Patent Grant
10412100
The field of the present disclosure relates generally to providing secure data connections in an aviation environment, and, more specifically, to managing data connections between ground-based computer networks and a plurality of aircraft.
Aviation platforms and infrastructures consist of many complex, networked, and hierarchical systems that perform various aviation computing needs. Some aviation platforms, such as aircraft standalone systems are migrating to e-Enabled networked aerospace approaches for greater operational performance efficiencies. The adoption of e-Enabled architectures and technologies increases the operational and performance efficiencies that results from being networked. The e-Enabling of aircraft systems with aerospace-specific and commercial networking solutions, enables communication between systems, across aircraft systems domain boundaries, and to ground-based systems.
However, the interconnection of aircraft systems domains and improved ability to communicate with on-board and off-board systems increases the risk of current and emerging cybersecurity attacks. Furthermore, different aircraft may use different communication protocols. These communication protocols may vary between airlines, types of aircraft, locations of individual aircraft, and even between different aircraft of the same type. These varying in communication protocols increase the risk of important communications not reaching their destination by being intercepted or corrupted in transit.
In one aspect, a secure communication management (SCM) computer device for providing secure data connections in an aviation environment is provided. The SCM computer device includes a processor in communication with a memory. The processor is programmed to receive, from a first user computer device, a first data message for a first aircraft. The first data message is in a standardized data format. The processor is also programmed to analyze the first data message for potential cybersecurity threats. If the determination is that the first data message does not contain a cybersecurity threat, the processor is further programmed to convert the first data message into a first data format associated with the first aircraft and transmit the converted first data message to the first aircraft using a first communication protocol associated with the first aircraft.
A method for providing secure data connections in an aviation environment is provided. The method is implemented using a secure communication management (SCM) computer device. The SCM computer device includes a processor in communication with a memory. The method includes receiving, from a first user computer device, a first data message for a first aircraft. The first data message is in a standardized data format. The method also includes analyzing the first data message for potential cybersecurity threats. If the determination is that the first data message does not contain a cybersecurity threat, the method further includes converting the first data message into a first data format associated with the first aircraft and transmitting the converted first data message to the first aircraft using a first communication protocol associated with the first aircraft.
In another embodiment, a system for providing secure data connections in an aviation environment is provided. The system includes an aircraft including at least one computer system that communicates via a first communication protocol. The system also includes a secure communication management (SCM) computer device that includes a processor in communication with a memory. The SCM computer device is configured to receive, from a first user computer device, a first data message for the aircraft. The first data message is in a standardized data format. The SCM computer device is also configured to analyze the first data message for potential cybersecurity threats. If the determination is that the first data message does not contain a cybersecurity threat, the SCM computer device is configured to convert the first data message into a first data format associated with the aircraft and transmit the converted first data message to the aircraft using a first communication protocol associated with the aircraft.
The implementations described herein relate to systems and methods for providing secure data connections in an aviation environment and, more specifically, to managing data connections between ground-based computer networks and a plurality of aircraft. More specifically, a secure communication monitoring (“SCM”) computer device, also known as a SCM server, provides a communication interface between a plurality of aircraft and ground-based computer systems. The SCM computer device monitors communications between the plurality of aircraft and the ground-based computer systems for cybersecurity threats, provides secure communication channels between the plurality of aircraft and the ground-based systems, and routes messages between the ground-based systems and the plurality of aircraft using a plurality of communication protocols corresponding to the plurality of aircraft.
In some embodiments, the SCM computer device monitors communication traffic between a plurality of aircraft and one or more ground-based computer systems. The SCM computer device inspects communications from the one or more ground-based computer systems and from the plurality of aircraft to prevent passing on infected or compromised data. In some embodiments, the SCM computer device inspects the payload of one or more packets in the communication. The SCM computer device may also assemble messages that are divided over multiple packets to ensure that the data is not compromised or infected. In the example embodiment, the SCM computer device monitors communication traffic for aircraft while the corresponding aircraft is in flight and while the aircraft is on the ground, such as at a gate.
In the example embodiments, the SCM computer device acts as a real-time communication gateway and establishes one or more secure communication channels with each aircraft of the plurality of aircraft. In some embodiments, the SCM computer device establishes multiple secure communication channels with each aircraft based on the requirements of the corresponding aircraft. For example, different models of aircraft may have different communication requirements. In other examples, different airlines may require different communication protocols and/or formats. This airplane data includes “Safety of Flight” communications. These secure communication channels are required to maintain minimum separation standards within the allocated radio spectrum. Furthermore the data transmitted are categorized and prioritized based on regional and international standards. This data includes information that takes on a heighten level of security that does not tolerate or factor in an acceptable level of data loss. Accordingly, the system is configured for zero data loss. This is in contrast to other network systems, i.e. banking, commerce, entertainment and more, where some loss data can be tolerated and factored into the system requirements.
In the example embodiments, the SCM computer device monitors the established communication channels for communications from the corresponding aircraft. When the SCM computer device receives a communication from an aircraft, the SCM computer device analyzes the communication for potential cybersecurity threats. The SCM computer device reformats the communication and transmits the communications to its destination. In the example embodiment, SCM computer device stores information to identify a plurality of potential cybersecurity threats in a database. The database of identification information is configured to be updated on a regular basis to keep on top of the latest cybersecurity developments and discoveries.
The SCM computer device also monitors for communications to each of the aircraft. When the SCM computer device receives a communication for one of the aircraft, the SCM computer device analyzes the communication for potential cybersecurity threats. If the communication does not include any cybersecurity threats, the SCM computer device reformats the communication into a format that is associated with the secure communication channel to the aircraft. Then the SCM computer device transmits the communication over the corresponding secure communication channel.
If the SCM computer device detects a potential cybersecurity threat in a communication, the SCM computer device quarantines the communication. In some embodiments, the SCM computer device may raise an alarm, alert the transmitter of the potential cybersecurity threat, and/or clean the communication before transmitting the cleansed communication to its destination. The SCM computer device may also isolate the source of the communication The SCM computer device may log infected files for future analysis. In some embodiments, the SCM computer device may use trending to statistically identify threat vectors, so responses can be moved from long term analytical responses to real time responses, based on experience.
In some embodiments, when an aircraft lands, the aircraft transmits a plurality of operational data about the aircraft. For example, the aircraft may connect to a computer system at the gate and transmit the plurality of operational data to the connected computer system. In these embodiments, the operational data includes information about one or more flights of the associated aircraft. The plurality of operational data may be transmitted for later use by the airline or for use by one or maintenance crews to perform maintenance on the aircraft. In these embodiments, the SCM computer device receives the plurality of operational data from the aircraft for transmission to the airline or the maintenance crews. In some further embodiments, the SCM computer device stores the plurality of maintenance data from multiple aircraft. The SCM computer device may use this stored data to determine one or trends. Trends may include, but are not limited to, fuel burn which could indicate fuel impurities that could be isolated to an airport, country or fuel company; specific regions that may be associated with malicious cyber activity; specific times that may be associated with malicious or disruptive cyber activity; specific attacks on specific Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSP) including the FAA; specific airlines that have been the target of focused hacking efforts or denial of service attacks; and specific aircraft that have been the target of focused hacking efforts or denial of service.
Described herein are computer systems such as the SCM computer devices and related computer systems. As described herein, all such computer systems include a processor and a memory. However, any processor in a computer device referred to herein may also refer to one or more processors wherein the processor may be in one computing device or a plurality of computing devices acting in parallel. Additionally, any memory in a computer device referred to herein may also refer to one or more memories wherein the memories may be in one computing device or a plurality of computing devices acting in parallel.
As used herein, the term “cybersecurity threat” includes an unauthorized attempt to gain access to a computer network or system. Cybersecurity threats, also known as cyber-attacks or cyber-threats, attempt to breach computer systems by taking advantage of vulnerabilities in the computer systems. Some cybersecurity threats include attempts to damage or disrupt a computer network or system. These cybersecurity threats may include, but are not limited to, active intrusions, spy-ware, mal-ware, viruses, and worms. Cybersecurity threats may take many paths (also known as attack paths) to breach a system. These paths may include operating system attacks, misconfiguration attacks, application level attacks, and shrink wrap code attacks. Cybersecurity threats may be introduced by individuals or systems directly accessing the computer system or remotely via a communications network.
As used herein, a processor may include any programmable system including systems using micro-controllers, reduced instruction set circuits (RISC), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), logic circuits, and any other circuit or processor capable of executing the functions described herein. The above examples are example only, and are thus not intended to limit in any way the definition and/or meaning of the term “processor.”
As used herein, the term “database” may refer to either a body of data, a relational database management system (RDBMS), or to both. As used herein, a database may include any collection of data including hierarchical databases, relational databases, flat file databases, object-relational databases, object oriented databases, and any other structured collection of records or data that is stored in a computer system. The above examples are example only, and thus are not intended to limit in any way the definition and/or meaning of the term database. Examples of RDBMS's include, but are not limited to including, Oracle® Database, MySQL, IBM® DB2, Microsoft® SQL Server, Sybase®, and PostgreSQL. However, any database may be used that enables the systems and methods described herein. (Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation, Redwood Shores, Calif.; IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation, Armonk, N.Y.; Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Wash.; and Sybase is a registered trademark of Sybase, Dublin, Calif.)
In one embodiment, a computer program is provided, and the program is embodied on a computer readable medium. In an example embodiment, the system is executed on a single computer system, without requiring a connection to a server computer. In a further embodiment, the system is being run in a Windows® environment (Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Wash.). In yet another embodiment, the system is run on a mainframe environment and a UNIX® server environment (UNIX is a registered trademark of X/Open Company Limited located in Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom). The application is flexible and designed to run in various different environments without compromising any major functionality. In some embodiments, the system includes multiple components distributed among a plurality of computing devices. One or more components may be in the form of computer-executable instructions embodied in a computer-readable medium.
As used herein, an element or step recited in the singular and proceeded with the word “a” or “an” should be understood as not excluding plural elements or steps, unless such exclusion is explicitly recited. Furthermore, references to “example embodiment” or “one embodiment” of the present disclosure are not intended to be interpreted as excluding the existence of additional embodiments that also incorporate the recited features.
As used herein, the terms “software” and “firmware” are interchangeable, and include any computer program stored in memory for execution by a processor, including RAM memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, and non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) memory. The above memory types are example only, and are thus not limiting as to the types of memory usable for storage of a computer program.
Furthermore, as used herein, the term “real-time” refers to at least one of the time of occurrence of the associated events, the time of measurement and collection of predetermined data, the time to process the data, and the time of a system response to the events and the environment. In the embodiments described herein, these activities and events occur substantially instantaneously.
The systems and processes are not limited to the specific embodiments described herein. In addition, components of each system and each process can be practiced independent and separate from other components and processes described herein. Each component and process also can be used in combination with other assembly packages and processes.
In the some embodiments, communication between gate 110 and aircraft 106 is more desirable for large exchanges of information than the communication between in-flight aircraft 102 and 104 and ground controller 108. In these embodiments, critical information is communicated while aircraft 102 and 104 are in-flight, while general information is communicated once the aircraft is connected to a low-cost connection on the ground, such as at gate 110. For example, communication with aircraft 106 at gate 110 may be less expensive than communication while aircraft 102 and 104 is in flight. Gate based communication may also have higher bandwidth, faster speed, improved clarity, and different security than in-flight communication. In addition, the attributes of the communication with in-flight aircraft 102 and 104 may change based on the location of the corresponding aircraft 102 and 104, the weather patterns, and other phenomena that can affect communication and data transfer.
In the example embodiment, ground controller is also in communication with a plurality of user computer devices 114. Each of the plurality of user computer devices 114 is a different service or system that is configured to communicate with aircraft 102, 104, and 106. For example, user computer device 114 may be associated with an airline, a maintenance crew, a weather information system, an internet provider, a navigation system, a flight control system, and/or one or more other systems that need to communicate with an aircraft for its proper and reliable operation.
In the example embodiment, client systems 214 are computers that include a web browser or a software application, which enables client systems 214 to communicate with SCM server 212 via cellular communication, satellite communication, the Internet, or a Wide Area Network (WLAN). In some embodiments, client systems 214 are communicatively coupled to SCM server 212 through many interfaces including, but not limited to, at least one of a network, such as the Internet, a LAN, a WAN, or an integrated services digital network (ISDN), a dial-up-connection, a digital subscriber line (DSL), a cellular phone connection, a satellite connection, and a cable modem. Client systems 214 can be any device capable of accessing a network, such as the Internet, including, but not limited to, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a cellular phone, a smartphone, a tablet, a phablet, or other web-based connectable equipment. In the example embodiment, client systems 214 are computer systems included on aircraft 102, 104, and 106 (shown in
In some embodiments, client systems 214 are known as line replaceable units (LRU). These client systems 214 include, but are not limited to, flight deck controls (Electronic Flight Bag), avionics data (satellite communication (SATCOM), Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS), and avionics), open networking (avionics interfaces, servers, terminal wireless, network appliances, and core network), maintenance (software loading and maintenance access), cabin and airline Services (Flight Operational Quality Assurance (FOQA) Data, FA terminals and crew wireless), Network File Servers (NFS), Mass Storage Devices (MSDs), Crew Wireless LAN Units (CWLUs), and Passengers (in-flight entertainment (IFE), Wi-Fi, and cell phones).
A database server 216 is communicatively coupled to a database 220 that stores data. In one embodiment, database 220 is a database that includes communication protocols, aircraft, cybersecurity threats, and historical data. In the example embodiment, database 220 is stored remotely from SCM server 212. In some embodiments, database 220 is decentralized. In the example embodiment, a person can access database 220 via client systems 214 or remote computer device 222 by logging onto SCM server 212.
In the example embodiment, SCM server 212 is communicatively coupled with a plurality of aircraft 102, 104, and 106 and remote computer devices 222. SCM server 212 acts as a gateway between the plurality of aircraft and remote computer devices 222. In the example embodiment, SCM server 212 provides secure communication links between aircraft 102, 104, and 106 and remote computer devices 222, while also filtering the communications to prevent cybersecurity threats. In the example embodiment, SCM server 212 establishes secure communication channels with each of aircraft 102, 104, and 106. The secure communication channels are two-way communication channels. In some embodiments, the secure communication channels transmit and receive encrypted data. In some further embodiments, the secure communication channels require authentication information to be included in communications. Secure communication channels may be secured in other methods to allow the systems and methods described herein to function. In some embodiments, SCM server 212 is similar to ground-based computer systems, such as ground controller 108 (shown in
SCM server 212 is also in communication with remote computer devices 222. In some embodiments, remote computer device 222 is user computer device 114, shown in
In the example embodiment, remote computer device 222 is associated with the plurality of aircraft. For example, remote computer device 222 is associated with the airline associated with the plurality of aircraft. In other embodiments, remote computer device 222 is just in communication with the plurality of aircraft, such as a weather information computer device. In other embodiments, remote computer device 222 is not associated with an aircraft, but instead associated with any computer network of networked computer devices that operate as described herein. For example, remote computer device 222 may be associated with an airline, a maintenance crew, a weather information system, an internet provider, a navigation system, a flight control system, and/or one or more other systems that need to communicate with an aircraft for its proper and reliable operation.
User computer device 302 also includes at least one media output component 315 for presenting information to user 301. Media output component 315 is any component capable of conveying information to user 301. In some embodiments, media output component 315 includes an output adapter (not shown) such as a video adapter and/or an audio adapter. An output adapter is operatively coupled to processor 305 and operatively coupleable to an output device such as a display device (e.g., a cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), light emitting diode (LED) display, or “electronic ink” display) or an audio output device (e.g., a speaker or headphones). In some embodiments, media output component 315 is configured to present a graphical user interface (e.g., a web browser and/or a client application) to user 301. A graphical user interface may include, for example, an online store interface for viewing and/or purchasing items, and/or a wallet application for managing payment information. In some embodiments, user computer device 302 includes an input device 320 for receiving input from user 301. User 301 may use input device 320 to, without limitation, select and/or enter one or more items to purchase and/or a purchase request, or to access credential information, and/or payment information. Input device 320 may include, for example, a keyboard, a pointing device, a mouse, a stylus, a touch sensitive panel (e.g., a touch pad or a touch screen), a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a position detector, a biometric input device, and/or an audio input device. A single component such as a touch screen may function as both an output device of media output component 315 and input device 320.
User computer device 302 may also include a communication interface 325, communicatively coupled to a remote device such as SCM server 212 (shown in
Stored in memory area 310 are, for example, computer readable instructions for providing a user interface to user 301 via media output component 315 and, optionally, receiving and processing input from input device 320. A user interface may include, among other possibilities, a web browser and/or a client application. Web browsers enable users, such as user 301, to display and interact with media and other information typically embedded on a web page or a website from SCM server 212. A client application allows user 301 to interact with, for example, SCM server 212. For example, instructions may be stored by a cloud service, and the output of the execution of the instructions sent to the media output component 315.
Processor 305 executes computer-executable instructions for implementing aspects of the disclosure. In some embodiments, the processor 305 is transformed into a special purpose microprocessor by executing computer-executable instructions or by otherwise being programmed.
Processor 405 is operatively coupled to a communication interface 415 such that server computer device 401 is capable of communicating with a remote device such as another server computer device 401, another SCM server 212, remote computer device 222, or client system 214 (shown in
Processor 405 may also be operatively coupled to a storage device 434. Storage device 434 is any computer-operated hardware suitable for storing and/or retrieving data, such as, but not limited to, data associated with database 220 (shown in
In some embodiments, processor 405 is operatively coupled to storage device 434 via a storage interface 420. Storage interface 420 is any component capable of providing processor 405 with access to storage device 434. Storage interface 420 may include, for example, an Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) adapter, a Serial ATA (SATA) adapter, a Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) adapter, a RAID controller, a SAN adapter, a network adapter, and/or any component providing processor 405 with access to storage device 434.
Processor 405 executes computer-executable instructions for implementing aspects of the disclosure. In some embodiments, the processor 405 is transformed into a special purpose microprocessor by executing computer-executable instructions or by otherwise being programmed. For example, the processor 405 is programmed with the instruction such as illustrated in
In the example embodiment, SCM server 212 receives 505 a data message destined for a first aircraft 102. In the example embodiment, the data message includes one or more packets. The data message is received 505 from a remote computer device 222 (shown in
In the example embodiment, SCM server 212 analyzes 510 the data message for potential cybersecurity threats. SCM server 212 compares the data message to known cybersecurity threats. In some embodiments, SCM server 212 analyzes 510 the payload of the data message. And in some further embodiments, SCM server 212 combines and/or reassembles multiple packets to analyze. In some embodiments, SCM server 212 analyzes 510 by comparing the data message to one or more known cybersecurity threats, whose identifiers are stored in database 220.
If the analysis is that the first data message does not contain a cybersecurity threat, SCM server 212 converts 515 the data message into a data format associated with first aircraft 102. In the example embodiment, different models of aircraft 102, 104, and 106 communicate via different communication protocols and may require the data message to be in different data formats for the different communication protocols. In addition, different services, such as, but not limited to, navigation, weather conditions, in-flight Internet, and other communications, require different data formats or communication protocols between ground based systems, such as SCM server 212 and the destination aircraft 102. In the example embodiments, SCM server 212 transmits 520 the converted data message to first aircraft 102 using a first communication protocol associated with first aircraft 102.
In the example embodiment, SCM server 212 facilitates two-way communication between first aircraft 102 and remote computer device 222. In this embodiment, SCM server 212 receives data messages from first aircraft 102 to be transmitted to remote computer device 222. SCM server 212 analyzes the received data message for potential cybersecurity threats. If the determination is that the data message does not contain a cybersecurity threat, SCM server 212 converts the data message into the standardized data format and transmits the converted data message to remote computer device 222.
In some embodiments, SCM server 212 receives a data message to be transmitted to multiple aircraft, such as weather information. SCM server 212 converts the data message into a first data message for first aircraft 102 and a second data message for second aircraft 104, before transmitting the corresponding message to the corresponding aircraft. In some embodiments, first aircraft 102 and second aircraft 104 communicate with SCM server 212 using different communication protocols. In some embodiments, the first data message for first aircraft 102 and second data message for second aircraft 104 have different formats. In some embodiments, first aircraft 102 is associated with a first airline and second aircraft 104 is associated with a second airline. These differences may be due to difference between the models and/or systems of first aircraft 102 and second aircraft 104. In other embodiments, first aircraft 102 and second aircraft 104 may be flying in different geographic regions and those regions may have different communication requirements. Further embodiments, may change the communication protocol due to the location of transceivers on the ground that SCM server 212 may use to communicate with first aircraft 102 and second aircraft 104.
In some embodiments, SCM server 212 stores the communication protocols associated with each aircraft in database 220 (shown in
In some embodiments, if SCM server 212 detects a potential cybersecurity threat in a communication, SCM server 212 quarantines the communication. In some embodiments, SCM server 212 may raise an alarm, alert the transmitter of the potential cybersecurity threat, and/or clean the communication before transmitting the cleansed communication to its destination. SCM server 212 may also isolate the source of the communication to prevent further communication. SCM computer device 212 may log infected files for future analysis. In some embodiments, SCM computer device 212 may use trending to statistically identify threat vectors, so responses can be moved from long term analytical responses to real time responses, based on experience.
In some embodiments, when aircraft 106 lands, aircraft 106 transmits a plurality of operational data about aircraft 106. For example, aircraft 106 may connect to a computer system at gate 110 (shown in
Computing device 610 includes the database 620, as well as data storage devices 630. Computing device 610 also includes a communication component 640 for receiving 505 a first data message and transmitting 520 the converted first data message (both shown in
As used herein, the term “non-transitory computer-readable media” is intended to be representative of any tangible computer-based device implemented in any method or technology for short-term and long-term storage of information, such as, computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules and sub-modules, or other data in any device. Therefore, the methods described herein may be encoded as executable instructions embodied in a tangible, non-transitory, computer readable medium, including, without limitation, a storage device and/or a memory device. Such instructions, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform at least a portion of the methods described herein. Moreover, as used herein, the term “non-transitory computer-readable media” includes all tangible, computer-readable media, including, without limitation, non-transitory computer storage devices, including, without limitation, volatile and nonvolatile media, and removable and non-removable media such as a firmware, physical and virtual storage, CD-ROMs, DVDs, and any other digital source such as a network or the Internet, as well as yet to be developed digital means, with the sole exception being a transitory, propagating signal.
As described above, the implementations described herein relate to systems and methods for providing secure data connections in an aviation environment and, more specifically, to managing data connections between ground-based computer networks and a plurality of aircraft. More specifically, a secure communication monitoring (“SCM”) computer device provides a communication interface between a plurality of aircraft and ground-based computer systems. The SCM computer device monitors communications between the plurality of aircraft and the ground-based computer systems for cybersecurity threats, provides secure communication channels between the plurality of aircraft and the ground-based systems, and routes messages between the ground-based systems and the plurality of aircraft using a plurality of communication protocols corresponding to the plurality of aircraft.
The above-described methods and systems for providing secure data connections in an aviation environment are cost-effective, secure, and highly reliable. The methods and systems include routing through the above-mentioned SCM computer device to increase the accuracy of the transmitted information, reduce the number of systems that interact with aviation-based computer systems, provide for a reduces number of computer systems that require cybersecurity upgrades, and greatly increase the security of information transmitted to and from aircraft. Accordingly, the methods and systems facilitate secure communications in an aviation environment in a cost-effective and reliable manner.
This written description uses examples to disclose various implementations, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various implementations, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the disclosure is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.
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