Patent Grant
9178607
1. Technical Field
Aspects of this document relate generally to telecommunication systems and techniques for transmitting data across a telecommunication channel.
2. Background Art
Since the introduction of satellite communications, a recurring problem continuing to challenge the industry is how to tie a theoretical understanding of the communications path between one side of a communications path, over a satellite, and then from the satellite to the receiving station. The complexity of engineering a communications path or link between a station located on or near the earth and a space-based repeating relay is made complex, by many variables, such as the free-space path loss, the effects of weather (rain, atmospheric gasses, etc.), look angle to the satellite, ionospheric effects, troposphere effects, etc. These problems become more complex as the transmission frequency increases.
Implementations of a method of optimizing a link budget analysis (LBA) for a communications link may comprise performing, using a processor, a first LBA based on a target modulation and coding pair (MODCOD) that is selected based on one or more transmission or receiving link parameters, the MODCOD having a predetermined symbol energy to noise density ratio (Es/No), calculating, using the processor, a ratio of allocated bandwidth to a power equivalent bandwidth (PEB) for the communications link and converting the calculated ratio to Decibels, determining whether additional energy is present in the communications link by summing the Es/No for the communications link at the target MODCOD and the calculated ratio of allocated bandwidth to PEB using the processor, accessing a look up table (LUT) to determine an optimal MODCOD for the communications link wherein if the sum is a positive value, selecting a MODCOD having a higher Es/No and if the sum is a negative value, selecting a MODCOD having a lower Es/No, and altering one or more transmission or receiving parameters to apply the selected optimal MODCOD.
Particular aspects may comprise one or more of the following features. The method may further comprise performing a second LBA using the optimal MODCOD. The allocated bandwidth and PEB may be substantially equal when the optimal MODCOD is used when performing the second LBA. The optimal MODCOD selected may have an Es/No that is a highest value among possible MODCODS without exceeding the sum of the Es/No of the target MODCOD and the calculated ratio of allocated bandwidth to PEB. The optimal MODCOD selected may have an Es/No that exceeds the sum of the Es/No of the target MODCOD and the calculated ratio of allocated bandwidth to PEB by an amount that is within a predetermined range of variance of the sum. The method may further comprise performing a plurality of first LBAs based on a plurality of target MODCODs for a plurality of communications links and summing the calculated ratios of allocated bandwidth to PEB for all of the communications links to result in a total allocated bandwidth and a total PEB. The method may further comprise performing a plurality of first LBAs based on a plurality of target MODCODs for a plurality of links sharing a common transmission or receiving hub, calculating a ratio of allocated bandwidth to a power equivalent bandwidth (PEB) a maximum allocated bandwidth from among the plurality of links and a maximum PEB from among the plurality of links and converting the calculated ratio to Decibels, and determining whether additional energy is present in the plurality of communications links by summing the Es/No for the most disadvantaged communications link at the target MODCOD and the calculated ratio of allocated bandwidth to PEB based on the maximum allocated bandwidth and PEB from among the plurality of links. The communications link may be a forward link over which communications are transmitted from a local transmitter to a remote receiver. The communications link may be a return link over which communications are transmitted from a local receiver to a remote transmitter. The method may be performed using both a forward link over which communications are transmitted from a local transmitter to a remote receiver and a return link over which communications are transmitted from a local receiver to a remote transmitter. The predetermined range of variance may be a user-adjustable parameter.
Implementations of a system for optimizing a link budget analysis (LBA) for a communications link may comprise a transmitter configured to transmit a communications signal, a receiver configured to receive the communications signal and create a communications link between the transmitter and receiver, the receiver and transmitter located remotely from each other, and a processor configured to perform a first LBA based on a target modulation and coding pair (MODCOD) that is selected based on one or more transmission or receiving link parameters, the MODCOD having a predetermined symbol energy to noise density ratio (Es/No), calculate a ratio of allocated bandwidth to a power equivalent bandwidth (PEB) for the communications link and converting the calculated ratio to Decibels, determine whether additional energy is present in the communications link by summing the Es/No for the communications link at the target MODCOD and the calculated ratio of allocated bandwidth to PEB, access a look up table (LUT) to determine an optimal MODCOD for the communications link wherein if the sum is a positive value, a MODCOD having a higher Es/No is selected and if the sum is a negative value, a MODCOD having a lower Es/No is selected, and alter one or more transmission or receiving parameters to apply the selected optimal MODCOD.
Particular aspects may comprise one or more of the following features. The processor may be further configured to perform a second LBA using the optimal MODCOD. The allocated bandwidth and PEB may be substantially equal when the optimal MODCOD is used when the second LBA is performed. The optimal MODCOD selected has an Es/No that is a highest value among possible MODCODS without exceeding the sum of the Es/No of the target MODCOD and the calculated ratio of allocated bandwidth to PEB. The optimal MODCOD selected may have an Es/No that exceeds the sum of the Es/No of the target MODCOD and the calculated ratio of allocated bandwidth to PEB by an amount that is within a predetermined range of variance of the sum. The processor may be further configured to perform a plurality of first LBAs based on a plurality of target MODCODs for a plurality of communications links and sum the calculated ratios of allocated bandwidth to PEB for all of the communications links to result in a total allocated bandwidth and a total PEB. The processor may be further configured to perform a plurality of first LBAs based on a plurality of target MODCODs for a plurality of links sharing a common transmission or receiving hub, calculate a ratio of allocated bandwidth to a power equivalent bandwidth (PEB) a maximum allocated bandwidth from among the plurality of links and a maximum PEB from among the plurality of links and converting the calculated ratio to Decibels, and determine whether additional energy is present in the plurality of communications links by summing the Es/No for the most disadvantaged communications link at the target MODCOD and the calculated ratio of allocated bandwidth to PEB based on the maximum allocated bandwidth and PEB from among the plurality of links. The communications link may be a forward link over which communications are transmitted from a local transmitter to a remote receiver. The communications link may be a return link over which communications are transmitted from a local receiver to a remote transmitter. The processor may be further configured to use both a forward link over which communications are transmitted from a local transmitter to a remote receiver and a return link over which communications are transmitted from a local receiver to a remote transmitter. The predetermined range of variance may be a user-adjustable parameter.
Aspects and applications of the disclosure presented here are described below in the drawings and detailed description. Unless specifically noted, it is intended that the words and phrases in the specification and the claims be given their plain, ordinary, and accustomed meaning to those of ordinary skill in the applicable arts. The inventors are fully aware that they can be their own lexicographers if desired. The inventors expressly elect, as their own lexicographers, to use only the plain and ordinary meaning of terms in the specification and claims unless they clearly state otherwise and then further, expressly set forth the “special” definition of that term and explain how it differs from the plain and ordinary meaning Absent such clear statements of intent to apply a “special” definition, it is the inventors' intent and desire that the simple, plain and ordinary meaning to the terms be applied to the interpretation of the specification and claims.
The inventors are also aware of the normal precepts of English grammar. Thus, if a noun, term, or phrase is intended to be further characterized, specified, or narrowed in some way, then such noun, term, or phrase will expressly include additional adjectives, descriptive terms, or other modifiers in accordance with the normal precepts of English grammar. Absent the use of such adjectives, descriptive terms, or modifiers, it is the intent that such nouns, terms, or phrases be given their plain, and ordinary English meaning to those skilled in the applicable arts as set forth above.
Further, the inventors are fully informed of the standards and application of the special provisions of 35 U.S.C. §112(f). Thus, the use of the words “function,” “means” or “step” in the Description , Drawings, or Claims is not intended to somehow indicate a desire to invoke the special provisions of 35 U.S.C. §112(f), to define the invention. To the contrary, if the provisions of 35 U.S.C. §112(f) are sought to be invoked to define the claimed disclosure, the claims will specifically and expressly state the exact phrases “means for” or “step for, and will also recite the word “function” (i.e., will state “means for performing the function of [insert function]”), without also reciting in such phrases any structure, material or act in support of the function. Thus, even when the claims recite a “means for performing the function of . . . ” or “step for performing the function of . . . ,” if the claims also recite any structure, material or acts in support of that means or step, or that perform the recited function, then it is the clear intention of the inventors not to invoke the provisions of 35 U.S.C. §112(f). Moreover, even if the provisions of 35 U.S.C. §112(f) are invoked to define the claimed disclosure, it is intended that the disclosure not be limited only to the specific structure, material or acts that are described in the preferred embodiments, but in addition, include any and all structures, materials or acts that perform the claimed function as described in alternative embodiments or forms of the invention, or that are well known present or later-developed, equivalent structures, material or acts for performing the claimed function.
The foregoing and other aspects, features, and advantages will be apparent to those artisans of ordinary skill in the art from the DESCRIPTION and DRAWINGS, and from the CLAIMS.
Implementations will hereinafter be described in conjunction with the appended drawings, where like designations denote like elements, and:
This disclosure, its aspects and implementations, are not limited to the specific components, frequency examples, or methods disclosed herein. Many additional components and assembly procedures known in the art consistent with the optimization techniques for satellite link budget analysis (LBA) are in use with particular implementations from this disclosure. Accordingly, for example, although particular implementations are disclosed, such implementations and implementing components may comprise any components, models, versions, quantities, and/or the like as is known in the art for such systems and implementing components, consistent with the intended operation.
This disclosure relates to systems and methods for performing link budget analysis (LBA) optimization techniques to optimize satellite links. Implementations of the described methods provide procedures for analyzing and engineering a satellite link or links for optimal operation. The use of standard link budget analysis techniques may be the foundation of the invention, but the manner in which the LBAs are optimized, and the use of multiple links, are further used to compare one against another to allow the links be further optimized for best use of a satellite repeating relay's resources.
A typical communications satellite is comprised of one or a plurality of satellite transponders that receive communication from or near the earth. The received signal may be filtered, amplified, frequency converted, and sent back toward the earth. Engineering the links based on the free-space path loss, look angle to the satellite, weather effects, ionospheric effects, troposphere effects, etc. are well understood, but engineering the links in a manner that takes into account more than one link budget analysis (LBA) is the subject of this disclosure. The present disclosure covers how the standard LBA may be further enhanced, and consideration of multiple links to ensure all resources on or near the earth and the satellite repeating relay are fully optimized. Embodiments of the disclosed system and methods can be employed for an electromagnetic emitting device, such as Radio Frequency (RF) transmission equipment for point-to-point, point-to-multipoint and/or multipoint-to-multipoint operation.
This disclosure relates to, but is not limited to, providing optimization techniques for a link budget analysis (LBA) for a single link or a plurality of links and/or link budget analyses. Traditionally, a link budget analysis (LBA) is performed on a single link from a transmitting station, to a satellite repeating relay and then to a receiving station. In the existing art, an LBA must be done one at a time for every link. The optimization the transmission engineer strives to achieve is to ensure that required bandwidth, typically called “allocated bandwidth” is minimized and the required power equivalent bandwidth (PEB) is also minimized. In the art, the objective for the engineer is to ensure both allocated bandwidth and PEB are as small as possible, but ensure the link can meet the bandwidth requirements while achieving the desired availability of the link. For traditional link budgets, the analysis is performed by an engineer. The LBA input information may include 1) parameters about the transmit site such as for example, a type of equipment, an antenna size and/or capabilities of the amplifier; 2) parameters about the satellite such as for example, frequencies, power of the satellite, antenna size of the satellite; and 3) parameters about the receive site; type of equipment antenna size and capabilities of the low-noise amplifier. All of the aforementioned information is entered into the LBA, which may be a series of calculations, spread sheets or an executable computer program. The results of the analysis demonstrates the amount of loss or required gain to overcome the loss of the transmission link (attenuation) to support communications (close the link) over the link.
Implementations of the disclosed invention use the described techniques and results in one or a plurality of link budgets to further optimize the transmission parameters such as modulation, power, FEC and any common resources of the satellite equipment such as the transponder resources (bandwidth and power).
The algorithms used to estimate the physics of the link budget are extremely well understood, but the methods by which they are applied in a novel manner is the subject of this disclosure. Implementations of the method described provide the ability for someone skilled in the art, e.g., a satellite operator or transmission engineer/planner to gather information about the use of a transmission path and its resources.
Particular implementations of optimization techniques for satellite LBAs herein may be specifically employed in satellite communications systems. However, as will be clear to those of ordinary skill in the art from this disclosure, the principles and aspects disclosed herein may readily be applied to any electromagnetic (IF and RF) communications system, such terrestrial broadcast network without undue experimentation.
The methods described in this disclosure may employ digital signal processing (DSP) techniques such as power combining or splitting, frequency mixing, adaptive filtering or equalization, which can be easily implemented in passive and active power splitters and combiners, frequency mixing circuits, Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Programmable Logic Device (PLD), Programmable Integrated Circuit (PIC), Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) or microprocessors using conventional implementation methods known in the art with knowledge of this disclosure. Particular implementations described herein are and may use, but are not limited to, spread sheet programs, computer programming languages, or microprocessors.
Implementations of the disclosed method also may use a series of methods to further optimize an LBA. One such implementation may be broken down as follows:
Firstly, the LBA is performed with the desired modulation and FEC coding (Modulation and Coding also known as MODCOD) which may be selected by a transmission engineer. The MODCOD is chosen based on one or more estimates and is used to determine if the link may be closed. The desired MODCOD requires a known Symbol Energy/Noise Density (Es/No) ratio to support the modulation and coding format as shown in
Excess=Es/No for the link at the Target MODCOD+the Excess Ratio
The Excess Ratio is based on the Allocated Bandwidth/Power Equivalent Bandwidth and is converted to Decibels by using the following ratio as 10*Log10 (Excess Ratio). As shown above, the Excess Ratio is then added to the target Es/No. The result is the target MODCOD with the excess ratio added which is the sum total that is used with a look up table to find the appropriate MODCOD (the Optimal MODCOD). Throughout this disclosure, the term “optimal MODCOD” may be used interchangeably with “MAX MODCOD.” Even when implementations of the described methods are performed, the “optimal or MAX MODCOD” may be below the “Target MODCOD,” but the resulting MODCOD will be true “optimal or MAX MODCOD.” This optimization allows the LBA to “seek” the best MODCOD and notify the user that additional bandwidth (user bandwidth) or power may be possible when the excess (sum of the Es/No for the link at target MODCOD and the excess ratio) has a positive value. However, the user may run the LBA and the MODCOD may close below the target MODCOD resulting in a negative summed value, so in this case the user must lower the target MODCOD to ensure the link may close. In this scenario, there may not be an Excess Ratio to be used to obtain a better MODCOD.
An example of an implementation of the method is as follows:
Using the results from
Excess Ratio=Allocated Bandwidth/PEB=29.9862/9.9369=3.02
Converting Excess Ratio to dB=10*Log10(Excess Ratio)=10*Log10 (3.02)=4.80
The Excess Ratio is added to the Target MODCOD and yields:
QPSK 2/5 (Es/No=0)+Excess Margin(4.80 dB)=4.80 dB
Using
A second example of an implementation of the method is as follows:
Using the results from
Excess Ratio=Allocated Bandwidth/PEB=29.9862/16.6039=1.81
Converting Excess Ratio to dB=10*Log10(Excess Ratio)=10*Log10 (3.02)=2.57
The Excess Ratio is then added to the Target MODCOD to yield:
QPSK 2/5 (Es/No=0)+Excess Margin (2.57 dB)=2.57 dB
Using
In the existing art, to optimize a link, one must perform the LBA many times by hand using trial and error to attempt to make the PEB and allocated bandwidth equal or close to one another. A link is considered to be optimized when the allocated bandwidth and PEB are nearly equal. In this case, the allocated bandwidth and PEB are being used at “nearly perfect” balance or efficiency.
The cited examples show a LBA for a communications link in the outbound direction, but the same exercise may be performed for the inbound direction using the same or different MODCOD. In the cited examples, the outbound link uses DVB-S2, but the inbound links are using a different FEC that result in different Es/No requirements to close the link, but the procedures utilized are conducted in an identical manner. Therefore,
Another aspect of novelty of the disclosed system and method involves using a first implementation of the method of finding the optimal MODCOD in the following manner. If one uses the newly obtained “optimal MODCOD” using the first implementation of the method as illustrated by the examples above, and then re-runs the LBAs with the Target MODCOD replaced with the Optimal MODCOD, the net result is that by replacing the target with the optimal MODCOD using an implementation of the method, the allocated bandwidth and PEB bandwidth become “balanced.”
Another novel aspect of the system and method may be realized for a point-to-point link or an inbound link, such as for example, from a remote VSAT satellite to a hub earth station. The allocated bandwidth and PEB are summed for every link and the total is presented. The sum of all the links' allocated bandwidths and PEBs are summed to create a total allocated bandwidth and total PEB. However, for a common or shared link, such as for example, an outbound link from the hub earth station to the remote VSAT satellite, the allocated bandwidth and PEBs are not summed. Instead, for a shared link such as for example, a common or shared outbound link, the worst (most disadvantaged) link's allocated bandwidth and worst (most disadvantaged) link's PEB is used. A mathematical maximum function “MAX” may be used to search either the allocated bandwidth column or PEB bandwidth column of data to determine the highest value that is found in each respective column, which then becomes the value used for the allocated bandwidth and PEB values presented to the user. When running implementations of the described method for optimizing the LBA, these values become nearly equal or balanced.
Implementations of the disclosed method can further be configured to allow the LBAs to be run for only inbound links as shown in
As one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize, it is impossible to have a “perfectly balanced link,” but the user may purposefully take any non-perfect bandwidth (allocated or PEB) and reallocate the overage to the other type of bandwidth, such as for example, if there is too much allocated bandwidth, it may be desirable to move some of this bandwidth to PEB bandwidth and vice versa.
The following are particular implementations with optimization techniques for satellite link budget analysis (LBA) implementations of such related methods which are provided as non-limiting examples of implementations of the disclosed systems and methods.
Example 1: A satellite earth station is being designed to operate at an assigned center frequency, symbol rate and polarization to a satellite repeating relay at a particular geo-equatorial location, polarization and frequency. For this example, the earth station terminal is supporting a point-to-multipoint configuration where the primary (hub) carrier is providing a common communications path to ten (10) remote terminals. Using an implementation of the described method, all of the parameters are entered into the LBA tool and the LBA is performed. Using an implementation of the described method, one may start with Target MODCODs and the result is the Optimal MODCOD that may be used for supporting communications to and from each remote location.
Example 2: In particular implementations of the system described in example 1, when the user desires to optimize both the inbound and outbound links, an implementation of the described method uses the Optimal MODCOD as the Target MODCOD and the one or more LBAs are then re-run. The result is that both the inbound and outbound links are optimized where the allocated bandwidth and PEB are balanced.
Example 3: In particular implementations of the system described in example 1, when the user desires to optimize the inbound links, an implementation of the described method uses the Optimal MODCOD as the Target MODCOD and the one or more LBAs are then re-run. The result is that the inbound links are optimized where the allocated bandwidth and PEB are balanced for only the inbound links and the outbound links remain as originally calculated.
Example 4: In particular implementations of the system described in example 1, when the user desires to optimize the outbound links, an implementation of the described method uses the Optimal MODCOD as the Target MODCOD and the one or more LBAs are then re-run. The result is that the outbound links are optimized where the allocated bandwidth and PEB are balanced for only the outbound links and the inbound links remain as originally calculated.
In places where the description above refers to particular implementations of telecommunication systems and techniques for transmitting data across a telecommunication channel, it should be readily apparent that a number of modifications may be made without departing from the spirit thereof and that these implementations may be applied to other to telecommunication systems and techniques for transmitting data across a telecommunication channel.
This document claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/907,305, entitled “Optimization Techniques for Satellite Link Budget Analysis (LBA)” to Michael Beeler et al., which was filed on Nov. 21, 2013, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated entirely by reference herein.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20080274690 | Laufer | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20120188880 | Beeler | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20140160970 A1 | Jun 2014 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61907305 | Nov 2013 | US |
