Patent Grant
9202615
The present invention relates generally to a system for detaching a magnetic structure from a ferromagnetic material. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system for detaching a magnetic structure from a ferromagnetic material by applying a detachment force to a magnetic structure, where mechanical advantage provided by one or more simple machines is used to produce the detachment force.
Lifting ferromagnetic material (e.g., sheet metal) using magnetic material is known. One system uses a ring magnet that is magnetized to have four alternating polarity quadrants and uses air pressure to lift the ring magnet within a cylinder to cause the cylinder to detach from ferromagnetic material.
Also known is a cam-based system that is applied to a fixture holding a magnetic structure made up of two discrete magnets arranged in an opposite plurality orientation. The cam system applies a force on one side of the fixture to cause an angled spacing between each of the two magnets and the ferromagnetic material causing the fixture to disengage from the ferromagnetic material.
Additionally, the use of magnetic structures comprising alternating polarity discrete magnet arrangement is known where the number of discrete magnets is selected to control the throw of the device so as to control the number of pieces of ferromagnetic material removed from a stack of ferromagnetic material. For example, four magnets arranged in a checker board like polarity pattern might be used to lift three pieces of ferromagnetic material while another arrangement of sixteen smaller magnets might be used to lift only one piece of ferromagnetic material.
Magnetic printers have been developed that are capable of magnetizing multiple magnetic field sources having polarity patterns into a single piece of ferromagnetic material. Such polarity patterns
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a detachment system includes a first piece of ferromagnetic material, a shunt plate, and at least one simple machine. The first piece of ferromagnetic material has a first side and a second side opposite the first side and has magnetically printed field sources that extend from the first side to the second side. The magnetically printed field sources have a first multi-polarity pattern. The first side of the first piece of ferromagnetic material is magnetically attached to a second piece of ferromagnetic material. The shunt plate is disposed on the second side of the first piece of ferromagnetic material. The shunt plate routes magnetic flux through the first piece of ferromagnetic material from the second side to the first side of the first ferromagnetic material. The at least one simple machine is configured to amplify an applied force into a detachment force to create an angled spacing between the first piece of ferromagnetic material and the second piece of ferromagnetic material.
The system may include a fixture can be attached to the first piece of ferromagnetic material and a faceplate movably attached to the fixture that contacts the second piece of ferromagnetic material adjacent to the first piece of ferromagnetic material. The fixture can be pivotably attached to the faceplate.
The first piece of ferromagnetic material can be permanent magnet material such as neodymium iron boride.
The at least one simple machine may include one or more levers.
The at least one simple machine may comprises a plurality of simple machines.
The at least one simple machine may include a wheel and axle and the wheel and axle can be configured as a cam.
The at least one simple machine may include a pulley.
The at least one simple machine may include an inclined plane.
The at least one simple machine may include a screw.
The system of claim 1, wherein said at least one simple machine comprises a wedge.
The system may include a friction layer between the first piece of ferromagnetic material and the second piece of ferromagnetic material.
The system may include an automation device, said automation device producing said applied force.
The automation device can be remotely activated.
The automation device may be a solenoid.
The second piece of ferromagnetic material can be magnetically printed field sources having a second multi-polarity pattern that is complementary to the first multi-polarity pattern.
The system may include the second piece of ferromagnetic material.
The present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements. Additionally, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the drawing in which the reference number first appears.
The present invention will now be described more fully in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention should not, however, be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
Certain described embodiments may relate, by way of example but not limitation, to systems and/or apparatuses comprising magnetic structures, methods for using magnetic structures, magnetic structures produced via magnetic printing, magnetic structures comprising arrays of discrete magnetic elements, combinations thereof, and so forth. Example realizations for such embodiments may be facilitated, at least in part, by the use of an emerging, revolutionary technology that may be termed correlated magnetics. This revolutionary technology referred to herein as correlated magnetics was first fully described and enabled in the co-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 7,800,471 issued on Sep. 21, 2010, and entitled “A Field Emission System and Method”. The contents of this document are hereby incorporated herein by reference. A second generation of a correlated magnetic technology is described and enabled in the co-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 7,868,721 issued on Jan. 11, 2011, and entitled “A Field Emission System and Method”. The contents of this document are hereby incorporated herein by reference. A third generation of a correlated magnetic technology is described and enabled in the co-assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/476,952 filed on Jun. 2, 2009, and entitled “A Field Emission System and Method”. The contents of this document are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Another technology known as correlated inductance, which is related to correlated magnetics, has been described and enabled in the co-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 8,115,581 issued on Feb. 14, 2012, and entitled “A System and Method for Producing an Electric Pulse”. The contents of this document are hereby incorporated by reference.
Material presented herein may relate to and/or be implemented in conjunction with multilevel correlated magnetic systems and methods for producing a multilevel correlated magnetic system such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,982,568 issued Jul. 19, 2011 which is all incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Material presented herein may relate to and/or be implemented in conjunction with energy generation systems and methods such as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/184,543 filed Jul. 17, 2011, which is all incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Such systems and methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,681,256 issued Mar. 23, 2010, U.S. Pat. No. 7,750,781 issued Jul. 6, 2010, U.S. Pat. No. 7,755,462 issued Jul. 13, 2010, U.S. Pat. No. 7,812,698 issued Oct. 12, 2010, U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,817,002, 7,817,003, 7,817,004, 7,817,005, and 7,817,006 issued Oct. 19, 2010, U.S. Pat. No. 7,821,367 issued Oct. 26, 2010, U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,823,300 and 7,824,083 issued Nov. 2, 2011, U.S. Pat. No. 7,834,729 issued Nov. 16, 2011, U.S. Pat. No. 7,839,247 issued Nov. 23, 2010, U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,843,295, 7,843,296, and 7,843,297 issued Nov. 30, 2010, U.S. Pat. No. 7,893,803 issued Feb. 22, 2011, U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,956,711 and 7,956,712 issued Jun. 7, 2011, U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,958,575, 7,961,068 and 7,961,069 issued Jun. 14, 2011, U.S. Pat. No. 7,963,818 issued Jun. 21, 2011, and U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,015,752 and 8,016,330 issued Sep. 13, 2011, and U.S. Pat. No. 8,035,260 issued Oct. 11, 2011 are all incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
The present invention pertains to detaching multi-pole magnetic structures from a ferromagnetic material by applying a detachment force (or detachment force) to an outer perimeter of a magnetic structure, where mechanical advantage provided by one or more simple machines is used to produce the detachment force. One or more simple machines may comprise a plurality of simple machines to include a plurality of the same type of simple machine or a combination of different simple machines. As such, a plurality of simple machines may correspond to a complex machine. A ferromagnetic material may be any metal such as iron or steel to which a magnetic structure will magnetically attach due to magnetic attraction, or a ferromagnetic material may be any magnetized or non-magnetized permanent magnet material, for example a neodymium iron boride (NIB) material, or any combination thereof. As such, the invention can be used for detaching a magnetic structure from metal or detaching a magnetic structure from a magnetic structure. A simple machine may comprise a lever, a wheel and axle, a pulley, an inclined plane, a screw, or a wedge. A combination of two or more simple machines may be referred to as a complex machine.
The invention takes advantage of the shortest path effect between opposite polarity magnetic field sources (or field sources) of multi-pole magnetic structures, which concentrates magnetic fields near the surface of the magnetic structures. In accordance with one aspect of the invention a detachment force is applied to a magnetic structure by one or more simple machine. As the detachment force is applied, an angled spacing is created between the magnetic structure and a surface of a ferromagnetic material to which the magnetic structure is magnetically attached. As the angled spacing increases more and more of the field lines between magnetic field sources of the magnetic structure transition from producing an attractive force with the surface of the ferromagnetic material to interacting with one or more nearby opposite polarity magnetic field sources due to the shortest path effect causing the magnetic structure to detach from the ferromagnetic material. Generally, the smaller the diameter of the magnetic field sources, the smaller the required angled spacing that must be produced to cause detachment.
As described herein a detachment system in accordance with the invention has an attached state and a detached state. As such, a detachment system in accordance with the invention might alternatively be described as an attachment/detachment system or be otherwise described to be an attachment device that can be detached, whereby one or more simple machines are used to change the state of a detachment system from an attachment state to a detachment state, or vice versa.
As depicted, the magnetic structure is a single piece of magnetizable material (e.g., NIB) that has been magnetically printed with a multi-polarity pattern of magnetic field sources and which has been attached to the fixture using an adhesive. As required, the fixture may include a recessed area to assist in the attachment of the magnetic structure, which may not require an adhesive. Moreover, the round shape and flat bottom surface of the magnetic structure is arbitrary where the shape of the magnet can be some other shape, for example square or any other shape, and the bottom surface may have a different shape, such as convex or concave shape as appropriate to attach to a non-flat surface of a ferromagnetic material. For example, the magnetic structure might be shaped to conform to the surface of a metal cylinder. Additionally, the magnetic structure could include a hole in it such as hole in ring magnet. As such, a magnetic structure with a hole might be attached to a ferromagnetic material that itself has a hole. For example, the magnetic structure might be used to provide a magnetic seal between a container and a container cover where there is a ring of ferromagnetic material around the opening of the container used for magnetic attachment with a magnetic structure associated with the cover (or vice versa). One skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention can be practiced using a magnetic structure comprising a plurality of discrete magnets arranged in accordance with a desired multi-pole pattern such as described in the various patents previously incorporated by reference.
Under one arrangement, a shunt plate (i.e., a thin metal layer) may be placed on the back side of the magnetic structure to route magnetic flux from the back side of the magnetic structure through the magnetic structure to the front side of the magnetic structure, where the back side is the side of the magnetic structure that is opposite the side that attaches to the metal. The use of shunt plates is described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/374,074, filed Dec. 9, 2011, and titled “A system and method for affecting flux of magnetic structures”, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Referring to
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention an optional friction layer or sheet (such as tape, rubber, Velcro, adhesive) may be applied to the portion of the faceplate that comes in contact with the ferromagnetic material to increase sheer force. Optionally, a protective coating such as Mylar can be applied to the surface of the magnetic structure that comes in contact with the ferromagnetic material, where the step between the magnetic structure and the friction surface may be optimized as friction will be maximum at some value of compression, which is when all the load should be on the friction surface and none on the magnetic structure surface. Thus, the maximum is when the magnetic structure is infinitesimally close to but not touching the ferromagnetic material surface.
In accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, a two part fixture 112 is employed enabling the magnetic structure 101 to be attached to a ferromagnetic material 102 independent of the system 100, where the system 100 can then be used for detachment of the magnetic structure 101 from the ferromagnetic material 102. Specifically, the fixture 112 comprises a first fixture portion 112a that is pivotably attached to the first bracket 106 and a second fixture portion 112b that is attached to the magnetic structure whereby the first and second fixture portions can be attached to enable detachment of the magnetic structure 101 from the ferromagnetic material 102 as previously described.
Generally, the second fixture portion can be designed to enable attachment of an object to the ferromagnetic material. For example, the magnetic structure 101 could be attached to sheet metal attached to a wall where the male portion of the second fixture portion could be effectively used as a hook for another object (e.g., a fire extinguisher) having a female portion comparable to that of the first fixture portion 112a. The second fixture portion 112b may include screw holes use to attach a hook, a clamp, etc. or otherwise have holes for accepting pegs, etc. The second fixture 112b might have on its out surface an adhesive that could be attached to an object, and so on. One skilled in the art will recognize that all sorts of shapes and sizes of fixture portions are possible where the fixture might support a threaded pipe, provide a tie off for a rope, or serve some other attachment purpose.
Under one arrangement, one or more spacers (e.g., thin plastic or metal layers) can be placed between a fixture 112, a magnetic structure 101, and/or a cover plate 103 and a ferromagnetic material 102 to determine the amount of attractive force and depth of attractive force that a detachment system provides between the magnetic structure 101 and the ferromagnetic material 102. As such, a detachment system 100 may be configured to pick up three sheets of metal, two sheets of metal, or only one sheet of metal by adding or removing spacers. Such spacers, which may be active or inactive, may have the same of different thicknesses and may have a thickness that varies. Similarly, various mechanisms are possible whereby a moveable part such as a cam-like device provides an angled spacing between a fixture 112, a magnetic structure 101, and/or a cover plate 103 and a ferromagnetic material 102 that can be adjusted to achieve a desired attachment force (and corresponding attachment depth). The movable part could be a rotatable screw-like device or could be any one of all sorts of mechanical devices capable of varying the minimum separation between the ferromagnetic material and magnetic structure (or the minimum separation between two magnetic structures). One skilled in the art will recognize that the shape of a cam can be configured (i.e., shaped) to be stable at any point so the attachment force can be easily adjusted.
In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, a magnetic structure 101 is shaped to be accepted by and attach to a fixture 112 such that the magnetic structure 101 can be attached to a ferromagnetic material 102 independent of the system 100 but then magnetic structure can be accepted by and attach to a fixture of the system 100 such that it can be used to detach the magnetic structure 101 from the ferromagnetic material 102. For example, the magnetic structure 101 might have a shape like the combination of the magnetic structure 101 and second fixture portion 112b of
In accordance with the present invention, an initial force can be provided manually (e.g., a person applying a force) but an initial force may instead be produced using an automation device such as a solenoid, using hydraulics (air or fluid), using a gear, a cam, etc. As such, the initial force may be a manual force or an automated force. An automated force may be controlled by a control system, which could be, for example, a remote wireless control device (e.g., like a RF garage door opener or RF vehicle door key) or could be a hardwired control device (e.g., a push button switch or other type of on/off switch). The control system may include control logic that only provides for the initial force under a set of conditions that may be determined by one or more sensors (e.g., opening a door due to detection of smoke from a fire or from detection of a voice command). Similarly, an initial force may be removed when a condition(s) is met or no longer met. Generally, all sorts of systems are possible where an initial force is applied only when a condition is met, a threshold is surpassed, and so on, and/or an initial for is removed when a condition is no longer met, etc.
In accordance with the invention, a locking mechanism (e.g., a safety lock mechanism) can be added to prevent mechanical advantage from being achieved unless the locking mechanism is unlocked. A handle may also be associated with a system of the invention thereby simplifying control (i.e., movement) of the system and/or of an object to which the system is magnetically attached, where a handle may include a grip and may be attached to a pole, for example, an extendable/retractable periscoping pole mechanism.
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, an optional bias force mechanism can be provided to preload a system such as the system 100 shown in
In accordance with the invention, ferromagnetic material can be included in (e.g., integrated into) or otherwise attached to walls, cabinets, etc. to enable things to be magnetically attached to them. Similarly ferromagnetic material can be included in or otherwise attached to clothing, purses, and the like to enable magnetic attachment. As such, non-ferromagnetic materials such as sheet rock, brick, concrete, wood (i.e., trees, furniture, planking, etc.), plastic, glass, fabric, leather, nylon, porcelain, etc. can have ferromagnetic material attached to them, which enables a system in accordance with the invention to be attached. Generally, all sorts of methods for attaching ferromagnetic material to non-ferromagnetic material can be used such as use of nails, screws, adhesives, and the like. For example, an exemplary attachment system 1000 consisting of a sheet metal plate with integrated tabs could be used to provide for magnetic attachment to sheet rock or to wood.
In accordance with the invention correlated magnetic structures can be used to achieve precision metal-on-magnet alignment, whereby a metal is used to achieve strong attachment at a lower price than magnet-on-magnet attachment but is supplemented with at least one complementary correlated magnetic structure pair used for alignment purposes. As shown in
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention shown in
Generally, all sorts of assemblies involving different sizes and shapes of fixtures, optional cover layers, and magnetic structures can be employed including a magnetic structure having a shape where a separate fixture isn't required such as shown in
The present invention also pertains to detaching a multi-pole magnetic structure from a ferromagnetic material by applying a detachment force to an outer perimeter of ferromagnetic material to produce an angled spacing between the ferromagnetic material and the magnetic structure resulting in detachment, where mechanical advantage provided by one or more simple machines is used to produce the detachment force. In accordance with the invention, a system 1400 for detaching a magnetic structure from a ferromagnetic material may be the same as system 100 of
As previously described, a ferromagnetic material may be permanent magnet material. Thus, the present invention also pertains to detaching a multi-pole magnetic structure from a multi-pole magnetic structure by applying a detachment force to an outer perimeter of either multi-pole magnetic structure to produce an angled spacing between the the two magnetic structures resulting in detachment, where mechanical advantage provided by one or more simple machines is used to produce the detachment force. In accordance with the invention, a system 1420 for detaching a magnetic structure from a ferromagnetic material that is another magnetic structure may be the same as system 100 of
In accordance with an embodiment of the invention a ferromagnetic material can be associated with a first object and a magnetic structure can be associated with a second object. Once the first and second objects become magnetically attached, a force can be applied to the first object or to the second object to create an angled spacing between the magnetic structure and the ferromagnetic structure resulting in detachment. In
In accordance with another embodiment of the invention depicted in
In accordance with the invention a cam 1612 can be rotated by a motor (or manually) such that an angled spacing 130 is produced periodically based on the rate of rotation of the cam. Similarly, a cam may be rotated by a solenoid (e.g., a battery powered solenoid), which can be activated by a switch that might be activated remotely, for example by a remote radio frequency (RF) control device similar to a garage door opener or to a car door opener. One skilled in the art will recognize that all sorts for remote activation approaches are possible with various embodiments of the invention. Remote controlled detachment devices in accordance with the invention might be suitable for use by a small crane or a loader such as a skid-steer loader, opening a panel or door such.
In accordance with the invention, a fixture or faceplate may be configured to conform to one or more surface(s) of an object that might have flat surfaces, round surfaces, or surfaces having other shapes. For example, a faceplate may be L-shaped to attach to the side, top, or bottom surfaces of a metal object (e.g., a refrigerator, file cabinet, etc.) and may include retractable portions that enable a faceplate or fixture to attach much like a wood-clamp.
In accordance with a one aspect of the invention, a wheel having one or more outer surfaces can have associated with the one or more outer surfaces corresponding magnetic structures enabling those outer surfaces to attach to a ferromagnetic material.
One skilled in the art will understand that the amount of surface of such a wheel device that is in contact at a given time during the rotation of the wheel is determined by the shape of the wheel including the width of the wheel and the number of surfaces. As such, there are all sorts of engineering trades that can be made to accommodate requirements of different applications.
Additionally, multiple wheels can be configured with track like that of a tank or bulldozer.
In accordance with the invention, a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array of magnetic structures and corresponding simple machines can be used in combination to provide a substantial attachment force to a ferromagnetic material, where the simple machines can be used to produce angled spacings resulting in detachment of the array of magnetic structures from the ferromagnetic material. The various combinations of magnetic structures and simple machines can be contiguous (e.g., like side by side tiles) or may be separated. The magnetic structure can be detached from ferromagnetic material simultaneously or at different times.
Detachment systems 100 in accordance with the invention lend themselves for providing attachment/detachment to all sorts of objects having hinged doors or panels such as appliances, safes, cabinets, laptop computers, and the like, where the door/panel may be rigid, flexible, foldable, rollable, etc.
Detachment systems 100 in accordance with the invention lend themselves for providing attachment/detachment to all sorts of objects having hinged doors or panels such as appliances, safes, cabinets, laptop computers, and the like, where the door/panel may be rigid, flexible, foldable, rollable, etc.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, mechanical advantage can be used to move a magnetic structure rotationally and/or translationally relative to a ferromagnetic material (or vice versa) to achieve detachment, where the ferromagnetic material may be a second magnetic structure.
In accordance with alternative detachment approach of the present invention, a force, for example a force achieved via mechanical advantage from a simple machine, can be employed in a shear force direction to move a magnetic structure relative to a ferromagnetic material to reduce the size of the area of attachment between them thereby reducing the amount of tensile force required to detach the magnetic structure from the ferromagnetic material. Such an approach is depicted in
The present invention enables magnetic structures to be used in many magnetic structure-on-metal and magnetic structure-on-magnetic structure applications including the following examples:
In accordance with the present invention, a pattern of magnetic field sources of a magnetic structure can have a spatial density or spatial frequency (i.e., the amount of polarity reversals per unit area) that results in a strong magnetic attachment and also has a steep (rapidly declining) force vs. separation distance curve, where the spatial density determines the depth at which a detachment system will attach to metal and therefore the number of layers of metal that will attach to the system. Shunt plates can be used with magnetic structures programmed with such a pattern to further strengthen the magnetic structures and to make their force vs. separation distance curves even steeper. Generally, the steeper the force curves, the smaller the separation gap required to remove a correlated magnetic structure from metal. Moreover, a pattern of magnetic field sources of a magnetic structure (or of a correlated magnetic structure pair) can have a force curve that is tailored to meet specific force requirements, for example, a linear force curve over some range of separation distances.
A detachment system of the invention or ferromagnetic material used with a system of the invention may be gold plated, have a brushed or polished texture, be painted, or have other features intended to provide a professional or stylish appearance.
While particular embodiments of the invention have been described, it will be understood, however, that the invention is not limited thereto, since modifications may be made by those skilled in the art, particularly in light of the foregoing teachings.
This Nonprovisional Patent Application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Applications 61/604,376, filed Feb. 28, 2012, titled “System for Detaching a Magnetic Structure from a Ferromagnetic Material” and 61/640,979, filed May 1, 2012, titled “System for Detaching a Magnetic Structure from a Ferromagnetic Material”, which are both incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
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