGBA) values to indicate to a processor element a presence of the opacity mask. Additionally, the method can include evaluating graphics associated with the user interface for a RGBA color to determine whether to render the graphics on the display. More specifically, certain images are used as part of the opacity mask to mix source video with the user interface. Pixels determined to be black show passthrough video on the display, and pixels determined to be white show solid user interface pixel color on the display.
Turning to
In general terms, system 10 can be configured to capture video image data and/or audio data in the context of videoconferencing. System 10 may include a configuration capable of transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) communications for the transmission and/or reception of packets in a network. System 10 may also operate in conjunction with a user datagram protocol/IP (UDP/IP) or any other suitable protocol, where appropriate and based on particular communication needs.
In certain implementations, handset 28 can be used as a remote control for system 10. For example, handset 28 can offer a wireless remote control that allows it to communicate with display 12, camera element 14, and/or console element 20 via a wireless network link (e.g., infrared, Bluetooth, any type of IEEE 802.11-based protocol, etc.). Handset 28 can further be provisioned as a wireless mobile phone (e.g., a speakerphone device) with various dial pads: some of which are shown by way of example in
Note that handset 28 can be configured to launch, control, and/or manage UI 18. In one particular instance, UI 18 includes a clover design having four separate functions along its perimeter (i.e., up, down, left, right). The center of UI 18 can be used to initiate calls or to configure call options. The lower widget icon may be used to adjust settings, inclusive of controlling profile information, privacy settings, console settings, etc. The right-hand icon (when selected) can be used to view video messages sent to a particular user. The upper icon can be used to manage contacts (e.g., add, view, and connect to other individuals). The director's card (provided as the left icon) can be used to record and send video messages to other individuals. It is imperative to note that these menu choices can be changed considerably without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Additionally, these icons may be customized, changed, or managed in any suitable fashion. Furthermore, the icons of UI 18 are not exhaustive, as any other suitable features may be provided in the context of UI 18. Along similar lines, the submenu navigation choices provided beneath each of these icons can include any suitable parameter applicable to videoconferencing, networking, user data management, profiles, etc.
In operation of an example implementation, system 10 can be used to conduct video calls (e.g., supporting both inbound and outbound directional call flows). For the inbound call scenario, on reception of an inbound call request, console element 20 is configured to contact the paired handset(s) 28 (e.g., waking it from sleep, where appropriate). Handset 28 can be configured to play a ringtone, turn on an LED indicator, and/or display UI 18 (e.g., including the incoming caller's contact information). If configured to do so, UI 18 can also be displayed over any passthrough video sources on console element 20. If the callee chooses to answer the call with one of the call control buttons, console element 20 offers its media capabilities to the caller's endpoint. In certain example implementations, by default, audio media can be offered at the start of the call. At any time during a voice call, both parties can agree to enter into a full video session (e.g., referred to as a “go big” protocol) at which point video media is negotiated. As a shortcut, the intention to “go big” can be pre-voted at the start of the call. At any time after video media is flowing, the call can also be de-escalated back to an audio-only call. In certain instances, there could be an option to automatically answer incoming calls as immediate full-video sessions.
In the case of an ad hoc outbound call, the user can select a callee from their contact list, select a callee via a speed dial setting, or alternatively the user can enter any type of identifier (e.g., a telephone number, a name, a videoconferencing (e.g., Telepresence, manufactured by Cisco, Inc. of San Jose, Calif.) number directly). If the callee answers, the call scenario proceeds, similar to that of an inbound call. In the case of a hold and resume scenario, an in-call UI 18 signal can be provided to put a call on hold, and subsequently the call can be resumed at a later time. Note that in other instances, system 10 can be used to execute scheduled calls, call transfer functions, multipoint calls, and/or various other conferencing capabilities.
In the case of the consumer user attempting a communication with a business entity, certain parameters may be changed based on interoperability issues. For example, secure business endpoints may be supported, where signaling and media would be secure (both audio and video). Appropriate messages can be displayed in UI 18 to inform the user of the reason for any security-forced call drops. Signaling can be considered secure by having both a business exchange and consumer networks physically co-located, or by using a secure tunnel (e.g., a site-to-site virtual private network (VPN) tunnel) between the two entities.
Before turning to additional flows associated with system 10,
In regards to a physical infrastructure, camera element 14 can be configured to fasten to any edge (e.g., a top edge) of display 12 (e.g., a flat-screen HD television). Camera element 14 can be included as part of an integrated component (i.e., a single component, a proprietary element, a set-top box, console element 20, etc.) that could include speakers 16 (e.g., an array microphone). Thus, all of these elements (camera element 14, speakers 16, console element 20) can be combined and/or be suitably consolidated into an integrated component that rests on (or that is fixed to, or that is positioned near) display 12. Alternatively, each of these elements are their own separate devices that can be coupled (or simply interact with each other), or be adequately positioned in any appropriate fashion.
Also provided in
In one particular example, the call signaling of system 10 can be provided by a session initiation protocol (SIP). In addition, the media for the videoconferencing platform can be provided by Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP), or any other appropriate real-time protocol. SRTP addresses security for RTP and, further, can be configured to add confidentiality, message authentication, and replay protection to that protocol. SRTP is preferred for protecting voice over IP (VoIP) traffic because it can be used in conjunction with header compression and, further, it generally has no effect on IP quality of service (QoS). For network address translation (NAT)/firewall (FW) traversal, any suitable mechanism can be employed by system 10. In one particular example, these functions can be provided by a split-tunneled VPN with session traversal utilities for NAT (STUN) and Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE).
Signaling can propagate to a call agent via the VPN. Additionally, media can be sent directly from the endpoint to another endpoint (i.e., from one videoconferencing platform to another). Note that as used herein, the term ‘media’ is inclusive of audio data (which may include voice data) and video data (which may include any type of image data). The video data can include any suitable images (such as that which is captured by camera element 14, by a counterparty's camera element, by a Webcam, by a smartphone, by an iPad, etc.). The term ‘smartphone’ as used herein includes any type of mobile device capable of operating in conjunction with a video service. This would naturally include items such as the Google Droid, the iPhone, an iPad, etc. In addition, the term ‘signaling data’ is inclusive of any appropriate control information that can be sent toward a network. This may be inclusive of traffic used to establish a video session initially, along with any type of negotiations (e.g., for bit rates, for bandwidth, etc.) that may be appropriate for the particular videoconference. This may further be inclusive of items such as administrative traffic, account traffic (for user account management, contact lists [which include buddy lists, as detailed below], etc.), and/or other types of traffic, which are not provided as part of the media data.
In order to handle symmetric NAT, Traversal Using Relay NAT (TURN) can be used by system 10 in particular embodiments. User names for the videoconferencing platform can be provided by E.164 numbers in a particular example. Alternatively, the user naming can be a simple user ID (e.g., assigned by the service provider, selected by the user, etc.), a full name of the user (or a group name), an avatar, or any other symbol, number, or letter combination that can be used to distinguish one user from another. Note that a single name can also be associated with a group (e.g., a family, a business unit, etc.). The security for communications of system 10 can be addressed a number of ways. In one implementation, the video services (i.e., cloud services) can be protected by any suitable security protocol (e.g., security software, adaptive security appliances (ASA), etc.). Additionally, intrusion protection systems, firewalls, anti-denial of service mechanisms can be provided for the architecture (both out in the network, and/or locally within a residential environment).
Turning to details associated with the infrastructure of system 10, in one particular example, camera element 14 is a video camera configured to capture, record, maintain, cache, receive, and/or transmit image data. This could include transmitting packets over network 30 to a suitable next destination. The captured/recorded image data could be stored in camera element 14 itself, or be provided in some suitable storage area (e.g., a database, a server, console element 20, etc.). In one particular instance, camera element 14 can be its own separate network device and have a separate IP address. Camera element 14 could include a wireless camera, a high-definition camera, or any other suitable camera device configured to capture image data.
Camera element 14 may interact with (or be inclusive of) devices used to initiate a communication for a video session, such as a switch, console element 20, a proprietary endpoint, a microphone, a dial pad, a bridge, a telephone, a computer, or any other device, component, element, or object capable of initiating video, voice, audio, media, or data exchanges within system 10. Camera element 14 can also be configured to include a receiving module, a transmitting module, a processor, a memory, a network interface, a call initiation and acceptance facility such as a dial pad, one or more displays, etc. Any one or more of these items may be consolidated, combined, eliminated entirely, or varied considerably and those modifications may be made based on particular communication needs.
Camera element 14 can include a high-performance lens and an optical zoom, where camera element 14 is capable of performing panning and tilting operations. The video and the audio streams can be sent from camera element 14 to console element 20, where they are mixed into the HDMI stream. In certain implementations, camera element 14 can be provisioned as a light sensor such that the architecture can detect whether the shutter of the camera is open or closed (or whether the shutter is partially open.) An application program interface (API) can be used to control the operations of camera element 14.
Display 12 offers a screen on which video data can be rendered for the end user. Note that as used herein in this Specification, the term ‘display’ is meant to connote any element that is capable of delivering image data (inclusive of video information), text, sound, audiovisual data, etc. to an end user. This would necessarily be inclusive of any panel, plasma element, television (which may be high-definition), monitor, computer interface, screen, Telepresence devices (inclusive of Telepresence boards, panels, screens, surfaces, etc.), or any other suitable element that is capable of delivering/rendering/projecting such information.
Network 30 represents a series of points or nodes of interconnected communication paths for receiving and transmitting packets of information that propagate through system 10. Network 30 offers a communicative interface between any of the components of
Console element 20 is configured to receive information from camera element 14 (e.g., via some connection that may attach to an integrated device (e.g., a set-top box, a proprietary box, etc.) that sits atop (or near) display 12 and that includes (or is part of) camera element 14). Console element 20 may also be configured to control compression activities, or additional processing associated with data received from camera element 14. Alternatively, the actual integrated device can perform this additional processing before image data is sent to its next intended destination. Console element 20 can also be configured to store, aggregate, process, export, or otherwise maintain image data and logs in any appropriate format, where these activities can involve processor 40b and memory element 42b. Console element 20 is a video element that facilitates data flows between endpoints and a given network. As used herein in this Specification, the term ‘video element’ is meant to encompass servers, proprietary boxes, network appliances, set-top boxes, or other suitable device, component, element, or object operable to exchange video information with camera element 14.
Console element 20 may interface with camera element 14 through a wireless connection, or via one or more cables or wires that allow for the propagation of signals between these elements. These devices can also receive signals from an intermediary device, a remote control, handset 28, etc. and the signals may leverage infrared, Bluetooth, WiFi, electromagnetic waves generally, or any other suitable transmission protocol for communicating data (e.g., potentially over a network) from one element to another. Virtually any control path can be leveraged in order to deliver information between console element 20 and camera element 14. Transmissions between these two devices can be bidirectional in certain embodiments such that the devices can interact with each other. This would allow the devices to acknowledge transmissions from each other and offer feedback where appropriate. Any of these devices can be consolidated with each other, or operate independently based on particular configuration needs. In one particular instance, camera element 14 is intelligently powered using a USB cable. In a more specific example, video data is transmitted over an HDMI link, and control data is communicated over a USB link.
In certain examples, console element 20 can have an independent light sensor provisioned within it to measure the lighting in a given room. Subsequently, the architecture can adjust camera exposure, shuttering, lens adjustments, etc. based on the light that is detected in the room. Camera element 14 is also attempting to provide this function; however, having a separate light sensor offers a more deterministic way of adjusting these parameters based on the light that is sensed in the room. An algorithm (e.g., within camera element 14 and/or console element 20) can be executed to make camera adjustments based on light detection. In an IDLE mode, the lens of camera element 14 can close automatically. The lens of camera element 14 can open for an incoming call, and can close when the call is completed (or these operations may be controlled by handset 28). The architecture can also account for challenging lighting environments for camera element 14. For example, in the case of bright sunlight behind an individual, system 10 can optimize the exposure of the individual's face.
In regards to audio data (inclusive of voice data), in one particular example, speakers 16 are provisioned as a microphone array, which can be suitably calibrated. Note that in certain consumer applications, the consumer's home system is the variant, which is in contrast to most enterprise systems that have fixed (predictable) office structures. Camera element 14 can include an array of eight microphones in a particular example, but alternatively any number of microphones can be provisioned to suitably capture audio data. The microphones can be spaced linearly, or logarithmically in order to achieve a desired audio capture function. MicroElectrical-Mechanical System (MEMS) technology can be employed for each microphone in certain implementations. The MEMS microphones represent variations of the condenser microphone design, having a built in analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuits.
The audio mechanisms of system 10 can be configured to add a delay to the system in order to ensure that the acoustics function properly. In essence, the videoconferencing architecture does not inherently know the appropriate delay because of the unique domain of the consumer. For example, there could be a home theater system being used for acoustic purposes. Hence, system 10 can determine the proper delay, which would be unique to that particular environment. In one particular instance, the delay can be measured, where the echoing effects from the existing speakers are suitably canceled. An embedded watermarking signature can also be provided in each of the speakers, where the signature can be detected in order to determine an appropriate delay. Note that there is also some additional delay added by display 12 itself because the clocking mechanism is generally not deterministic. The architecture can dynamically update the delay to account for this issue. Many of these functions can be accomplished by console element 20 and/or camera element 14: both of which can be intelligently configured for performing these function adjustments.
The architecture can also send out a signal (e.g., white noise) as a test for measuring delay. In certain instances, this function is done automatically without having to prompt the user. The architecture can also employ wireless microphone 24, which can use a dedicated link in certain implementations. Wireless microphone 24 can be paired (akin to Bluetooth pairing) such that privacy issues can be suitably addressed. Wireless microphone 24 can be taken anywhere (e.g., in the room, in the house, etc.) and still provide appropriate audio functions, where multiplexing would occur at console element 20 for this particular application. Similarly, there could be an incarnation of the same for a given speaker (or the speaker/microphone can be provided together as a mobile unit, which is portable). The speaker could be similarly used anywhere in the room, in the house, etc. It should be noted that this is not only a convenience issue, but also a performance issue in suitably capturing/delivering audio signals having the proper strength and quality.
In terms of call answering and video messaging, handset 28 allows an individual to have the option of taking a voice call instead of answering a videoconferencing call. This is because handset 28 can have the intelligence to operate purely as a mobile phone. For this reason, handset 28 can readily be substituted/replaced by various types of smartphones, which could have an application provisioned thereon for controlling the videoconferencing activities. Handset 28 also affords the ability to be notified (through the handset itself) of an incoming videoconferencing call, with the option of rendering that call on display 12. A simple visual alert (e.g., an LED, a vibration, etc.) can be used to indicate a video message is waiting to be heard/watched.
The video messaging can include snapshots of video frames that would be indicative of the actual message images. In the user's video Inbox, the current videomail can include images of the actual messages being stored for future playback. For example, if the message were from the user's mother, the videomail would include a series of snapshots of the mother speaking during that videomail. In one particular example, the actual videomail is sampled at certain time intervals (e.g., every 10 seconds) in order to generate these images, which serve as a preview of the videomail message. Alternatively, the snapshots can be limited in number. In other instances, the snapshots are arbitrarily chosen, or selected at the beginning, the middle, and the end of the video message. In other implementations, the snapshots are taken as a percentage of the entire video message (e.g., at the 20% mark, at the 40% mark, and at the 100% mark). In other examples, the videomail in the Inbox is previewed by just showing the image associated with that particular user ID that authored the video message.
In operation of an example involving a user watching a normal television program on display 12, an incoming call can be received by the videoconferencing platform. The notification can arrive even if the television is off (e.g., through speakers of system 10). If an individual chooses to answer the call, then the videoconferencing platform takes over the television. In one example involving a digital video recorder (DVR), the programming can be paused. In other examples, the user can keep the call minimized so (for example) a user could speak with a friend while watching a football game. Console element 20 can be configured to record a message, and then send that message to any suitable next destination. For example, the user can send a link to someone for a particular message. The user can also use Flip Share or YouTube technology to upload/send a message to any appropriate destination. In a general sense, the messages can be resident in a network cloud such that they could still be accessed (e.g., over a wireless link) even if the power were down at the residence, or if the user were not at the residence.
The user can also switch from a video call to handset 28, and from handset 28 back to a video call. For example, the user can initiate a call on a smartphone and subsequently transition it to the videoconferencing display 12. The user can also do the reverse, where the user starts at the videoconferencing platform and switches to a smartphone. Note that wireless microphone 24 can operate in a certain, preferred range (e.g., 12 to 15 feet), where if the individual moves further away from that range, users could elect to transition to handset 28 (in a more conventional telephony manner). Consider the case where the room becomes noisy due to family members, and the user on the videoconferencing call elects to simply switch over to a smartphone, to a given landline, etc.
Motion detection can also be used in order to initiate, or to answer video calls. For example, in the case where a remote control is difficult to find in a living room, a simple hand-waving gesture could be used to answer an incoming video call. Additionally, the system (e.g., camera element 14 cooperating with console element 20) can generally detect particular body parts in order to execute this protocol. For example, the architecture can distinguish between a dog running past display 12, versus handwaving being used to answer an incoming call. Along similar lines, the user can use different gestures to perform different call functions (e.g., clasping his hands to put a call on hold, clapping his hands to end the call, pointing in order to add a person to a contact list, etc.).
Note that Wi-Fi is fully supported by system 10. In most videoconferencing scenarios, there can be massive amounts of data (much of which is time critical) propagating into (or out of) the architecture. Video packets (i.e., low-latency data) propagating over a Wi-Fi connection can be properly accommodated by system 10. In one particular example, nonmoving (static) background images can be segmented out of the video image, which is being rendered by display 12. The architecture (e.g., through console element 20) can then lower the bit rate significantly on those images. Allocations can then be made for other images that are moving (i.e., changing in some way). In certain example implementations, face-detection algorithms can also be employed, where the video is optimized based on those algorithm results.
Certain phone features allow for handset 28 to offer speed dialing, and a mechanism for saving contacts into a contact list. Calls can be made to users on the speed dial list or the contact list with a single button push on handset 28. Additionally, calls can be initiated using either the UI of handset 28, or the on-screen UI 18. Furthermore, calls can be initiated from a web portal, where the caller can confirm call initiation at the endpoint by pressing voice-only, or a video call button on handset 28. Also, calls can be initiated from other web pages via a call widget (e.g., calling a person by clicking on his Facebook object). In addition, the caller can look up a recipient in an online directory (e.g., a directory of all Telepresence users stored in a database), place a call to that recipient, and save the recipient's contact information into the contact list. In terms of receiving videoconferencing calls, incoming calls can be accepted with a single button push on handset 28. Call recipients have the opportunity to accept or reject a call. Rejected calls can be routed to videomail (if permitted by the recipient's safety settings).
In regards to call quality, if the available bandwidth decreases during a call, the video resolution is scaled down, as appropriate. If the available bandwidth increases during a call, the video resolution can be scaled up. An on-screen icon can be provided on display 12 to inform the user of the quality of his videoconferencing experience. The purpose of this information can be to inform the user of a poor experience, potentially being caused by network conditions, and that the user can improve his experience by upgrading his broadband service. When communicating with a Webcam, the picture on display 12 can be windowed inside a black frame: regardless of the actual quality of the Webcam video.
In regards to videomail, when a call cannot be answered in real time, it is not lost, but rather, forwarded automatically to videomail. Videomail can be accessed from the videoconferencing system, a web portal, a smartphone, laptop, or any other suitable endpoint device to be used by a user. Note that the user is afforded the ability to set a designated interval for when an incoming counterparty would be relegated to the user's videomail Inbox. The term ‘designated interval’ is inclusive of a number of rings, a certain time period (e.g., in seconds), or a zero interval, in which case the counterparty's video call request would be immediately routed to the user's videomail. In certain embodiments, the ‘designated interval’ has a default configured by an administrator.
Videomail can be stored in the network (e.g., in the cloud) in particular implementations of system 10. Alternatively, the videomail can be stored locally at the consumer's residence (e.g., at a laptop, a personal computer, an external hard drive, a server, or in any other appropriate data storage device). Videomail can be played with the following minimum set of playback controls: Play, Pause, Stop, Fast or Skip Forward, Fast or Skip Reverse, Go Back to Start. In a particular implementation, videomail is only viewed by the intended recipient. Notifications of new videomail can be sent to other devices by short message service (SMS) text message (e.g., to a mobile device) or by email. An immediate notification can also be shown on handset 28. For video recordings, videos can be recorded and stored in the network for future viewing and distribution (e.g., as part of video services, which are detailed below with reference
In terms of media sharing, system 10 can provide a simple mechanism for sharing digital photos and videos with removable flash media, flash and hard-drive high definition digital camcorders, digital still cameras, and other portable storage devices. This can be fostered by supporting an external USB connection for these devices to the USB port, which can be provisioned at console element 20, display 12, camera element 14, a proprietary device, or at any other suitable location.
The media sharing application (e.g., resident in console element 20) supports playback of compressed AV file media that is stored on the USB device. Furthermore, this media sharing can be supported via an external HDMI connection for these devices to the HDMI port. System 10 can also provide a mechanism for sharing digital photos and videos that are on a computer, on a Network Attached Storage (NAS) device, on the local network, etc. The mechanism can be universal plug and play (UPnP)/digital living network alliance (DLNA) renderer compliant. The media sharing application can also provide a mechanism for sharing digital photos and videos that are on either a photo or video sharing site (e.g., Flickr, YouTube, etc.), as discussed herein.
System 10 can also provide a mechanism for viewing broadcast HDTV programs (e.g., watching the Superbowl) with the HDTV set-top box HDMI AV feed displayed in picture-in-picture (PIP) with the call video. Continuing with this example, the Super Bowl broadcast feed can be from a local set-top box 32 and not be shared. Only the call video and voice would be shared in this example. The audio portion of the call can be redirected to handset 28 (e.g., speakerphone by default). The audio from the local TV can be passed through to HDMI and optical links (e.g., TOSlink outputs).
In an example scenario, initially the game video can fill the main screen and the call video could be in the smaller PIP. The audio for the game can pass through the box to the television, or to AV receiver surround-sound system. The audio for the video call would be supported by handset 28. In a different scenario, while watching the game, where one caller prefers to switch the main screen from the game to the video call (e.g., during halftime), then the following activities would occur. [Note that this is consistent with the other PIP experiences.] The call video can fill the main screen, where the game fills the smaller PIP window. The audio for the video call can move to the TV or to the AV receiver surround-sound system, and the game audio can switch to handset 28. Note that none of these activities requires the user to be “off camera” to control the experience: meaning, the user would not have to leave his couch in order to control/coordinate all of these activities.
In one particular example, console element 20 and camera element 14 can support any suitable frame rate (e.g., a 50-60 frames/second (fps) rate) for HD video for local, uncompressed inputs and outputs. Additionally, the video (e.g., the HDMI 1.3 video) can be provided as a digital signal input/output for local, uncompressed inputs and outputs. There is a passthrough for high-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) data for local, uncompressed inputs and outputs from HDMI.
In regards to audio support, HDMI audio can be provided as a digital signal input/output. There can also be a stereo analog line-level output to support legacy devices in the environment. This is in addition to a digital audio output, which may be in the form of an optical link output such as a TOSlink output. For the audiovisual switching activities, audio and video can be patched from inputs, videoconferencing video, or other generated sources, to a local full-screen output. The architecture can offer a protocol for automatically turning on and selecting the correct source of the HDTV (along with any external audio system, when the audiovisual configuration allows for this while answering a call). This feature (and the other features of handset 28) can be implemented via infrared, Bluetooth, any form of the IEEE 802.11 protocol, HDMI-Consumer Electronics Control (CEC), etc.
In regards to camera element 14, the architecture can provide a full-motion video (e.g., at 30 fps). Participants outside of the range may be brought into focus via autofocus. Camera element 14 can provide identification information to console element 20, a set-top satellite, and/or any other suitable device regarding its capabilities. Camera element 14 can be provisioned with any suitable pixel resolution (e.g., 1280×720 pixel (720 p) resolution, 1920×1080 pixel (1080 p) resolution, etc.). If depth of focus is greater than or equal to two meters, then manual focus can be suggested for setup activities, and the autofocus feature/option would be desirable for the user. In operation, the user can manually focus camera element 14 on his sofa (or to any other target area) during setup. If successful, this issue would not have to be revisited. If depth of focus is less than or equal to one meter (which is commonly the case) then autofocus can be implemented. A digital people-action finder may also be provisioned for system 10 using camera element 14. Both pan and tilt features are available manually at setup, and during a video call. Similarly, zoom is available manually at set-up time, and during a video call.
Handset 28 may be equipped with any suitable microphone. In one particular implementation, the microphone is a mono-channel mouthpiece microphone optimized for capturing high quality audio in a voice range. The microphone may be placed to optimize audio capture with standard ear-mouth distance. Handset 28 can have a 3.5 mm jack for a headphone with microphone. Note that system 10 can support Home Network Administration Protocol (HNAP) and, further, be compatible with Network Magic, Linksys Easy-Link Advisor, or any other suitable home network management tool.
In one example, handset 28 has an infrared transmitter for controlling standard home theatre components. The minimum controls for handset 28 in this example can be power-on, input select, volume up/down, and audio output mute of the TV and AV receiver. Console element 20 (along with camera element 14) can have an infrared receiver to facilitate pairing of the videoconferencing system with other remote controls, which can allow other remotes to control the videoconferencing system. Suitable pairing can occur either by entering infrared codes into handset 28, or by pointing a remote from the target system at an infrared receiver of the videoconferencing system (e.g., similar to how universal remotes learn and are paired).
For call management, system 10 can allow a user to initiate, accept, and disconnect calls to and from voice-only telephones (e.g., using handset 28 in a voice-only mode). Call forwarding can also be provided such that video calls are forwarded between console elements 20 at each endpoint of the video session. Additionally, announcements can be provided such that a default announcement video can be played to callers who are leaving a videomail. A self-view is available at any time, and the self-view can be triggered through a user demand by the user pressing a button on handset 28. The self-view can be supported with a mirror mode that shows the reverse image of the camera, as if the user was looking in a mirror. This can occur at any time, including while idle, while on a videoconferencing call, while on an audio-only call, etc.
Any number of traffic management features can be supported by system 10. In a simple example, system 10 can allow a point-to-point connection to be made between two home video conferencing systems. A connection can also be made between a home video conferencing system and an enterprise videoconferencing system. The packets associated with the call may be routed through a home router, which can direct the packets to an exchange or a gateway in the network. The consumer endpoint does not need to support the second data channel; any shared content can be merged into the main data stream. A multipoint connection can be made between a combination of three or more home and enterprise videoconferencing systems.
In operation, the VPN is leveraged in order to transmit administrative and signaling traffic to the network. Additionally, the media data (e.g., voice and video) can be exchanged outside of that link (e.g., it can be provisioned to flow over a high bandwidth point-to-point link). This linking can be configured to protect administrative and signaling traffic (which may be inclusive of downloads), while simultaneously conducting high-speed data communications over the point-to-point pathway.
In the particular example of
The objects within video services 56 are network elements that route or that switch (or that cooperate with each other in order to route or switch) traffic and/or packets in a network environment. As used herein in this Specification, the term ‘network element’ is meant to encompass servers, switches, routers, gateways, bridges, loadbalancers, firewalls, inline service nodes, proxies, processors, modules, or any other suitable device, component, element, or object operable to exchange information in a network environment. This network element may include any suitable hardware, software, components, modules, interfaces, or objects that facilitate the operations thereof. This may be inclusive of appropriate algorithms and communication protocols that allow for the effective exchange (reception and/or transmission) of data or information.
Note that videomail server 60 may share (or coordinate) certain processing operations between any of the elements of video services 56. Using a similar rationale, their respective memory elements may store, maintain, and/or update data in any number of possible manners. In one example implementation, videomail server 60 can include software to achieve the video processing applications involving the user, as described herein. In other embodiments, these features may be provided externally to any of the aforementioned elements, or included in some other network element to achieve this intended functionality. Alternatively, several elements may include software (or reciprocating software) that can coordinate in order to achieve the operations, as outlined herein. In still other embodiments, any of the devices of the FIGURES may include any suitable algorithms, hardware, software, components, modules, interfaces, or objects that facilitate these switching operations.
In certain instances, videomail 60 can be provisioned in a different location, or some other functionalities can be provided directly within the videoconferencing platform (e.g., within console element 20, camera element 14, display 12, etc.). This could be the case in scenarios in which console element 20 has been provisioned with increased intelligence to perform similar tasks, or to manage certain repositories of data for the benefit of the individual user.
Turning to specific details associated with the chroma-key anti-aliasing activities, most consumer products cover a full screen that provides a canvas on which any suitable graphic could be provided. Given the block pixel nature of high-definition televisions, creating a smooth curve on top of passthrough video is difficult. Typically, when full-screen products seek to show a menu, blunt box-like shapes are shown. Moreover, the resultant typically looks jagged, and does not show a smooth curve. In contrast to these products, the user interface graphic (shown in a clover shape) is a noninvasive passthrough user interface, which is rendered with smooth rounded edges for the user. To achieve the smooth rounded edge presentation, the architecture of the present disclosure can apply two techniques: chroma-keying and anti-aliasing. Chroma-keying in this context refers to using a specific Red, Blue, and Green (RGB) color, and designating it to represent a passthrough color to the underlying video. This naturally aligns with how blue-screen and green-screen visual effects generally operate.
In operational terms, a processor (e.g., processor 102, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.) evaluates every pixel in the user interface of the display. When the processor detects the chroma-color being used for a pixel, it replaces the pixel with background video instead of the user interface color. The user interface would still be left looking jagged (even though an attempt is being made to depict a curve). The architecture accommodates this issue by specifying another chroma-key color: one that represents background video being darkened by some percentage (e.g. 50%). Subsequently, the system can change the artwork for the curved user interface and, in addition to the original passthrough color, the system can drop the second chroma-key color in between the steps of the jagged curve. This allows the 50% darkened video to blend more gently into the user interface: resulting in the illusion of a smoother curve. The more chroma-key colors being specified, the more the system can anti-alias the curve to appear smoother. Note that there should be some limit in specifying chroma-keys because exhausting this parameter can encroach on the number of colors allowed to be used in the user interface. This is because each color can represent either a UI pixel color, or a background video (i.e., a color darkened to a specified amount).
Hence, an initial determination is made to identify a match for the pixel. Where a match is found, a determination is made as to how much to darken the passthrough video signal for that particular pixel. The color itself (i.e., the RGB values) would dictate the darkening parameter in certain example implementations. This allows the architecture to selectively darken a pixel of video in order to smooth a rounded edge on a given display of the video session.
Turning to the operations associated with the opacity render mask, certain aspects of the present disclosure can offer additional enhancements for smoothing edges in video processing. For high-definition televisions, images are generally composed of square pixels that have a color definition specified by a certain amount of Red, Blue, and Green color (RGB). To achieve the smooth rounded button effect in the user interface, the architecture can leverage an extra parameter known as Alpha: resulting in an RGBA color value for a specific pixel. Each parameter can have 256 possible values, from 0 to 255. An RGB value of (0, 0, 0) is pure black, whereas a value of (255,255,255) is pure white. A value of (255,0,0) is pure red whereas a value of (0,0,255) is pure blue. An alpha value of 0 is completely transparent, and a value of 255 is completely opaque.
To present a smooth curved user interface on a given display during the video session, the architecture initially creates the rounded graphics with anti-aliased images. Stated in different terminology, the curves can be smoothed with pixels that are partially transparent. The amount of transparency can be specified by the Alpha value for that pixel. These partially transparent pixels can blend with the pixel color of the passthrough television source behind the user interface.
When it is time to draw/render the user interface on the screen, the rendering code creates a grayscale version of the user interface. This grayscale version of the user interface is created by checking the Alpha value for each pixel in the user interface. If the Alpha value is 0 for a pixel, the grayscale image contains a black pixel. Where the Alpha value is 255 for a pixel, the grayscale image contains a white pixel. This is achieved by creating a new image (called an opacity mask) and setting its RGB values equal to the Alpha value of the source image for every pixel in the source image. In other words, the architecture can begin at the top-left corner of the source user interface image and move to the pixels from left to right, and from top to bottom. The RGBA color for that initial pixel is ascertained (e.g., 128,32,192,255), and the system can set the RGB values (for the same pixel in the new image) to the Alpha value of the source image, in this case (255,255,255), which is completely white.
After the new grayscale image is created, a processor can set pixel X,Y (0,0) to a color value of RGBA (0,0,0,0). This indicates to the processor that the opacity mask has been created. The processor is constantly evaluating the user interface graphics for a color of (0,0,0,0) in position (0,0). When it sees this value, it knows that this image is an opacity mask and that it should not render it to the screen. Instead, the processor (e.g., an FPGA) uses this image as an opacity mask to mix the source video with the user interface. Each pixel that is black (0,0,0) would show the passthrough video completely. Any pixel that is white (255,255,255) would show no video: only the solid UI pixel color. Additionally, every pixel that has a value in between these boundaries would cause the processor to mix the pixel color of the source video with the pixel color of the user interface. After a frame of video is mixed together, it is sent out to the television for display. The viewer would not see the grayscale render mask: only the resulting picture of the source video mixed with the user interface on top.
Note that in certain example implementations, the video processing functions outlined herein may be implemented by logic encoded in one or more tangible media (e.g., embedded logic provided in an application specific integrated circuit [ASIC], digital signal processor [DSP] instructions, software [potentially inclusive of object code and source code] to be executed by a processor, or any other similar machine, etc.). In some of these instances, a memory element [as shown in
Note that the equipment of
All of the aforementioned devices may further keep information in any suitable memory element (e.g., random access memory (RAM), ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, ASIC, etc.), software, hardware, or in any other suitable component, device, element, or object where appropriate and based on particular needs. Any of the memory items discussed herein (e.g., database, table, key, queue, etc.) should be construed as being encompassed within the broad term ‘memory element.’ Similarly, any of the potential processing elements, modules, and machines described in this Specification should be construed as being encompassed within the broad term ‘processor.’ Console elements 20, 100 and/or camera element 14 can also include suitable interfaces for receiving, transmitting, and/or otherwise communicating data or information in a network environment.
Note that with the examples provided herein, interaction may be described in terms of two, three, or four elements. However, this has been done for purposes of clarity and example only. In certain cases, it may be easier to describe one or more of the functionalities of a given set of flows by only referencing a limited number of elements. It should be appreciated that system 10 (and its teachings) are readily scalable and can accommodate a large number of components, as well as more complicated/sophisticated arrangements and configurations. Accordingly, the examples provided should not limit the scope or inhibit the broad teachings of system 10 as potentially applied to a myriad of other architectures.
It is also important to note that the steps in the preceding flow diagrams illustrate only some of the possible signaling scenarios and patterns that may be executed by, or within, system 10. Some of these steps may be deleted or removed where appropriate, or these steps may be modified or changed considerably without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, a number of these operations have been described as being executed concurrently with, or in parallel to, one or more additional operations. However, the timing of these operations may be altered considerably. The preceding operational flows have been offered for purposes of example and discussion. Substantial flexibility is provided by system 10 in that any suitable arrangements, chronologies, configurations, and timing mechanisms may be provided without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure.
Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to particular arrangements and configurations, these example configurations and arrangements may be changed significantly without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For example, although the present disclosure has been described with reference to particular communication exchanges involving certain server components, system 10 may be applicable to other protocols and arrangements (e.g., those involving any type of videoconferencing scenarios). Additionally, although camera element 14 has been described as being mounted in a particular fashion, camera element 14 could be mounted in any suitable manner in order to suitably capture video images. Other configurations could include suitable wall mountings, aisle mountings, furniture mountings, cabinet mountings, upright (standing) assemblies, etc., or arrangements in which cameras would be appropriately spaced or positioned to perform its functions.
Furthermore, the users described herein are simply individuals within the proximity, or within the field of view, of display 12. Audience members can be persons engaged in a video conference involving other individuals at a remote site. Audience members can be associated with corporate scenarios, consumer scenarios, residential scenarios, etc. or associated with any other suitable environment to which system 10 may be applicable.
Moreover, although the previous discussions have focused on videoconferencing associated with particular types of endpoints, handheld devices that employ video applications could readily adopt the teachings of the present disclosure. For example, iPhones, iPads, Google Droids, personal computing applications (i.e., Desktop video solutions), etc. can readily adopt and use the enhanced video processing operations detailed above. Any communication system or device that encodes or renders video data would be amenable to the video features discussed herein. Numerous other changes, substitutions, variations, alterations, and modifications may be ascertained to one skilled in the art and it is intended that the present disclosure encompass all such changes, substitutions, variations, alterations, and modifications as falling within the scope of the appended claims.
Additionally, system 10 can involve different types of counterparties, where there can be asymmetry in the technologies being employed by the individuals. For example, one user may be using a laptop, while another user is using the architecture of system 10. Similarly, a smartphone could be used as one individual endpoint, while another user continues to use the architecture of system 10. Also, Webcams can readily be used in conjunction with system 10. Along similar lines, multiparty calls can readily be achieved using the teachings of the present disclosure. Moreover, although system 10 has been illustrated with reference to particular elements and operations that facilitate the communication process, these elements and operations may be replaced by any suitable architecture or process that achieves the intended functionality of system 10.
