Patent Application
20100329791
The invention relates to a system and a method for deployment and retrieval of a cable distribution network comprising cables branched off a main cable.
There is a need for installing different kinds of cable distribution networks on the seabed. As examples, such networks include telecommunication networks and networks for seismic investigations.
A cable distribution network may comprise a main cable with secondary cables branching off from the main cable. Installation of such a branched network is complicated and existing cable deployment systems are not suited for installing branched networks.
It is a problem that known systems and methods are not able to handle branched cable network as efficiently and reliably as required. Accordingly, there is a need for improved systems for handling branched cable networks.
U.S. Publication 2002/0172562 disclose an underwater cable deployment system including a series of cables, pre-wound on a set of reels, disposed upon a pallet and connected to a distribution hub on the pallet. The pallet is lowered to the ocean floor and a remotely operated vehicle is also lowered to the ocean floor to deploy cables to form a predetermined array on the ocean floor. Preferably, the pallet is delivered to the ocean floor in advance by crane with the reel-mounted sensor array cables being deployed later by the remotely operated vehicle.
Whereas U.S. Publication 2002/0172562 discloses installation of a cable array on the ocean floor by an underwater system, there is still a need for installing cable networks from a system located above the water surface. In particular, there is a need for a simpler deployment system since operation of an underwater deployment system may be complex to operate.
Accordingly, an object of the invention is to alleviate the above-mentioned disadvantages with deployment systems operated from the ocean floor by providing a deployment system capable of being operated from the deck of a vessel.
This object and several other objects are obtained in a first aspect of the invention by providing an apparatus for deploying or retrieving cable sections of a seabed cable distribution network comprising a primary cable section and a secondary cable section branched off the primary cable, the apparatus comprises: a primary reel for accommodating at least a fraction of the primary cable section, a secondary reel arranged adjacent to the primary reel for accommodating at least a fraction of the secondary cable section, a reel body arranged for holding the primary and secondary reels and for rotating the primary reel, and a reel driving means for driving the secondary reel independently of the primary reel.
It may be seen as an advantage that the cable apparatus is provided with a reel driving means for independent driving of the secondary reel relative to the primary reel which is driven by the reel body. For example, when diameters of the coils of the primary and secondary cables are different, the independent rotation speeds of the reels may be advantageous for obtaining the same deployment or retrieval speeds of the primary cable and the branched secondary cable. As another example, independent rotation speed of the reels may be advantageous for obtaining different deployment or retrieval speeds of the primary and secondary cables, for example to reduce slack of one of the cables or for handling of only one of the cables while the other cable is stationary.
In an embodiment, the primary reel may be fixed to the reel body and the secondary reel is rotatably connected to the reel body. The secondary reel may advantageously be rotatably connected to the reel body to obtain independent driving of the primary and secondary reels.
In an embodiment, the reel driving means may be configured for driving the secondary reel simultaneously, but independently, with rotation of the primary reel. Simultaneous driving of primary and secondary reels with independent speeds may be advantageous for reliable handling of cable network with both a main cable and cables branched off the main cable.
In an embodiment, the reel driving means may be moveably arranged for operatively connecting to different secondary reels. The reel driving means may advantageously be moveably arranged so that the reel driving means can be used for driving different secondary reels in turn.
In an embodiment, the reel driving means may be a flange drive operatively connectable to a flange of the secondary reel. It may be advantageous to use a flange drive since it can be shifted between different secondary reels.
In an embodiment, the apparatus according to the first aspect may comprise a cable guide with a curved guiding section configured to be coupled to a flange circumference of the primary reel for guiding the cable across the flange circumference. A cable guide with a curved guiding may advantageously be used to guide for example the primary cable from one primary reel to a subsequent primary or secondary reel.
In an embodiment, the apparatus may comprise a detachable branch unit clamp for holding a branch unit which connects the primary cable section with the secondary cable section, and for clamping rotation of the primary reel relative to the adjacent secondary reel, where the branch unit clamp is detachably connectable to flanges of the primary reel and the secondary reel. It may be seen as an advantage to use a branch unit clamp which both provides as a means for holding the branch unit and a means for clamping relative rotation between reels and, therefore, serves dual purposes. It may be particularly advantageous that the branch unit clamp is detachably connectable to flanges of the reels since this provides a flexibility of enabling the clamp to mounted anywhere on the circumference of the reels.
A second aspect of the invention relates to a system for deploying or retrieving cable sections of a seabed cable distribution network comprising a primary cable section and a secondary cable section branched off the primary cable, where the system comprises: an apparatus according to the first aspect, and a reel body driving means operatively connectable to the reel body.
Accordingly, a system for deploying or retrieving a cable network may include a reel body driving means, for example a hub drive. The hub drive may be an existing part of a vessel or provided with the apparatus according to the first aspect.
An embodiment of the system according to the second aspect may further comprise first and second chutes for guiding the respective primary cable and the secondary cable towards/from the seabed. The chutes may limit problems with twisting of the primary and secondary cable due to the separation of the chutes.
An embodiment of the second aspect may further comprise first and second cable clamps for clamping the respective primary cable and the secondary cable, where the cable clamps are located downstream relative to the primary reel and the secondary reel.
A third aspect of the invention relates to a method for deploying or retrieving cable sections of a seabed cable distribution network comprising a primary cable section and a secondary cable section branched off the primary cable section, the method comprises: rotating a reel body for driving a primary reel mounted on the reel body, where the primary reel is arranged for accommodating at least a fraction of the primary cable section, and operating a reel driving means operatively connected to a secondary reel, where the secondary reel is rotatably connected on the reel body for enabling independent driving of the secondary reel relative to the primary reel, and where the secondary reel is arranged for accommodating at least a fraction of the secondary cable section.
In an embodiment according to the method of the third aspect a reel body driving means, for example a hub drive or an under roller, is used for rotating the reel body.
An embodiment according to the method of the third aspect comprises temporarily deploying or retrieving the primary cable section via the primary reel simultaneous with deploying or retrieving the secondary cable section via the secondary reel.
In an embodiment according to the method of the third aspect, where prior to deploying the primary cable section and the secondary cable section a detachable branch unit clamp is released from the primary reel and the secondary reel for allowing relative rotation of the primary reel and the adjacent secondary reel.
An embodiment according to the method of the third aspect further comprises releasing the branch unit from the detachable branch unit clamp, where the branch unit connects the primary cable section with the secondary cable section.
In an embodiment according to the method of the third aspect, the primary cable section is guided from a first primary reel across a secondary reel to a second primary reel for unreeling the second primary reel and the secondary reel. When the branch unit clamp is mounted to the primary cable reels, the primary cable may advantageously be guided from one primary reel to the following primary reel by guiding the primary cable across the secondary reel, for example using cable crossings mounted to flanges of the primary reels.
The first, second and third aspect of the present invention may each be combined with any of the other aspects. These and other aspects of the invention will be apparent from and elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.
The present invention will now be explained, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying Figures, where:
The branch units BU connect the primary cable sections 111 and the secondary dead end cables DE and serves to branch off the primary cable. The secondary dead end cables may be provided with a termination 112 for connecting the secondary cable DE with sensor cables (not shown).
The riser cable 110 may be the same cable as the primary cable 111 or the riser cable may be a separate cable connectable to the primary cable, for example via connectors or via cable splicing.
The primary cable and cable sections 111 are equivalently referred to as a BU cable, BU cable sections or branch-unit cables or sections. The secondary dead-end cable and dead-end cable sections DE are equivalently referred to as DE cable and DE cable sections. A section of a BU cable may be the section, or a fraction thereof, connecting e.g., two branch units. Similarly a section of a DE cable may be the entire DE cable, or a fraction thereof, connecting a branch unit BU with a termination 112.
The branch unit reels BU-R are arranged for containing the primary cable 111 and the dead-end reels DE-R are arranged for containing the dead-end cables. Each branch unit reel BU-R is arranged for accommodating at least a fraction of the primary cable section. That is, when a primary cable section is too long to be accommodated by a single branch unit reel, one or more adjacent branch unit reels may be used for accommodating the remaining cable section. The same applies for the dead-end reels, so that when a single dead-end reel is insufficient to accommodate the entire dead-end cable branch section, then one or more adjacent dead-end reels may be used for accommodating the remaining dead-end cable section. An additional riser cable reel 220 on the reel body 210 may be used for holding the riser cable 111.
In the following the branch unit reels BU-R are equivalently referred to as primary reels and BU reels, and the dead-end reels DE-R are equivalently referred to as secondary reels and DE reels.
The branch units BU may be fixed either to the primary reels BU-R or the secondary reels DE-R via branch unit clamps 211. The branch unit clamp 211 may be fixed both to the primary reel BU-R and one or two neighbouring secondary reels DE-R so that relative rotation between the clamped reels is prohibited. Preferably, the branch unit clamp may be fixed both to the secondary reel DE-R and one or two neighbouring primary reels BU-R in order to limit the number of flanges that the cables has to cross.
Thus, the branch unit clamp 211 serves both as a detachable branch unit clamp for holding a branch unit BU and as a detachable reel clamp for clamping rotation of the primary reel relative to the at least the adjacent secondary reel.
The branch unit clamp 211 may be configured to be detachably connectable to flanges of the primary reel so that the branch unit clamp can be attached anywhere on the circumference of the primary reel.
The branch unit clamp 211 may be configured to be detachably connectable to adjacent flanges of the primary reel and the secondary reel for clamping relative rotation. This also allows the branch unit clamp 211 to be attached anywhere on the circumference of the secondary reel.
The secondary reels DE-R are preferably rotatably connected on the reel body 210, for example using bearings connecting the outer circumference of the reel body 210 to the inner circumference of the secondary reel. The primary reels BU-R and optionally the riser cable reel 220 are fixedly mounted on the reel body 210 so that they rotate with the reel body 210. A reel driving means 215, for example a flange drive 215, may be used for independently driving of DE reels by rotating a DE reel at a greater or lower rotation speed than the rotation speed of the reel body 210 and the primary reel.
The flange drive comprises a motorised wheel, for example a rubber wheel, which can be pressed against a flange of the secondary reel and, thereby, drive the secondary reel due to friction between the rubber wheel and the secondary reel.
Accordingly, the reel driving means 215 enables driving the secondary reel DE-R simultaneously with driving of the primary reel BU-R with a rotation speed different form the rotation speed of the primary reel BU-R. Simultaneous, but independent driving of the two reels may be achieved by mounting the secondary reel rotatably to the reel body 210, so that the primary and secondary reels can be driven at the same time at independent rotation speeds corresponding to the required retrieval or deployment speeds of the cables. The reel driving means 215 may be moveably arranged so that the reel driving means can be connected to different secondary reels on the reel body. For example, the reel driving means may be mounted on a guide extending parallel with the reel body 210 so that the reel driving means to be displaced along the guide and connected to individual secondary reels DE-R as required during retrieval or deployment. Alternatively, each secondary reel may have its own reel driving means.
The reel driving means may be arranged so that the secondary reels DE-R can also be operated by hand. It may be advantageous to be able to rotate the secondary reels by hand in order to make small rotational adjustments of the reel.
A linear cable engine 230 is used for controlling the tension of the primary cable between cable engine 230 and the BU reel. Thus, the function of the linear cable engine 230 is to take the weight of the cable between the vessel and the seabed, i.e., to control the gravity induced cable tension so that the cable tension between the linear cable engine and a BU reel is completely eliminated or reduced. The function of the linear cable engine may be accomplished by guiding the cable past the circumference of a motor-driven wheel which controls movement of the cable. By controlling the traction of the wheel on the cable via the motor the cable tension can be controlled.
The multi-reel system 201 may further comprise a dead-end cable clamp 241 and a primary cable clamp 242 for clamping the cables. A dead-end chute 243 and a primary cable chute 244 may be provided for guiding the respective dead-end and primary cables over the gunwale of the vessel. The cable clamps 241, 242 may be located downstream relative to the primary and secondary reels and in front of the chutes 243, 244.
In order to avoid damaging the cable when guided along the curved guiding section 402, the minimum bending-radius of the curved guiding path should correspond with the cable's specification of minimum bending radius. The central part 404 may have a bending radius similar to the radius of the outer circumference of a cable reel.
The cable guides 260,421,422 enables reeling/un-reeling of the DE-cables and primary cable sections 111 onto/from a plurality of primary and secondary reel. In particular, the cable guides enables tight winding of the cables, since the curved cable guides limits extensive bending stresses of the cable which would otherwise arise due to sharp edges of the flanges.
The function of the multi-reel system 201 will be elucidated from
Alternatively, the riser cable 110 may be deployed independently from the remaining backbone 101, possibly from an independent reel operated separately from the multi-reel system 201. The riser cable 110 may be connected with the remaining backbone 101 by splicing or connecting the riser cable 110 to the primary cable 111 after deployment. Thus, in an embodiment deployment of the backbone 101 may initially start with deployment of the primary cable 111.
As an example, release of the branch unit BU may be performed by rotating the BU reel until the branch unit BU and the BU clamp 211 is close to the floor below the BU reel. Then a BU wagon may optionally be used for supporting the weight of the branch unit BU during transport of the branch unit. The BU wagon is placed under the branch unit and raised in order to carry the weight of the branch unit BU. Then, the BU clamp 211 and the branch unit BU are released so that the wagon holds the branch unit. The wagon 250 may be lowered to establish clearance between the BU reel and the branch unit.
Instead of using a wagon, the branch unit BU may simply be lowered to the deck of the vessel and slid over the deck under the control of the linear cable engine 230.
The broken-line illustration of the linear cable engine 230 in
In order to place the dead-end cable DE in its chute, some additional length of the DE cable may be required. The additional length can be obtained since the DE reel can be operated independently from the BU reel. For example, rotation of the reel body 210 may be temporarily stopped and the DE reel can be rotated for a short period by the flange drive 215.
The dead-end clamp 241 is opened again and the DE winch 221 is operated until the DE termination 112 reaches the seabed. The wire 221a is released from the DE termination 112, e.g., via a remote control hook or a remote controlled under-water vehicle.
It is characteristic that the termination-end 112 is located underneath the coil of the secondary cable DE. For example the termination-end 112 may be fixed to the flange of the secondary reel DE-R at some position underneath the coil so that it is protected from external influences. Due to the location of the termination-end 112, the termination-end is released from the secondary reel DE-R when then secondary cable has been unreeled.
Then the installation proceeds from the BU clamp 211 for un-reeling the second BU reel (BU-Rb) and the second dead-end reel DE-Rb, similar to the installation step in
The separation of the dead-end chute 243 and the main chute 244 establishes an arm 490 of the DE cable extending from the branch unit BU as illustrated in
The application of independently rotatable secondary reels DE-R is advantageous since it enables independent unreeling of the secondary cable DE relative the primary cable 111. For example, if an additional length of the DE cable relative to the length of the primary cable is required this can be obtained by rotating the DE reel at a greater speed than the BU reel or by rotating the DE reel while the BU reel is stationary. If the DE cable is too long compared to the primary cable, the additional length of the DE cable can be eliminated by rotating the DE reel slower than the BU reel, rotating the DE reel in a direction opposite to the BU reel, or by temporarily stopping rotation of the DE reel.
During deployment of the backbone 101, situations may arise where sections of the secondary cable DE and the primary cable 110 need to the reeled back onto the respective DE and BU reels, for example if the cables twist. In this case, it is also required to re-reel the primary and secondary cables onto the respective DE and BU reels at different speeds in order to ensure that remaining un-reeled DE cable has the correct length when the branch unit BU approaches the BU reel, i.e., to obtain the situation shown in
The multi-reel system 201 shown in
In general, the primary reel BU-R is rotated or driven by rotation or operation of the reel body 210, for example by means of an auxiliary reel body driving means 299. The secondary reel DE-R is rotated or driven by driving or operation of the reel driving means 215.
Accordingly, the system 201 comprises the main apparatus and one or more of the devices such as the branch and BU clamps 211, cable guides 260, cable clamps 241,242, chutes 243,244 and other components which are used for deployment and retrieval of the cable distribution network. Although, the reel body driving means 299,699 may be a fixed installation on e.g., a vessel, the reel body driving means may be seen as a part of the system 201.
It is understood that the main apparatus and the system 201 is suited both for reeling and unreeling and, in general, for transporting cable sections of a seabed cable distribution network 101 for deployment and retrieval operations. Additionally, the main apparatus is also suited for the initial process of coiling cables of the network 101 onto the reels. This process is typically performed on land.
Therefore, although the description of the operation of the multi-reel system 201 focuses on un-reeling operations for deployment of cable, the operations apply equally to reeling operations for retrieval as well as for coiling of cable. Reeling operations are merely performed in opposite order relative to the un-reeling operations.
Although the present invention has been described in connection with the specified embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the specific form set forth herein. Rather, the scope of the present invention is limited only by the accompanying claims. In the claims, the term “comprising” does not exclude the presence of other elements or steps. Additionally, although individual features may be included in different claims, these may possibly be advantageously combined, and the inclusion in different claims does not imply that a combination of features is not feasible and/or advantageous. In addition, singular references do not exclude a plurality. Thus, references to “a,” “an,” “first,” “second,” etc. do not preclude a plurality. Furthermore, reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the scope.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
