In many hydrocarbon wells, well fluid passes through a sand screen which filters out particulates from the inflowing fluid, e.g. oil or gas. Generally, the sand screen comprises a perforated base layer or base pipe surrounded by a mesh material or other filter media disposed along the length of the base pipe. The filter media filters out sand, e.g. particulates and other solid materials, from the inflowing hydrocarbon fluid. After the hydrocarbon fluid passes through the filter media, the fluid enters the base pipe through the perforations disposed along the length of the base pipe. However, many conventional sand screen systems tend to be expensive to manufacture.
In general, a system and methodology is provided for filtering sand. For example, a sand control system may be provided with a base pipe having a non-permeable section and a permeable section in which the permeable section is created via at least one opening formed laterally through a wall of the base pipe. The sand control system also comprises at least one drainage tube positioned along an exterior of the base pipe and coupled to the base pipe in fluid communication with the at least one opening. The drainage tube is permeable and enables the inflow of fluid while preventing the influx of sand. The inflowing fluid is delivered along an interior of the drainage tube and through the opening into an interior of the base pipe for production. Flow through the at least one opening also may be controlled via an inflow control device.
However, many modifications are possible without materially departing from the teachings of this disclosure. Accordingly, such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure as defined in the claims.
Certain embodiments of the disclosure will hereafter be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like elements. It should be understood, however, that the accompanying figures illustrate the various implementations described herein and are not meant to limit the scope of various technologies described herein, and:
In the following description, numerous details are set forth to provide an understanding of some embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the system and/or methodology may be practiced without these details and that numerous variations or modifications from the described embodiments may be possible.
The present disclosure generally relates to a system and methodology for filtering sand from flowing fluid, such as from inflowing hydrocarbon fluid in a production well. As explained in greater detail below, the system and methodology also may be employed to control the inflow of fluid into a base pipe for production to a desired collection location. The design of the sand control system also allows the system to be manufactured at a substantially reduced cost compared to many conventional sand screen systems.
According to an embodiment, a well system is provided with a sand influx control system which also may be used to control the inflow of fluid, e.g. hydrocarbon fluid. In this example, the sand control system utilizes a base pipe having a non-permeable section which has a solid wall without perforations. The base pipe also comprises a permeable section which is permeable via at least one opening formed laterally through a wall of the base pipe. At least one drainage tube is positioned along an exterior of the base pipe and coupled to the base pipe in fluid communication with the at least one opening. The drainage tube is permeable and enables inflow of fluid into an interior of the drainage tube while preventing the influx of sand. The fluid flowing into the drainage tube interior moves along that interior and is directed to the at least one opening at the permeable section of the base pipe. The inflowing fluid flows from the drainage tube, through the opening, and into an interior of the base pipe for production.
By way of example, the drainage tube may serve the function of a screen by having openings through which fluids can pass while remaining small enough to block passage of sand. In some embodiments, the openings are distributed along the length of the drainage tube and the drainage tube is oriented to provide flow in the direction of the well along the length of the sand control system. The drainage tube is coupled with the base pipe to direct flow into the opening. In some examples, an inflow control device, e.g. an inflow control nozzle, is positioned in cooperation with the opening to control the inflow of fluid into an interior of the base pipe. In some examples, a plurality of drainage tubes and inflow control devices may be positioned around the base pipe to provide a desired throttling or other control over the fluid flowing into the base pipe.
Depending on the specifics of a given application, the sand control system may comprise a variety of arrangements, constructions, components, and/or cooperating components in many types of well strings or other tubular flow systems. For example, a plurality of drainage tubes may be coupled to the base pipe at different angles around a joint of the base pipe. At least one drainage tube may be coupled to the base pipe directly or via at least one housing assembly. The drainage tubes may be fastened to the base pipe via a plurality of techniques and mechanisms, including welding, brackets, and/or other fasteners. If brackets are used, the brackets also may be designed to centralize the base pipe within a casing or open wall of the wellbore. In some applications, a protective structure, such as a shroud, may be disposed around the drainage tube or tubes and the protective structure may be fastened to the drainage tube(s) to provide structural support. Additionally, the drainage tubes may have a variety of cross-sectional shapes including shapes that generally match the curvature of the base pipe and/or production tubing.
In some applications, the drainage tube may be constructed as a mesh tube. Additionally, the drainage tube may be constructed as a solid tube with slits or other openings sized to filter sand down to a desired particle size while allowing passage of fluid to an interior of the drainage tube. It should be noted that “sand” is used herein to generally indicate particulates which may include gravel, debris, and/or other types of particulates which are larger than a predetermined size. (The predetermined size may vary depending on the specific application.) The openings created by the mesh, slits, or other forms of openings serve as a filter media and may be varied along the length of the drainage tube to create different types of inflow profiles. For example, the drainage tubes may be designed to provide a higher inflow area towards an end of the drainage tube opposite the end which delivers fluid to the base pipe opening and the inflow control device.
Referring generally to
Referring again to
In
The drainage tube 42 is designed with a permeable sidewall having a plurality of openings 53 through which fluid, e.g. well fluid, enters an interior 54 of the drainage tube 42. The drainage tube 42 is further designed to conduct fluid flow along the interior 54 of the drainage tube 42 to the permeable section 48 and through opening 50 into the interior 46 of base pipe 40. In some embodiments, an inflow control device 56 (ICD) is appropriately positioned and used in cooperation with opening 50 to control the flow of fluid from drainage tube 42 into base pipe 40. As explained in greater detail below, the sand control system 34 also may comprise a plurality of drainage tubes 42 coupled to a corresponding plurality of openings 50 used in cooperation with inflow control devices 56. A variety of inflow control devices 56 may be employed, and examples comprise ICD nozzles, tortuous flow ICDs, adjustable ICDs, autonomous ICDs, ICD nozzles with corresponding check valves, or other suitable types of ICDs.
As illustrated in
Referring generally to
As discussed above, the sand control system 34 may utilize a plurality of drainage tubes 42 coupled to the base pipe 40 in cooperation with corresponding openings 50. In some embodiments, an inflow control device 56 is used in cooperation with each of the openings 50. In
In another example, three separate drainage tubes 42 are positioned along the exterior of base pipe 40, as illustrated in
Referring generally to
In a well related operation, the sand control system 34 is run in hole on well string 24 and positioned adjacent formation 28. In some applications, the sand control system 34 may include or may be used in cooperation with packer 39 to isolate the wellbore region containing perforations 30. The sand control system 34 is anchored into the wellbore 26 to create an annulus between the base pipe 40 and the wall of the wellbore 26. In some applications, a gravel packing operation may be performed to place gravel in the annulus between the base pipe 40 and the wall of wellbore 26 adjacent the one or more drainage tubes 42. However, some applications may utilize the sand control system 34 without performing a gravel packing operation.
During production operations, well fluid flows from the formation 28, through perforations 30, and into the annulus surrounding base pipe 40. The well fluid flows into the drainage tube or tubes 42 as openings 53/filter media 60 remove sand from the well fluid. The filtered well fluid flows along the interior 54 of the drainage tube(s) 42 and to the permeable section 48 of base pipe 40. The fluid is then directed into the interior 46 of base pipe 40 through the corresponding opening or openings 50. In embodiments utilizing inflow control devices 56, the fluid flow is directed through the inflow control device which throttles or otherwise controls the flow of fluid into base pipe 40 for production to a desired collection location. For example, the fluid may be produced to a surface location for collection and/or further processing.
Referring generally to
In
In
The pattern of openings 53 along drainage tube 42 may be changed along the length of the drainage tube to facilitate a controlled inflow of fluid to the interior flow path 54 of the drainage tube 42. For example, the openings 53 may have greater flow area at a position farther away from opening 50 and a more restricted flow area at a position closer to opening 50. In the graphical illustration of
If, however, the pattern of openings 53 is modified to have a reduced inflow area moving towards opening 50 and an increased flow area moving toward the end of drainage tube 42 opposite opening 50, the inflow profile can be adjusted. In some applications, the pattern of openings 53 may be selected to establish a fairly uniform inflow profile along the drainage tube 42, as illustrated by graph 94 in
Referring generally to
The overall system 20 may be constructed to accommodate a variety of flow filtering applications in many types of well environments and other environments in which sand removal and flow control are employed. Accordingly, the number, type and configuration of components and systems within the overall system may be adjusted to accommodate different applications. For example, the size, number and configuration of the sand control systems may vary from one application to another and may be combined with many types of well string equipment. In some applications, the sand control system 34 may be used in cooperation with a gravel pack placed in the wellbore, although other applications may employ the sand control system without a gravel pack. Additionally, some applications may utilize centralizers in cooperation with the sand control system 34 to position the sand control system at a desired radial position within the wellbore.
Additionally, many types of drainage tube configurations and drainage tube materials may be employed in constructing the drainage tubes. For example, the filter media 60 may be formed via openings through a relatively stiff tube, via formation of a mesh tube, via a filter material, e.g. a mesh material, placed over an inner perforated tube, and/or via other filtering mechanisms. Additionally, individual or plural drainage tubes may be combined with the base pipe. The base pipe also may be formed in a variety of sizes, lengths and configurations. The permeable section of the drain pipe may be concentrated at an individual circumferential location or at a plurality of locations along at least a portion of the length of the base pipe. Similarly, the size, number and/or configuration of the openings through the base pipe wall as well as the configuration of the inflow control devices may be adjusted according to the parameters of a given application.
The sand control system may be employed with a variety of packers or other seal systems to isolate specific regions of the wellbore. Depending on the types of fluids produced and the environment from which those fluids are produced, the components used in cooperation with the sand control system or systems may be adjusted. In some applications, for example, artificial lift systems may be positioned to receive the flow of fluid delivered to the interior of the base pipe from the drainage tube or tubes coupled to the bass pipe.
Although a few embodiments of the disclosure have been described in detail above, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible without materially departing from the teachings of this disclosure. Accordingly, such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure as defined in the claims.
The present document is based on and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/671,872, filed Jul. 16, 2012, incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
5113935 | Jones et al. | May 1992 | A |
6561732 | Bloomfield et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
6681854 | Danos | Jan 2004 | B2 |
6745843 | Johnson et al. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
7559375 | Dybevik et al. | Jul 2009 | B2 |
7814973 | Dusterhoft et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
7866383 | Dusterhoft et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
8011438 | Edwards et al. | Sep 2011 | B2 |
8146662 | Shoemate | Apr 2012 | B2 |
8256510 | Holderman et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
8919435 | Greci et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
20060237197 | Dale et al. | Oct 2006 | A1 |
20080035330 | Richards | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20100059232 | Langlais et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
20100258300 | Shoemate | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20110247813 | Moen | Oct 2011 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
2012135587 | Oct 2012 | WO |
Entry |
---|
International Search Report and Written Opinion mailed on Sep. 25, 2013 for International Patent Application No. PCT/US2013/049015, filed on Jul. 2, 2013, 14 pages. |
Leak-Off Tube Constructed of Sintered Mesh, published Apr. 4, 2011 on IP.com, publication identifier IPCOM000205879D. http://priorartdatabase.com/pubView/IPCOM000205879D. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20140014357 A1 | Jan 2014 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
61671872 | Jul 2012 | US |