Patent Grant
12080163
The present invention generally relates to a system and method for providing traffic congestion relief. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system and method for providing traffic congestion relief by receiving data from traffic and speed sensing monitors and, based on that data, operating a lighted lane markings, such as LED in-pavement lane markings, to change the widths and number of the traffic lanes, thus maximizing the number of lanes based on congestion and speed of the vehicles and increasing road traffic carrying capacity.
Federal and state highway design manuals incorporate standards which provide operational road maximization based on optimal driving conditions. For example, road geometrics are utilized based on maximum design speeds. Because these geometrics are static, the geometrics cannot change or adapt regardless of the real time operations of traffic on a road. Therefore, when the designed vehicle travel speeds are achievable, the roads function in acceptable fashion with specified design standards and geometrics. However, at other times when the designed vehicle travel speeds are not achievable due to, for example, congestion caused by over capacity of the traditional road design parameters, the road functions in a much less efficient manner Hence, traffic jams, congestion, slower commuting travel, increased air pollution due to stop and go traffic, traffic speeds less than the designed vehicle travel speeds, and other undesirable circumstances occur.
Examples of guidelines for these type of lane configurations are set forth by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). For example, in urban areas where pedestrian crossings, right-of-way, or existing development place stringent controls on lane widths, the use of 3.3-m (11-ft) lanes may be appropriate. Lanes that are 3.0 m (10 ft) wide are also acceptable on low-speed facilities, and lanes 2.7 m (9 ft) wide may be appropriate on low-volume roads in rural and residential areas. Further information is available in the NCHRP Report 362, Roadway Widths for Low-Traffic Volume Roads (45). In some instances, on multilane facilities in urban areas, narrower inside lanes may be utilized to permit wider outside lanes for bicycle use.
Thus, traditional roads either serve a single purpose of a higher speed highways or at lower speed urban arterial, but not both. Typically, neither type of road can effectively adapt to changes in traffic volume and so on, which can often change several times during a typical day. Roadways in urban areas are designed with different standards based on the objectives of the proposed highway operations, and transportation public agencies often stipulate specified design standards of the proposed road segments. Once constructed, either the highway or the arterial will incorporate geometrics to address the proposed operational standards, thereby forgoing any geometric flexibility to adapt the road to changing needs, such as changes in traffic volume and so on.
With conventional road geometrics, it is very common for roadway operations to change during certain times of the day due to non-controllable events such as high commuter volumes experienced during peak rush hours, inclement weather conditions, or highway incidents. During these times, optimization of traffic carrying capacity is generally not achievable on conventional roads, mainly because road geometrics remain static based on the designed speed standards. For example, highway design speeds in the 50 to 60 mph range commonly mandate lane widths of 12 feet. However, urban arterial roads with higher volumes of traffic can and should operate with narrower lanes, such as 10 feet wide lanes. The narrower lanes are permissible for vehicles to operate safely and efficiently at speeds of 40 miles or less. Also, the 10 feet wide lanes may actually encourage maintaining the lower speeds in urban congestion areas, as is apparent based on studies throughout the country. Nevertheless, because the road geometrics on these conventional roads are static, the geometrics remain unchanged even if different geometrics would be appropriate to accommodate different traffic conditions.
Accordingly, in view of the above shortcomings, a need exists for an improved system and method for providing traffic congestion relief.
One aspect of the present invention provides a system and method for providing increased traffic carrying capacity of a road, such as a highway. The system and method operates to reduce traffic congestion and increase driving safety by modifying an existing roadway from, for example, four lanes to five lanes to create an additional travel lane. In particular, the system and method dynamically changes the widths and number of travel lanes using dynamic indicators, such as LED embedded pavement lights in the road surface or other types of lighting arrangements, in lieu of traditional painted lane lines. The system and method utilize, for example, functionality of an intelligent transportation system (ITS). As traffic volumes increase and speeds decrease along the road, the ITS sends a signal, such as a wireless signal, to the overhead lane controls and dynamic message signs (DMS) along the entire segment of the road of interest. The system and method send signals to change the posted speed limits and the LED in-pavement lane markings to dynamically increase the number of lanes in the road segment such that the road segment has more lanes (e.g., 5 lanes instead of 4) of narrower widths (e.g., approximately 10 feet wide each instead of the standard 12 feet wide lanes). The system and method maintain the increased number of lanes until traffic volumes reduce and vehicle are capable of operating using the original number of lanes of standard lane width dimensions. The system and method thus controls the lane markings in the road segment to transition back to the original four-lane configuration with normal speed limits.
These and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which, taken in conjunction with the annexed drawings, discloses a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Referring now to the attached drawings which form a part of this original disclosure:
Selected embodiments will now be explained with reference to the drawings. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that the following descriptions of the disclosed embodiments are provided for illustration only and not for the purpose of limiting the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
The communication device 20 can also communicate with other communication devices 20 in other dynamic indicators 16 such that the dynamic indicators 16 can communicate with each other. Each dynamic indicator 16 in this example further includes an indicator device 22. An indictor device 22 can be a lighting device, such as LED lights, fiber optic strips, light pipes, shifting colored plates, and so on, that is, for example, embedded into the surface of the road segment 18, or fixed to or associated with the road 18 in any suitable manner as discussed herein and understood in the art.
The indicator device 22 also can be any of the other type of active or passive indicator devices discussed herein, or a combination of such indicator devices. For instance, an indicator device 22 can be a surface of a dynamic indicator 16 that is illuminated by a lighting device, such as a laser, that is positioned above the road segment 18 or at any other appropriate location. An indicator device 22 can be an imprinted or painted surface that is activated or illuminated by a lighting device or energy emitting device positioned above the road segment 18 or at any other appropriate location. Also, in a smart vehicle technology application, an indicator device 22 can include an interface that provides an invisible track along which a smart vehicle (e.g., a “driverless vehicle”) is controlled to travel, thus creating a virtual lane for the vehicle. Naturally, any indicator device 22 can include a combination of these types of technologies as desired. Furthermore, each dynamic indicator 16 can illuminate a certain color. For example, the dynamic indicators 16 positioned as lane markers M can illuminate white, or a different color such as yellow or amber. Likewise, dynamic indicators 16 positioned to represent the left shoulder line LSL and right shoulder line RSL can illuminate white, or a different color such as yellow or amber. In this example, the left shoulder lane LSL illuminates in yellow or amber, in particular. Other dynamic indicators 16 positioned as the taper lines discussed below can illuminate white, or any other suitable color such as yellow or amber.
As can be appreciated from the description herein, the dynamic indicators 16 can include embedded durable LED lights, such as the LED light 24 shown in
The dynamic indicators 16, such as those including the LED lights 24, in this example can also include illumination controls which will automatically adjust based on the time of the day and during inclement weather conditions. The LED in embedded pavement lights can in this example be clearly visible during bright sunlight, but will not be overwhelming for night time driving. The brightness will be controlled automatically through the technology operational sensor system of the system 10 as understood in the art.
The LED lights 24 are embedded slightly above the elevation of the surface 26 of the pavement of the road section 18 to allow for normal plowing operations. The LED lights 24 have a design life of over 10 years, therefore maintenance is minimal. A non-connected energy source, such as an inductive power transfer source 28, can be used to power the LED lights 24. Thus, there need not be direct wire connections to the LED lights 24, which are typically the cause of maintenance issues due to corrosion. However, the dynamic indicators 16, such as those including the LEDs lights 24 as the indicator devices 22, can be powered in any other suitable manner, including wired power, solar power, and so on. Moreover, since the LED lights 24 can be one-way directional, the emitted light will not interfere with opposing traffic motorist. The in-pavement LED lights 24 could be installed using a coring drill device or any other suitable equipment as understood in the art. Also, power cabling for operation of the in-pavement LED markings can be saw cut into the pavement and sealed with high-strength epoxy, or in any other suitable manner, followed up with an asphalt topping coat or other pavement type to complete the installation.
As further shown in
As discussed in more detail below, the controller 12 includes hardware and software for controlling the system 10, and can also allow a form manual control of at least some of the features of the system 10. The controller 12 preferably includes a microcomputer with a control program that controls components of the system 10, such as the communication device 14, dynamic indicators 16 and other components as discussed herein. The controller 12 includes other conventional components such as an input interface circuit, an output interface circuit, and storage devices such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) device and a RAM (Random Access Memory) device. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that the precise structure and algorithms for the controller 12 can be any combination of hardware and software that will carry out the functions of the present invention. Also, a processor of a communication device 20 of each a dynamic indicator 16 can include similar features for controlling the communication device 20 and operating the dynamic indicator 16. Furthermore, the controller 12 can communicate with the other components of the system 10 discussed herein in any suitable manner as understood in the art. In addition, the controller 12 can employ software monitoring to detect any malfunctions of, for example, the in-pavement LED lights 24, the overhead gantry signs 40 and so on. Hence, monitoring and maintenance operations can be constantly monitored, and maintenance messages can be sent automatically to the road operations center by the controller 12. The controller 12 can also provide real-time information on energy usage due associated with the in-pavement LED lights 24 and so on.
That is, the controller 12 communicates with traffic monitoring and sensing equipment 34 as known in the art, such as an intelligent transportation system (ITS) as discussed above, which detects vehicle speeds on the road segment 18, such as slower vehicle speeds. Each unit of the traffic and monitoring sensing equipment 34 can be positioned at certain distances along the road segment 18, such as every half mile or at any other suitable distances. The traffic monitoring and sensing equipment 34 typically operates 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The traffic monitoring and sensing equipment 34 also can include equipment as known in the art for monitoring, for example, weather conditions or other conditions affecting the road segment 18. Naturally, such weather monitoring equipment and other monitoring equipment can be disposed at any suitable locations with respect to the road segment 18, and can communicate directly with the controller 12, the dynamic indicators 16, the vehicles 32 and so on. Thus, the traffic monitoring and sensing equipment 34 includes a communication device 36 that communicates information pertaining to such vehicle speeds to the controller 12 wirelessly or in a wired manner as understood in the art. The traffic monitoring and sensing equipment 34 is also capable of communicating via the communication device with the dynamic indicators 16, the vehicles 32 and any other external devices as understood in the art and described herein. For instance, the traffic monitoring and sensing equipment 34 can communicate with overhead gantry signage signal 40 as discussed herein. The overhead gantry signs 40 can be programmable and have, for example, a life cycle of 10 years or more.
Examples of functionality of the system 10 will now be described. Although the examples below mainly discuss the use of LED lights 24 as the types of indicator devices 22, any configuration of the indicator devices 22 as discussed herein (e.g., laser activated, smart vehicle technology and so on) can be used in the examples described herein. The system 10 thus allows for road segments 18 to change and adapt to different traffic volume needs of a road as necessary for purposes of optimizing traffic capacity. The road segment 18 can change its geometrics as needed in real time to provide duel service of a higher speed highway versus an urban arterial. Thus, the system 10 is operable to increase, in a safe and environmentally sensitive approach, traffic capacity in traditional roads. Also, in a smart vehicle technology application, the dynamic indicators 16 provide an invisible track along which a smart vehicle (e.g., a “driverless vehicle”) is controlled to travel.
As discussed above, the controller 12 receives information from the traffic monitoring and sensing equipment 34 (e.g., the ITS) pertaining to monitored vehicle speeds, monitored traffic volume and so on. As indicated in
For example, each of the four lanes L1 through L4 of a standard highway having painted markers has a standard width of 12 feet, and each of the left and right shoulders LS and RS of a standard highway having standard painted shoulder lines have a standard width of 11 feet. In this exemplary configuration, the beginning of the road segment 18 begins at the point on the road where the painted shoulder lines and the painted markers end. Thus, at the beginning of the road segment 18, the dynamic indicators 16 are positioned to represent the lane markers M (e.g., white dashes), the left shoulder line LSL and the right shoulder line RSL. As with standard painted lane markers, each lane marker (dash) M has a length of 10 feet, and the lane markers (dashes) Ms are separated from each other by 30 feet intervals. Also, the dynamic indicators 16 identify the left shoulder line LSL of the left shoulder LS and the right shoulder line RSL of the right shoulder RS of the road segment 18.
Furthermore, at the beginning of the road segment 18, the dynamic indicators 16 are positioned along the portion of the road segment to provide a 140 feet long taper of the left shoulder line LSL and the right shoulder line RSL to decrease the width of the left shoulder LS and the width of the right shoulder RS from 11 feet to 9 feet. This causes the width of the leftmost lane L1 and the width of the rightmost lane L4 to increase to 14 feet each. Thus, during normal non-peak traffic times, the dynamic indicators 16 making up the left shoulder line LSL, the right shoulder line RSL and the markers M outline the leftmost lane L1 having a width of 14 feet wide, the two middle lanes L2 and L3 each having a width of 12 feet, and the rightmost lane L4 having a width of 14 feet as shown in
The ITS or the controller 12 also controls the overhead gantry sign 40 to indicate that all four lanes L1 through L4 are open and speed is normal (e.g., 65 mph). Therefore, while the controller 12 receives information from the traffic monitoring and sensing equipment 34 indicating that travel conditions are normal (e.g., no congestion conditions exist), the controller 12 continues to control the dynamic indicators 16 to represent the four lanes L1 through L4, the left shoulder line LSL and the right shoulder line RSL as shown in
When the traffic monitoring and sensing equipment 34 determines that, for example, the traffic pattern on the road segment 18 indicates that there is congestion in the road segment 18, the controller 12 receives information from the traffic monitoring and sensing equipment 34 indicating that a congestion condition is being detected. Thus, as shown in
As the motorist continues to travels closer to the congestion area, the overhead gantry sign 40 along the road segment 18 at a location closer to the congested area will inform the motorist to follow the illuminated dynamic indicators 16. The overhead gantry signs 40 also provide an indication to inform the driver that the lanes on the road segment 18 will narrow and speeds will decrease (e.g., to 45 mph or any appropriate speed as understood in the art). This provides the motorist adequate time to adjust driving patterns before entering the congested area. Such information, along with the increased awareness of the different lane patterns provided by the dynamic indicators 16, improve operating safety of the vehicles 32 in the congested area along the road segment 18.
As shown in
As further shown in
The dynamic indicators 16 representing the five lane configuration extend from a location beginning within the 500 feet long transition portion at the beginning of the road segment 18, and along the entire road segment 18 to a location ending within the 500 feet long transition portion at the end of the road segment 18 as discussed below. Accordingly, the addition of the center lane L3-1 increases traffic capacity by 25 percent over the four lane configuration, and thus relieves traffic congestion without expanding the highway footprint. Moreover, by occupying a slight portion of the left shoulder LS and the right shoulder RS (e.g., 2 feet of each shoulder), the five lane configuration section easily fits within the existing pavement areas of roads such highways. The narrower lanes are also more optimal for the slower speeds and discourage higher speeds during these times of congestion, near an accident site, or during inclement weather. Thus, the narrower lanes L1-1 through L5-1 also provide speed “calming” to encourage safer operation due to congestion or other incidents, or adverse weather conditions. Also, the system 10 need not be limited changing between four and five lanes, but can be configured to change between any suitable number of lanes. For instance, the system 10 can be configured to change between three lanes and four lanes, five lanes and six lanes, and so on, depending on the number of lanes on the paved road. Also, if the width of the paved road changes in the road segment 18, the system 10 can employ an additional transition portion and, if necessary or desirable, an additional tapered portion, to further change the number of lanes within the road segment. For example, if the width of the paved road changes in the road segment 18 to be wide enough to accommodate five lanes, the system 10 can employ an additional transition portion and, if necessary or desirable, an additional tapered portion, of the types shown in
As shown in
After this 500 feet transition portion, another 140 feet taper portion exists in which the dynamic indicators 16 representing the left shoulder line LSL and the right shoulder line RSL are configured to increase the width of the left shoulder LS and the width of the right shoulder RS to 11 feet each where the painted shoulder lines and painted lane markers begin again on the road. Naturally, this 140 taper portion can begin at a location within the 500 feet transition portion, or at a position shortly after the 500 feet transition portion. Also, the lengths of the taper portion and the transition portion need not be 140 feet and 500 feet, respectively, but can be any suitable length in a manner consistent with the description herein. Furthermore, the transition portion can include dynamic indicators 16 which are positioned to represent taper lines TL1, TL2, TL3 and TL4 that taper in a direction opposite to that described above to transition from five lanes L1-1 through L5-1 to four lanes L1 through L4. In this example, the middle taper lines TL2 and TL3, in particular, illuminate in yellow or amber, but the taper lines TL1 through TL4 can illuminate in any suitable color such as white, yellow or amber. Also, during the 500 feet long transition portion, an overhead gantry sign 40 can display a signal, such as a flashing or solid red “X,” above the center lane L3-1 to indicate to drivers of the vehicles 32 that the center lane L3-1 should no longer be used. Furthermore, if the width of the paved road in the road segment 18 accommodates additional lanes (e.g., six lanes) as discussed above, the system 10 can employ an additional transition portion and, if necessary or desirable, an additional tapered portion, to enable a transition from six lanes to five lanes as the width of the paved road decreases, before decreasing from five lanes to four lanes.
In addition, as shown in
As can be appreciated from the above, the system 10 described herein saves significant costs when compared to construction costs for physically adding a lane to a road segment. The system 10 also avoids the costs and time required to acquire additional right-of-way and environmental impact studies associated with increasing the physical size of a roadway to add a lane. For instance, the system 10 can be implemented in months. The system 10 also avoids traffic disruptions commonly associated with physically widening a road, as well as changes in storm runoff, noise to surrounding areas and so on. Moreover, the decreased lane widths in the congested areas results in slower speeds which can increase driving safety.
In addition, the illuminated markers and lines as discussed above are more visible at night and during adverse weather conditions such as rainstorms, fog, ice and snow events. The system 10 can use white lighting in the dynamic indicators 16 for all interior lane markings, but utilize yellow in dynamic indicators 16 along perimeter conditions of lanes. Also, the overhead gantry signs 40 can display additional road information can be clearly and regularly provided to motorists. The gantry signs 40 can convey information on approaching backups, accidents, and other occurrences that impact the operations of the traditionally designed speed road. Additionally, the system 10 can control the dynamic indicators 16 to allows for the creation of a “fare” lanes (e.g., as designed by illumination color) to enable vehicles to travel in less congested lanes but pay for such usage.
It can further be appreciated that the controller 12 can control the dynamic indicators 16 representing the lane markers M and M-1, as well as the overhead gantry signs 40, to provide transitioning from, for example, the four lane operation to the five lane operation and vice-versa at the beginning and end of the congestion scenario as discussed above. For instance, if a known congestion scenario such as increased traffic during rush hour occurs at particular times during the day, the controller 12 can control the dynamic indicators 16 as discussed herein to provide the five lane operation during the rush hour period and the four lane operation during the non-rush hour period. Naturally, there is likely to be vehicles 32 already present within the road segment 18 when the rush hour period begins and ends. Thus, the controller 12 controls the lane markers M and M-1, and the overhead gantry signs 40, to perform this change between the four and five lane operations, and the five and four lane operations, in a manner that safely and effectively transitions the vehicles 32 within the road segment 18 into the appropriate lanes. Although for purposes of this discussion the controller 12 is described as controlling the lane markers M and M-1, it should be understood that the controller 12 is controlling the dynamic indicators 16 as discussed herein to achieve the operations of the lane markers M and M-1 as discussed herein. Naturally, the controller 12 can also control the dynamic indicators 16 that form the taper lines TL1, TL2, TL3 and TL4, left shoulder line LSL and the right shoulder line RSL in any appropriate manner as consistent with the operations described herein.
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In understanding the scope of the present invention, the term “comprising” and its derivatives, as used herein, are intended to be open ended terms that specify the presence of the stated features, elements, components, groups, integers, and/or steps, but do not exclude the presence of other unstated features, elements, components, groups, integers and/or steps. The foregoing also applies to words having similar meanings such as the terms, “including,” “having” and their derivatives. Also, the terms “part,” “section,” “portion,” “member” or “element” when used in the singular can have the dual meaning of a single part or a plurality of parts. The term “detect” as used herein to describe an operation or function carried out by a component, a section, a device or the like includes a component, a section, a device or the like that does not require physical detection, but rather includes determining, measuring, modeling, predicting or computing or the like to carry out the operation or function. The term “configured” as used herein to describe a component, section or part of a device includes hardware and/or software that is constructed and/or programmed to carry out the desired function.
While only selected embodiments have been chosen to illustrate the present invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that various changes and modifications can be made herein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. For example, the size, shape, location or orientation of the various components can be changed as needed and/or desired. Components that are shown directly connected or contacting each other can have intermediate structures disposed between them. The functions of one element can be performed by two, and vice versa. The structures and functions of one embodiment can be adopted in another embodiment. It is not necessary for all advantages to be present in a particular embodiment at the same time. Every feature which is unique from the prior art, alone or in combination with other features, also should be considered a separate description of further inventions by the applicant, including the structural and/or functional concepts embodied by such feature(s). Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the embodiments according to the present invention are provided for illustration only, and not for the purpose of limiting the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/495,757, filed Oct. 6, 2021, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/942,584, filed on Jul. 29, 2020, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 11,170,641, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/999,807, filed Aug. 20, 2018, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 10,733,878, which is the U.S. National Stage of International Application No. PCT/US2017/017961, filed Feb. 15, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/257,495, filed Sep. 6, 2016, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,536,425, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/094,446, filed on Apr. 8, 2016, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,460,618, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/297,708, filed on Feb. 19, 2016, the entire contents of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/495,757, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/942,584, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/999,807, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/257,495, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/094,446, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/297,708 being incorporated by reference herein.
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| Parent | 16942584 | Jul 2020 | US |
| Child | 17495757 | US |
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| Parent | 17495757 | Oct 2021 | US |
| Child | 18295677 | US | |
| Parent | 15999807 | US | |
| Child | 16942584 | US | |
| Parent | 15257495 | Sep 2016 | US |
| Child | 15999807 | US | |
| Parent | 15094446 | Apr 2016 | US |
| Child | 15999807 | US |
