Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 119(a), this application claims the benefit of the filing date of Australian Patent Application Serial No. AU2021902531, filed Aug. 13, 2021, for “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR VIRTUAL MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE,” the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference.
The present disclosure may relate to a system and method for providing virtual Mental Health System Infrastructure. More particularly, the present disclosure may relate to a system and method providing virtual Mental Health System Infrastructure adapted to educate, refer, and support patients to specialist-grade digital mental health services.
Previously, mental health systems can only provide awareness information or limited support to patients or target very narrowly at some specific disorder.
US Patent Application No 2007/0299694 discloses a patient education management database system. The patient education system includes a server computer connecting to a wireless tablet computer. A database on the server includes a number of predetermined “presentation prescriptions,” each of which is a listing of educational sub-topics selected to provide an overview of a medical condition for patient education purposes. Each sub-topic has a corresponding content file (e.g., film clip) stored on the tablet computer. In operation, one of the default prescriptions is selected for providing educational content relevant to a patient's medical condition. Some of the sub-topics may be removed for customizing the default prescription. The tablet computer is given to the patient, and an educational presentation is displayed according to the presentation prescription, e.g., the content files that correspond to the topics in the selected presentation prescription are sequentially displayed. The patient's progress in viewing the presentation may be tracked, including the patient's answers to any questions in the presentation. However, traditional educational contents are not suitable for assisting the psychological and psychiatric patients or helpers. In particular, such a system is not designed for individual psychological and psychiatric patients or helpers.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,593,967 discloses a clinical reference and education system. The system is designed to provide medical condition diagnosis information that is gathered, stored, and distributed in the system database. More specifically, information regarding clinical/pathological differential analyses, key facts, clinical presentations, pathology features, imaging findings, anatomy information, medical references with abstracts, expert imaging center information, continuing medical education information, and related data is made available in electronic and printed forms via a general infrastructure of the system. These educational contents are not suitable for assisting the psychological and psychiatric patients or helpers. In particular, such a system is not designed for individual psychological and psychiatric patients or helpers.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,630,947 discloses a medical ontology information system for mining and/or probabilistic modelling. A domain knowledge base was created by a processor from a medical ontology. The domain knowledge base storing a list of disease-associated terms is used to mine for corresponding information from a medical record. The relationship of different terms with respect to a disease may be used to train a probabilistic model. The probabilities of a disease or chance of indicating the disease are determined based on the terms from a medical ontology. This probabilistic reasoning is learned with a machine from ontology information and a training data set. However, this knowledge base is not suitable for assisting the psychological and psychiatric patients or helpers. There is no user friend method to deliver such information to the stakeholders. In particular, such a system is not designed for individual psychological and psychiatric patients or helpers.
There is a lack of an online specialist-grade, trans-diagnostic and quality-controlled ‘mental health literacy’ service designed for patients to be directed to by their treating clinicians that can provide them with ‘self-help’ education (‘homework’) supplemented with ‘clinical support’ in between consultations. An effective digital mental health service could improve self-care, management coordination, resilience, and confidence through knowledge acquisition and improved decision-making and coping strategies (including help-seeking)—thereby improving ‘mental health literacy.’
Both primary care and specialist clinicians would appreciate the availability of a trustworthy, competent, user-friendly, and engaging ‘virtual therapeutic space’ to direct their patients to, which could ‘hold,’ ‘contain,’ support, and, guide their patients—keeping them occupied—between consults. That space would be valued by the clinicians if their patients returned to them more knowledgeable about their mental health, more skilled at coping with their mental ill-health and having more understanding about the skillsets of their clinicians (and other type of clinicians) and thereby having deeper understanding about how they can optimally utilise their existing clinicians (and other types of mental health clinicians) and other providers. Trust in the platform would be enhanced if it was designed and maintained by mental health clinicians led by psychiatrists informed by healthcare principles, values, and ethics, and operated according to the standard processes of psychiatric hospitals and community healthcare facilities.
Currently, there are no specialist-grade virtual hospital-community healthcare system models using digital health platforms and Telehealth to provide assistance to health funders paying for healthcare, healthcare-related and income-replacement payments to consumers with mental disorders where there is overlapping maladaptive and inappropriate help-seeking behaviors and unhealthy dependencies with the healthcare providers.
There is an absence of specialist psychiatry-grade broad scope, pragmatic and clinically-oriented eLEARNING service for improving mental health outcomes, recovery from mental disorders, reducing disability, and improving resilience and mental fitness, that is highly engaging (maintaining user interest to achieve high usage or adherence rates), understandable (uses layman's language) and pragmatic (provides applicable, transferable knowledge, skills and strategies), and suitable for all types of users.
There is an absence in the prior art of a mental health consumer-provider brokerage service that uses clinical care pathways for the education, training, and accreditation, and provision of ‘clinical support’ services, which has an underlying virtual hospital infrastructure to ensure minimal standards and quality control, and that utilizes contemporary psychiatric care and practice models.
There is a lack of digital health services available to general practitioners and specialists to refer their patients to cutting-edge digital mental health services delivering online interventions such as Artificial Intelligence, Virtual Reality, and remote access to stimulation therapies to supplement and complement the current care being received.
Any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification should in no way be considered as an admission that such prior art is widely known or forms part of the common general knowledge in the field.
It may be advantageous to provide a system comprising a security system, one or more servers, and a platform for providing a plurality of digital mental health services to a user device, wherein the digital mental health services comprising one or more of eLEARNING service, user-individual mental healthcare provider brokerage or matching services, and other additional mental healthcare service provider, which, working together, function as a ‘virtual hospital and mental health system infrastructure.
Preferably, the digital mental health services comprise eMental Health Literacy Education, Training, and Accreditation.
Preferably, the eLEARNING service is adapted to provide all user types in the one product, including self-help, help-seeking, and peer support mentor consumers; mentor, clinician, and Continuing Professional Development (CPD) services:
Preferably, the eLEARNING service incorporates autonomous learning principles with an innovative true visual learning approach with visual analogies, role play with conversing characters and avatars enabling a minimization use of technical words and jargon.
Preferably, the eLEARNING service incorporates continuous user interactivity, personalizing opportunities and embedded quizzes to ameliorate training pressure.
Preferably, the eLEARNING service incorporates and integrates innovative psychiatry-grade ‘categorizations’ of all different explanatory models (including sophisticated biopsychosocial models), approaches, treatment modalities and syllabus to complement and enhance recognized existing descriptive classifications or categorizations. Preferably, the eLEARNING service breaks down the integrated specialist-level classifications and categorizations into simple language and building blocks.
Preferably, the eLEARNING service is adapted to supplement, complement, and make more efficient and safer existing in-person GP, specialist, and allied health mental health care.
Preferably, the system further comprises an artificial intelligent (AI) engine for processing user feedback from the eLEARNING service and adjust an eLEARNING program based on the user feedback and the aggregated data of other users.
Preferably, the digital mental health services are adapted to provide Online access for supplementary and complementary services to existing GP and specialist care that provide access to cutting-edge interventions and technological developments, such as artificial intelligence, Virtual Reality and neurostimulation therapies.
Preferably, the user device comprises a processor, a human user interface, a machine-to-machine interface and a network device, herein the human user interface is adapted to deliver a product generated by the AI engine, the human user interface is adapted to deliver a virtual reality environment, and the machine-to-machine interface is adapted to connect to a medical device to deliver stimulation therapies.
Preferably, the network device is adapted to connect to the digital mental health services where telecommunication health consultation services can be delivered.
Preferably, the virtual reality environment comprises a Virtual Hospital-Community Mental Health Care environment with a specialized psychiatric online healthcare system infrastructure.
Preferably, the specialized psychiatric online healthcare system infrastructure is adapted to provide clinical care pathways that are supplementary and complementary to existing in-person care, incorporating multi-modal, trans-diagnostic, multi-user type services, and has hospital-grade healthcare standards, regulations, and accreditation processes to maintain quality control for all users.
In the context of the present disclosure, the words “comprise,” “comprising” and the like are to be construed in their inclusive, as opposed to their exclusive, sense, that is in the sense of “including, but not limited to.”
The present disclosure is to be interpreted with reference to at least one of the technical problems described or affiliated with the background art. The present aims to solve or ameliorate at least one of the technical problems and this may result in one or more advantageous effects as defined by this specification and described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure.
To easily identify the discussion of any particular element or act, the most significant digit or digits in a reference number refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced. The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Specifically,
The present disclosure is a multi-purpose platform system 10 (also referred to as “MindSkiller”) containing a suite of digital mental health services 20 (eLEARNING service, CONNECT service, and PLUS additional services) that working together function as a ‘virtual hospital and mental health system infrastructure.’ It provides quality control similar to psychiatric hospitals around what happens in relation to specific types of mental health care.
In one embodiment, the system is adapted to provide a virtual hospital and virtual community of consumers and providers, creating a mental health ecosystem. The method of the present disclosure is adapted to use a unique mental health categorization system that incorporates the psychiatry-grade biopsychosocial model and all other contemporary specialist healthcare models, which ‘breaks’ the field of mental health into ‘building blocks.’ In one embodiment, the system and method of the present disclosure is adapted to create a foundation level infrastructure for the virtual hospital and virtual community.
The type of support facilitated by the CONNECT service is innovative in being user-determined Telehealth-based episodes of psychoeducational guidance based on the user's needs in the moment whilst undertaking the mental health literacy program. The design is for the user to experience episode durations under 30 minutes that are intended to occur on multiple occasions whilst they are working through the eLEARNING content. This episode pattern contrasts to the typical psychotherapy model of care where consultations typically have durations that are predetermined by the provider and are 30-60 minutes long. This Telehealth-based method of mental health literacy support and guidance thereby expands and enhances traditional mental health care models.
Current, existing clinical reference and education systems about medical conditions and diagnoses are not designed and cannot simply be used to provide pragmatically useful information about mental disorders for the following reasons:
In one embodiment, the system 10 as shown in
In one embodiment, the system 10 is adapted to connect to a user device 50 to deliver the digital mental health services 20 to users. The user device 50 comprising a processor 56 for processing data of the device and ensure quick response time. The user device 50 may have different human user interfaces, such as video camera 52, audio system 58, and I/O devices 53. The I/O device 53 may be a touch screen, or a display and a keypad. The user device 50 may have one or more light sources 51 to assist the video camera 52 or imaging sensors to capture the image of a user. The light sources 51 may emit visual light, infra-red light, or light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. In addition to normal photograph image and video, the user device 50 may help to capture different types of imagery of the user such as remote photoplethysmography, and transdermal optical imaging, etc. The user device 50 comprises network device 55, which is adapted to allow the user device to communicate with other devices using one or more network protocols such as Internet Protocol, 4G/5G, BLUETOOTH®, etc. It comprises a plurality of networking stacks for sending and receiving messages, which can relieve much of the overload to the processor 56. In one embodiment, the network device 55 is adapted to handle data encoded in HL7. In one embodiment, the user device 50 comprises interface 57 for connecting to different devices. The interface 57 can be a USB connector or RS525 connector, etc. It allows the user devices to connect directly to medical equipment, such as electroencephalogram electrodes or monitor, or other wetware. The user device 50 comprises its own data storage 54 for storing local data and settings. The user device 50 preferably comprises its own power source 59 such as it can be portable.
The platform provides mental health literacy education and training through the eLEARNING service, clinical support through the CONNECT service, and access to innovative digital mental health services through the PLUS service to referred patients, sole individuals, and the full spectrum of help-providers including all types of primary care and specialist medical and non-medical clinicians, as well as mentors (peer supports, family and careers, case managers) and coaches. It also can provide clinical practice enhancement, clinician CPD, mental health system enhancement, and organizational mental health support and enhancement.
In one embodiment, the system 10 of the present disclosure includes:
1) Clinicians' Aide clinical practice enhancement services, which can seamlessly support, assist, supplement, complement and enhance standard outpatient and/or inpatient mental health care delivered face-to-face or by Telehealth, by any healthcare provider but particularly aimed at mental health clinicians such as general practitioners, psychiatrists and psychologists.
The system of the present disclosure can generate and maintain a ‘virtual therapeutic space’ for clinicians to refer their patients to, which will ‘hold,’ ‘contain,’ support and guide them in between consults. It is a specialist-grade psychiatric digital system that can partially fill gaps and delays in accessing specialist-level psychiatric services with an effective, quality, efficient and user-friendly services that supplement, complement and enhance primary care. It will assist the general practitioners, psychologists and other primary care level healthcare providers to support their patients whilst they are waiting for assessment, management plan development and intervention by specialist psychiatric services or consultant psychiatrists.
The components of the system of a preferred embodiment that can achieve Clinicians' Aide clinical practice enhancement are:
(i) Mental Health Literacy education through the eLEARNING service—a psychiatry-grade broad-scope, pragmatic clinically-oriented user-centered course for improving mental health outcomes, assisting recovery from mental disorders, reducing psychopathology and improving resilience and mental fitness, that is highly engaging, comprehendible and utilizable as it is designed to utilize autonomous learning principles, maintaining user interest to achieve high completion rates and positive health outcomes, and providing Progress Reports to referrers if the user consents. Referring help-providers obtain access to the educative material, which they can use in their practices to facilitate their mental health consultations and care of their patients.
The “user-centered course” referring to in this specification is broader in function than a ‘course.’ It has various functions including being:
(ii) Real-time Telehealth ‘Clinical Support’ (multi-channel, including video conferencing) by three types of Accredited Help-Providers (mentors, medical and non-medical clinicians and coaches) from within the eLEARNING service that provides defined brief episodes of support and guidance, giving the users a ‘taste’ of what types of knowledge, skillsets and interventions those types of Help-Providers can offer, and giving the consumer and their external clinicians some experiential understanding about what management plan components may be useful to pursue (personalizing, enhancing and advancing care) thereby improving outcomes; and
(iii) Innovative Digital Mental Health Services that align with the system 10 or platform of an embodiment of the present disclosure and its healthcare content, goals and values—available to general practitioners and specialists to refer their patient to cutting-edge novel digital mental health services delivering online interventions such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality and remote access to neurostimulation therapies to supplement and complement the current care being received.
2) Standalone Mental Health Literacy Education eLEARNING “Self-Help” services—a psychiatry-grade broad-scope, pragmatic clinically-oriented course for solitary consumers (independent ‘Help-Seekers’) who have not yet engaged with any external mental health providers but wish to understand their mental health, their disorders, the common causes for their disorders, explore what types of help-providers there are available, what types of interventions are available that may be useful in their circumstances and also learning about self-help skills and strategies that they can utilize.
The ‘self-help’ education of the present disclosure is different to that of the cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) programs that are very narrow problem-solving or symptom-focused and narrow modality interventions. The CBT programs provide narrow-focused behavior therapy and cognitive reframing. The differentiation of the educational aspect of the present disclosure is that ‘self-help’ education and homework of an embodiment of the present disclosure is not narrow in modality nor type of problem being targeted. The homework of the present disclosure is directed at what happens in the real-world—where people present to their clinicians with more than one disorder or problem and in practice need multiple modalities to be used. Rather than homework, it is self-directed, autonomous e-learning that the user engages in, in between consults/meetings with their clinicians, patients or help-seekers. The homework of the present disclosure is adapted to teach using an unorthodox innovative approach more akin to learning a foreign language—using an infotainment styled immersive apprenticeship type experiential method in conjunction with the use of a categorization system applied to explanatory models to complement the contemporary classification systems and treatment approaches.
3) Standalone Mental Health Literacy Training eLEARNING “Help-Provider” accreditation support services—psychiatry-grade broad-scope, pragmatic clinically-oriented basic and advanced training for help-providers (mentor, clinician—medical and non-medical—and coach) types of help-provider wishing to gain mental health literacy training and accreditation that will:
(i) enable them to provide online ‘clinical support’ to help-seekers using the platform or system of an embodiment of the present disclosure (the CONNECT service utility that works in conjunction with the eLEARNING utility);
(ii) assist to upgrade their skillsets in their own external practices and workplaces; and
(iii) gain Continuing Professional Development (CPD) points or credits toward their registration bodies' and professional associations' or colleges' CPD programs.
4) ‘Virtual Hospital’ Support to Subscription Organizations service that provides a novel quality healthcare, efficient and cost-effective solution to managing high-needs employees, members and insurees (of corporations and health insurance companies e.g., private health insurers, workers compensation insurers and life insurers) with mental disorders or presumed mental health comorbidity to their physical health problems that is preventing their achieving a functional recovery or reducing their productivity (e.g., as evidenced by number of sick days, underperformance, disruptive or disengaged behaviors). It is the only digital mental health service that incorporates all the contemporary specialist psychiatric models of care, healthcare principles and values, latest research and aligning with Australia's National Digital Health Strategy.
An ‘outsource model’ gives the following advantages to the subscribing organization:
(i) Being at arms-length from the service delivery provides ‘safety’ from legal liability and damage to reputation (e.g., claims of insensitivity, perceived bias, conflict of interest, misguided values).
(ii) Encourages members directed to complete the program to take their engagement more seriously than would otherwise be the case if it were in in-house program and instils hope that the supplementary support and assistance will likely complement their existing care rather than cause a split in their care, conflict or premature reduction in healthcare or financial support. If there are reductions in either healthcare or welfare, the consumer and their external personal and professional supports will likely be more attuned, supportive and less adversarial as the rationale will always be for what is in the best interests of the consumer's mental health as perceived not only by the consumer or any sole external help-provider, but by the entire multidisciplinary ‘team’ overseeing the consumer's management plan.
(iii) Assists with product validity due to it being seen to be and experienced as an adequately independent healthcare service.
(iv) Enables optimal credibility as the service will be a modified digital mental healthcare service that has been developed for the entire community for the purpose of improving healthcare outcomes as the platform is a specialist psychiatric online healthcare system infrastructure for the management of mental disorders, increasing mental health resilience and improving metal fitness. It does this by:
(a) providing clinical care pathways that form a framework that is constructed from contemporary healthcare models of care;
(b) being supplementary and complementary to existing care (face-to-face and telehealth delivery) and in scenarios where there are private healthcare funders (corporations, health insurance companies e.g., private health insurers, workers comp insurers and life insurers);
(c) incorporating content that is multi-modal, trans-diagnostic and applicable to multiple types of users;
(d) having hospital-grade healthcare standards, regulations and accreditation processes to maintain quality control for all users (consumers, mentors, clinicians, coaches and external consumer helpers);
(e) having a primary agenda of improving healthcare outcomes, which will reduce costs. Reducing healthcare and welfare costs is an important—but secondary—benefit of the service;
(f) improved healthcare outcomes including the health concept of maximizing an individual's independence, capacity for taking responsibility for their health, wellbeing, activities of daily living and choosing and engaging in personally meaningful activities that will contribute to a good quality of life. It is recognized that many chronically disordered and disabled members are either purposefully or unintentionally self-sabotaging their outcomes as a result of personality disorders that lead to various types of behaviors that propagate their symptoms and loss of function and resistance to recovery, such as:
i. externalizing behaviors—highly self-defensive behaviors causing distress to contacts and gaining material and psychological benefits at others' expense (consciously or unconsciously) including secondary gain undermining recovery
ii. internalizing behaviors—bottling emotions and developing self-sabotaging belief systems and unhelpful habits, all leading to poor coping with their distress and undermining recovery
iii. being out of touch with reality—a detachment from reality with numbness or paranoid belief systems and a tendency to oscillate perspectives that undermines therapeutic engagement and also undermining recovery
iv. all of these above 3 groups are likely to have engaged in therapeutic relationships that are suboptimally assisting them to recover from their disorders and disabilities and may even be unintentionally contributing to undermine their recovery. That's because they all have tendencies to form unhealthy and unhelpful dependencies on others. They either have not developed the capacity for forming values toward others encouraging them to take responsibility adequately for themselves, do not have the assertiveness to depend more on themselves, or do not have the capacity to put enough trust in others/the external world to enable them to find a balanced, healthy level of dependency on others Vs themselves—enabling them to form more balanced relationships with others (i.e., healthy dependencies with their supports, healthcare providers and funders).
These consumer groups are usually the highest cost individuals to any healthcare system and healthcare funding or welfare support schemes. By definition, these members have poor decision-making and coping skills, which make them more vulnerable to develop multiple other mental disorders and physical health conditions, to have more severe and dramatic courses, and to be more treatment-resistant to remission.
Adequate management often requires a harm minimization approach, with external limit-setting and reality orientation, which is best delivered by a multidisciplinary team. Legal contractual and regulatory limits need to often be co-utilized to set limits and provide an arena within which healthcare can take place where opinions are collectively formed based on collaborative discussion of objective information, bigger picture and longitudinal perspectives, and realistic measures that often require negotiation and compromise that are beyond the consumer's individual capacity and possibly impeded by any unhealthy therapeutic relationships they may have fostered, formed and maintained.
Introducing specialist and allied health clinicians into the team is likely to over a period of time permits constructive decisions, resolutions and actions to be taken, will usually include reappraisal, rationalization and realistic assessment of what level of intervention and resources is reasonable for the individual when the objective is optimizing their independence and responsibility and minimizing unhealthy dependency and reinforcement of unhelpful belief systems and habits. Therefore, stepwise withdrawal of resources is a likely outcome that will mutually benefit the member and the funding organization that has found themselves ‘stuck’ with an indefinitely needy and demanding member.
If the member's funding is dependent on their participation in the ‘virtual hospital’ program, that will motivate them to continue to progress within the program, becoming more and more mental health literate, which may improve reflective capacity and cooperation with support and accepting the expectation that they become more resilient, competent and independent. Their participation and finally their capacity to function as a peer support help-provider will contribute to evidence of their functional improvement. All the functional improvements they make will add to the objective evidence that they are recovering and in less need of high resources and funding. The core strategy is to require the member to engage in a positively reinforcing process whereby their participation provides evidence of their functional improvement, facilitating a stepwise reduction of funding their disability.
Case Manager Credibility and Capacity to Mentor services provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure enables the development of improved credibility and capacity of the subscribing organization's case managers as bona fide mentors for the members as case managers will be required to complete the eLEARNING service to become accredited to assist member users and engage in case conferences, communication with external health providers and contribute to the management plan development. It may also be useful for the acculturation of the case managers through their engagement with a health healthcare service that has embedded into its service By-Laws specialist healthcare models, values and ethics.
A seamlessly integrated virtual mental health system of the present disclosure is designed by ‘reverse-engineer’ the ‘parts’ or ‘components’ or ‘building blocks’ of the underlying virtual infrastructure, most of which have needed to be ‘built from scratch’ (invented—see below design levels 1, 2, 4 and 5) and the other parts (in level 3) have needed to be re-constructed in an innovative manner (synthesized, modified, translated) to work together cohesively (see level 3) as a system of ‘clinical care pathways’ from where the user can interact with other levels to access the services and functions they provide. As shown in
This schematic of the ‘Virtual’ Mental Health System Infrastructure system or platform of an embodiment of the present disclosure can be demonstrated three processes:
Referring to
From left-to-right of
As shown in
Referring to
Each of the levels are discussed in the following table, where the real-world equivalent is given adjacent to the virtual mental health system infrastructure component:
The key ingredient missing from the current digital healthcare systems is a specialist psychiatry-grade Education and Training system that incorporates trans-diagnostic as well as specific disorder and multi-modal treatment content that has a positive engagement strategy relying on its organization into a constellation of complementary visual analogies, new enhanced classificatory system of explanatory categories (to complement and enhance the existing descriptive disorder categories) and autonomous learning principles.
The MindSkiller mental health literacy Elearning course's key design strategies were:
(i) to embed technical terms and jargon within the content using a method that could hide, disguise and minimize any specialized language that an educated layman may not know from present pop-culture.
(ii) for the material to be highly engaging for the users (see ingredients below).
(iii) for the user's capacity to process, register and recall the information provided to be taken into account, such that there would be no more than three key messages at a time.
To achieve these novel design strategies, the ingredients of the approach developed includes:
(1) providing an exquisitely purist ‘visual learning’ infotainment methodology in the system where complementary and integrated ‘theme-based’ images and animations are served as core building blocks of the primary ‘symbolic language’ that the user learns experientially as they journey through the storylines. The images and animations are graphical direct representations of mental health concepts. The avatars' speech bubbles and sparse text supports the images rather than images supporting text (the usual status quo). Videos are only sparingly used for optional extra introductions to the units and are not necessary for the user to watch as they hold no unique information (which also differs from some of the educational digital mental health services currently available, which either rely predominantly on text or on videos as the core educational or training delivery methods). Clinician Providers will experience accelerated learning because of their pre-existing knowledge and skillsets and will find it refreshing to re-conceptualize their jargon-rich terminology of the mental health concepts into systems of visual representations and of simple explanatory categorizations that have embedded into their design contemporary psychiatric patient and system care models, principles, values and aspirations.
(2) Adopting ‘Autonomous learning’ principles similar to that used to develop narrow-targeted cognitive remediation programs for use in a broader-scale, comprehensive multi-dimensional learning system. The cognitive based programs are narrowly targeted toward either assisting people with chronic psychotic disorders or children with learning disorders like dyslexia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder that employ visual learning and autonomic learning principles. These are simple skill-based learning exercises using neuropsychological cognitive-behavioral learning models aiming to strengthen or re-train specific underdeveloped neurological modalities in the case of childhood learning and developmental deficiencies and target so-called ‘negative symptoms’ in patients with chronic psychotic disorders, which also target improving injured neurological circuits that affect attention, motivation, social cognition and judgement in essential basic daily activities of living. Online cognitive training programs promising to improve various types of cognition like memory (IQ) have been developed such as Lumosity.com.
(3) Providing a theme-based ‘symbolic language’ of interconnecting representational visual analogies, metaphors and infotainment styled dramatic narratives employing role play interface in the system of the present disclosure. Most of the text is embedded in speech bubbles from conversations between characterological representations of three team members—a programmed avatar of the psychiatrist inventor, a programmed avatar assistant who represents either a mentor, clinician or a coach and the user is represented by an ‘alter ego’ in-theme avatar. The assistant avatar is a Tugboat with three life preservers, each of which is a clickable link to each of the three MindSkiller services eLEARNING, CONNECT and PLUS. MindSkiller CONNECT service will activate the brokerage service that enables the user to video communicate with a mentor, clinician or coach for brief episodes of clinical support whilst they are using the eLEARNING service. In future versions the user will be able to receive that support and guidance simulating the external provider communicating directly through the Tugboat avatar.
(4) The visual contents have been guided by explanatory categorizations unique in the system of the present disclosure as syntheses of biomedical, neuroanatomical, evolutionary, biopsychosocial, cognitive-behavioral and psychoanalytic models. The result is a unique synthesis between the ‘mental health visual analogical representations’ of mental health concepts and with the mental health ‘conceptual’ or ‘explanatory categorizations’ that can be presented digitally in the system of the present disclosure.
The approach taken in the MindSkiller eLEARNING service in the system of the present disclosure has been:
The approach taken in the MindSkiller eLEARNING service have been:
Reference is now made to
There is no other digital mental health services has come close to the present disclosure incorporating all these:
The Learning Units incorporate all the current models of care and treatment so it is multi-modal: person-centered care, trauma-informed care, multidisciplinary care, shared care, blended care, stepped care and staged care, whilst protecting users' confidentiality based on healthcare values.
The Learning Units are based on autonomous learning principles to make the education and training service highly engaging, practical and sophisticated.
The Learning Units use true visual learning methods creating a theme-based virtual universe of seamlessly integrated visual analogies that removes technical jargon and makes the concepts understandable to any user be they a patient with no prior knowledge or training, to mentors, coaches and clinicians both medical and non-medical.
An operationalized stepped care ‘clinical support’ service enabling users to access immediate real-time brief episodes of Telehealth support and guidance from accredited providers whilst the users complete the Learning Units. Here are some key attributes:
(i) Broad access to “mentors” (e.g., peer supports, family members, case managers) and “coaches” (e.g., exercise physiologists, certified counsellors, certified coaches e.g., ADHD coaches) as well as “clinicians” (general practitioners and specialist medical practitioners, psychologists, mental health nurses, occupational therapists, social workers and other ‘clinical’ health providers) will be built on top of and integrated into the eLEARNING platform, to create a true virtual hospital and community mental health infrastructure.
(ii) Embedded clinical care pathways providing help-seekers and help-providers a structure to interact together
(iii) Healthcare-styled accreditation and quality control measures and processes paralleling real psychiatric hospitals and mental community mental health services, together will optimize quality control
(iv) Designed to supplement and complement primary care, specialist practice as well as cater to non-referred consumers seeking high quality digital mental health self-help services actually developed completely by a psychiatrist rather than the narrow scope of other digital mental health services available.
(v) It will enable users to selectively give their existing health providers permission to monitor their progress.
(vi) Providers will be required to undertake the eLEARNING program to gain accreditation. Higher levels of accreditation will require providers to themselves undertake specified Telehealth support. The program may also serve as a source of CPD for their own regulatory bodies or associations.
Expandability to provide users and providers with access to other digital mental health services that are innovative, translational and complementary to the MINDSKILLER® platform, content, vision and healthcare values.
The functionality and features required for the Minimum Viable Product (MVP) of an embodiment of the present disclosure is described below.
The MVP, subsequently referred to as Version 1.0 or V1.0, is a mental health recovery-oriented pilot version of the MindSkiller eLEARNING Education and Training e-mental health program that has been developed as a prototype with a vision to be able to be utilized by various types of users:
(i) Consumers self-identifying as wanting ‘self-help’ and/or to ‘help-seek’ to recover from a mental health condition
(ii) Consumers who have been identified by a treating clinician as likely to benefit from utilizing an online ‘self-help’ program and/or ‘help-seek’ to recover from a mental health condition
(iii) Consumers who wish to serve as ‘Help Providers’ in the form of ‘Mentors’ to consumers who are seeking help, which may include:
‘Help Providers’ who are existing local health board-certified ‘Clinicians’ who wish to assist and guide help-seeking consumers to improve their mental health literacy
Coaches include non-clinicians supporting people recovering from mental disorders such as
In version 1.0, there is provided three Learning Units that will be fit for these 3 priority purposes:
This document is supported by a sitemap and content deck.
Several workshops were run on the lean canvass, user journey—both for ‘Self-Help’ users and ‘Help-Provider’ users (Clinicians, Coaches and Mentors—which includes peer supports). This has now been translated into this functional specification.
The online journey of the eLEARNING Units is hereby described.
When users come onto mindskiller.com they can browse the site freely, without initially registering. It is important that there are no barriers to exploring the top-level ‘marketing and information’ website and getting a feel for the content and method.
The homepage will explain what MindSkiller is all about. It will have a short video by Dr Egg that explains this, rather than extensive copy.
The user will also be able to see the overall site navigation, with the homepage providing a quick overall summary of the complete site.
The key sections of the website are:
The user will then be funneled to identify whether they are looking to:
This is the basic segmentation of the demand and supply sides of the mindskiller.com platform. This ‘tick box’ is so they can be directed to the patient (Self-Help′ and ‘Help-Seek’) content or the ‘Help-Provider’ content for the clinicians, mentors and coaches who want to become accredited to help others using MindSkiller CONNECT.
Note that another embodiment will need to differentiate two types of ‘Help-Provider’ when they click that option:
Brokering Help-Provider organizational services as well as individual/sole help-providers
A huge gap is the lack of ability for consumers and providers to access innovative new interventions that are built in silos with huge potential that never get off the ground due to lack of knowledge about them and take-up. Large companies have not seen the potential in developing medical devices for mental disorders and despite promising research they simply don't seem to attract large funding like physical conditions do.
In one embodiment, the system disclosure provides the PLUS services for linking to an external provider's webpage that meets the requirements to integrate with the software. This service provided by the system of the present disclosure could facilitate innovation with TMS, there is no reason a TMS machine (or other reasonably safe electronic or electromagnetic stimulation medical device that does not need a clinician operating it where the patient and device is) couldn't be purchased by a consumer who keeps it at home and connects it via software to a psychiatrist's practice who sets the dose, monitors the response and hence treats the patient remotely. There are some extra procedures related to its use that need to be done before actual treatment can start (remotely), but even these could be done remotely. There are caps (look like a blue surgeon's head cap) that fit over the patient's head that help to determine the location for the TMS paddle. That procedure is a visual one, which the psychiatrist could do remotely using video conferencing. Currently, there are concerns about how to administer TMS safely due to the pandemic. The current system is design to control and connect the TMS remotely.
The system of the present disclosure integrates virtual reality with the TMS. The information/communication technologies and the treatment methodologies are both available. What's missing in the current art appears to be creative, visionary entrepreneurs. The potential for developing innovative e-mental health services has never been better than right now. It is anticipated that innovative service providers will want to utilize PLUS to access consumers and providers.
For one embodiment of the present disclosure, the user will just be asked to select one option only, so forcing one decision:
In one embodiment of the present disclosure does not ‘direct’ users what to do, rather it need to be seen to ‘guide’ users to learn Self-Help by providing them with educational material and to ‘match’ Help-Seekers with a spectrum Help-Providers to improve their mental health literacy and capacity for ‘self-coordination.’
A link to a full privacy policy and legal disclaimer will be available.
The home page will also have some summary information of the other tabs and sections, with links for more detailed content.
Patient journey (“the lone ranger” or ‘Self-Helper’) of an embodiment of the present disclosure is described below.
Once a patient has identified themselves, they will be asked to select one of five “Areas of Mental Health Interest” and “Mental Health Disorders” (6 categories of mental disorder) from the interface of the system of the present disclosure. This is to determine if they are just browsing/interested, aware of their disorder or have been previously diagnosed.
This is not compulsory, but MindSkiller will explain that this will help direct the user to the right information. When they register, they will be asked more about the category of disorder they are interested/suffering with and what area of interest they have—which will equate to the Learning Units.
The user will also be given the option of non-disclosure or don't know. In one embodiment, they are given the opportunity if they tick this ‘don't know’ box of arranging a PLUS diagnostic mental health service. For the MVP of another embodiment, it is shaded out for the purpose of demonstration.
In one embodiment, the Tugboat as shown in
The Tugboat needs to be present on most of the screens of the interface to give this option via its CONNECT life preserver image hyperlink. With a limited version of CONNECT active in the MVP, it is possible to explore whether the life preserver image hyperlink can be active as well as visible on the Tugboat to provide its add-on services, in addition to the usage of the Intercom plug-in software that will serve as a partial CONNECT service.
There should be consistent visuals from the front-end interfaces through to the e-Learning content.
Each mental disorder (in the MVP, anxiety disorders and mood disorders are prioritized) will have a high-level overview, presented using the analogy of a journey at sea, with some key characters and avatars, including a Captain—representing an ‘alter ego’ of the patient, the Captain's ship accessories (representing the tools to navigate the boat and cope with stressors—which are the two sets of 3 mental faculties that will be upskilled or matured by undertaking the program) and engine (representing the brain's automatic responses to events—involuntary mental inner subjective experiences), a Tugboat (representing any of the various help-providers—this gets the user used to having a ‘team’ approach to their care in case they do need to seek external assistance to manage their mental health or to recover or to achieve their mental health goals) and other graphics to explain mental health disorders in layman terms.
If the user then wants to learn more, the site will direct them to an online learning platform where they can sign up for some e-Learning. All users have to register for access to all subunits in Learning Units 1, 2 and 3, which in the MVP are all free. In return for this free learning material, they need to exchange this personal data (In other embodiments, these Learning Units will remain available whilst there will be a charge for access to further Learning Units).
The Registration and login interface of an embodiment of the present disclosure is now described in more details.
The user will be asked for their name, gender, date of birth and email address. The email address will serve as their username. The registration page will identify whether they come through from Self-Help or Help-Provider and populate any data that has already been captured e.g., area of interest, disorder selection.
When the users register, they will receive an email to authenticate their identity, including a process to ensure they are not a bot. In one embodiment, the authenticate process would probably require two stage authentication.
Once they have clicked on this email, they can set a password. Registration will allow them to automatically log back into the website and learning management software (LMS).
The eLEARNING services of an embodiment of the present disclosure is now described in more details.
Once they are registered, the user can access the e-Learning units.
The user can undertake the journey in a number of ways:
(1) Do the Subunits sequentially including all quizzes, completing all the content and all the quizzes they then pass to get the Certificate 1 in one preferred embodiment;
(2) Do everything sequentially except completing all the quizzes in which case they don't get a certificate. However, the completed content and whatever they've completed of the quizzes is stored in a database, so that they can come back anytime to complete all required content and quizzes to get the Certificate;
(3) Look through any Learning Unit content and quizzes in a non-sequential self-directed way. Whatever is completed is stored. They can come back to complete the gaps. That includes the option of going directly to explore specific Mental Disorders.
In one embodiment, Version 1 of the eLEARNING system has designed to include 26 individual training modules across Units 1-3 including:
In another preferred embodiment, Version 2 of the eLEARNING system will include an extra 27 individual training modules across Units 4-6 including:
Reference is now made to
In one embodiment, the eLEARNING system may provide a short video introduction for each Unit/Subunits/Disorder. At the beginning of each Subunit, there may be a Captain's Log that summarizes the key points to be addressed in the Subunit. At the end of each Subunit, the Captain's Log will summarize the key points that were addressed in the Subunit.
Either at the end of a Subunit (Plan A) or embedded within the content of the Subunit (latest plan—Plan B; probably will be compared doing both for beta-testing) will be 3 quizzes:
(1) Multiple Choice Questions (probably not with plan B)
(2) Line-matching Questions and Answers
(3) Self-Reflective Questions (these will remain at the end of the Subunit even in Plan B).
The text answer to the self-reflective question is retrieved from the system database and inserted into a personalized ‘management plan’ interface, which can be converted into different format, such as printed, downloaded or emailed as a PDF.
Once the user has completed the training they are issued with an official personalized Certificate 1 that can be printed, downloaded or emailed as a PDF. This will enable Certificate 1 MindSkiller accreditation to be a Help-Provider using the CONNECT software features.
Training/Accreditation Certificates: Current plan comprises:
1) Certificate 1 (also referred to as “Cert 1”) be provided after the user completes Units 1 and 2 in one embodiment.
2) Certificate 2 (also referred to as “Cert 2”) be provided after the user completes Unit 3 in one embodiment.
3) Certificate 3 (also referred to as “Cert 3”) be provided after the user completes Units 4, 5 and 6 in one embodiment.
Because this is a virtual health service of the present disclosure is adapted to accrediting users, there system will be configured to ensure a reasonable quality control. If it combines the quality of control of the training with the actual eLEARNING program itself, that's a novel way to provide a ‘virtual hospital/community mental health service.’ It is similar to how hospitals work in that the structure of the hospital's wards, admission and discharge processes, accreditation of clinical staff, and clinical programs all working together provides a quality healthcare service. That is what's missing from most online digital mental health services—a sophisticated underlying ‘clinical care pathway’ so that is what is being developed to fill the gap. A virtual clinical care pathway to both enhance recovery, the development of resilience and mental fitness that is truly complementary and supplementary to existing face-to-face care pathways and improves efficiency and the user experience of their mental health journey. There are attributes that make it superior to any other digital mental health service—it incorporates all the models that are considered modern, cutting-edge and ethical in psychiatric mental health care—especially being that it truly puts the user in the center of the system.
One embodiment is to require providers to undertake ‘basic training’ using the eLEARNING software (e.g., Cert 1 or Cert 2), to enhance the mental health care of external unaccredited help-providers, including features such as:
1) feedback provided to the health provider in the form of ‘Progress Reports,’ which are user-controlled. This feedback can include some basic information that will itself educate the external provider and improve their mental health literacy in doing so;
2) regular MindSkiller newsletters provided to keep the health provider up-to-date with services and products that can enhance their help-provision of their patients and clients with mental health problems;
3) inviting the external provider to undertake the training to obtain MindSkiller-accreditation to use CONNECT to support their patients/clients/mentees by completing eLEARNING Certificate 1 or 2 and to acquire CPD points;
4) providing access to the disorder-specific Diagnosis Subunits (Stripes on the Sails of the eLearning Ship), which general practitioners, psychologists and other providers can use to look through with their patients.
In one embodiment, the system is designed to be developed based on professional experience and revising hospital by-laws and the system is adapted to provide:
(1) a module engagement for pulled data through to the users' profile and dashboard interface within a myAccount interface;
(2) a user administrator adapted to reset passwords, amend data etc. There be interfaces for access to specific database information (e.g., Dashboard and Self-Assessment Response data) by:
(3) disorder links interface that directs the user to a Links page with pointers to further information on:
There will be ‘shortcuts’ to CONNECT Help-Providers who have listed a matched specific intervention with the user's intervention of interest, which they are skilled in and willing to provide assistance with.
(4) a dashboard interface within the myAccount interface where the basic information that is being collected by the system of the present disclosure through a website interface is held in a user profile (MyAccount) and can be accessed at any time through a user's nominated password. This Dashboard will also allow users to self-edit and change their details, change their password etc. The Dashboard will be adapted to display a record of the training they have been recommended and the training they have done. The Dashboard will capture the following key analytics:
(5) Help-Provider journey interface for Clinicians, Mentors and Coaches. In this system, the Help-Providers can be an object class defined as Mentor, Clinicians, and Coaches.
Mentors may include:
Clinicians can be Diagnosticians or Therapists, wherein Diagnosticians may be Psychiatrists, General Practitioners with advanced mental health training/mental health General Practitioners, or Pediatricians; and Therapists may be Psychiatrists (prescribing medication is pharmaco-therapy), Psychologists (CBT, mindfulness and narrative or insight-oriented therapies), or Allied Health clinicians, such as Mental health and general nurses, Social workers, Occupational therapists or Speech pathologists.
Coaches can be Counsellors, Personal trainers, Life coaches or alternative therapists.
After the user has identified themselves as interested in being a ‘Help-Provider,’ they will be asked to Register themselves with MindSkiller of the embodiment of the present disclosure.
In one embodiment the MindSkiller system will carry out one or more of the following steps:
This system is designed to encourage Help-Providers to registering who are not ready to do the MindSkiller training. This is a good prospect pool to engage and communicate with and persuade over time to trial and complete the training.
More detailed information is required from the Help-Providers to make sure they are qualified to provide “mental health guidance” for the purposes of optimizing mental health literacy outcomes of users whilst undertaking the educational program. This information can be input to the system through a registration interface.
The information required by the system may include evidence of qualifications, such as:
The system of the present disclosure is adapted to provide ongoing engagement by various method such as published Newsletter to each user device or providing a blog or news feed for user device to fetch latest information. In one embodiment, all users registered will receive an email update in the form of a Newsletter (one for Self-Help user, one for Help-Providers). In another embodiment, the system may maintain a website Blog section to include information to encourage users back to mindskiller.com.
In one embodiment, the present disclosure is implemented using a Software as a Service (“SaaS”) cloud-based site for the marketing and information site (October CMS), and an open-sourced platform for the LMS (e.g., Moodle).
It is preferable that the Database 74 and Authentication system 64 as shown in
A basic campaign management platform will be required to automate the update emails and track engagement.
Both sites need to be able to test and learn different content and capture feedback from the users. The test site needs to provide detailed analytics and reporting on user behavior on the site.
It is preferable that face-to-face interviews may be conducted with the user to get qualitative feedback on the site or conduct remotely through digital conferencing system.
In another embodiment, security needs to be high to protect the privacy of the sensitive personal medical information provided. The system of the present disclosure may have different options to optimally protect the user's data and protect from cyber-attacks. In one embodiment, two-stage authentication is implemented as a standard process:
In one preferred embodiment, there is provided 3 digital mental health service sections. The 3 digital mental health services are represented by life preservers on Tugboat as shown in
In one embodiment, there is provided a landing page for the 6 Learning Units and 18 Subunits, using a ship analogy—the ‘eLearning Ship.’ In addition to each Learning Unit and Subunit, the website needs to give an overview of all this eLEARNING program so that the user can understand the total program and its structure, like the syllabus of a course. The eLearning ship shows the interrelationship between the eLEARNING transdiagnostic, knowledge check and diagnosis subunits, including:
In one embodiment, the ship design as shown in
The full-size eLearning Ship in an embodiment of the eLEARNING service of the present disclosure with detailing is now described. Rear flags or banners of the Ship are designed to fly horizontally so they can be labelled with the 6 disorder categories. One option is to have a single flag with the title “Disorder” so each flag only needs one word in each flag. Sails are configured to have 6 sections, which line up with these disorder categories. For example, the Mood Banner above the red line on the graphic below needs to line up with the relevant section or square of the Mind, Body and Brain sail. Preferably, the sail is divided into 6 sections, rather than 6 separate smaller sails. There are blue, red and green colored “stripes” that signify the number of diagnoses or Diagnosis Subunits in each section.
The Crows' Nest is configured to be large enough to have labelling Mind, Body and Brain. This is to replace the current portholes graphic, and preferably the color pallet and line drawing design approach as shown in
In another embodiment, a cut down version of the eLearning Ship is provided in the interface as shown in
Each tab now has a drop-down menu as shown in
Referring to
In one embodiment, a new page layout is provided for the first 6 pages of the ‘About: section, although some of the graphics that have been developed as shown in
A new page layout for the How MindSkiller Works section is shown in
In a preferred embodiment of the system of the present disclosure, there is provided an eLEARNING Landing Page as shown in
The objective of the MindSkiller MVP Beta V1.0 is to test the content and online journey with a selected group of users, both Self-Help users and Help-Providers.
The technical strategy of the MindSkiller product of one embodiment of the present disclosure is to take an uncoupled, Cloud based, SaaS approach to the pilot. These platforms will have limitations in terms of how the content is displayed, functionality and the level of customization. However, the business benefits outlined above—of speed to market and lower costs—outweigh these initial limitations in the pilot.
At the end of the pilot, it can be determined whether the platform needs to migrate to a bespoke platform, specifically coded for the MindSkiller user experience and functionality. Ideally this platform design can accommodate the next versions of MindSkiller.
Referring to
Marketing Website 12
Learning management system (LMS) 16
Custom MindSkiller services and storage 19
Bolt on SAAS services 18
Moveable Authentication framework 14
Each of these high-level systems will be connected by API's (Application Programming Interface) or Middleware, reducing the amount of custom code that needs to be created.
The system 10 requires a simple, easy-to-use, cheap, fast-to-setup CMS (Content Management System) for the front-end marketing website. The preferred SaaS platform is self-hosted content management system, which has prebuilt templates.
An initial site map as shown in
As self-hosted content management system is user-friendly, the site can be mocked up and easily changed from a look and feel perspective. The initial pages will be based on the website template design as shown in
The custom-built assets can be pulled in as vector graphics as they are completed. It is also envisaged that stock footage, via a subscription with Shutterstock, can be used to also reduce the design costs for the pilot.
Learning Management System 16
In one embodiment, the LMS of the present disclosure is built on an open-source learning management system to provide SaaS LM functionality. From a tech point of view though, the LMS of the present disclosure must provide API's that allow MindSkiller to get data in and out of the LMS when required, as well as webhooks that can be used as triggers for automation. One of the features that may be provided by the LMS of the present disclosure is the possibility of using a separate MindSkiller Authentication framework 14. This would enable MindSkiller to store its users in a separate database, to allow other custom events and reports. Having the user profiles and authentication managed by MindSkiller from the start ensures that any migration issues will be reduced (migration of user profiles/credentials from one system to another is always problematic when re-platforming.)
Custom MindSkiller Services and Storage
Since the Marketing Website and LMS platform will provide a fixed set of features and functionality, any additional bespoke features will need to be coded separately. This can be built as an external code interface, where communication is via APIs. For instance, this is where the following functionality can be built:
In one embodiment, bespoke features system may either be asp.net code or node.js, using a non-SQL database for storage, all hosted with Cloud services. Having as much of the data in a system that MindSkiller controls, gives future platform flexibility and the ability to build further bespoke solutions. The Cloud Services implement in the present disclosure may grant available to start-ups that could allow MindSkiller to provide an economic service. The Cloud Services may be Amazon Web Service (AWS), Google Cloud (GC), Microsoft Azure depending on the target customers and processing requirements.
Bolt on SAAS Services
This Bolt on SAAS services 18 of an embodiment of the present disclosure may include:
Moveable Authentication Framework
In one embodiment MindSkiller provides an independent user authentication system that can snap into other platforms. It is similar to the way that a user can “Login with Facebook” or “Login with Google account” to third party sites. The core login and user profile is stored in a place controlled by MindSkiller, but allows users to login to the Marketing, LMS or future dashboards using that same login.
If oAuth or similar standard is followed, this moveable authentication framework would be possible, ensure that user data is in MindSkiller's control and this data would not be required to migrate when changing to another authentication system.
To determine the final budget for the tech build, the journey map of the present disclosure is translated into a key features/functionality list. This will then provide a more detailed specification for the Custom services (3) and bolt-on services (4).
The custom services will be the major cost component because of developer time. However it is envisaged that the SAAS platforms will provide most of the functionality for one embodiment.
Decoupled are two or more systems that are able to transact without being connected or coupled. A decoupled system allows changes to be made to any one system without having an effect on any other system. A decoupled architecture is where the different components/layers that make up the system interact with each other using well-defined interfaces rather than depending tightly on each other.
If at any stage, it is required to move to a different CMS platform, or change external functionality, a major rebuild of the platform may be required. As long as an LMS supports LTI, the current system 10 can be migrated to another LMS e.g., SAP e-Learning System.
In a decoupled approach as shown in
From a user perspective this approach will also deliver the best seamless online experience. It effectively delivers one site, fully integrated. It will create one front end that is integrated with both LMS and CMS and everything else e.g., if a user is logged into a marketing website they are also logged in LMS. It will make it easier to have a single user dashboard and MyAccount, and allow the system 10 to pull in LMS data into the SMS e.g., a header that informs the user of the progress on their e-Learning etc.
This approach returns to some of the original thinking on architecture captured in the front of this architecture e.g., separate database, authentication system, bespoke software for customized feature etc., which gives us the flexibility going forward.
The decoupled approach recommended is to use a modern software development framework, such as Lavarel. The modern software development framework for the embodiment of the present disclosure is designed to provide robust features, simple and secure authentication mechanism, elegant syntax pattern, well-thought homestead, and affordable. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a PHP framework is used for implementation. With its various useful features, it lets developers build their websites fast and without the struggle. Also, it's very fluent, user-friendly and easy-to-learn and understand. Preferably, the software framework used for the present disclosure contains a web application framework with expressive, elegant syntax. Laravel attempts to take the pain out of development by easing common tasks used in the majority of web projects, such as authentication, routing, sessions, and caching.
The modern software framework in one embodiment of the present disclosure combines the very best of different modules of web frameworks, including frameworks implemented in other languages, such as Ruby on Rails, ASP.NET MVC, and Sinatra. The modern software framework in one embodiment of the present disclosure is made accessible, providing powerful tools needed for large, robust applications. A superb inversion of control container, expressive migration system, and tightly integrated unit testing support gives MindSkiller the tools to build the platform and applications.
This will allow the system 10 to start with a low cost LMS, and then migrate toward a more sophisticated version post-beta. It will also allow us to add extended functionality and features quickly. It also allows the system 10 to use a CMS that is still user-friendly e.g., October CMS. When at some stage, the system 10 of the present disclosure needs to use a new LMS or CMS, the content can be lifted and shifted (as long as the scorn content schema can be used).
Regarding the beta testing stage of the system 10 of an embodiment of the present disclosure, the testers may include Self-Help Users, Help-Seeking Users, and Help-Provider Users.
1) Self-Help Users—those just testing the MindSkiller eLEARNING Service for self-education purposes. They may wish to also undertake the training option (by completing all 3 Units including the 3 quizzes that each contain within those Units that the user has the choice to undertake or to skip) that will yield them with a Certificate (“MindSkiller Certificate 1 in Self-Help Mental Health Literacy” or “Certificate 1”), which they could use as accreditation and use CONNECT to help others as a Peer Support type of Mentor.
2) Help-Seeking Users—those who wish to utilize the MindSkiller CONNECT service whilst they are undertaking the eLEARNING. That includes completing the relevant sections of My Account where the user provides:
a) authorization to send Progress Reports to external help-providers—so they will need to provide some details like the provider's name, email and type of provider (these providers do not need to be accredited)
b) configuring the search parameters of the brokerage service to search for accredited help-providers—those who have competed the training and received at least one Certificate, which will be either Units 1 and 2 for a Cert 1 (any Help-Provider) or Unit 3 for a Cert 2 (any Help-Provider who has completed a Cert 1 or any qualified clinician may attain just a Cert 2) in MindSkiller V1.0.
c) providing information necessary to pay the help-provider (which includes uploading referral documents, Medicare item numbers and the provision for private health insurance details or the details of other types of insurers as well as there may be funding from any or all of those services in the future—if the user wishes to take advantage of those potential funding sources available in Australia).
3) Help-Provider Users—these are users who have undertaken training using eLEARNING and have gained a Certificate. They will be entitled to log into CONNECT and provide clinical support to users who are Help-Seekers (whose using eLEARNING and wish to gain up to 30 min of clinical support using a video-conferencing Telehealth functionality).
In another embodiment of the system 10, it will enable the Help-provider to be paid for their services but beta-testing will not have a payment facility. Some beta-testers will be entitled to bill Medicare for their help provision—these will predominantly be clinicians who can access Telehealth Medicare item numbers if the Help-Seeker has been referred to them and they satisfy Medicare eligibility.
Others may provide help as volunteers for their services or as a barter arrangement for being involved in the beta-testing process e.g., users will not be paying any subscription rates for use of the software to gain education, training and accreditation so they may consider it a ‘fair exchange’ for them to provide any equal amount of time to help-provision that they expended in free use of the software for their benefit.
It is anticipated that in future versions, Help-Seekers will pay Help-providers rates based on the type of Help-Provider, some of which may be able to be subsided or paid for in full by a funder (e.g., bulk billed by Medicare or paid for in part or in full by a health insurer, worker's compensation insurer, corporation, educative facility, non-government organization, health facility or other entity).
MindSkiller pragmatic infotainment rich and engaging eLEARNING service is adapted to provide all user types in the one product (self-help, help-seeking and peer support mentors; other types of mentor, clinician and coach help-providers for training, instant online support and CPD) with some highly novel features, including:
(i) Autonomous learning principles, an innovative true visual learning approach with visual analogies, role play with conversing characters and avatars enabling a minimization of technical words and jargon;
(ii) Continuous user interactivity, personalizing opportunities and embedded quizzes makes training pressure free and the service more engaging than iCBT type courses;
(iii) Specialist psychiatry-grade ‘explanatory categorizations’ incorporated in a syllabus that complements and enhances existingly recognized descriptive classifications;
(iv) Design to supplement, complement and make more efficient and safe existing face-to-face general practitioner, specialist and allied health mental health care.
The system 10 of the present disclosure is adapted to provide online access to innovative digital mental health services to supplement and complement existing general practitioner and specialist care with cutting edge interventions and technological developments, such as AI, VR and neurostimulation therapies.
The system 10 of the present disclosure as shown in the conceptual drawings in
The specialist-grade virtual healthcare system infrastructure provides clinical care pathways that are supplementary and complementary to existing face-to-face care, incorporating multi-modal, trans-diagnostic, multi-user type services, and has hospital-grade healthcare standards, regulations and accreditation processes to maintain quality control for all users.
The system can assist organizations to dramatically reduce financial and productivity losses due to mental health disability;
Bespoke industry-specific versions and business plans can reduce the financial costs of health insurance members with severe personality disorders who maladaptively cope using unhealthy dependency patterns;
The system can improve the effectiveness, efficiency and ease of access for general users by utilizing a specialist-grade mental health literacy service that is broad in scope and was built to fill the gaps from a psychiatrist's perspective who has had a broad professional skill set as a clinician, educator, reform advocate and private sector service development leader.
The benefits of education and training covering all stages of mental health are shown in the conceptual diagram of
The mental health literacy education, training and guidance can empower users to become more self-aware, better understand their needs and better coordinate their care and self-improvement. The method can inspire Help-Providers who are interested in providing clinical support to fill gaps and enhance mental health care delivery.
The system 10 allows users to conduct self-help activity using the eLEARNING service to undertake the Learning Units from beginning to end or in any order. During their self-education, the user may learn to become a Help-Seeker and sample the different types of Help-Providers to experience what they each have to offer.
The three stage concepts of education and training are shown in
The system 10 is designed with three services for anyone interested in ‘Helping Themselves’:
(i) Self-Help support with user-friendly and engaging content using simple messages, practical coping strategies and visual learning;
(ii) Help-Seeker support to sample different Help-Providers to gain a deeper understanding of the types of support and interventions available; and
(iii) Help-Provider support for clinicians, mentors and coaches to enhance contemporary models of healthcare by providing brief episodes of online support and guidance to Help-Seekers.
In relation to Self Help support, the system of the present disclosure is designed for users interested in sophisticated Self-Help to:
(a) Learn an imagery-rich ‘language’ to improve self-awareness and allow Help-Providers to respond better to their needs;
(b) Understand which strategies and interventions they may benefit from; and
(c) Become a Mentor to pass on their knowledge and skills to others after they have learnt how to help themselves.
In relation to Help-Seeking, the system 10 of the present disclosure is designed for anyone interested in seeking support and guidance from Help-Providers. These categories of users are regarded in the system 10 of the present disclosure as a Help-Seeker, who is looking for further support at any time on their MindSkiller journey, including when they are using the e-LEARNING service.
In relation to Help-Providers, the system 10 of the present disclosure is also designed for any type of Help-Provider interested in:
(i) Recommending quality digital services to their patients, clients or personal contacts to complement their face-to-face or online mental health care;
(ii) Providing online clinical support to a Help-Seeker improving their mental health literacy or a Help-Provider undertaking training; and
(iii) Professional self-development to improve their knowledge and coping skills when helping others.
(i) help others' resilience, recovery and Mental Fitness by becoming a MindSkiller Help-Provider—such as a Clinician, Coach or Mentor;
(ii) become an accredited MindSkiller clinician, mentor or coach by completing required eLEARNING Units;
(iii) provide a new blended model of care where users can get immediate clinical support whilst undertaking their education and training and equip those users who may become Mentors to help others; and
(iv) provide a platform to ask questions, receive guidance and learn what different types of Help-Providers can offer them. The type of support facilitated is innovative in being user-determined episodes of psychoeducational guidance based on the user's needs in the moment whilst undertaking the mental health literacy program (expected to be under 30 min), rather than the typical psychotherapy model of consultations associated with a time duration predetermined by the provider (that is usually over 30 min). This Telehealth-based method of mental health literacy support and guidance thereby expands and enhances traditional mental health care models.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the system 10 provides a virtual health service for accrediting users, as such the system 10 is adapted to ensure a reasonable quality control. The system 10 is adapted to combine the quality of control of the training with the actual eLEARNING service itself, which is a novel way to provide a “virtual hospital/community mental health service.” The system 10 simulates how hospitals work in that the structure of the hospital's wards, admission and discharge processes, accreditation of clinical staff, and clinical programs all together provides a quality product. That's what's missing from most online digital mental health services—a sophisticated underlying “clinical care pathway.” That's what the system 10 of the present disclosure is developing. A virtual “clinical care pathway” to both enhance recovery, the development of resilience and mental fitness that is truly complementary and supplementary to existing in-person care pathways and improves efficiency and the user experience of their mental health journey. This will also reduce actual physical contact and minimize risk of spreading virus during pandemic time. And there are attributes that make it superior to any other digital mental health service as it incorporates all the models that are considered modern, cutting-edge and most ethical in psychiatric mental health care—especially truly putting the user in the center. In addition to the mentors, the system 10 is adapted to check external qualifications and insurance status for certain class of users such as clinician (or for some certified coaches) who have the credential to do so as shown in
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the system 10 provides a broad-based mental health literacy service with all the key ingredients in the one program including, but not limited to,
The practical psychiatrist-designed content and clinical support provided by system 10 is designed to cater to the full-spectrum of
Reference is now made to
The system 10 is designed with three main ingredients or principles for the eLEARNING service:
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the system 10 provides a practical and evidence-informed psychiatrist-developed online education program that grows sophisticated mental health literacy in all user types, utilizing an intuitive theme-based ‘visual language’ based on visual analogies, metaphors and representations, jargon-free layman's language and simple messaging, that is designed to be complementary to face-to-face clinical care and support and other types of online clinical care and support.
The MindSkiller system 10 of the present disclosure gives Help-Providers an underlying psychoeducational landscape/structure/platform through which to assist and support ‘Help-Seekers’ and encourages them to become accredited to become a ‘Help-Provider.’ This includes the features that:
The present disclosure of system 10 is adapted to provide a clinical service focusing on empowering the user to become their own coordinator of their mental health care.
The system 10 gently encourages users to do what they need to do to get the results/outcomes they are looking for, which includes Help-Seeking—and the program facilitates them doing that both with their existing external Help-Providers who can receive a progress report if the user wants that and their provider is interested/able to accommodate.
In one embodiment, the system 10 is adapted to connect to a printing service or printing server where the user can print a hardcopy report and take it themselves to their provider. It is useful for users to become familiar with their MyAccount being the single destination within the system 10 to get an overview of all their data and progress on the platform of system 10, be able to print out material from the e-LEARNING service, including their answers—as well as sending a summary report to their Help Providers. The user can access MyAccount to do this, as this could be challenging to initiate from the LMS. For example, Campaign Monitor—the SaaS plug in used in the system 10 to manage and track emails if integrated into the CMS not the LMS. MyAccount is in the CMS. In another embodiment, the MyAccount is in the LMS.
The system 10 is adapted to step through the process of how a summary report of the user's journey through the e-LEARNING service can be sent to a Help Provider in secured form to protect the sensitivity and integrity of the data. There will need to be a number of checks in this journey so ensure that the user really does want to send the date.
In one embodiment, the system 10 of the present disclosure the CONNECT By-Laws can guide accredited Help-Providers what to do if they come across a Help-Seeker who is acutely distressed or is perceived to be an acute risk to themselves and their management requires assistance that is outside the parameters of what the Help-Provider can do to support and guide the user during the brief episode of ‘clinical support’ within MindSkiller. As such, the system 10 of the present disclosure can help a suicidal user by using the system to divert them to appropriate mental health care/service.
In one embodiment, the MindSkiller system 10 of the present disclosure can provide structure in the chaos and ruggedness of the unorganized digital mental health service environment. For a user with a mental disorder, there is currently no quality virtual hospital-community system with clinical care pathways layed out for them.
In one embodiment, the system 10 of the present disclosure is built based, at least partially, on the ‘stepped care model,’ which encourages low-cost, easily-accessible pathways starting with online education and support as the first step and each step takes the consumer to higher levels of specialist support, guidance and care. This model is considered vulnerable to misuse if it is not part of a specialist-informed mental health system where the assessed needs of the user guide the level of care they should obtain.
In one embodiment, the system 10 of the present disclosure may provide access to specialist assessment early—that's a specialist-informed ‘early intervention’ model. ‘Stepped care’ is inconsistent with ‘early intervention’ if it is not specialist-informed. An analogy with a physical health condition is that if a user has a skin lesion that is beyond the general practitioner's skillset, the general practitioner will refer the patient to a dermatologist early to ensure it's not a melanoma, because it does not make sense to wait as that would risk it progressing to the stage that it has spread and then requires more invasive life-saving measures. The same specialist-informed ‘early intervention’ model in mental health care should be used.
The MindSkiller system 10 can solve this problem by being adapted to provide ‘stepped-care’—it can both enable Self-Helpers to help themselves without external support and also provide rapid, user-defined brief episodes of access to all types of clinicians, mentors and coaches when they wish to ‘Help-Seek.’ This is a form of ultra-rapid ‘early intervention’ that can be delivered to the users by Help-Providers who have been MindSkiller-accredited and who are familiar with the content in eLEARNING (incorporating the visual language, which it utilizes to psychoeducate consumers). The Help-Providers will answer questions posed by the users during their journey through the eLEARNING service. It can encourage brief episodes of help-seeking about specific mental health concepts and introduce them to the different types of help-seeking and Help-Providers who exist in the external world. It gives the user a way of ‘testing the water,’ ‘playing with’ and ‘rehearsing’ help-seeking. It is anticipated that this will improve their knowledge, skills and strategies for help-seeking in the external world.
In another embodiment of MindSkiller system 10, there is provided a platform that is adapted to facilitate highly collaborative forms of care utilizing case conferencing, which reflects a further core model of care utilized in quality psychiatric practice: multi-disciplinary care. Here, there is a team approach to patient care or case management. This is generally reserved for cases with more severe, complex or chronic disability.
In summary, the system 10 contains three leading models of care designed to operate at a mental healthcare system level that endorses three clinical care pathways:
In addition, the system 10 may also have six other models of care designed to support a help-seeking individual patient or consumer. These 6 ‘best practice models of individual care’ are utilized in MindSkiller system:
1. Person-centered care model to take into account the individual's subjective circumstances, emotional state and any stated preferences, and respond comprehensively, non-judgmentally and compassionately. The core principle is that they be treated ‘like a person not a number’ and minimize their feeling objectified, dismissed or that meaningful aspects of their identity or personal priorities ignored.
2. Trauma-informed care model knowing that many people with mental ill health have suffered emotional, physical or sexual trauma as an adult and/or in their childhood, which may influence their presentation, expectations and interpersonal interactions. The core principal is to try to keep in mind that many patients who might be defensive, fearful, negative and even hostile may be being self-protective as a result of learning that the world can be a cold, dangerous and hurtful place and an encounter with a healthcare provider is an opportunity to experience a different kind of response to their being in pain and vulnerable—open-minded, accepting, non-judgmental and compassionate interactions, which can help reduce defensiveness and balance them out.
3. Developing mental health literacy:
4. Counselling to enhance decision-making:
5. Coping skills enhancement:
6. Utilizing cultural resources: there is an abundance of taxpayer-funded or subsidized non-government organizations (NGOs) and private individuals and organizations that provide mental health psychosocial support and care, with a few examples being:
People who have suffered racial, ethnic or cultural genocide, dislocation, displacement, forced immigration, discrimination, persecution and been targeted or disadvantaged en masse to connect with their cultural practices, rituals and ideologies who have posttraumatic mental health problems can benefit greatly by help-seeking from mental health services that are trauma-informed and take into account cultural backgrounds and languages.
In summary, the MindSkiller system 10 enables users to be introduced to all the modern mental health models and practices known to be useful to mental health care at both healthcare system and individual levels, and to encourage their learning about, trailing and utilizing the models that are useful to them anytime that a need arises to help-seek during their journey through the program.
The system 10 of the present disclosure is adapted to assist understanding of the six key categories of mental disorder (Anxiety, Mood, Personality, Psychotic, Substance Use and Eating Disorders) and how they relate to one another. Often sufferers have multiple categories that need to be looked at holistically, how they interact, not in isolation.
The system 10 may facilitate better assessment and treatment coordination, connecting the patient to all the key relevant help-providers to optimize care. It will facilitate general practitioner care, who continues to guide and advise the patient, but now the patient has improved self-understanding and will be a more capable collaborator in their own care. The system 10 may deliver this experience so that patients can access the right information and assistance but keep their healthcare costs down. By using the system 10, users will be provided with the confidence to do their initial research and understand more about their mental health and to have the mental health literacy to communicate about their mental health, whilst they may be waiting for in-person providers to become available.
In another embodiment, where countries, like Australia, have Medicare subsidies, rebates and safety nets available to provision of online mental health care, MindSkiller system 10 will be built to utilize those funding opportunities that encourage care and remove barriers to care. It may deliver a practical and personalized online experience, with some offline, in-person, or by telehealth consultation when needed.
In another embodiment, the system 10 can improve co-ordination, triage and assist the user to become aware of the treatment options based on the disorders and nature of symptoms they are suffering, assisting them in their discussions with help-providers to ask questions and personalize their management package.
In another embodiment, triage platforms may reference the MindSkiller system 10 on their sites showcasing that it offers high-quality mental health content and services—which makes the two approaches complimentary.
In another embodiment, the Mindskiller system 10 of the present disclosure can introduce innovative elements to improve care coordination and triage for use in large corporations and the health funder industry.
1. The capacity to develop an industry-specific version within PLUS services;
2. design and structure of the system 10 permits integration of infrastructural ingredients that enable the development of a cohesive, seamless purpose-specific mental health system; and
3. The categorization mental health system.
The innovative elements of the present disclosure can assist to rein in costs within the health insurance industry in a way that can actually enhance the healthcare and improve health outcomes of the members. This is, of course, dependent on the innovative design, elements and structure of the system 10 of the present disclosure.
In one embodiment, the system 10 is adapted to provide independent outsourced support to healthcare funders (any health insurer or organization employing staff for whom they may find themselves in the position of needing to fund the consequences of poor mental health e.g., sick leave, poor performance, worker's compensation claims) interested in subscribing to a digital mental health platform that provides 3 digital mental health services that have been specifically designed/tailored to effectively, efficiently and ethically provide clinical support to their high-cost members—noting the subgroups that are likely to comprise the members with mental disorders:
Part of the problem is that the prior art system enables their learnt helplessness because it fails to deal with their underlying problem: that they get secondary gain from being chronically ill by reinforcing the message that they need to depend on their external personal supports, healthcare and allied healthcare providers and other non-healthcare qualified help-providers (all or some of whom may or may not be supplying them with high quality care or the type of care that will enable them to recover or gain optimal functional independence) and the system to financially support their healthcare and wellbeing. It may actually potentially be reinforcing their schemas that they are helpless, untreatable, needy victims of their poor health and inability to function, study or work in any meaningful way.
The prior art system also contributes to their chronicity by responding in a haphazard, inconsistent and bureaucratic way to them and their problems. For example, often a case manager is allocated who tries to collaborate with the client in their coordination and funding of their care. Often it is not a pleasant role as conflicts and disagreements arise when the case manager attempts to rationalize their healthcare choices and management plan. Often the clients perceive the case manager to be an adversary who is preventing them from receiving what they perceive to be in their interests. The help-providers of the client may side with the client and the case manager's level of influence is diminished. Many case managers stay for short periods of time in these roles as they are unpleasant. That leads to some chronic clients having multiple case managers who continue the plan in place as there is resistance from the client or their help-providers to make any changes and arouse the frustration and discontent of the client and their supports. The client's position is thereby reinforced and they become more confident at resisting change that may provide benefit and potential for improved outcomes. Many consumers and their supports are wary and distrustful of any psychosocial support or rehabilitation programs that the funding organization is implementing in-house because they perceive or experience those programs as not being independent and having a biased agenda to reduce their claims and costs rather than truly assist in their healthcare. Hence, the consumers may ‘dig in’ and become defensive of their position and perception that they are chronically ill, disabled and dependent. This describes a ‘vicious circle’ where their helplessness is reinforced as the system is not addressing their underlying problem—which is actually their learnt helplessness and resistance to change even when that change may be for the better. It is possible that those members or employees may not actually wish to get better—they may take solace and derive perverse gratification from being chronically ill and dependent. It is a regression to a childlike state of underdeveloped maturity, incompetence dealing with the outside world and a state of permanent vulnerability where they desire that their supports (external mentors, clinicians and coaches) reinforce that illness-disability unhealthy overdependent state. As time goes by, it no longer becomes a ‘state’ but their ‘trait’—it becomes their new identity: with their internal narrative or schema being that they are a chronically helpless, dependent person who is hopelessly untreatable. They cling to that ‘depressive’ identity and resist maturation of it because the environment is an inherently bureaucratic one that they resist and rebel against in an infantile manner and which ultimately often permits them to reinforce it because their external clinicians who have adopted the helplessness schema of the consumer during their dealings with the consumer and they helplessly ‘tick the boxes’ saying the consumer is permanently psychologically disabled and needs perpetual care and to be taken care of financially for their wellbeing.
The funding organizations tend to respond:
Sometimes these responses work but they are tedious, expensive, can damage organizational reputation, reinforce a defensive bureaucratic system culture and methodology, they don't work in many instances—in fact, they may reinforce the problem (as explained above) and they do not address the underlying causative problems.
In another embodiment, the system 10 is adapted to target the needs of the following three groups—those who have had sub-optimal care, those who have ‘internalizing’ personality disorders—have learnt helplessness and dependency, and those who have ‘externalizing’ personality disorders—the exploiters and entitled demanders with anger problems, to improve their health outcomes, to improve their ability to function, to weed out exploiters and those with unreasonable expectations to improve the sophistication of the system so that it is not—unintentionally and expensively—reinforcing chronicity and associated high healthcare costs.
In this embodiment, the system 10 has the capacity to provide an approach where a corporation can outsource the problem members or employees to a PLUS services healthcare provider who has the capacity to—independently, collaboratively and aligned with public healthcare values—provide a high-quality, specialist psychiatry-grade digital, telehealth and virtual mental health service that effectively, efficiently and ethically can add value by providing adjunctive, supplementary and complementary ‘clinical support services’ to the existing healthcare of these groups by their external clinical, allied health and adjunctive healthcare providers. The added digital, telehealth and virtual services will enhance their healthcare, level of function and reduce their criteria as being chronically disabled and thereby lead to reducing overall costs to align with the actual minimal healthcare needs of these groups.
The PLUS healthcare service will have these innovative features that are generally lacking from existing external private and public healthcare systems and digital health platforms:
The purpose-built industry-specific PLUS service will include a specific training program to accredit the help-providers who may be determined to be useful for the consumer to acclimatize the consumer to the external mental health system, types of help-providers and the interventions available to them (by a sole mentor, clinician and coach provider and also by mental health service organizations who will also be accredited to be of a quality that aligns with the healthcare values, principles and models used within the program). The clinical care pathway will be bespoke fit-for-purpose to take into account the specific external healthcare funder environment, context and aims.
It is anticipated that the organizational ‘case manager’ will serve as a ‘mentor’ to the consumer—this will be anticipated to turnaround the unhelpful culture of the case manager being perceived as an adversary or funding blocker.
There will be regular case conferences collaboratively chaired by the case manager and specialist psychiatrist—which the external healthcare providers will be invited into and be required to participate in in order for them to be paid by the funder as per the consumer's contract—to develop a management plan that will include the expected minimal usage of the digital eLEARNING course and the telehealth clinical support.
The management plan will outline the progress, tasks and goals for the user and what they will be required to undertake as there will be minimum expectations of their participation in their self-improvement, recovery and improved functional capacity. That will include minimal amounts of telehealth time with specified help-providers (mentors, clinicians and coaches). The consumer's commitment to the management plan will be monitored by the consumer and all help-providers to ensure that the consumer will adhere to the minimal participation that will be required by their contract—they undertake self-help, that they learn how to help-seek and that they ultimately will help-provide as a peer support to others.
The modified clinical pathway will work most effectively if it will be backed up by contractual clauses that specify that the consumer will need to also take some responsibility for their mental health, well-being and capacity for functional recovery. It will encourage their motivation and participation in the program. The detail of the contract could include financial levers for both the consumer and their external healthcare providers. There could also be milestones that recognize the progress of the consumer in improving their mental health literacy in all levels, as: self-helper, help-seeker and help-provider. When they reach capacity for help-provision they will be effectively be developing a new skillset, which they can then use to become a professional peer support when they graduate from this bespoke version of the mental health literacy platform to the general one available outside of the industry-specific version.
The system 10 of the present disclosure can therefore provide a general-purpose, non-industry specific digital mental health platform containing the three digital mental health services that provide digital, telehealth and virtual clinical support will provide credibility, support the perception of the industry-specific versions being different versions but retaining the independence of the broader purpose product, and will provide an avenue for the consumer to graduate to where they can return to being identified as a non-ill person rather than someone unendingly dependent on others for their wellbeing (when appropriate).
It is innovative to build a modified virtual hospital and community mental health care infrastructure/telehealth service ‘on the footings of’ a digital eLearning education and training program that is designed using new, improved-upon conceptual models of mental health, disorder and mental health care that serve as overarching blueprints that can enhance the care of consumers, the treatment of providers and integration of all infrastructural elements into a cohesive mental health system that has not been possible without the new models and this holistic conceptualization.
In one aspect of the present disclosure, the system 10 comprises an AI engine to process user data and make recommendation(s) to user.
The AI engine may play a large role in MindSkiller system in one embodiment. The AI engine of the system 10 is supported by extensive user data and probably third party (e.g., Facebook, National Health data, OpenGov etc.) data to achieve the “Big Data” status to be able to deliver an AI solution.
In one preferred embodiment, the MindSkiller platform of the system 10 is adapted to capture real time data in Step 101 and ultimately this can feed into the AI engine through Steps 103 to 105 for processing and drive a number of applications in Step 106 that provide a 1:1 personalized service through MS, including (but not limited to):
In one embodiment the AI engine 100 of the system 10 is adapted to provide recommendations on eLEARNING service based on their profile.
The AI engine is adapted to aid data-analysis of user profiles (disorder categories and areas of interest, help provider choices—past, existing and future, contents pages) which could help to personalize/individualize the recommendations of what order to undertake the eLEARNING program and use of the other two packaged digital services such as CONNECT and PLUS.
The eLEARNING Sytem 132 is adapted to provide questions and receive feedback from user to supplement and enhance with three types of mental health literacy-improving these 3 coping strategies:
MindSkiller refers to 3 sets of mental skills:
In another embodiment, the AI engine 100 is adapted to provide personalized e-learning based on the individual's profile and behavior—including VR/XR. The AI engine 100 is adapted to aid data-analysis of the user's choices made within the 3 services to enhance how they access and journey through the eLEARNING service, CONNECT and PLUS, to improve, refine and maximize their mental health literacy skills and strategies. This may also drive recommendations for (or, if user chooses, automatic access to) CONNECT and PLUS add-on services.
The AI engine 100 may provide automated assistance for users online (Bots) and with their training in a preferred embodiment. Various learning AI options as listed below may be provided.
The AI Engine 100 in one embodiment may provide journey assistance to the eLEARNING (helping users navigate through the platform based on their profile)—front end management. The AI engine 100 may aid data-analysis of the user's choices made within the 3 services to enhance how they access and journey through the eLEARNING service, CONNECT and PLUS, to improve, refine and maximize their mental health literacy. This may also drive recommendations for (or, if user chooses, automatic access to) CONNECT and PLUS add-on services.
The AI engine 100 in one preferred embodiment is adapted to conduct matching for the right Help providers with Help Seekers. The AI engine 100 may aid matching of the Help seeker with Help providers include:
Regarding the services, this includes:
In one embodiment, the AI engine 100 is adapted to assist, predict diagnosis on mental health disorders, based on the data of the user and others have shared with MindSkiller. In a preferred embodiment, this is represented by ‘diagnostic meters’ into the sails where there is a percentage probability of this being a ‘disorder/diagnosis of interest’ based on the user's preferences and choices and interactions with the platform. This can be divided into either being a ‘diagnosis of interest’ or a ‘diagnosis’ based on the type of user (self-helping or helping others). In one embodiment, the user may engage in eLEARNING provided by the system 10. The user interacts with eLEARNING service that may contain a series of story narratives, questions and answers. The system 10 will collect the input of the user. In a preferred embodiment, the system 10 comprises video and audio input and output devices such that the image and sound of the user may be collected as well. The AI engine 100 may under transdermal optical imaging or voice recognition to detect underlining moods or conditions of the user when engaging with the eLearning system. In order to do so, the inputs of the user will be tagged with the user ID and timestamp. Other more invasive equipment, such as EEG, ECG, BPM, devices may be connected to the user device for data collection as well. In this way, a deeper meaning and understanding of the user interaction can be analyzed to provide a better personalized program.
In one embodiment, the system 10 comprises a grid:
The grid reflects the 3 steps that supplement and enhance traditional classification:
Step 1: The ‘Categories of Mental Disorder’ are simplified from existing classification systems into 6: Mood, Anxiety, Personality, Psychotic, Substance use and Eating Disorders.
Step 2: All causative ‘mechanisms’ are divided into 3 general subtypes—‘Brain Body and Mind.’
Step 3: A specific psychiatric ‘Diagnosis’ given to an individual represents the nicknames used by psychiatrists that is the product of the marriage between the ‘category’ of disorder (the formal descriptive classification) and one of the ‘subtypes’ (underlying general causative mechanism).
The AI engine 100 is adapted to add valance to each of these steps. Like a ‘barometer’ next to each of the elements of the grid changing/being revised as the user uses the platform.
In one embodiment, the system 10 comprises an AI Engine 100 adapted to provide ‘Help Seeking’ strategies from the 3 kinds of Help Providers. This is particularly helpful for someone who has reached the limits of their abilities to ‘help themselves.’ These three kinds of Help Providers are:
Clinicians with clinical expertise such as Psychiatrists, General Practitioners, Mental Health Nurses, Psychologists, Psychoanalysts, Social Workers, Occupational Therapists and Dieticians
Mentors with lived, personal or life experience such as Peer supports, Carers, Family Members and Friends
Coaches with specific well-being and performance-enhancing training methods such as Personal Trainers, Counsellors and Case Managers
The AI engine 100 is adapted to recommend types of clinical supports to the user whilst they are undertaking the education and training in eLEARNING—to sample the different types of Help-Providers via the CONNECT service, which will guide users about what each of the Providers has to offer. Users will thereby gain a deeper understanding of the types of support and interventions available.
Whilst mental health literacy traditionally consisted of understanding about mental disorders, their management and the principles of behavioral and biological interventions, MindSkiller system 10 may help a user to learn how to:
An example of the disorder module (termed ‘Diagnosis Subunit’) of the system 10 of the present disclosure comprises the following:
The 3 types of intervention from ‘Help Seeking’:
These interventions can serve as a guide about what the possible ‘ingredients’ of a personalized ‘management package’ might look like:
An example from the ‘Reactive Depression’ module (Diagnosis Subunit) is shown below.
The system 10 may also provide examples of the positive lifestyle choices those with a dominant emotional mind:
The AI engine 10 can help refine, improve and enhance the matching of services and information for the user in their personalized ‘My Management Links to Help-Providers, Services and Information webpage at the end of each disorder module.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a Mental Healthcare System optimization through access to a specialist-grade ‘virtual mental health system infrastructure.’
The system 10 can enhance product validity of the PLUS additional services due to it being seen to be and experienced as an adequately independent healthcare service.
The present disclosure of the ‘virtual mental health system infrastructure’ can effectively supplement and complement existing mental health care in the treatment of mild, moderate and severe mental disorders could enhance the:
(a) management of mental disorders, poor mental resilience and low mental fitness;
(b) quality of care (improving effectiveness by enhancing the patient's ability to understand their problems, take more responsibility to coordinate their care and to help seek)
(c) measurable health and satisfaction outcomes
(d) efficiency of care (in health economics terms ‘getting more bang for your buck’ by improving overall ‘system productivity’ levels, at the individual level reducing ‘loss of productivity’ and at the funding level reducing welfare and overall healthcare funding costs).
The system of the present disclosure enables the integration of the digital mental health services, which can seamlessly provide clinical support to primary and specialist clinicians who are desperately needed to enhance standard outpatient and/or inpatient mental healthcare—that is, healthcare delivered face-to-face or by telehealth by any unaffiliated healthcare provider but particularly aimed at clinicians such as general practitioners, psychiatrists and psychologists.
The different between the prior art and the present disclosure is that the system of the present disclosure is not a duplication of existing services—such as another emergency or crisis service, which is only required by a minority of their patients and there are existing online and phone crisis support services available. In fact, the gap could be understood as what the majority of clinicians' patients do not need or want:
(a) another service for crisis support (this space is taken e.g., Lifeline and phone support from multiple other services)
(b) a digital mental health service targeted very narrowly at some specific disorder (mild anxiety and depressive disorders)
(c) a digital mental health service providing a specific narrow treatment modularity such as iCBT (either disorder specific or transdiagnostic iCBT, even if guided by clinicians e.g., MoodSpot)
(d) an overly simplistic iCBT wellbeing course designed by academics rather than clinicians.
Another advantage of the present disclosure is that the system of the present disclosure is able to balance the supply and demand for clinical specialist-grade psychiatric services.
Because it is increasingly difficult to get appointments with private psychiatrists (long waiting lists, poor ability to match the patients with the optimal psychiatrist for their needs and increasing gap payments are making private psychiatrists less and less affordable and accessible) and both public hospital and community mental health services have increasingly raised the entry bar and access to those services are increasingly unavailable to the majority of patients. That's because those services are increasingly being reserved for severe acutely disordered patients with high risk level or behaviors. Public services are increasingly catering to crisis care and people with severe chronic mental illnesses e.g., schizophrenia complicated by substance abuse, where they are a danger to themselves or others and need to be maintained on depot antipsychotic medications.
That's part of the reason referral to psychologists has become so prevalent by general practitioners—so they can access psychological care for their patients much faster and more easily. In fact, many psychologists have rented rooms within general practitioner practices since the introduction of the Medicare Better Access Scheme in Australia that subsidizes limited numbers of psychology consultations.
Despite this increasing gap and delay between supply and demand in being able to access specialist-grade psychiatric services, general practitioners, psychiatrists, psychologists and other clinicians have not been referring as a standard practice their patients to digital mental health services to fill the gap because these are not specialist-grade services. They are much more limited, narrower, oversimplistic and lack the ingredients that are needed to provide an effective, quality, efficient and user-friendly service to supplement and complement primary care—or to make specialist care more efficient (increased throughput). What would be particularly appreciated would be services that can provide input that would assist the general practitioners and psychologists to help support their patients whilst they are waiting for access to the specialist psychiatry and specialist health services.
If a digital mental health services can speed up recovery times that would make the process more productive and more efficient by leading to more patients being seen in the same amount of time by the specialists. Only a specialist-grade digital mental health services can have this capacity because that is the expert knowledge, skills and strategies the primary care providers and the consumers optimally require for more severe conditions that are not self-limiting. An effective digital mental health services would enable this rare and valuable expertise (currently only available by a small group—there are only 3,500 psychiatrists throughout Australia) to be provided at scale.
This gap is also there for people without primary care clinicians who want access to digital mental health services of high quality who are seeking education about mental health before seeking help from anyone. They want to improve their mental health literacy. They may not know who to see. They may not have a regular general practitioner or not wish to speak to their general practitioner without doing their own research first. Most people want to go to the internet first, especially if they perceive their health problem to be personally sensitive or embarrassing due to their subpopulation culture. In some countries, general practitioners are not the coordinator of peoples' health or mental health. In those cultures, people prefer to go directly to specialists.
It has been identified, through extensive research and development, that part of the reason access to digital educational support and guidance mental health services has not been effectively done to date is that it has not been recognized that such a virtual system infrastructure needs to be constructed of equivalent parts to that of an external bricks and mortar mental healthcare system's healthcare facilities, the multidisciplinary team (specialist clinicians, trainee doctors, junior doctors, allied health clinicians, other support staff), specialist-designed clinical tools, contemporary healthcare culture and practices, capacity to accommodate and facilitate academics to conduct research, research translation and innovation, processes to ensure minimum standards with regulations, accreditation processes, clinical care pathways and healthcare values and ethical practices.
The present disclosure is able to solve the above problem by providing a highly sophisticated clinical enhancement tool in the management of mental disorders that has the following structural elements:
(1) A method of teaching that makes the educational and training content applicable to the full spectrum of users, such as referred patients; independent consumers wanting to “help themselves” become more mental health literate; and providers such as: mentors (includes peer supports, family, carers, educators and organizational case managers), clinicians (medical clinicians include general practitioners and psychiatrists, non-medical include psychologists, mental health nurses, social workers, dieticians and occupational therapists), and coaches (such as personal trainers, exercise physiologists, certified coaches);
(2) Therapeutic ‘virtual space’ adapted to provide the full stakeholder spectrum of self-help, help-seeker and accredited help-providers to interact within to enhance clinical care (which includes specified limited interactions with external help-providers) that has purpose-built clinical care pathways guiding all the users toward interactions that will achieve the goals of enhancing mental health literacy developed from a synthesis of all the contemporary healthcare models of care, which create a ‘scaffolding’ to (which can retain an adequate and necessary degree of flexibility and choice that will ensure the users can personalize their experiences to refine the type of knowledge acquisition they need to improve their decision making and coping skillsets maturation and achieve optimal health outcomes);
(3) Hospital-grade healthcare standards, regulations, accreditation processes adapted to support the clinical care pathways, which facilitate and maintain quality control for all users (consumers, mentors, clinicians, coaches and even external consumer helpers);
(4) Convertibility that allows the system to convert into bespoke or modified versions for specific industries or purposes to assist to reduce the negative effects of lowered mental health or mental disorder on productivity, sick days and healthcare and welfare costs, in particular, for large corporations and health insurance companies (private health insurers, workers comp insurers and life insurers)
The present disclosure also provides a theme-based universally-applicable ‘symbolic visual language’ and system of explanatory categorizations to enhance a descriptive classificatory system that increasingly neglects explanatory formulations—as a solution to this absence.
With the highly sophisticated clinical enhancement tool in the management of mental disorders discussed above, the system of the present disclosure is particularly prominent in current circumstances of a global pandemic where it benefits all stakeholders to minimize the amount of face-to-face care required. Some products have been developed that are purported to be digital mental health services that are supplementary and complementary to standard care but they are missing components that are necessary to achieve a level of quality that are required to create a functional virtual hospital-community-industry infrastructure that reflects modern clinician (primary and specialist level) and user expectations and capacity.
Another benefit of the present disclosure over the prior art is that the system of the present disclosure is adapted to provide easy-to-digest explanatory categorizations for mental health concepts including the use of a descriptive approach.
A descriptive approach has dominated the past thirty years since the advent of DSM—but had the negative consequence of unintentionally fueling the oversimplification and overgeneralization of diagnoses and as a result, the entire field of mental health, which has increasingly shifted from specialist to primary care. And in primary care, diagnostic formulations, which has been the more sophisticated biopsychosocial explanatory method employed by generalist psychiatrists since the introduction of DSM, has become lost as a method of understanding the patient and contributing toward the management approach/plan. Diagnostic formulation has become less and less employed even at the specialist level. As a result of these developments, the diagnostic reliability has improved but explanatory understanding has waned. This has not occurred by psychiatrists who practice predominantly psychoanalytic psychotherapy, but that group has become less and less prominent and in fact have become a small but significant minority. That group has continued to shrink and is likely to become a small minority in the future, with the biomedical paradigm more and more dominant, which has also encouraged a more descriptive diagnostic approach largely free of aetiological models.
There has been a more generalist approach used to patient care where the type of management given has been less dependent on the faction the treating psychiatrist belongs to—generalist or psychoanalytic practice. In fact, cognitive behavior therapy and mindfulness-based therapies have grown in popularity whilst most generalists are informed in these and sometimes in psychoanalytic or the milder but also insight-oriented psychodynamic psychotherapies. Hence, psychiatry has become more and more a multi-modal, multi-dimensional assessment and management approach.
The rapid flux in the way psychiatry has been practiced over the past seventy years has led to a delay in public knowledge and how well taught and capable primary care clinicians are in the management of mental disorders. Indeed, psychiatrists themselves have been poor educators of non-psychiatrists and even older psychiatrists have struggled to keep up with developments. Cutting-edge multi-modal psychiatry utilizing all the modern models is not ubiquitously practiced.
One advantage of the system of the present disclosure is the provision of psychiatrists developing education and training models fit-for-purpose to explain, teach and train non-psychiatrists. The system of the present disclosure is able to allow adeptly psychiatrists psychoeducate their patients, their families and the public about modern psychiatric knowledge, models of psychopathology and multifaceted management packages.
Evidence of this is that despite millions of taxpayer dollars being spent on public mental health literacy campaigns, the mental health literacy of the community is actually poor if gauged by sophistication of knowledge about mental disorders, recovery and resilience. There are many “R U OK” campaigns, but that is where the knowledgebase seems to abruptly fall away. One of the highest prevalent mental disorders causing morbidity and mortality is major depressive disorder. Many patients with severe depression are shocked by how ignorant their peers, families and even help-providers are about the different types of depression that exist. That is a failure of quality mental health literacy.
The system of the present disclosure is able to provide virtual hospital-community healthcare system models using digital health platforms and telehealth to provide assistance to health funders paying for the healthcare or welfare payments to consumers with mental health problems who are chronically disabled and ill due to specific types of mental disorders where the consumer's insatiable desire and help-seeking is itself unhealthy and part of their mental health problems and funding that maladaptive healthcare or welfare support actually positively reinforces their dependency, helplessness and inappropriate help-seeking behaviors that are due to:
(a) self-sabotaging their health outcomes due to types of personality disorders that lead to various types of harmful behaviors that propagate their symptoms and loss of function and resistance to recovery, which could be categorized as:
(b) externalizing behaviors—where the consumer is benefiting at others' expense
(c) internalizing behaviors—where the consumer has poor coping at their own expense
(d) loss of touch with reality—where the consumer makes consistently irrational decisions and engages in inconsistent behaviors
(e) engaging in therapeutic relationships that are suboptimally assisting them to recover from their disorders, disabilities and in fact may be unintentionally ‘enabling’ their unhealthy/unhelpful dependencies and resistance to recover.
All these consumers are likely to be the highest cost individuals to any healthcare system and healthcare funding or welfare support schemes.
In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a psychiatry-grade broad scope, pragmatic and clinically-oriented eLearning service for improving mental health outcomes, recovering from mental disorders, reducing psychopathology and improving resilience and mental fitness, that is highly engaging, understandable and utilizable, maintaining user interest to achieve high completion rates, with all types of user needs catered to by the same product:
(a) Consumers with mental health problems (or who are perceived to have problems by their close contacts): those interested in learning about all levels of mental health literacy categorized as self-help, help-seeking and help-providing (as a peer support to a help-seeker engaging in the eLEARNING service, or other types of mentors such as a carer, employer or case manager of a client receiving healthcare funding or support);
(b) Help-providers: mentor, clinician (medical and non-medical) and coach types of help-provider wishing to gain mental health literacy training and accreditation that will:
(i) enable them to provide online ‘clinical support’ to help-seekers using the MindSkiller platform
(ii) assist to upgrade their skillsets in their own external practices and workplaces
(iii) gain CPD points or credits toward their registration bodies' and professional associations' or colleges' CPD programs
In one preferred embodiment, the system of the present disclosure comprises a mental health consumer-provider brokerage service interface that uses clinical care pathways for the education, training and accreditation, and provision of ‘clinical support’ services, which has an underlying virtual hospital infrastructure that ensures minimal standards and quality control, and that utilizes contemporary psychiatric care practice models, principles and healthcare values.
The system of the present disclosure is adapted to provide models of care designed specifically to optimize the technological capacities and potential of the Internet to support an advanced type of mental health literacy through ‘clinical support’ services that can supplement and complement existing mental health care being received to enhance that care by putting the consumer in the center of the system to increase their ownership, responsibility and capacity to serve as a coordinator of their own care.
The present disclosure is able to address problem of the absence in the e-mental health online marketplace of a sophisticated specialist-grade digital mental health literacy education, training and support program for clinicians to refer their mental health patients to or for individuals not receiving any care to access by providing a system adapted to deliver:
(i) Trans-diagnostic—suitable for people with quite different mental disorders or combinations of disorders
(ii) Trans-modal—relevant to users and providers engaged in quite different types of interventions, and
(iii) Trans-cultural or trans-user—truly suitable for different types of users—be they consumers who are interested only in self-help, or are interested in help-seeking assistance from others, or help-providers of different craft groups.
The present disclosure is adapted to provide an e-Learning program. This e-Learning program is adapted to provide the user with the capacity to oscillate between trans-diagnostic and disorder-specific knowledge, skills and strategy.
That is because the current system is adapted to provide contents reflecting an understanding of mental health, mental disorders and psychological distress in terms of practical models with breadth such as the ‘Biopsychosocial Model’ that has become the core explanatory model central to psychiatric practice that informs all assessments, formulations and how treatments and interventions are packaged, prioritized and practiced by psychiatrists and multidisciplinary teams for mental health consumers. In one embodiment, the system comprises an electronic circuit that is adapted to retrieve such contents and deliver to users through a biopsychosocial model interface.
Current online consumer-oriented educative material about mental health is either overly specialized and unfit for most consumers, very narrowly focused (apps) or overgeneralizing, incomplete, irrelevant, misleading or over-simplistic for most individuals because it is almost ubiquitously CBT-based (“cognitive behavior therapy” is a problem-based, solution-focused, reductionistic approach to explaining and managing many types of symptoms and disorders that is almost inane in its simplicity—but it has proven to be a very useful approach. However, it has become recognized increasingly to be inadequate or unhelpful for many individuals. It has been much improved upon by the development of so-called “third-generation CBT” approaches incorporating “mindfulness-based therapies” (MBT)/approaches/principles, but these also are rather simplistic when used in isolation, and poorly taught to patients (and clinicians—for example, most general practitioners would have little capacity to use either CBT or MBT), such that many people still find them lacking or inadequate without other modalities co-utilized—especially medication or “pharmacotherapy”).
Most existing mental health websites have overviews, helper's directories and educational material—but that content is very factual and impractical for what really needs to be done to tackle the disorder.
What is glaringly lacking is online information that is explained adeptly based on a psychiatric lens that combines the explanatory biopsychosocial model (which incorporates CBT and MBT) with the purely descriptive DSM5 that has become the gold standard in classification—but purposefully provides no explanations whatsoever (this ensures reliability of diagnosis—something absent pre-1950s—but does poorly on validity: i.e., how valid is major depressive disorder in two different people with depression? Poor! But that doesn't stop most patients seeing a general practitioner being prescribed an antidepressant, most patients seeing a psychologist receiving CBT, MBT or support and counselling, most patients seeing an analyst analytic therapy; most patients seeing a psychiatrist do end up on a combination of medication and a mix of different types of therapies i.e., a multimodal approach).
In another preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the system is adapted to provide “Reading Eggs” for mental health literacy. Even when online information has more sophisticated content, it is not easy to understand, or not very palatable or not presented in a straightforward, comfortable, entertaining manner to digest.
Current programs are associated with poor adherence, with high drop-out before completion and are poorly motivating to entice users to keep using the product over longer periods of time or to return repeatedly to it such at times of distress or relapse. That is in direct contrast to face-to-face psychiatric care, which is often associated with good engagement, persistence and return at times of relapse.
Autonomous learning theory postulates that for people to want to keep learning a program needs to be not only useful and interesting, but also engaging. MindSkiller was developed to have all of these ingredients. Much of its core content was developed and tested in the field over many years, used with both outpatients and inpatients, in an iterative manner to ensure maximum utility and user-experience. Most programs don't use this approach.
There are a small number of service developers trying to develop a digital mental health service for people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder that use Autonomous learning theory principles but they are developing very narrow tools—so-called “cognitive remediation” programs—that cater very specifically to the cognitive dysfunction of these patients with very disabling chronic persistent psychotic disorders and not to other contributors to their dysfunction—so it is only trying to solve one problem amongst a multitude or cluster of dysfunctions occurring in these patients propagating their conditions—so this is an example of what would be termed as a subspecialized approach or solution, which is typical of mental health services especially digital mental health services—they all are quite narrow in scope because their underlying causation and formulatory models are narrow. However, the present disclosure is different as the present disclosure provides a unique over-arching model of psychopathology (mental disorders, dysfunction, disability) that no-one else has. This is done by programming or wiring the over-arching model of psychopathology into the categorizations of:
(1) normal ‘brain,’ mind,’ ‘brain/mind,’ ‘brain/mind-body’ and ‘brain/mind-body-external world interactions’ function, (in this model ‘brain’ and ‘mind’ is defined in quite a novel way, breaking each of their definitions into 3 elements);
(2) psychopathology (the types of brain dysfunction that can cause clusters of disorders such as the three clusters of personality disorders, but, in particular, the unique three formulatory subtypes model); and
(3) three formulatory subtypes of mental disorder model: can divide the cause of all mental disorders into Mind, Body and Brain mechanisms.
The adoption of a tripartite categorization system to mental health has proved unbelievably useful—see elsewhere: a recurring theme throughout the system of the present disclosure.
In the prior art, there is limited mental health online infrastructure to broker patients with in-house trained and accredited mentors, clinicians (diagnosticians, therapists) and coaches that also includes case conferencing. A true online brokerage program has not been developed—as opposed to a database of help-providers, because an online infrastructure has not been constructed that consists of the necessary ingredients:
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific examples, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present disclosure may be embodied in many other forms, in keeping with the broad principles and the spirit of the present disclosure described herein.
The present disclosure and the described preferred embodiments specifically include at least one feature that is industrial applicable.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2021902531 | Aug 2021 | AU | national |