Patent Grant
8761584
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to video cassette recorder systems and particularly to an apparatus and method for using encoded information to shorten the time required to perform timer preprogramming and for remotely controlling various home electronic devices and for easily performing an initial setup routine of such an apparatus.
2. Prior Art
The video cassette recorder (VCR) has a number of uses, including playing back of tapes filmed by a video camera, playing back of pre-recorded tapes, and recording and playing back of broadcast and cable television programs.
To record a television program in advance of viewing it, a two-step process is often used: (1) obtain the correct channel, date, time and length (CDTL) information from a television program guide, and (2) program this CDTL information into the VCR. Depending on the model, year and type of the VCR, the CDTL information can be programmed in various ways including: (i) pushing an appropriate sequence of keys in the console according to instructions contained in the user's manual, (ii) pushing an appropriate sequence of keys in a remote hand-held control unit according to instructions contained in the user's manual (remote programming), and (iii) executing a series of keystrokes in the remote hand-held control unit in response to a menu displayed on the television screen (on-screen programming). Other techniques for timer preprogramming have been suggested including: (iv) reading in certain bar-code information using a light pen (light pen programming), and (v) entering instructions through a computer or telephone modem. These various methods differ only in the physical means of specifying the information while the contents, being CDTL and certain power/clock/timer on-off commands are generally common although the detailed protocol can vary with different model VCRs. Methods (i) and (ii) described above can require up to 100 keystrokes, which has inhibited the free use of the timer preprogramming feature of VCRs. To alleviate this, new VCR models have included an “On-Screen Programming” feature, which permits remote input of CDTL information in response to a menu displayed on the television screen. Generally on screen programming of CDTL information requires an average of about 18 keystrokes, which is less than some of the prior methods but still rather substantial. Some of the other techniques such as (iv) above, require the use of special equipment such as a bar code reader.
In general the present state of the art suffers from a number of drawbacks. First, the procedure for setting the VCR to record in advance can be quite complex and confusing and difficult to learn; in fact, because of this many VCR owners shun using the timer preprogramming record feature. Second, the transcription of the CDTL information to the VCR is hardly ever error-free; in fact, many users of VCR's timer preprogramming features express concern over the high incidence of programming errors. Third, even for experienced users, the process of entering a lengthy sequence of information on the channel, date, time and length of desired program can become tedious. Fourth, techniques such as reading in bar-code information or using a computer require special equipment. These drawbacks have created a serious impedance in the use of a VCR as a recording device for television programs. The effect is that time shifting of programs has not become as popular as it once was thought it would be. Accordingly, there is a need in the art for a simpler system for effecting VCR timer preprogramming which will enable a user to take advantage of the recording feature of a VCR more fully and freely.
A principal feature of the invention is providing an improved system for the selection and entering of channel, date, time and length (CDTL) information required for timer preprogramming of a VCR which is substantially simpler, faster and less error-prone than present techniques. Another principal feature of the invention is providing televisions having an embedded capability for timer programming control.
In accordance with the invention, to program the timer preprogramming feature of a video system, there is an apparatus and method for using encoded video recorder/player timer preprogramming information. The purpose is to significantly reduce the number of keystrokes required to set up the timer preprogramming feature on a VCR. In accordance with this invention it is only necessary for the user to enter a code with 1 to 8 digits or more into the VCR. This can be done either remotely or locally at the VCR. Built into either the remote controller or the VCR is a decoding means which automatically converts the code into the proper CDTL programming information and activates the VCR to record a given television program with the corresponding channel, date, time and length. Generally multiple codes can be entered at one time for multiple program selections. The code can be printed in a television program guide in advance and selected for use with a VCR or remote controller with the decoding means.
A product embodying these features is now commercially available and has enjoyed great commercial success. This instant programmer, sold under the VCRPlus+® trademark, consists of a handheld unit into which compressed codes (each 1 to 8 digits long) for television programs to be recorded are entered. The compressed codes are most commonly found in printed television listings. The instant programmer decodes the compressed codes into channel, date, time-of-day and length commands which are then stored in the programmer's memory. When date and time of the program in the memory that is scheduled the nearest to the current time coincides with the current time, as determined by an internal clock, the instant programmer, using an infrared transmitter and universal remote technology, sends infrared remote control signals to a cable box or a video recorder to change the channel to the correct channel and infrared remote control signals to a video recorder to turn the recorder on and begin recording. After the length for the program, stored in memory, has elapsed, an infrared remote control signal to stop recording is sent to the video recorder.
Before the VCRPlus+ programmer can be used, the user must perform an initial setup procedure. This procedure includes entering the brands and models of the user's video recorder and cable box into the programmer, setting the clock in the programmer, and entering a local channel map which maps “national” channel numbers for certain networks and cable channels into the actual channel numbers used for these channel by the user's cable system. The instant programmer is manufactured with the infrared codes necessary to remotely control a wide variety of cable boxes and video recorders stored in ROM. The model and brands of the cable box and video recorder must be entered so that the instant programmer will use the correct ones of the infrared codes stored in ROM for the user's particular video recorder and cable box
In a parent application to the present application, an alternate embodiment is disclosed in which the decoder, memory and infrared transmitter of the instant programmer are embedded in a video recorder. The 1 to 8 digit compressed codes are entered directly into the video recorder, either through keys on the video recorder or through a remote for the video recorder. The compressed codes are decoded by the video recorder into channel, date, time-of-day and length commands and stored into the video recorder's memory. When the time and date of a program in memory coincides with the real time as supplied by the clock in the video recorder, the video recorder transmits, using its infrared transmitter and universal remote technology, infrared remote control signals to a cable box that change the channel tuned by the cable box to the desired channel. The video recorder then internally signals itself to begin recording the television signal received from the now correctly tuned cable box. When the length, stored in memory, has elapsed, the video recorder turns itself off.
Like with the VCRPlus+ instant programmer, before the video recorder with a built in instant programmer and remote control transmitter can be used, an initial setup procedure must be performed. The brand and model of cable box and the local channel map must be manually entered into the video recorder.
The present invention includes an improvement to the video recorder with a built in instant programmer and remote control transmitter. The invention involves downloading data over telephone lines from a remote site to the video recorder. In several embodiments the information downloaded is initial setup data that otherwise would have to be manually keyed in by the user. Instead, the user can call a customer service representative on the telephone and orally give the representative the information necessary to perform the initial setup. The representative then enters the necessary information into a computer which, in turn, downloads the data over the telephone line to the video recorder which has been connected to the telephone line. In various embodiments, the video recorder is connected to the telephone line by a modular phone jack in the video recorder or through the telephone's earpiece which is held in the proximity a microphone connected to the video recorder. In other embodiments, data is downloaded first over a telephone line into a VCR remote control, instead of into the video recorder directly, in any of the ways that the data can be transmitted to the video recorder. Thereafter, the data is retransmitted from the VCR remote control to the video recorder through infrared remote control signals transmitted by the VCR remote and received by the video recorder.
In any of these embodiments, the initial setup data is transferred and stored into the video recorder without the user having to key the information manually.
Another principal object of the invention is to embed the decoding means into a television. The television would then at the appropriate time distribute the proper commands to a VCR and a cable box to record the desired program. The user would use the television remote or controls on the television to enter the code that signifies the program to be recorded. The same television remote and controls on the television would also be used to perform normal television control functions, such as channel selection. When the codes are entered they are transmitted to the television and the decoder in the television, which decodes the codes into CDTL information and then the codes themselves and the CDTL information could be displayed “on screen” so that the user can verify that the proper codes have been entered. Then at the appropriate time the television would transmit the proper commands to a VCR and a cable box, if necessary, to command the recording of the selected program. This control function can be carried out by using an infrared link by placing infrared transmitters on the television cabinet, preferably at the corners. The television circuitry would include the capability of storing or learning the infrared code protocols for the VCR and the cable box.
Another principal object of the invention is to embed the decoding means into various equipments associated with television, such as a video cassette recorder, cable box or satellite receiver. In any system the decoding means would only have to be present in one of the equipments, such as the cable box, which would then at the appropriate time distribute the proper commands to the other equipments such as a VCR and a satellite receiver to record the desired program. The user would use the television remote or controls on the equipment with the decoder to enter the code that signifies the program to be recorded. The same television remote would also be used to perform normal television control functions, such as channel selection. When the codes are entered they are transmitted to the equipment with the decoder, which decodes the codes into CDTL information. Then at the appropriate time the equipment with the decoder would transmit the proper commands to a the other equipment such as a VCR, satellite receiver and a cable box to command the recording of the selected program. This control function can be carried out by using an infrared link by coupling infrared transmitters on the equipment with the decoder. The infrared transmitter can be placed in a infrared dome on the equipment, mounted behind the front panel, attached to a mouse coupled via a cable to the equipment with the decoder with the mouse placed near the receiver, or attached to a stick on miniature mouse coupled via a cable to the equipment with the decoder with the miniature mouse attached to the device with the receiver. The equipment with the decoder would include the capability of storing or learning the infrared code protocols for the other equipment, such as a VCR, satellite receiver and a cable box.
Another embodiment of the invention includes a full function universal remote control capable of controlling various home electronic devices. The functions of the buttons of the remote control and the infrared codes needed to perform the functions are programmed remotely, such as by transmissions over telephone lines received by a microphone in the remote control.
Other objects and many of the attendant features of this invention will be more readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed descriptions and considered in connection with the accompanying drawings in which like reference symbols designate like parts throughout the figures.
Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly, to
A G-code consists of 1 to 7 digits, although more could be used, and is associated with a particular program. A user would look up the G-code in a program guide and just enter the G-code on the remote controller 12, instead of the present state of the art, which requires that the user enter the actual channel, date, time and length (CDTL) commands.
In order to understand the advantages of using a G-code, it is helpful to describe the best of the current state of the art, which is “on screen programming” with direct numerical entry. This technique involves about 18 keystrokes and the user has to keep switching his view back and forth between the TV screen and the remote controller while entering the CDTL information. This situation may be akin to a user having to dial an 18 digit telephone number while reading it from a phone book. The number of keys involved and the switching back and forth of the eye tend to induce errors. A typical keying sequence for timer recording using on-screen CDTL programming is as follows:
The first program (PROG) key 26 enters the programming mode. Then a sequence of numerical keys 20 are pushed. The 2 means it is timer recording rather than time setting. The 1 means the user is now entering the settings for program 1. The 15 is the date. The 07 is starting hour. The 30 is a starting minute. The 2 means pm. The next sequence 08 00 2 is the stopping time. The 04 is channel number. Finally, the PROG is hit again to exit the program mode.
By contrast, this command could have been “coded” and entered in a typical G-code sequence as follows: PROG 1138 PROG. To distinguish that the command is a coded G-code, the G-code switch 22 should be turned to the “ON” position. Instead of having a switch, a separate key “G” can be used. The G-code programming keystroke sequence would then be: G 1138 PROG.
The use of a G-code does not preclude “on-screen” confirmation of the program information that has been entered. When the keystrokes “PROG 1138 PROG” are entered with the G-code switch in the “ON” position, the G-code would be decoded and the television could display the following message:
In order for the G-code to be useful it must be decoded and apparatus for that purpose must be provided. Referring to
An alternate way to control the recorder is to have the command controller 36 keep all the CDTL information instead of sending it to the time/channel programming 40. The command controller would also keep track of the time by periodically reading clock 42. The command controller would then send commands to the time/channel programming 40 to turn on and off the recorder and to tuner 46 to cause it to tune to the right channel at the right time according to the CDTL information.
The clock 42 is also an input to G-code decoder 38, which allows the G-code decoding to be a function of the clock, which lends a measure of security to the decoding technique and makes it harder to copy. Of course this requires that the encoding technique must also be a function of the clock.
A possible realization of the command controller 36 and the G-code decoder 38 is shown in
An alternative to having microcontroller 60 perform the G-code decoding is to build the G-code decoding directly into the program stored in read only memory 54. This would eliminate the need for microcontroller 60. Of course, other hardware to perform the G-code decoding can also be used. The choice of which implementation to use is primarily an economic one.
The blocks in
The remote controller with embedded G-code decoder as described above would send channel, date, time and length information to the video cassette recorder/player 70, which would use the CDTL information for tuning into the correct channel and starting and stopping the recording function. The remote controller may have to be unique for each different video cassette recorder/player, because each brand or model may have different infrared pulses for each type of information sent such as the channel number keys and start record and stop record keys. The particular infrared pulses used for each key type can be called the vocabulary of the particular remote controller. Each model may also have a different protocol or order of keys that need to be pushed to accomplish a function such as timer preprogramming. The protocol or order of keys to accomplish a function can be called sentence structure. If there is a unique remote controller built for each model type, then the proper vocabulary and sentence structure can be built directly into the remote controller.
An alternate to having the remote controller with embedded G-code decoder send channel, date, time and length information to the video cassette recorder/player 70, is to have the remote controller with embedded G-code decoder perform more operations to simplify the interfacing problem with existing video cassette recorder/players. In particular, if the remote controller not only performs the G-code decoding to CDTL, but also keeps track of time via clock 85, then it is possible for the remote controller to send just channel, start record and stop commands to the video cassette recorder/player. The channel, start and stop are usually basic one or two key commands, which means there is no complicated protocol or sentence structure involved. Thus, to communicate with a diverse set of video cassette recorder/player models it is only necessary to have memory within the remote controller, such as ROM 64 of
Another preferred embodiment is to provide a universal remote controller 90 with an embedded G-code decoder. Universal remote controllers provide the capability to mimic a number of different remote controllers. This reduces the number of remote controllers that a user needs to have. This is accomplished by having a learn function key 94 function on the universal remote controller, as shown in
An example of more complex learning is the following. If the learn function key 94 in conjunction with the program key 26 are pushed when the G-code switch is “ON”, the unit will recognize that it is about to record the keying sequence of a predetermined specific example of timer preprogramming of the particular VCR involved. The user will then enter the keying sequence from which the universal remote controller 90 can then deduce and record the protocol of the timer preprogramming sequence. This is necessary because different VCRs may have different timer preprogramming command formats.
If keys are pushed without the learn function key 94 involved, the microcontroller should recognize it is now in the execute mode. If the key is one of the direct command keys, the microcontroller will read back from its static RAM the stored pulse sequence and send out command words through the output parallel I/O to pulse the output light emitting diode 28. If the key is the PROG key and the G-code switch is “OFF”, then the microcontroller should recognize the following keys up to the next PROG key as a timer preprogramming CDTL command and send it out through the light emitting diode 28. If the C-code switch 22 is set to “ON” and the program key 26 is pushed, the microcontroller should recognize the following keys up to the next PROG key as a G-code command for timer preprogramming. It will decode the G-code into channel, date, start time and length (CDTL) and the microcontroller will then look up in it's static RAM “dictionary” the associated infra-red pulse patterns and concatenate them together before sending them off through the output parallel I/O to pulse the light emitting diode 28 to send the whole message in one continuous stream to the VCR.
The universal remote controller can also be used in another manner to simplify the interfacing problem with existing video cassette recorder/players. In particular, if the universal remote controller performs not only the G-code decoding to CDTL, but also keeps track of time via clock 85 in
There are a number of ways that the G-code decoding can be performed. The most obvious way is to just have a large look up table. The G-code would be the index. Unfortunately, this would be very inefficient and result in a very expensive decoder due to the memory involved. The total storage involved is a function of the number of total combinations. If we allow for 128 channels, 31 days in a month, 48 on the hour and on the half hour start times in a twenty four hour day, and 16 length selections in half hour increments, then the total number of combinations is 128×31×48×16=3,047,424. This number of combinations can be represented by a 7 digit number. The address to the table would be the 7 digit number. In the worst case, this requires a look up table that has about 4,000,000 rows by 15 to 16 digital columns, depending on the particular protocol. These digital columns would correspond to the CDTL information required for “on screen programming”. Each digit could be represented by a 4 bit binary number. Thus, the total storage number of bits required for the look up table would be about 4,000,000×16×4=256,000,000. The present state of the art has about 1 million bits per chip. Thus, G-code decoding using a straightforward table look up would require a prohibitively expensive number of chips.
Fortunately, there are much more clever ways of performing the G-code decoding.
The encoding of the G-codes can be done on any computer and is done prior to preparation of any program guide that would include G-codes. For each program that will be printed in the guide, a channel, date, time and length (CDTL) code 144 is entered in step 142. Step 146 separately reads the priority for the channel, date, time and length in the priority vector storage 122, which can be stored in read only memory 64. The priority vector storage 122 contains four tables: a priority vector C table 124, a priority vector D table 126, a priority vector T table 128 and a priority vector L table 130.
The channel priority table is ordered so that the most frequently used channels have a low priority number. An example of the data that is in priority vector C table 124 follows.
Generally the dates of a month all have an equal priority, so the low number days in a month and the low number priorities would correspond in the priority vector D table as in the following example.
The priority of the start times would be arranged so that prime time would have a low priority number and programs in the dead of the night would have a high priority number. For example, the priority vector T table would contain:
An example of the data that is in the priority vector L table 130 is the following:
Suppose the channel date time length (CDTL) 144 data is 5 10 19.00 1.5, which means channel 5, 10th day of the month, 7:00 PM, and 1.5 hours in length, then for the above example the Cp, Dp, Tp, Lp data 148, which are the result of looking up the priorities for channel, date, time and length in priority tables 124, 126, 128 and 130 of
The next step is to use bit hierarchy key 120, which can be stored in read only memory 64 to reorder the 22 bits. The bit hierarchy key 120 can be any ordering of the 22 bits. For example, the bit hierarchy key might be:
Ideally the bit hierarchy key is ordered so that programs most likely to be the subject of timer preprogramming would have a low value binary number, which would eliminate keystrokes for timer preprogramming the most popular programs. Since all the date information has equal priority, then the D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 bits are first. Next T1 C1 L1 are used, because for whatever date it is necessary to have a time channel and length and T1 C1 L1 are the most probable in each case due to the ordering of the priority vectors in priority vector storage 122. The next bit in the hierarchy key is determined by the differential probabilities of the various combinations. One must know the probabilities of all the channels, times and lengths for this calculation to be performed.
For example, the probability for channels may be:
The probabilities for times might be:
And, the probabilities for lengths might be:
The probabilities associated with each channel, time and length, as illustrated above, are used to determine the proper ordering. Since the priority vector tables are already ordered by the most popular channel, time, and length, the order in which to select between the various binary bits for one table, for example selecting between the C7 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1 bits, is already known. The C1 bit would be selected first because as the lowest order binary bit it would select between the first two entries in the channel priority table. Then the C2 bit would be selected and so on. Similarly, the T1 and L1 bits would be used before any of the other time and length bits. A combination of the C1, T1, L1 and D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 bits should be used first, so that all the information is available for a channel, date, time and length. The D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 bits are all used because the date bits all have equal priority and all are needed to specify a date even if some of the bits are binary zero.
At this point the bit hierarchy key could be:
The question at this point in the encoding process is what should the next most significant bit in the hierarchy key be: T2, C2, or L2. This is again determined by the differential probabilities, which can be calculated from the above tables for each bit. Since we are dealing with binary bits, the C2 in combination with C1 selects between 22=4 channels or 2 more channels over C1 alone. The differential probability for C2 is then the additional probabilities of these two additional channels and for the example this is: 4+3=7. In a similar manner C3 in combination with C1 and C2 selects between 23=8 channels or 4=2(3−1) more channels over the combination of C1 and C2. So the differential probability of C3 is the additional probabilities of these four additional channels and for the example this is: 2.9+2.1+2+1.8=8.8. In a similar manner, the differential probabilities of T2 and L2 can be calculated to be 6+5=11 and 15+5=20, respectively. Once all the differential probabilities are calculated, the next step is determining which combinations of bits are more probable.
Now for the above example, which combination is more probable: T2 with C1 L1, or C2 with T1 L1, or L2 with T1 C1 This will determine the next bit in the key. So, which is greater: 11×9.3×70=7161; 7×15.8×70=7742; or 20×15.8×9.3=2938.8? In this case the combination with the greatest probability is 7×15.8×70=7742, which corresponds to C2 with T1 L1. So, C2 is selected as the next bit in the bit hierarchy key.
The next bit is selected in the same way. Which combination is more probable: C3 with T1 L1, or T2 with C1 or C2 and L1, or L2 with C1 or C2 and T1. For the example shown, which has the greatest probability: 8.8×15.8×70=9732.8; 11×(9.3+7)×70=12551; or 20×(9.3+7)×15.8=5150.8? In this case the combination with the greatest probability is 11×(9.3+7)×70=12551, which corresponds T2 with C1 or C2 and L1. So, T2 is selected as the next bit in the bit hierarchy key. This procedure is repeated for all the differential probabilities until the entire key is found.
Alternately, the bit hierarchy key can be just some arbitrary sequence of the bits. It is also possible to make the priority vectors interdependent, such as making the length priority vector dependent on different groups of channels. Another technique is to make the bit hierarchy key 120 and the priority vector tables 122, a function of clock 42, as shown in
For example it is possible to scramble the date bits in the bit hierarchy key 120 as a function of the clock. Changing the order of the bits as a function of the clock would not change the effectiveness of the bit hierarchy key in reducing the number of binary bits for the most popular programs, because the date bits all are of equal priority. This could be as simple as switching the D1 and D5 bits periodically, such as every day or week. Thus the bit hierarchy key 120 would switch between
Clearly other permutations of the bit hierarchy key as a function of the clock are possible.
The priority vector tables could also be scrambled as a function of the clock. For example, the first two channels in the priority channel table could just be swapped periodically. If this technique is followed, then the Cp of 148 in
would change periodically to:
This would be a fairly subtle security technique, because a decoder that was otherwise correct would only fail if those first two channels were being used. Other clock dependencies are also possible to provide security for the coding technique.
However it is derived, the bit hierarchy key 120 is determined and stored. In step 154 the binary bits of Cp, Dp, Tp, Lp are rearranged according to the bit hierarchy key 120 to create one 22 bit binary number. Then the resulting 22 bit binary number is converted to decimal in the convert binary number to decimal G-code step 156. The result is G-code 158.
If the priority vector and the bit hierarchy key are well matched to the viewing habits of the general population, then it is expected that the more popular programs would require no more than 3 or 4 digits for the G-code.
Now that the encoding technique has been explained the decoding technique is just reversing the coding technique. This is done according to the flow chart of
The first step 102 is to enter G-code 104. Next the G-code 104 is converted to a 22 bit binary number in step 106. Then the bits are reordered in step 108 according to the bit hierarchy key 120 to obtain the reordered bits 110. Then the bits are grouped together and converted to decimal form in step 112. As this point we obtain Cp, Dp, Tp, Lp data 114, which are the indices to the priority vector tables. For the above example, we would have at this step the vector 4 9 1 3. This Cp, Dp, Tp, Lp data 114 is then used in step 116 to look up channel, date, time, and length in priority vector storage 122. The CDTL 118 for the example above is 5 10 19.00 1.5, which means channel 5, 10th day of the month, 7:00 PM, and 1.5 hours in length.
If the coding technique is a function of the clock then it is also necessary to make the decoding technique a function of the clock. It is possible to make the bit hierarchy key 120 and the priority vector tables 122, a function of clock 42, as shown in
Although the above G-code encoding and decoding technique is a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that there are many ways to perform the intent of the invention which is to reduce the number of keystrokes required for timer preprogramming. To accomplish this goal there are many ways to perform the G-code encoding and decoding. There are also many ways to make the encoding and decoding technique more secure besides just making the encoding and decoding a function of the clock. This security can be the result of any predetermined or preprogrammed algorithm.
It is possible in the G-code coding and decoding techniques to use mixed radix number systems instead of binary numbers. For example, suppose that there are only 35 channels, which would require 6 binary bits to be represented; however, 6 binary bits can represent 64 channels, because 26=64. The result is that in a binary number system there are 29 unnecessary positions. This can have the effect of possibly making a particular G-code longer than it really needs to be. A mixed radix number system can avoid this result. For example, for the case of 35 channels, a mixed radix number system with the factors of 71 and 50 can represent 35 combinations without any empty space in the code. The allowed numbers for the 71 factor are 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. The allowed numbers for the 50 factor are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. For example, digital 0 is represented in the mixed radix number system as 00. The digital number 34 is represented in the mixed radix number system as 46, because 4*71+6*50=34. The major advantage of a mixed radix number system is in prioritizing the hierarchy key. If the first 5 channels have about equal priority and the next 30 are also about equal, then the mixed radix number system allows the two tiers to be accurately represented. This is not to say that a mixed radix number system is necessarily preferable. Binary numbers are easier to represent in a computer and use of a fixed radix number system such as binary numbers allows a pyramid of prioritization to be easily represented in the hierarchy key.
Another feature that is desirable in all of the embodiments is the capability to key in the G-code once for a program and then have the resulting CDTL information used daily or weekly. Ordinarily the CDTL information is discarded once it is used. In the case of daily or weekly recording of the same program, the CDTL information is stored and used until it is cancelled. The desire to repeat the program daily or weekly can be performed by having a “WEEKLY” or “DAILY” button on the remote controller or built into the VCR manual controls. Another way is to use one key, such as the PROG key and push it multiple times within a certain period of time such as twice to specify daily or thrice to specify weekly. For example, if the G-code switch is “ON” and the G-code for the desired program is 99 then daily recording of the program can be selected by the following keystrokes:
Once a daily or weekly program is set up, then it can be used indefinitely. If it is desired to cancel a program and if there is a “CANCEL” button on the remote controller or manual control for the VCR, then one way to cancel a program (whether it is a normal CDTL, daily or weekly entry) is to key in the following:
If “on screen programming” is available, then the programs that have been selected for timer preprogramming could be reviewed on the screen. The daily and weekly programs would have an indication of their type. Also the G-codes could be displayed along with the corresponding CDTL information. This would make it quite easy to review the current “menu” and either add more programs or cancel programs as desired.
A television calendar 200 according to this invention is illustrated in
For cable television programs, there is an additional issue that needs to be addressed for the compressed G-code to be useful. In a normal television guide, CDTL information is available for all the normal broadcast channels in the form of numbers including the channel numbers, such as channel 4 or 7. However, for cable channels like HBO, ESPN etc., only the names of the channels are provided in most television listings. The reason for this is that in some metropolitan areas, such as Los Angeles, there may be only one (1) edition of television guide, but there may be quite a few cable carriers, each of which may assign HBO or ESPN to different cable channel numbers. In order for a compressed code such as the G-code to be applicable to the cable channels as published by a wide area television guide publication, the following approach can be used.
First, all the cable channels would be permanently assigned a unique number, which would be valid across the nation. For example, we could assign ESPN to cable channel 1, HBO as cable channel 2, SHO as cable channel 3, etc. This assignment would be published by the television guide publications.
The video cassette recorder apparatus, such as the remote controller, the VCR unit or both, could then be provided with two (2) extra modes: “set” and “cable channel”. One way of providing the user interface to these modes would be to provide two (2) extra buttons: one called SET and one called CABLE CHANNEL. The buttons could be located on the video cassette recorder unit itself or located on a remote controller, as shown in
Next, the television viewer would have to go through a one-time “setting” procedure of his VCR for all the cable channels that he would likely watch. This “setting” procedure would relate each of the assigned numbers for each cable channel to the channel number of the local cable carrier. For example, suppose that the local cable carrier uses channel 6 for ESPN, then cable channel number 1 could be assigned to ESPN, as shown in the following table.
The user could perform the “setting” procedure by pushing the buttons on his remote controller as follows:
The “setting” procedure would create a cable channel address table 162, which would be loaded into RAM 52 of command controller 36. For the above example, the cable channel address table 162 would have the following information.
After the “setting” procedure is performed, the TV viewer can now select cable channels for viewing by the old way: eg. pushing the key pad buttons 24 will select HBO. He can also do it the new way: eg. by pushing CABLE CHANNEL 2, which will also select HBO. The advantage of the new way is that the television guide will publish [C2] next to the program description, so the viewer will just look up the assigned channel number identifier instead of having to remember that HBO is local cable channel 24. When the CABLE CHANNEL button is pushed, command controller 36 knows that it will look up the local cable channel number in cable channel address table 162 to tune the VCR to the correct channel.
For timer preprogramming and for using the compressed G-code, a way to differentiate between broadcast and cable channels is to add an eighth channel bit, which would be set to 0 for normal broadcast channels and 1 for cable channels such as HBO. This eighth channel bit could be one of the low order bits such as the third bit C3 out of the eight channel bits, so that the number of bits to specify popular channels is minimized, whether they be normal broadcast or cable channels. For a normal broadcast channel, the 7 other bits can be decoded according to priority vector C table 124. For a cable channel, the 7 other bits can be decoded according to a separate cable channel priority vector table 160, which could be stored in ROM 54 of microcontroller 36. The cable channel priority vector table can be set ahead of time for the entire country or at least for an area covered by a particular wide area television guide publication.
A television guide that carries the compressed code known as the G-code will now print the cable channel information as follows:
The [C2] in front of HBO reminds the viewer that he needs only to push CABLE CHANNEL 2 to select HBO. The (4679) is the G-code indication for this particular program.
For timer preprogramming, the viewer need only enter the number 4679 according to the unit's G-code entry procedure, eg. PROG 4679 PROG. The G-code decoder unit will decode this G-code into “cable channel 2” and will also signal the command controller 36 with a cable channel signal 164, as shown in
To include the cable channel compressed G-code feature, the decoding and encoding algorithms are as shown in
The decoding is shown in
An alternate to having the command controller receive a cable channel signal 164 is for the G-code decoder to perform all of the decoding including the conversion from assigned cable channel number to local cable carrier number. This would be the case for the remote controller implementation of
Another issue that needs addressing is the number of programs that can be preprogrammed. Since the G-code greatly simplifies the process of entering programs, it is likely that the user will quickly learn and want to enter a large number of programs; however, some existing VCRs can only store up to four (4) programs, while some can store as many as eight. Thus, the user may get easily frustrated by the programming limitations of the VCR.
One approach to this problem, is to perform the compressed G-code decoding in the remote controller and provide enough memory there to store a large number of programs, eg. 20 or 40. The remote controller would have the capability of transferring periodically several of these stored programs at a time to the VCR main unit. To provide this capability, extra memory called stack memory 76 is required inside the remote unit, as shown in
The stack memory 76 is where new entry, insertion & deletion of timer preprogramming information is carried out. It is also where editing takes place. The top memory locations of the stack, for example the first 4 locations, correspond exactly to the available timer preprogramming memory in the VCR main unit. Whenever the top of the stack memory is changed, the new information will be sent over to the VCR main unit to update it.
If this is the first program entered, it is placed at the top location of the stack memory. If there are already programs in the stack memory, the newly entered program will first be provisionally placed at the bottom of the stack memory. The stack memory will then be sorted into the correct temporal order in step 240, so that the earliest program in time will appear in the top location and the last program in time will be at the bottom. Notice that the nature of the temporally sorted stack memory is such that if stack memory location n is altered, then all the locations below it will be altered.
For example, suppose the stack memory has six (6) entries already temporally ordered, and a new entry is entered whose temporal ordering places it in location 3 (1 being the top location). If this entry is placed into location 3, information which was in location 3, 4, 5, 6 will be shifted to locations 4, 5, 6, and 7. Locations 1 and 2 will remain unchanged.
The microcontroller 60, after doing the temporal ordering, checks in step 242 whether the first n entries have changed from before, where for the current example n equals 4. In this case, since a new program has been entered into location 3, what used to be in location 3 now moves to location 4. Since the VCR's main unit program menu of 4 entries should correspond exactly to location 1 through 4 of the stack memory, entries 3 and 4 on the VCR main unit must now be revised. The microcontroller therefore sends out the new entries 3 & 4 to the main unit, in step 244 of
If the user decides to delete a program in step 232, the deletion is first carried out in the stack memory. If the first 4 entries are affected, the microcontroller will send the revised information over to the VCR main unit. If the first 4 entries are not affected, then again the remote controller unit will not send anything. The deletion will only change the lower part of the stack (lower meaning location 5 to 20). This new information will be sent over to the VCR main unit at the appropriate time.
In the meantime, the VCR main unit will be carrying out its timer programming function, completing its timing preprogramming entries one by one. By the time all 4 recording entries have been completed, the stack in the remote must send some new entries over to “replenish” the VCR main unit (if the stack has more than 4 entries).
The real time clock 85 in the remote controller unit is monitored by the microcontroller to determine when the programs in the main unit have been used up. Referring to the flow chart in
Another preferred embodiment of an apparatus for using compressed codes for recorder preprogramming is the instant programmer 300 of
A companion element to the instant-programmer 300 is the mounting stand 360, shown in
By using mounting stand 360, the user only need to align the mounting stand 360, and the instant programmer 300 once with the equipment to be programmed rather than having the user remember to keep the instant programmer 300 in the correct location to transmit via front infrared (IR) diode 340, as shown in
Most VCR's and cable boxes can be controlled by an infrared remote controller; however, different VCR's and cable boxes have different IR codes. Although there are literally hundreds of different models of VCR's and cable boxes, there are fortunately only tens of sets of IR codes. Each set may have a few tens of “words” that represent the different keys required, e.g. “power”, “record”, “channel up”, “channel down”, “stop”, “0”, “1”, “2” etc. For the purpose of controlling the VCR and cable box to do recording, only the following “words” are required: “0”, “1”, “2”, “3”, “4”, “5”, “6”, “7”, “8”, “9”, “power”, “record”, “stop”. The IR codes for these words for all the sets are stored in the memory of the instant programmer 300, which is located in microcomputer 380 of
Initially, the user performs a setup sequence. First, the user looks up the number corresponding to the model/brand of VCR to be programmed in a table, which lists the VCR brand name and a two digit code. Then with the VCR tuned to Channel 3 or Channel 4, whichever is normally used, the user turns the VCR “OFF”. Then the user presses the VCR key 326. When the display shows VCR, the user presses the two-digit code looked up in the VCR model/brand table (for example 01 for RCA). The user points the instant programmer 300 at the VCR and then presses ENTER key 318. The red warning light emitting diode 332 will flash while it is sending a test signal to the VCR. If the VCR turned “ON” and changed to Channel 09, the user presses the SAVE key 316 and proceeds to the set clock step. If the VCR did not turn “ON” or turned “ON” but did not change to Channel 09 the user presses ENTER key 318 again and waits until red warning light emitting diode 332 stops flashing. The instant programmer 300 sends the next possible VCR code, while the red warning light emitting diode 332 is flashing. If the VCR turns “ON” and changed to Channel 09 the user presses SAVE key 316, otherwise the user presses ENTER key 318 again until the VCR code is found that works for the VCR. The display shows “END” if all possible VCR codes for that brand are tried. If so, the user presses VCR key 326 code 00 and then ENTER key 318 to try all possible codes, for all brands, one at a time.
Once the proper VCR code has been found and saved, the next setup step is to set the clock on instant programmer 300. First, the user presses the CLOCK key 320. When the display shows: “YR:”, the user presses the year (for example 90), then presses ENTER key 318. Then the display shows “MO:”, and the user presses the month (for example 07 is July), and then presses ENTER key 318. This is repeated for “DA:” date (for example 01 for the 1st), “Hr:” hour (for example 02 for 2 o'clock), “Mn:” minute (for example 05 for 5 minutes), and “AM/PM:” 1 for AM or 2 for PM. After this sequence, the display will show “SAVE” for a few seconds and then the display will show the current time and date that have been entered. It is no longer necessary for the user to set the clock on his/her VCR.
Next, if the instant programmer 300 is also to be used as a cable box controller, then the setup steps are as follows. First, the number corresponding to the model/brand of cable box (converter) to be controlled is looked up in a cable box model brand table, that lists cable box brands and corresponding two digit codes. The VCR is tuned to Channel 03 or 04 and turned “OFF”. Then the cable box is tuned to Channel 02 or 03, whichever is normal, and left “ON”. Then the CABLE key 328 is pressed. When the display shows: “CA B-:” the user enters the two digit code looked up in cable box model brand table, points the instant programmer 300 at the cable box (converter) and presses ENTER key 318. The red warning light emitting diode 332 will flash while it is sending a test signal to the cable box. If the cable box changed to Channel 09: then the user presses SAVE key 316; however, if the cable box did not change to Channel 09 the user presses ENTER key 318 again and waits until red warning light emitting diode 332 stops flashing, while the next possible code is sent. This is repeated until the cable box changes to Channel 09 and when it does the user presses SAVE key 316. If the display shows “END” then the user has tried all possible cable box codes for that brand. If so, the user presses cable code 00 and then ENTER key 318 to try all possible brand's codes, one at a time.
For some people (probably because they have cable or satellite), the channels listed in their television guide or calendar are different from the channels on their television or cable. If they are different, the user proceeds as follows. First, the user presses the CH key 322. The display will look like this: “Guide CH TV CH”. Then the user presses the channel printed in the television guide or calendar (for example, press 02 for channel 2), and then the user presses the channel number that the printed channel is received on through his/her local cable company. Then the user presses ENTER key 318. This is repeated for each channel listing that is on a different channel than the printed channel. When this procedure is finished the user presses SAVE key 316.
Typically the television guide or calendar in the area will have a chart indicating the channel number that has been assigned to each Cable and broadcast channel, for example: HBO, CNN, ABC, CBS, NBC, etc. This chart would correspond, for example, to the left two columns of FIG. 28. For example, suppose the television guide or calendar has assigned channel 14 to HBO but the user's cable company delivers HBO on channel 18. Since the channel numbers are different, the user needs to use the CH key 322. The user will press the CH button (the two blank spaces under the display “Guide CH” will flash). The user then presses 14. (now the two blank spaces under the display “TV CH” will flash). The user then presses 18 and then ENTER key 318. This is repeated for each channel that is different. When finished, the user presses SAVE key 316.
After the channel settings have been saved, the user may review the settings by pressing CH key 322 and then REVIEW key 306. By repeated pressing of the REVIEW key 306 each of the set channels will scroll onto the display, one at a time.
Then the user can test to make sure that the location of the instant programmer 300 is a good one. First, the user makes sure that the VCR is turned “OFF” but plugged in and makes sure that the cable box (if there is one) is left “ON”. Then the user can press the TEST key 330. If there is only a VCR, then if the VCR turned “ON”, changed to channel 09 and started recording, and then turned “OFF”, then the VCR controller is located in a good place.
If there is also a cable box, then if the VCR turned “ON”, the cable box turned to channel 09 and the VCR started recording, and then the VCR stopped and turned “OFF”, then the instant programmer 300 is located in a good place.
To operate the instant programmer 300, the VCR should be left OFF and the cable box ON. The user looks up in the television guide the compressed code for the program, which he/she wishes to record. The compressed code 212 is listed in the television guide, as shown in
Then the user just needs to leave the instant programmer 300 near the VCR and cable box so that commands can be transmitted, and at the right time, the instant programmer 300 will turn “ON” the VCR, change to the correct channel and record the program and then turn the VCR “OFF”. The user must just make sure to insert a blank tape.
The REVIEW key 306 allows the user to step through the entered programs. These are displayed in chronological order, by date and time. Each time the REVIEW key 306 is pressed, the next program is displayed, until “END” is displayed, when all the entered programs have been displayed. If the REVIEW key 306 is pressed again the display will return to the current date and time.
If the user wishes to cancel a program, then the user presses REVIEW key 306 until the program to cancel is displayed, then the user presses CANCEL key 304. The display will say “CANCELLED”. Also, any time the user presses a wrong number, pressing the CANCEL key 304 will allow the user to start over.
Certain television programs, such as live sports, may run over the scheduled time slot. To ensure that the entire program is recorded, the user may press the ADD TIME key 324 to increase the recording length, even while the program is being recorded. The user presses the REVIEW key 306 to display the program, then presses ADD TIME key 324. Each time ADD TIME key 324 is pressed, 15 minutes is added to the recording length.
When the current time and date is displayed, the amount of blank tape needed for the next 24 hours is also displayed by the time bars 352 that run across the bottom of the display. Each bar represents one hour (or less) of tape. The user should check this before leaving the VCR unattended to ensure that there is enough blank tape.
Each time a program code is entered, the instant programmer 300 automatically checks through all the entries to ensure that there is no overlap in time between the program entries. If the user attempts to enter a program that overlaps in time with a program previously entered, then the message “CLASH” appears. Then, as summarized by step 432 of
In some locations, such as in some parts of Colorado, the cable system airs some channels three (3) hours later/earlier than the times listed in the local television guide. This is due to time differences depending on whether the channel is received on a east or west satellite feed. For the user to record the program 3 hours later than the time listed in the television guide the procedure is as follows. First the user enters the code for the program and then presses SAVE key 316 (for +) and then presses ONCE key 310, DAILY (M-F) key 312, or WEEKLY key 308, as desired. For the user to record the program 3 hours earlier than the time listed in the television guide the procedure is as follows. First the user enters the code for the program and then presses ENTER key 318 (for −) and then presses ONCE key 310, DAILY (M-F) key 312, or WEEKLY key 308, as desired. The instant programmer 300 will display the time that the program will be recorded, not the time shown in the television guide.
There are certain display messages to make the instant programmer 300 more user friendly. The display “LO BATT” indicates that the batteries need replacement. “Err: ENTRY” indicates an invalid entry during setup. “Err: CODE” indicates that the program code number entered is not a valid number. If this is displayed the user should check the television guide and reenter the number. “Err: DATE” indicates the user may have: tried to select a daily recording (Monday to Friday) for a Saturday or Sunday program; tried to select weekly or daily recording for a show more than 7 days ahead, because the instant programmer 300 only allows the weekly or daily recording option to be used for the current weeks' programs (+7 days); or tried to enter a program that has already ended. “FULL” indicates that the stack storage of the programs to be recorded, which is implemented in random access memory (RAM) inside the instant programmer 300 has been filled. The user could then cancel one or more programs before entering new programs. “EMPTY” indicates there are no programs entered to be recorded. The number of programs to be recorded that can be stored in the instant programmer 300 varies depending on the density of RAM available and can vary from 10 to more.
The flow charts for the program that is stored in the read only memory (ROM) of the microcomputer 380 that executes program entry, review and program cancellation, and record execution are illustrated in
The
The
The channel priority table is ordered so that the most frequently used channels have a low priority number. An example of the data that is in the priority vector C table 526 follows.
Generally the dates of a month all have an equal priority or equal usage, so the low number days in a month and the low number priorities would correspond in the priority vector D table 528 as in the following example.
The priority of the start times and length of the programs could be arranged in a matrix that would assign a priority to each combination of start times and program lengths so that more popular combinations of start time and length would have a low priority number and less popular combinations would have a high priority number. For example, a partial priority vector T/L table 530 might appear as follows.
Suppose the channel, date, time and length (CDTL) 514 data is channel 5, Feb. 10, 1990, 7:00 PM and 1.5 hours in length, then the Cp, Dp, TLp data 532 for the above example would be 4 9 19. The next step is the convert Cp, Dp, TLp to binary numbers and concatenate them into one binary number step 534, resulting in the data word . . . TTL2TL1 . . . C2C1 . . . D2D1 536. For the example given above, converting the . . . TL2TL1 . . . C2C1 . . . D2D1 536 word to binary would yield the three binary numbers: . . . 0010011, . . . 0100, . . . 01001. The number of binary bits to use in each conversion is determined by the number of combinations involved. This could vary depending on the implementation; however one preferred embodiment would use eight bits for Cp, denoted as C8 C7 C6 C5 C4 C3 C2 C1, which would provide for 256 channels, five bits for Dp, which can be denoted as D5 D4 D3 D2 D1, would provide for 31 days in a month, and fourteen bits for TLp, denoted as TL14 . . . TL3 TL2 TL1, which would provide for start times spaced every 5 minutes over 24 hours and program lengths in increments of 5 minute lengths for programs up to 3 hours in length and program length in increments of 15 minute lengths for programs from 3 to 8 hours in length. This requires about 288*(36+20)=16,128 combinations, which are provided by the 2**14=16,384 binary combinations. Altogether there are 8+5+14=27 bits of information TL14 . . . TL2TL1C8 . . . C2C1D5 . . . D2D1. For the above example padding each number with zeros and then concatenating them would yield the 27 bit binary number:
The next step is to use bit hierarchy key 540, which can be stored in read only memory 64 to perform the reorder bits of binary number according to bit hierarchy key step 538. As described previously, a bit hierarchy key 540 can be any ordering of the . . . TL2TL1 . . . C2C1 . . . D2D1 536 bits and in general will be selected so that programs most likely to be the subject of timer preprogramming would have a low value compressed code 212, which would minimize keystrokes. The ordering of the bit hierarchy key can be determined by the differential probabilities of the various bit combinations as previously discussed. The details of deriving a bit hierarchy key 540 were described relative to bit hierarchy key 120 and the same method can be used for bit hierarchy key 540. For example, the bit hierarchy key might be:
The next step is the combine groups of bits and convert each group into decimal numbers and concatenate into one decimal number step 542. For example, after reordering according to the bit hierarchy key, the code may be 000000001010010000010001001, which could be grouped as 00000000101001000,0010001001. If these groups of binary bits are converted to decimal as 328,137 and concatenated into one decimal number, then the resulting decimal number is 328137. The last encoding step is the permute decimal number step 546, which permutes the decimal number according to permutation function 544 that is dependent on the date 548 and in particular the month and year and provides a security feature for the codes. After the permute decimal number step 546, the decimal compressed code G8 . . . G2G1 550 may, for example, be 238731. These encoded codes are then included in a program guide or calendar as in the compressed code indication 212 of
The selected permutation method 578 is used in the invert permutation of decimal compressed code step 580. For the example given above, the output of step 580 would be: 328137. The next step is the convert groups of decimal numbers into groups of binary numbers and concatenate binary groups into one binary number step 584, which is the inverse of step 542 of
The look up local channel number step 606 looks up the local channel 612 given the assigned channel number 608, in the assigned/local channel table 610, which is setup by the user via the CH key 322, as explained above. An example of the assigned/local channel table 610 is the right two columns of the assigned/local channel table 620 of
Another preferred embodiment is to embed the decoding means into a television receiver with G-code decoder 950, as shown in
With the “on screen” display on television display/monitor 952, the operation of the television receiver with G-code decoder 950 can be essentially identical to that described in
Another preferred embodiment of the invention is to embed the decoding means into various equipments associated with television, such as a video cassette recorder, cable box or satellite receiver. In any system the decoding means would only have to be present in one of the equipments, such as the cable box, which would then at the appropriate time distribute the proper commands to the other equipments such as a VCR and a satellite receiver to record the desired program.
Another preferred embodiment of the transmission method and apparatus between equipments is shown in
Another preferred embodiment of the transmission method and apparatus between equipments is shown in
Another preferred embodiment of the transmission method and apparatus between equipments is shown in
Another preferred embodiment of the transmission method and apparatus between equipments is shown in
The transmission methods and apparatus of
Another preferred embodiment of an apparatus for using compressed codes for a recorder programming is the custom programmer 1100 of
As discussed above, when using the instant programmer 300, the consumer initially performs a set-up sequence, consisting of selecting a protocol for the model/brand of VCR, setting the current real time, selecting a protocol for the model/brand of cable box, and entering a series of channel number assignments. Although the instant programmer 300 makes recording of television programs extremely simple, the initial set-up sequence for the instant programmer 300 is more complex and deters the use of the instant programmer by some consumers. Custom programmer 1100 includes a microphone opening 1140 through which at least one microphone inside the custom programmer 1100 can receive electronically coded audio signals that contain the information necessary for the custom programmer's initial set-up and commands to store this information into the custom programmer 1100.
In order to receive these audio signals, a user may call a special phone number which could be a toll-free 800 number, a pay-per-minute 900 number, or a standard telephone number with standard toll charges applying. The consumer can speak to an operator who orally inquires from the consumer the information regarding the consumer's VCR model and brand, zip code, model and brand of cable box and the newspaper or other publication which the consumer will use to obtain the compressed codes. This is all the information needed to perform the initial set-up for the custom programmer 1100. From the zip code information, the operator can determine to which cable system the consumer is connected and can combine this data with the knowledge of which publication the consumer will use to select the correct local channel mapping table for the consumer.
The operator then directs the consumer to press a designated programming key which is, in the case of the preferred embodiment, the CH key located under lid 1114. When the CH key is pressed, the display 1134 with display the message “PHONE1 KEY2”. Pressing the “2” numeric key places the custom programmer into the manual local channel table programming mode that is implemented by instant programmer 300 when CH key 322 is pressed. Pressing the “1” numeric key initiates the remote programming mode. The custom programmer 1100 is then ready to receive an audio signal and display 1134 displays the message “WAIT”.
The operator will then direct the consumer to place the earpiece 1142 of the telephone receiver 1144 over the microphone opening 1140 of the custom programmer 1100 as generally shown in
If the initial set-up data is successfully transferred to the custom programmer 1100, the display 1134 of the custom programmer 1100 will display the message “DONE”. If the reception of the initial set-up data is not successful within a predetermined time limit, red warning light emitting diode 1132 will blink to inform the consumer to adjust the position of the telephone earpiece before another down load of the information is attempted. After a waiting period allowing this adjustment, the initial set-up data and commands are re-transmitted over the telephone line. If after a predetermined number of attempts to download the initial set-up information are unsuccessful, the liquid crystal display 1134 displays the message “FAIL” and the operator is again connected to the consumer allowing the operator to speak to the consumer to provide additional assistance in the positioning of the telephone earpiece.
Alternatively, a live operator could be provided by the local cable company and the initial set-up information downloaded to the custom programmer 1100 by telephone line, through the existing cable of the cable system, or any other transmission means. If local cable companies supply the live operators, the only information they would need to gather from the consumer would be the VCR brand and model and the publication containing compressed codes that the consumer plans on using, because the local cable company would know the model and brand of cable box installed at the consumer's location and the necessary data regarding the local channel designations for that cable system.
As shown in
Alternatively, a dual microphone system (not shown) may be employed to increase reliability, especially when the custom programmer 1100 is to be programmed in an environment with a high level of background noise that could interfere with the transmission of data through the single microphone acoustic means. In this system, one microphone would be placed near the telephone earpiece and the second microphone would be place some distance away from the earpiece in order to pick up background noise. A audio signal cancellation circuit is then used to effectively “subtract” the background noise picked up by the second microphone from the audio data signals combined with the background noise that is picked up from the first microphone resulting in solely clean audio data signals.
Another preferred embodiment includes a separate initial set-up programmer 1200 as shown in
The initial set-up programmer 1200 includes a keyboard 1202, a display 1204, an enclosure 1206, and a lid 1208, with hinges 1209 at the top that allow the lid to open to reveal a depression 1210 for holding instant programmers 300 and custom programmers 1100 and two electrical contact pins 1212 as shown in
Alternatively, local channel table data can be transferred to the initial set-up programmer 1200 by audio signals carried over telephone lines. Further, local channel tables may be entered into the initial set-up programmer through keyboard 1202 in the same manner used to program this information into either instant programmers 300 or custom programmers 1100.
Included in keyboard 1202 are “SEND CLK”, “SEND CH”, “SEND CAB” and “SEND VCR”, which set the clock, download the local channel table, select the protocol for the cable box brand and model and select the protocol for the VCR brand and model, respectively when they are pressed. If the information is successfully transferred to the instant programmer 300 or custom programmer 1100 connected to the initial set-up programmer 1200, display 1204 displays the message “Tr OK”, otherwise the message “Tr Err” is displayed on display 1204.
Data is transferred to instant programmer 300 and custom programmer 1100 through the two contact pins 1212. The first of these pins is the ground pin. The second pin connects with test point 392 a shown in
The invention as shown in the preferred embodiments of the custom programmer 1100 and the initial set-up programmer 1200 can be readily included within televisions, video cassette recorders, cable boxes, or satellite receivers. It would not be complicated to embed either the custom programmer 1100 or the initial set-up programmer 1200 in televisions, video cassette recorders, cable boxes, and satellite receivers by adding suitable cabling or other transmission means between various video devices being used.
Another embodiment of the invention is the custom controller 1300 shown in
The custom controller includes a microphone 1308, which performs the same functions as microphone 1140 of the custom programmer and is accessible through the microphone access hole 1309. Through the microphone, the custom controller is programmed with all of the set-up information needed to function as an instant or custom programmer (i.e., channel map, current time of day, model/brand of cable box and VCR). Alternatively, the custom controller can be programmed by the initial set-up programmer 1200 shown in
Custom controller 1300 also includes additional buttons on its control surfaces 1302 and 1304 that can used to operate any home electronic device that can be controlled by an infrared remote control. These standard infrared remote controls work by transmitting different IR codes for each different function to be performed by the device being controlled. Each button of the custom controller triggers the transmission of an IR code that would ordinarily be transmitted by another remote control. The actual make up of these IR codes used to control the various home electronic equipment are described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 4,623,887 to Welles, II which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Most of the time, the custom controller will be used to control televisions, VCRs, cable boxes, satellite receivers and hi-fi audio equipment. It is noted that both the instant programmer 300 and the custom programmer 1100 already functioned as universal remote controllers with respect to video recorders, cable boxes, televisions and satellite receivers as they can control diverse brands and models of these devices. However, the instant and custom programmers only use their universal remote features to change or select channels on cable boxes, video recorders, televisions and satellite receivers, begin and end recording by video recorders and turning the power on any of these devices on and off. Nonetheless, the schematic of the custom controller will be the same as the schematics of the custom programmer shown in
The custom controller's complete universal remote feature operates as follows. Each button on the keyboard 1320, which is mounted on control surfaces 1302, 1304 of the custom controller, is hard wired with a button code or a memory address, which is generated each time the button is pressed. The microcomputer 1322 receives the code or address generated by the pressed button and, if the button generates a code, consults a look-up table to retrieve an address for the button code. This look up table, as well as the instructions that control the operation of the microprocessor are stored in ROM 1326 and 1332.
In the embodiment of
In the embodiment of
In both the embodiments of
Before the custom controller can be used as a complete universal remote control, it must be programmed with the IR codes for the functions and the brand and models of home electronic equipment it is going to control. Traditionally this has been done in two different ways. First, the custom controller can “learn” the IR codes for the products that it is to control from the remote controls that come with each product. The custom controller would then also include an IR receiver (not shown) that would receive IR codes from other remote controls and store these codes and which button on the custom controller each code is associated with into RAM. This type of “learning” controller usually employs the schematic of
In an alternate embodiment, the custom controller can be programmed by either of both of these methods. IR codes that are “learned” from other remote controllers are store in RAM 1324 shown in
In the preferred embodiment of
Once this information has been entered into the computer, in block 1354 the computer programs the custom programmer in at least two different ways, depending on whether the embodiment of
If the embodiment of
In an alternative embodiment the ROM 1332 contains default associations between IR codes and buttons of the custom controller, so that these associations need not be downloaded unless the consumer has requested associations between buttons and IR codes that are different from the default associations. This method reduces the amount of data that needs to be sent over the telephone lines from the remote site to the custom controller, but can increase the size and cost of the ROM installed in the custom controller. In the rare case where the IR codes for the device that the consumer wants to control are not included in the ROM, the computer would just download the IR codes themselves for that device as in the first programming method described above with reference to
It is noted above that in either of the embodiments shown in
A series of these two tones are transmitted over the telephone line, representing a binary series. A short period of no signal is included between each tone in the series of tones so that two consecutive 500 Hz or two consecutive 3000 Hz signals are interpreted as two sequential signals and not one long signal. In an alternative embodiment, the series of signal tones are sent at a predetermined clock speed.
A decoder (not shown) is included between the microphone assembly 1334 and the microprocessor 1322 that converts the 3000 Hz signals to high electrical signals and converts the 500 Hz signals to low electrical signals that are sent to a serial input into the microprocessor. A clock signal is simultaneously sent to the microprocessor with each high or low signal.
Alternatively, the initial set-up programmer 1200 could be used to perform the IR code programming of the custom controller 1300 instead of using the microphone/telephone interface.
The custom controller has several additional features. First, the rear surface 1312 of the custom controller is large enough so that custom controller can be set on the rear surface as shown in
The degree of enlargement of the rear surface 1312 needs to be enough so that the custom controller is stable and resistant to being tipped over when it is put in the upright position shown in
Another factor in the stability of the custom controller in the lateral location of the custom controller's center of gravity. The closer the center of gravity is to being directly above the center of the rear surface when the custom controller is in the upright position, the more stable the custom controller will be. It is noted that the upper portion of embodiment of the custom controller shown in
The shape of the rear surface is not particularly relevant, but rather the shortest distance across the rear surface. On the other hand, the shape of the back surface of the custom controller is significant. Preferably, the back surface is semicircular or substantially semicircular. The closer the back surface is to a semicylindrical shape, the more comfortable the custom controller is for a consumer to hold, as the cylindrical shape fits better into human hands.
Another feature of the custom controller is its two control surfaces 1302 and 1304. Auxiliary control surface 1304 is designed to include buttons that will be used most often when the custom controller is in its upright position, such as volume up and down controls. The angle between the rear surface and the auxiliary control surface is less than or equal to 450. Keeping the angle less than or equal to 450 directs at least half of the force needed to press button on the auxiliary control surface downwards into the table or other surface the custom controller is resting on instead of sideways, which would tend to topple the custom controller when it is in the upright position.
Two alternative embodiments of the custom controller 1300 are shown in
Yet another feature of the custom controller are one touch channel tuning buttons. These buttons would be assigned to a specific television or cable channel such as HBO, ESPN, CNN or MTV. For example, if a button is assigned to CNN, when the CNN button is pressed, the custom controller transmits IR codes to change the channel on a television, VCR, cable box or satellite receiver to the channel number on which CNN is broadcast. When the consumer sets up the custom controller, he or she tells the representative what channels he or she watches the most and the representative directs the computer to have selected keys on the custom controller be programmed to tune these channels. The consumer tells the representative which keys on the custom controller he or she wishes to tune which channels or the representative can select the keys. After the keys and channels have been selected, the consumer then writes the channel names next to the keys that tune them or labels with different channel names can be supplied which are then applied to the custom controller next to the appropriate buttons. These one touch tuning buttons are particularly well suited to being programmed as buttons on the auxiliary control surface, so that the consumer can operate these buttons without having to pick up the custom controller.
Another embodiment, shown in
In the preferred embodiment, the alternative VCR remote 1400 is a also a universal remote such as custom controller 1300 with all of the structure and functions of the custom controller. Thus, the VCR remote is capable of controlling the cable box 1428, VCR 1416, television 1432 and any other auxiliary home electronic equipment that is IR remote controllable 1434.
A significant advantage of the VCR remote control is that the data required to be entered into the VCR 1416 for the initial setup can initially be downloaded from a remote site by telephone to the VCR remote control. To do this, the consumer calls the remote site in the telephone, orally gives the information necessary to perform the initial setup to a person at the remote site. The person at the remote site then instructs the consumer to place the microphone of the VCR remote to the telephone earpiece and the initial setup is downloaded. Thereafter, the user easily causes the data to be downloaded by IR transmission, from the VCR remote control to the VCR itself by pressing a “send” key or a “send” sequence of keys. The VCR receives the initial setup data, stores it in its memory 1420 and then is ready to be used as an instant programmer.
In an alternative embodiment, shown in
In another embodiment, shown in
With the embodiment shown in
Another embodiment, shown in
The details of the operation of the VCR remote are as follows. In the first step, shown in block 1440 of
Once the channel map and IR code data to be downloaded have been identified in block 1442, the initial setup data, including the channel map, IR code data and the current time, including the date, is downloaded over the telephone line to the VCR remote control. In the preferred embodiment, the initial setup data is generated by a computer at or connected to the representative's location, transmitted over telephone lines in the form of audio signals, received by the VCR remote control's microphone or modular phone jack and decoder, and stored into RAM 1404 by CPU 1402.
In block 1448, the consumer presses a “send” key or a sequence of keys that triggers the transmission of the initial setup data through the IR transmitter to the VCR's IR receiver. If the VCR remote control is a universal remote, the IR codes for IR controllable devices other than the cable box are preferably not be transmitted to the VCR as they are used by the VCR remote control itself, not the VCR. The data is stored by the VCR's CPU into the VCR's RAM.
In an alternative embodiment, the VCR remote control's IR transmitter is not a multi-directional or wide angle IR transmitter. The more expensive multi-directional or wide angle IR transmitters are not necessary because the IR transmitter is not used to transmit IR signals when the VCR remote control is set on a table or on top of the cable box or VCR.
In any case, in the preferred embodiment, a multi-directional or wide angle IR transmitter is retained to increase the likelihood of the successful downloading of all of the initial setup data. Although the quantity of the initial setup data is not tremendous, it is substantial. Thus, an uninterrupted IR stream of a significant duration is required to reach the VCR from the VCR remote control. The more diverse the radiation of IR signals is, the more likely it is that all of a stream of IR signals will reach the IR receiver in the VCR, either directly or by reflection.
For preexisting VCRs with a built in instant programmer and IR transmitter that were made before the present VCR remote control, that can also have their initial setup performed through the use of a remote control, the VCR remote control can be programmed, either with a program stored in ROM at manufacture or by telephone into RAM, to use the preexisting VCRs own protocol for initial setup using a remote control. In other words, the VCR remote control is programmed to mimic a consumer using the VCR's original remote control to perform the initial setup.
In VCRs designed specifically for use with the VCR remote control, a special protocol, designed to reduce the length of the IR transmission sent to the VCR is used. In an alternative embodiment, part of this special protocol includes using a receipt confirmation signal combined with known error detection and/or error correction schemes to assure the reception of the entire stream of initial setup data by the VCR. Known error detection schemes that can be used include a using parity check bit in every byte of data and embedding a code at some point in the data stream that indicates the length of the entire data stream. The use of these and other known error detection and correction schemes allows the VCR to verify whether the complete stream of error free initial setup data was received. If it is verified that the data received is correct and complete, the VCR can produce an indication, either audio or visual, that the initial setup data was successfully received. If it is not verified that the data received is correct and complete, the VCR either gives no indication or produces a second indication to indicate an unsuccessful transmission. Upon an unsuccessful transmission, the consumer adjusts the position of the VCR remote control relative to the VCR and retransmits the initial setup data.
Another alternative is to provide modular telephone jacks in both the VCR and the VCR remote control for downloading the initial setup data from the VCR remote control to the VCR. This embodiment provides for more error free transmission of the initial setup data, but forces the consumer to connect, disconnect and store the cable that links the VCR remote control and the VCR.
Yet another alternative is to include in the VCR a microphone and decoder assembly similar to the microphone and decoder assembly 1412-1414 in the VCR remote control. An encoder and speaker (not shown) are then added to the VCR remote control. With this alternative embodiment the initial setup data is transmitted from the VCR remote control to the VCR using the same type of audio signals as used to download the initial setup data over the telephone lines to the VCR remote control. When the consumer is ready to transmit the initial setup data from the VCR remote control to the VCR, he or she simply holds up the speaker of the VCR remote control to the microphone of the VCR and pressed the keys necessary to trigger transmission. In the preferred embodiment of this alternative, with current speaker and microphone technology, the speaker and microphone on the VCR remote control can be combined into a single microphone/speaker component.
In the downloading process of blocks 1446-1452, the channel map data and IR code data for the VCR is transmitted and stored into the RAM of the VCR remote control first. Thereafter the data is retransmitted to the VCR and stored into the RAM of the VCR. After transmission to the VCR of the channel map data and IR code data for the VCR is completed, the channel map and IR code data for the VCR is erased from the RAM in the VCR remote control. If IR code data for use by the VCR remote itself is initially downloaded with the channel map data and IR code data for the VCR, this data is, of course, not erased from the RAM in the VCR remote control.
As described above in reference to the custom controller 1300, shown in
The invention as shown in the various embodiments of the VCR remote 1400 can be readily be used with televisions, cable boxes, satellite receivers or other audio-visual components that contain remote control transmitters. The only differences in operation in these alternate configurations are the IR codes and downloading. protocols that the VCR remote uses. However, the VCR remote as described above is capable of having these codes and protocols downloaded by telephone along with the initial setup data.
In all of the embodiments presented in
The physical configuration of this embodiment for downloading program information is shown in
In block 1504, the representative enters the information given by the user in block 1502 into a computer 1522. The computer includes a large database of television programs to be broadcast in the future, stored in mass storage 1526, such as a hard disk. The computer then searches the database for television programs that match the information entered by the representative and retrieves the channel, date, time-of-day and length data for each program matching the information entered. In block 1506, the computer automatically checks the date, time-of-day and length data for all the programs retrieved in the database search for time conflicts between programs that overlap each other.
If there is a time conflict, the computer alerts the representative that there is a time conflict and the programs that are involved. In block 1508, the representative informs the user of the time conflict and the programs that are conflicting. The user then decides which of the conflicting programs he or she wishes to record or view. Alternatively, the user chooses to have only the non-conflicting portion of a program that partially conflicts with another program recorded or viewed to avoid the conflict. For example, if two programs are selected that both begin at 8:00 pm on Sunday, but one lasts one hour and the other lasts two hours, the user can choose to record the one hour program and the second hour of the two hour program. The user tells the representative how to resolve the conflict and, in block 1510, the representative enters this information into the computer, which adjusts the selected programs accordingly, in block 1512.
In one embodiment, in block 1514, the computer converts the channel, date, time-of-day and length of each of the programs remaining after the search of the database and after resolving time conflicts, if any, into G-codes for use by downloadable programmers that perform the functions of the instant programmer 300. Such a programmer is representatively shown by dotted line 1524 with the programmer 1524 having a CPU 1526, a microphone and high pass filter 1528 (similar to programmer 1100 as shown in
In another embodiment, the blocks 1514 and 1516 are replaced by a block (not shown) in which the computer downloads data representing the channel, date, time-of-day and length of each of the programs selected by the search of the database and modified to resolve time conflicts, if any, over a telephone line to any telephone downloadable programmer, such as programmer 1524.
After program data is downloaded to a telephone downloadable programmer, and decoded into channel, date, time-of-day and length if G-codes were downloaded, the CDTL data is stored into the memory of any of the telephone downloadable programmers, such as stack memory of RAM 1532, in the same manner such program data is stored into the stack memory 76 of
In an alternative embodiment, the program data is downloaded to the telephone downloadable programmers for control of a television or cable box only, rather than for control of a video recorder. With this embodiment, the user is able to use a telephone downloadable programmer to simply change the channel of his or her television or cable box to assure that an important show is not missed because the user forgets what time it is or becomes engrossed in another show or simply because the user does not want to bother having to change channels manually.
The format of the database file to store the great amount of information about the future television broadcasts of television programs and the database program used to manipulate and search the database file can be any well known database format and corresponding database engine. In the preferred embodiment, the database format used consists of a series of records, each consisting of a predetermined set of fields that is the same as the set of fields in every other record in the database. Each television program corresponds to one record of the database. Each record contains fields for the title, channel, date, starting time-of-day and the length of the program. Further, each record includes a series of boolean fields, each field representing a certain category of television program, such as situation comedy, romantic movie, sports program, etc. The advantage of this embodiment is that many different categories may be easily represented and searched, while taking up little space. This embodiment takes up little space because even though there may be over a hundred different category fields, a boolean field usually takes up only one bit or at most one byte of space for each record in most database file formats. The small size of each category field also facilitates rapid searching through the database for all the programs in a certain category. This embodiment also allows for multiple overlapping categories. For example, the database may have separate category fields for crime subject matter, comedy, and fiction. One television program may be a fictional comedy about crime, thus containing a “true” value in all three category fields. On the other hand, a program may be a real life drama about crime which only would contain a “true” value in one of these category fields, viz. the crime subject matter field.
In addition to the boolean category fields, each record includes several “people” fields. The contents of the “people” fields include characters in the program, actors and actresses, directors and writers involved with the creation of the program. Thus, if a user desires to program all programs involving certain people, be they characters, actors or creators of the program, the computer can search the “people” fields for this information. Alternatively, there can be separate fields for characters, actors and actresses, and creators of programs.
Each record also includes fields devoted to the violence and sexual content of the television program. In the case of motion pictures, a field for the rating by the Motion Picture Association is utilized. In every record, boolean fields for such descriptions as mild violence, explicit violence, brief nudity, nudity, profanity, adult situations, and sexual theme are included. Thus, programs can be selected or excluded from a search based on such general content information.
Each record of the database also includes an abstract that contains a brief description of the program. This allows a more detailed and extensive search, albeit more time consuming, of specific program content by searching all of the abstract fields for certain keywords or combinations of keywords.
It is thought that the system and method of telephone downloading television program data according to selection criteria provided by a user to a representative at a remote site of the present invention and many of its attendant advantages will be understood from the foregoing description and it will be apparent that various changes may be made in the form, construction and arrangement of the parts thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention or sacrificing all of its material advantages, the form hereinbefore described being merely a preferred or exemplary embodiment thereof.
This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/031,246, filed Mar. 12, 1993, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/027,202, filed Mar. 5, 1993, now abandoned. Each of the referenced applications is incorporated herein by this reference as though set forth in full.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20050105881 A1 | May 2005 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 08031246 | Mar 1993 | US |
| Child | 10877950 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 08027202 | Mar 1993 | US |
| Child | 08031246 | US |
