Patent Application
20180179022
The present disclosure relates to control systems within a building, in particular to the control and configuration of Occupant Evacuation Operations (OEO).
Until now, elevators in a building could not be used in case of fire. Generally, in many existing buildings, in case of fire, all elevators are recalled to a designated floor and can only be used by firefighters. Occupants need exit via stairs only. Signage and Fire alarm voice messages are issued accordingly. Because of the 9/11 event in New York, new codes and guidelines were developed which allow evacuation using elevators if a building infrastructure complies with specific rules. Such an Occupant Evacuation Operation (OEO) is for example defined in relevant codes for OEO, such as National Elevator Code ASME 17.1/CSA B44, Fire Alarm Codes NFPA 72 and others (US Building & Fire Codes, Local Codes, etc). Other countries may have different regulations.
The new US standards and regulations for the Occupant Evacuation Operation (OEO) require that the fire detection system evaluates when a specific level of a building is in an OEO relevant alarm status and when in evacuation status. This information shall be provided to the elevator system which may comprise multiple elevator banks and associated elevator controls. Furthermore, a close coordination between the voice evacuation messages and all the information displayed by the elevator system is absolutely required.
Conventional OEO implementations often require one or more control units which may be placed on each floor of a building or may control multiple floors and being connected with an elevator system which increases the cable connections significantly and thereby also increases system failures due to connection problems. At least one problem of such conventional systems is that they require many complex, manually configured generic control functions which are likely to be outdated and therefore need to be changed when something in the building changes. Those manually configurable generic control functions may comprise logic combinations of all relevant states with Boolean functions etc. These controls then activate hard-wired outputs which are connected to the elevator system.
Due to the complexity of such systems, in particular for multi-floor buildings, such as, e.g., skyscrapers, configuration and expansion of such systems is not easy. In particular, changes in regulation may require a reconfiguration of such a system that may not be easily achievable and require hardware changes or substitutions. Moreover, different countries may have different regulations and requirements for handling emergency situations in a building and associated OEOs. Thus, different customized systems may be necessary to comply with different regulation. Most importantly, changes in the usage of rooms/building parts and constructional changes may occur. It remains very difficult to adapt conventional systems to such changes.
Hence, there exists a need for a configurable system that allows for easy adaptation to a specific building structure and to regulation with respect to the handling of emergency situation in such a building. Furthermore, the immense cabling requirement of conventional systems needs to be avoided.
According to an embodiment, a system for controlling and configuration of an occupant evacuation operation in a multi-story building, may comprise an elevator control system, a fire alarm detection system comprising a plurality of fire sensor devices, wherein the fire alarm detection system generates fire alarm information signals, and a central control system coupled with the elevator control system and the fire alarm detection system, wherein the central control system comprises a data processing system comprising a processor and memory operable to provide a configurable model of the multi-story building, to receive signals from said fire alarm detection system and to receive signals and transmit control signals from/to the elevator control system, wherein the configurable model allows configuration of the system creating a model of the functionalities in the multi-story building required for the occupant evacuation operation, and wherein the central control system controls the occupant evacuation operation (OEO) based on the signals received from the fire alarm detection system and the elevator control system.
According to a further embodiment, the central control system may comprise a network connection and the configurable model can be configured using an off-line engineering tool and is downloaded after configuration into the central control system through said network connection. According to a further embodiment, the central control system may provide control signals for the elevator system, wherein based on the control signals, the elevator system controls an evacuation procedure and a signage for the elevators. According to a further embodiment, the signage may comprise visual information. According to a further embodiment, the fire alarm system may comprise a voice evacuation system. According to a further embodiment, the fire alarm system can be an integrated part of the central control system. According to a further embodiment, the elevator system may comprise a plurality of independently controlled elevator groups. According to a further embodiment, the fire alarm detection system may comprise fire alarm detectors for each building level. According to a further embodiment, the system may further comprise fire alarm detectors coupled with the fire alarm system and located at least in one of: an elevator engine room, an elevator shaft, and an elevator lobby. According to a further embodiment, the central control system can be coupled with the elevator system through a BACnet network connection. According to a further embodiment, the central control system may provide input signals to the elevator system and receive digital output signals from the elevator system. According to a further embodiment, the central control system may comprise at least one configurable OEO control group module related to an elevator group coupled with a common OEO control module and a plurality of OEO building level control modules. According to a further embodiment, the fire alarm detection system may provide signals to the common OEO control module and each OEO building level control module. According to a further embodiment, the system may comprise a plurality of configurable OEO control group modules each related to one of a plurality of elevator groups, wherein each OEO control group module is further coupled with an associated common OEO control module and associated OEO building level control modules. According to a further embodiment, a common OEO control module associated with one of the OEO control group modules may provide signals for another common OEO control module associated with another OEO control group module. According to a further embodiment, a configuration screen for configuring the model of the multi-story building shows configuration in a tree structure, wherein a root element represents a OEO control group module and elements representing the common OEO control module and the OEO building level control modules branch from said root element, wherein the OEO building level control modules are arranged in the tree structure showing a highest building level on the top and a lowest building level on the bottom. According to a further embodiment, the configuration screen allows to assign input signals to cause predefined events. According to a further embodiment, each module for a building level evaluates and provides the following states: a) a first state indicating that an OEO relevant alarm has occurred on the building level; b) a second state indicating that the building level shall be evacuated with OEO; c) a third state indicating that the building level should be evacuated with OEO but no elevator is available; d) a fourth state indicating that OEO is active within the elevator group but this level is currently not being evacuated; and e) a fifth state indicating none of the states a) . . . d) is currently active.
According to another embodiment, a method for controlling and configuration of an occupant evacuation operation (OEO) in a multi-story building, may comprise the steps: configuring a model representing the multi-story building with an engineering tool, wherein the model represents and provides configuration of all building levels and associations with at least one elevator system and control signals; installing the configured model in a central control system coupled with an elevator control system and a fire alarm detection system within the building, wherein the central control system comprises a data processing system comprising a processor and memory operable to execute an OEO control based on the configured model, and receiving signals from said fire alarm detection system and receiving signals and transmitting control signals from/to the elevator control system, wherein the central control system controls the occupant evacuation operation (OEO) based on the signals received from the fire alarm detection system and the elevator control system.
According to a further embodiment of the above method, the model may comprise a common OEO control for which a plurality of input signals can be assigned to predefined events. According to a further embodiment of the above method, the method may further comprise modifying the configured model with an engineering tool to adapt the system to changes in the OEO as defined by a modified regulation or in order to adapt to changed building usage or constructional changes. According to a further embodiment of the above method, the method may further comprise providing control signals by the central control system for the elevator system, wherein based on the control signals, the elevator system controls an evacuation procedure and a signage for the elevators. According to a further embodiment of the above method, the signage may comprise visual information. According to a further embodiment of the above method, the method may further comprise generating voice evacuation messages for each building level. According to a further embodiment of the above method, the elevator system may comprise a plurality of independently controlled elevator groups. According to a further embodiment of the above method, the fire alarm detection system may comprise fire alarm detectors for each building level. According to a further embodiment of the above method, the method may further comprise arranging fire alarm detectors coupled with the fire alarm system at least in one of: an elevator engine room, an elevator shaft, and an elevator lobby. According to a further embodiment of the above method, the central control system may comprise at least one configurable OEO control group module related to an elevator group and a plurality of OEO building level control modules. According to a further embodiment of the above method, the at least one configurable OEO control group module may be coupled with a common OEO control module. According to a further embodiment of the above method, the method may further comprise providing signals by the fire alarm detection system to the common OEO control module and each OEO building level control module. According to a further embodiment of the above method, the method may further comprise a plurality of configurable OEO control group modules each related to one of a plurality of elevator groups, wherein each OEO control group module is further coupled with an associated common OEO control module and associated OEO building level control modules. According to a further embodiment of the above method, a common OEO control module associated with one of the OEO control group modules may provide signals for another common OEO control module associated with another OEO control group module. According to a further embodiment of the above method, a configuration screen for configuring the model of the multi-story building may show configuration in a tree structure, wherein a root element represents a OEO control group module and elements representing the common OEO control module and the OEO building level control modules branch from said root element, wherein the OEO building level control modules are arranged in the tree structure showing a highest building level on the top and a lowest building level on the bottom. According to a further embodiment of the above method, the configuration screen may allow to assign input signals to cause predefined events. According to a further embodiment of the above method, each module for a building level may evaluate and provide the following states: a) a first state indicating that an OEO relevant alarm has occurred on the building level; b) a second state indicating that the building level shall be evacuated with OEO; c) a third state indicating that the building level should be evacuated with OEO but no elevator is available; d) a fourth state indicating that OEO is active within the elevator group but this level is currently not being evacuated; and e) a fifth state indicating none of the states a) . . . d) is currently active.
The main requirements for an Occupant Evacuation Operation (OEO) are that automatic detectors shall activate the OEO, wherein a first alarm sets a fire alarm state within the building level, e.g. setting it into an ‘OEO alarm’ state. Such an alarm state indicates that the respective building level needs to be evacuated with highest priority. Furthermore, two levels above as well as 2 levels below that level will also set in into an evacuation state, e.g. an ‘OEO evac’ state. Subsequent alarms set all levels between the respective level of a newly reported alarm and the level of the first alarm into an evacuation state and into an ‘OEO evac’ state. Furthermore, the two levels above as well as two levels below the level of the newly reported alarm are also set into evacuation mode and ‘OEO evac’ state. The levels in state ‘OEO alarm’ need to be evacuated with high priority than the ones in state ‘OEO evac’. Manual pull stations must not activate the OEO. An alarm on the discharge level shall not activate the OEO.
In order to ensure a smooth & reliable evacuation, a close coordination between the Elevator system and the Fire alarm system is crucial. The various embodiments disclosed ensure that there is only one source of information (provided by the fire alarm system) which is used by all relevant control systems (fire alarm system, elevator system) but the evacuation procedure and the signage for the elevators is done by the elevator system. The system coordinates the evacuation procedure and signage by Elevator control. In addition, appropriate voice messages/evacuation instructions are issued by the fire alarm system.
According to various embodiments, a dedicated control application evaluates the OEO status of each building level and reports the status on dedicated communication lines and communication busses, e.g., via the standardized Building Automation and Control Network (BACnet) connection. Only the signals from/to the elevator system which are required by code are hard-wired, everything else is communicated via the standardized BACnet communication bus. OEO states are used as criteria for Voice messages.
Thus, a single central source of information for all relevant applications is provided according to various embodiments to provide control for the elevators and voice messages as well as other indication means. This solution provides for a minimum number of connections between elevator system and fire alarm system and the major part of information is provided via a high level connection. In other words, the central control system creates a model of the functionalities in a building that are necessary for an OEO. The central control system may according to an embodiment comprise a processing system with a processor and memory that is coupled with respective elevator control system and a fire alarm detection system. The central control system may have various network connection couplings. The configurable model provided by the central control system allows the system to be configured using an engineering tool, for example, an off-line engineering tool that is not part of the system. However, other embodiments, may include an integrated configuration tool. Thus, the system/model can be configured on or off-line and in case of an off-line configuration, once the system is set up it can be downloaded into the actual control unit. This configured model provides for universal logic control blocks or modules within the central control system. These blocks or modules also implement all relevant legal regulation. Each module is configurable and can therefore easily be adapted to changes in the regulation or to specifics of each building. The blocks or modules are completely integrated within the control system and provide for display and manual interaction, such as keyboard, mouse, touch screen interfaces, etc. The communication with external components can be provided through dedicated communication lines, in particular digital communication lines and through a central communication bus, such as BACnet.
System configuration is particularly facilitated through the use of the control blocks or modules of the OEO control system and as mentioned above can be configured using an external engineering tool. However, configuration may also be performed directly within the system. The system may comprise an intuitive model of the building, for example, a graphical or a hierarchical tree structure, to further facilitate configuration. In particular, the system provides control blocks or modules for each building level separately and combines common functionalities in a common block or module.
In a standard implementation, only the causes for an evacuation of a building level need to be evaluated by the system. However, the modular structure of the system provides for great flexibility and, therefore, many other special situations can be addressed by the functionality of the system. The system provides, for example, on a dedicated display or a system screen, a clear representation of the structure of the building. For example, each building level is shown in its actual ‘vertical’ order with respect to the other levels, for example, by a respective element such as a row in a tree structure as will be explained in more detail below. The simplicity and clarity of the user interface provides for the greatest possible protection to avoid any operation, programming or configuration errors. For example a tree structure may be used to represent the building and its system which may provide for an Engineering tool used to configure the system (e.g., on a PC). According to various embodiments, such a representation is preferably designed to be self-explaining and easy to understand since a service engineer configures the OEO functions using this tool.
The distribution of the various functionalities, in particular between the elevator system and the fire alarm notification system with integrated voice evacuation provides for congruity of optical and acoustic evacuation signals. To this end, the central control system calculates and/or determines the building levels that have to be evacuated by itself and informs the elevator system accordingly. Thus, there is only a single source that provides the relevant data for an evacuation. This information source, namely the central control system, provides information to all participating units, such as elevators, alarm displays and all voice outputs. Thus, the system avoids that different applications process evacuation procedures in parallel and provide inconsistent results with respect to each other. The separate modeling of the OEO and voice allows for configuration flexibility of the voice subsystem.
In the following cases a so-called ‘Phase I recall’ must be activated, wherein an elevator recall also causes the elevator to be unavailable for OEO:
Specific voice messages including OEO information shall be played in the different situations; and manual activation/control of OEO must be possible, for example from a Fire Command Center.
In a Fire detection & Voice evacuation system according to various embodiments, a dedicated, intuitive SW model of the building and the OEO functionality allows for reliable, clearly arranged and manageable configuration of all OEO relevant criteria and provides the relevant states once for all involved applications. Such a functionality can be implemented within a central control unit that is coupled with existing fire detection hardware at the elevators and each floor of the building. Thus, existing communication networks can be used without requiring new communication lines to be installed within the building. Little or no additional hardware for each floor may be necessary in buildings that provide for a basic hazardous alarm system. Moreover, a single control system can be used for a variety of different types of buildings and the system is flexible to be configured to comply with various different regulations.
A Fire detection & Voice evacuation system generally is required to monitor the status of a building with respect to hazardous conditions and in case of one or more such hazardous conditions to efficiently provide means to evacuate the building. Depending on the conditions of each floor and one or more elevators, the system guides the occupants in case of, for example, a fire through the fastest exit route possible. This may include acoustic messages generated by the Voice evacuation system and visual guidance as well as the operation of elevators by the elevator system based on information provided by the Fire alarm system in the most efficient way wherein the conditions on each floor of the building may require different measurements for such an evacuation. Any of these measures may be provided by the Fire alarm system or by the Elevator system. For example, the Fire alarm system may provide for visualization of escape routes etc. (flashlights, arrows, . . . ) and/or the Elevator system may also provide for visual indication of elevator status etc. Other implementations of the visual guidance and Voice evacuation system may apply depending on the embodiment.
According to various embodiments, for each elevator group in a building, there is one control block or module per building level plus one control block or module for the common functions of the elevator group.
The system with its various blocks or modules can be seen as a model of the building with respect to the various inputs and outputs that are relevant for an OEO. Such a model incorporates all functions required by the standards and regulations and only the site-specific details need to be configured. These may include:
OEO-relevant alarm causes per building level; and
Causes for the common functions per elevator group; for example all criteria which lead to an immediate cancellation of the OEO and a ‘phase I recall’ of the elevators of the group.
According to various embodiments, as mentioned above, the central control unit provides for a dedicated model for the OEO and is fully integrated into the overall Fire detection & Voice evacuation system and therefore can benefit from all general functions like display and operation on operating terminals, parallel indicators etc. Furthermore, this ensures a smooth and easy inclusion of the OEO states into the configuration of the voice evacuation part.
Modelling the building within the central control system provides flexibility for the configuration of specific requirements as well as changes in the standards and regulations.
Each control block or module for a building level evaluates and provides the following states:
a) OEO alarm: an OEO relevant alarm has occurred on the building level and this building level shall be evacuated with the highest priority.
b) OEO evac: the building level shall be evacuated with OEO
c) OEO unavailable: the building level should be evacuated with OEO but no elevator is available
d) OEO unaffected: OEO is active within the elevator group but this level is currently not being evacuated
e) OEO quiet: This means that the respective building level is in a ‘quiet’ state =OEO is currently not active within the group. In other words: none of the states a) . . . d) is currently active.
These various states for a building level are determined by the central control system based on information provided to the system by the various sensors located on that building level, by information determined by other building levels and information provided by the various elevator groups. States a) and b) are communicated to the elevator control. States a) and b) and additionally states c) and d) are used internally in control system according to various embodiments as a criteria for the voice evacuation control functions.
There is one supervised high-level connection, which can be provided, e.g., via the standardized Building Automation and Control Network (BACnet), for the communication of OEO states from the central control unit to the elevator system instead of a high number of hard-wired outputs. Only some additional connections which are required by the standards are hard-wired and may be required in existing system in which an OEO system according to various embodiments is to be installed.
Depending on an existing infrastructure of a building, the OEO system can be added without or with little additional hardware. For example, building 105 as shown in
The central control unit 120 may be expanded by additional hardware such as a OEO control unit. In some cases, an existing central control unit may have enough processing capacity to add the functionality of an OEO unit according to various embodiments.
The OEO unit according to various embodiments generates a model of the entire building with respect to input and output values that are relevant in case of an emergency. Thus, the model generates automatically all dependencies between the various levels and their respective conditions and provides for an adapted evacuation operation.
For example, as shown in
According to various embodiments, a “cause” as mentioned above can be seen a trigger for the system or a control element of the system to change to a specific state, which then might lead to an action or just a message, depending on the function. For example, if a “cause” occurs, the conditions for the state change are given, unless, for example, another cause-group (=other function with its causes) with higher priority is also active at the same time. A “cause” can, thus, either be a hardware input or a state of another logical element in the system. For example, “causes” can be:
Geographically, a zone typically represents a room.
Each element within the fire detection module 240 has a number of states which are reported when reached and which then can be used as causes for control functions. This is always also possible as a summarized cause on a higher level in the tree. For example, if as a cause ‘alarm of a section’ is assigned, then this cause is active each time a zone within the section reports an alarm.
All levels also serve as an entry point for operation functions on a person machine interface (PMI) of the fire detection module 240.
Reference symbol 250 provides output signals from other OEO control group (similar to control group 210) for another elevator group within the building. Thus, OEO control group 210 receives cross reference information from other OEO control groups if multiple elevator groups are present in the building. Therefore, an occupant evacuation operation can be optimized and coordinated for the different building levels and with respect to the available elevators.
A respective ‘Phase I recall’ output which is connected to the elevator system and the control function triggering the output are not shown here. The ‘Common OEO control’ just evaluates the OEO-related conditions for the ‘Phase I recall’ and then provides that information as a state+controls the OEO functions accordingly. Thus, the system generally allows to specify a variety of triggers that cause a specific event.
In general, the OEO system according to various embodiments allows for a flexible configuration wherein submodules allow configuration of common functions that affect all elevators of a group and individual building levels can be configured. As mentioned above, the OEO building level control units also manage all elevators of the group. The main point of the common OEO control unit is that it manages special functions for all building levels equally—without this common OEO control unit, for the respective functions the same configuration and evaluation would need to be done separately for each building level.
An exemplary configuration options window 400 for the setting of the behavior of the common OEO control module or block is shown in detail in
As shown in
As can be seen in
Reference symbol 222 in
The central Fire alarm functions 510 receives fire detection signals 525 which may be provided by individual connection lines with the fire detectors or a common bus. The central OEO control functions 520 may receive separate digital inputs for total building evacuation 530 and/or other signals 535 from each level, for example, manually initiated commands which set a specific level into status ‘OEO alarm’. These input signals may also result from manual operation from a Fire Command Center. At least some of these signals may also be communicated via a higher-level communication network like BACnet. There would then be a separate logical BACnet connection (not shared with the logical BACnet connection to the elevator system). The central OEO control functions 520 can furthermore be coupled with each elevator system 115/135 which normally may consist of several elevator controllers. There can be one connection between the elevator controllers. For example, a network connection, such as BACnet 560, and individual input lines 570 and output lines 580 may be provided between control system 520 and individual elevator controllers 115/135. Each line may indicate a dedicated status as shown in
In scenario 1a a fire alarm has been received from building level 4. Thus, the system immediately sets level 4 for elevator group 1 and 2 into status ‘OEO alarm’. As a consequence, the immediate upper two levels and the immediate lower two levels are set into status ‘OEO evac’. However, for elevator group 1 this is not necessary for level 2 and 3 because they are not served by that group. Similarly, for elevator group 2, levels 5 and 6 need not to be set as they are equally not served by that group.
Scenario 1b in
Scenario 1c in
Scenario 1d in
Based on the respective floor status as assigned to each elevator group, the central control system 500 is configured to allow the elevators to serve the levels with status ‘OEO alarm’ and ‘OEO evac’ and to send appropriate voice messages to the respective building levels. According to the requirements of NFPA, these messages must announce whether an elevator is available or not. In addition, the voice system may be controlled to announce alternative escape routes in particular when an elevator cannot serve the floor. Light signs may be activated accordingly. Due to the centralized modular control, an OEO can be well coordinated to speed up the evacuation as fast as possible.
The solution provides one single source of states which serves as a basis for all relevant applications like voice evacuation and elevator control. This allows for the highest-possible degree of consistency between the voice evacuation messages and the visual information provided to the building occupants which is crucial for a fast, reliable and secure evacuation in case of an incident.
The SW model and configuration tool as provided by the central OEO control system with its various blocks or modules allows for a well understandable, consistent and reproducible configuration of OEO relevant criteria and functions. This saves time and money due to a shorter configuration time and it greatly simplifies maintenance/update of an existing configuration by any user.
The communication of most states via one high-level connection simplifies the installation, saves money due to much lower hardware costs and improves communication quality.
