Patent Application
20170243209
Historically, payment authorization and settlement is performed across traditional payment rails. Such communication channels typically require routing of communications from an acquiring bank to an issuing bank for authorization. Such communications must travel across rails such as those operated by third party credit card providers. Further, granting user access may be difficult without connections to a hosting system. Accordingly, a need exists for a distributed network for facilitating user access and data usage.
Embodiments of the present invention address these and/or other needs by providing an innovative system, method and computer program product for operatively connecting with a block chain distributed network and using the block chain distributed network for granting user access and/or data usage in a process data network.
According to embodiments of the invention, a system includes a memory device; and a processing device operatively coupled to the memory device, wherein the processing device is configured to execute computer-readable program code to receive a transaction record associated with a payment transaction initiated by a user, wherein the transaction record comprises transaction data indicating a payor account owned by a payor distinct from the user, a payee and an amount; access a distributed ledger stored in the memory device, wherein the distributed ledger is updated based on communications from a block chain distributed network; and determine, using the accessed distributed ledger, whether the user is authorized to conduct the payment transaction.
In some embodiments, the processing device is configured to execute computer-readable program code further to determine that the user is authorized to conduct the payment transaction. In some such embodiments, the processing device is configured to execute computer-readable program code further to determine, using the accessed distributed ledger, that one or more payor restrictions have been placed on user use of the payor account; and apply the one or more payor restrictions to processing of the payment transaction. In some of these embodiments, the one or more payor restrictions comprise a maximum transaction amount restriction indicating a maximum amount allowed per transaction initiated by the user using the payor account. In others of these embodiments, the one or more payor restrictions comprise a merchant categories restriction indicating one or more merchant categories allowed for use by the user using the payor account. In others of these embodiments, the one or more payor restrictions comprise a spending control restriction indicating one or more cumulative spending limits dictating a cumulative amount not to be exceeded by a certain number of payment transactions initiated by the user using the payor account, when taken in combination.
In some embodiments, determining whether the user is authorized to conduct the payment transaction comprises accessing payor authorization preferences comprising a list of one or more identities authorized to use the payor account and authenticating the user's identity to the payor authorization preferences. In some of these embodiments, authenticating the user's identity comprises receiving authentication credentials from the user and comparing them to the payor authorization preferences. In others of these embodiments, authenticating the user's identity comprises determining a level of authentication required for access to the payor's account based on the payor authorization preferences; requesting authentication credentials based on the level of authentication required; and receiving authentication credentials from the user and comparing them to the payor authorization preferences.
According to embodiments of the invention, a method for execution on a system operatively connected with a block chain distributed network, the method for using the block chain distributed network for granting user access and/or data usage in a process data network includes receiving, by the system, a transaction record associated with a payment transaction initiated by a user, wherein the transaction record comprises transaction data indicating a payor account owned by a payor distinct from the user, a payee and an amount; accessing, by the system, a distributed ledger stored in the memory device, wherein the distributed ledger is updated based on communications from a block chain distributed network; and determining, by the system, using the accessed distributed ledger, whether the user is authorized to conduct the payment transaction.
In some embodiments, the method includes determining, by the system, that the user is authorized to conduct the payment transaction. In some such embodiments, the method includes determining, by the system, using the accessed distributed ledger, that one or more payor restrictions have been placed on user use of the payor account; and applying, by the system, the one or more payor restrictions to processing of the payment transaction. In some such embodiments, the one or more payor restrictions comprise a maximum transaction amount restriction indicating a maximum amount allowed per transaction initiated by the user using the payor account. In other such embodiments, the one or more payor restrictions comprise a merchant categories restriction indicating one or more merchant categories allowed for use by the user using the payor account. In yet other such embodiments, the one or more payor restrictions comprise a spending control restriction indicating one or more cumulative spending limits dictating a cumulative amount not to be exceeded by a certain number of payment transactions initiated by the user using the payor account, when taken in combination.
In some embodiments, determining whether the user is authorized to conduct the payment transaction comprises accessing payor authorization preferences comprising a list of one or more identities authorized to use the payor account and authenticating the user's identity to the payor authorization preferences. In some of these embodiments, authenticating the user's identity comprises receiving authentication credentials from the user and comparing them to the payor authorization preferences. In others of these embodiments, authenticating the user's identity comprises determining a level of authentication required for access to the payor's account based on the payor authorization preferences; requesting authentication credentials based on the level of authentication required; and receiving authentication credentials from the user and comparing them to the payor authorization preferences.
According to embodiments of the invention, a computer program product for execution on a system operatively connected with a block chain distributed network and for using the block chain distributed network for granting user access and/or data usage in a process data network includes at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer-readable program code portions embodied therein, which includes an executable portion configured to receive a transaction record associated with a payment transaction initiated by a user, wherein the transaction record comprises transaction data indicating a payor account owned by a payor distinct from the user, a payee and an amount; an executable portion configured to access a distributed ledger stored in the memory device, wherein the distributed ledger is updated based on communications from a block chain distributed network; and an executable portion configured to determine, using the accessed distributed ledger, whether the user is authorized to conduct the payment transaction.
In some embodiments, the computer-readable program code portions further comprise an executable portion configured to determine that the user is authorized to conduct the payment transaction.
The features, functions, and advantages that have been discussed may be achieved independently in various embodiments of the present invention or may be combined with yet other embodiments, further details of which can be seen with reference to the following description and drawings.
Having thus described embodiments of the invention in general terms, reference will now be made the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all, embodiments of the invention are shown. Indeed, the invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. Where possible, any terms expressed in the singular form herein are meant to also include the plural form and vice versa, unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “a” and/or “an” shall mean “one or more,” even though the phrase “one or more” is also used herein. Furthermore, when it is said herein that something is “based on” something else, it may be based on one or more other things as well. In other words, unless expressly indicated otherwise, as used herein “based on” means “based at least in part on” or “based at least partially on.” Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
In accordance with embodiments of the invention, the terms “financial institution” and “financial entity” include any organization that processes financial transactions including, but not limited to, banks, credit unions, savings and loan associations, investment companies, stock brokerages, asses management firms, insurance companies and the like. In specific embodiments of the invention, use of the term “bank” is limited to a financial entity in which account-bearing customers conduct financial transactions, such as account deposits, withdrawals, transfers and the like.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a system and method for Embodiments enable a system operatively connected with a block chain distributed network to use a block chain distributed network for granting user access and/or data usage in a process data network. Embodiments receive a transaction record associated with a payment transaction initiated by a user, wherein the transaction record comprises transaction data indicating a payor account owned by a payor distinct from the user, a payee and an amount; access a distributed ledger stored in the memory device, wherein the distributed ledger is updated based on communications from a block chain distributed network; and determine, using the accessed distributed ledger, whether the user is authorized to conduct the payment transaction. In some cases, the system determines, using the accessed distributed ledger, that one or more payor restrictions have been placed on user use of the payor account; and applies the payor restrictions to processing of the payment transaction.
In some cases, the payor restrictions include a maximum transaction amount restriction indicating a maximum amount allowed per transaction initiated by the user using the payor account, a merchant categories restriction indicating one or more merchant categories allowed for use by the user using the payor account, and/or a spending control restriction indicating one or more cumulative spending limits dictating a cumulative amount not to be exceeded by a certain number of payment transactions initiated by the user using the payor account, when taken in combination.
In some cases, payor authorization preferences include a list of one or more identities authorized to use the payor account and authenticating the user's identity to the payor authorization preferences. Thus, authenticating the user's identity may include receiving authentication credentials from the user and comparing them to the payor authorization preferences. In some instances, authorizing the user includes determining a level of authentication required for access to the payor's account based on the payor authorization preferences; requesting authentication credentials based on the level of authentication required; and receiving authentication credentials from the user and comparing them to the payor authorization preferences.
The environment 100 also may include a mobile device 200 and a personal computing device 300 for use by the first user 110 and second user 120, respectively. The personal computing device 300 may be any device that employs a processor and memory and can perform computing functions, such as a personal computer or a mobile device. As used herein, a “mobile device” 200 is any mobile communication device, such as a cellular telecommunications device (i.e., a cell phone or mobile phone), personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile Internet accessing device, or other mobile device.
The mobile device 200 and the personal computing device 300 are configured to communicate over a network 150 with a financial institution system(s) 400 and, in some cases, one or more other financial institution systems 170 and with the blockchain, as represented by the block chain distributed network systems 500. The first user's mobile device 200, the second user's personal computing device 300, the financial institution system(s) 400, the block chain distributed network systems 500, and any other participating financial institution systems 170 are each described in greater detail below with reference to
In general, a mobile device 200 is configured to connect with the network 150 to log the first user 110 into a block chain interface 492 of the financial institution system(s) 400 and/or the block chain distributed network systems 500 (i.e., “block chain systems 500). A user, in order to access the first user's account(s), online banking application and/or mobile banking application on the financial institution system(s) 400 must authenticate with the financial institution system(s) 400 and/or another system. Similarly, in some embodiments, in order to access the distributed ledger(s) of the block chain systems 500, a user must authenticate with the financial institution system(s) 400 and/or another system, such as one of the block chain systems 500. For example, logging into the financial institution system(s) 400 generally requires that the first user 110 authenticate his/her identity using a user name, a passcode, a cookie, a biometric identifier, a private key, a token, and/or another authentication mechanism that is provided by the first user 110 to the financial institution system(s) 400 via the mobile device 200.
The financial institution system(s) 400 are in network communication with other devices, such as other financial institutions' transaction/banking systems 170, block chain systems 500, and a personal computing device 300 that is configured to communicate with the network 150 to log a second user 120 into the financial institution system(s) 400. In one embodiment, the invention may provide an application download server such that software applications that support the financial institution system(s) 400 can be downloaded to the mobile device 200.
In some embodiments of the invention, the application download server is configured to be controlled and managed by one or more third-party data providers (not shown in
In some embodiments of the invention, the block chain systems 500 are configured to be controlled and managed by one or more third-party data providers (not shown), financial institutions or other entities over the network 150. In other embodiments, the block chain systems 500 are configured to be controlled and managed over the network 150 by the same entity that maintains the financial institution system(s) 400.
Some embodiments of the mobile device 200 include a processor 210 communicably coupled to such devices as a memory 220, user output devices 236, user input devices 240, a network interface 260, a power source 215, a clock or other timer 250, a camera 280, and a positioning system device 275. The processor 210, and other processors described herein, generally include circuitry for implementing communication and/or logic functions of the mobile device 200. For example, the processor 210 may include a digital signal processor device, a microprocessor device, and various analog to digital converters, digital to analog converters, and/or other support circuits. Control and signal processing functions of the mobile device 200 are allocated between these devices according to their respective capabilities. The processor 210 thus may also include the functionality to encode and interleave messages and data prior to modulation and transmission. The processor 210 can additionally include an internal data modem. Further, the processor 210 may include functionality to operate one or more software programs, which may be stored in the memory 220. For example, the processor 210 may be capable of operating a connectivity program, such as a web browser application 222. The web browser application 222 may then allow the mobile device 200 to transmit and receive web content, such as, for example, location-based content and/or other web page content, according to a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), and/or the like.
The processor 210 is configured to use the network interface 260 to communicate with one or more other devices on the network 150. In this regard, the network interface 260 includes an antenna 276 operatively coupled to a transmitter 274 and a receiver 272 (together a “transceiver”). The processor 210 is configured to provide signals to and receive signals from the transmitter 274 and receiver 272, respectively. The signals may include signaling information in accordance with the air interface standard of the applicable cellular system of the wireless telephone network 152. In this regard, the mobile device 200 may be configured to operate with one or more air interface standards, communication protocols, modulation types, and access types. By way of illustration, the mobile device 200 may be configured to operate in accordance with any of a number of first, second, third, and/or fourth-generation communication protocols and/or the like. For example, the mobile device 200 may be configured to operate in accordance with second-generation (2G) wireless communication protocols IS-136 (time division multiple access (TDMA)), GSM (global system for mobile communication), and/or IS-95 (code division multiple access (CDMA)), or with third-generation (3G) wireless communication protocols, such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), CDMA2000, wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and/or time division-synchronous CDMA (TD-SCDMA), with fourth-generation (4G) wireless communication protocols, with LTE protocols, with 3GPP protocols and/or the like. The mobile device 200 may also be configured to operate in accordance with non-cellular communication mechanisms, such as via a wireless local area network (WLAN) or other communication/data networks.
The network interface 260 may also include a block chain network interface 270. The block chain network interface 270 may include software, such as encryption software, and hardware, such as a modem, for communicating information to and/or from one or more devices on a network 150 and connected with or that are part of the block chain systems 500. For example, the mobile device 200 may be configured so that it can be used as an interface for interacting with the block chain for inputting information such as authentication credentials for the user requesting access to the payor account for a transaction. For example, the mobile device 200 may wirelessly communicate encrypted authentication information to a terminal of the network 150 or the block chain systems 500 for identity authentication.
As described above, the mobile device 200 has a user interface that is, like other user interfaces described herein, made up of user output devices 236 and/or user input devices 240. The user output devices 236 include a display 230 (e.g., a liquid crystal display or the like) and a speaker 232 or other audio device, which are operatively coupled to the processor 210. The user input devices 240, which allow the mobile device 200 to receive data from a user such as the first user 110, may include any of a number of devices allowing the mobile device 200 to receive data from a user, such as a keypad, keyboard, touch-screen, touchpad, microphone, mouse, joystick, other pointer device, button, soft key, and/or other input device(s). The user interface may also include a camera 280, such as a digital camera.
The mobile device 200 may also include a positioning system device 275 that is configured to be used by a positioning system to determine a location of the mobile device 200. For example, the positioning system device 275 may include a GPS transceiver. In some embodiments, the positioning system device 275 is at least partially made up of the antenna 276, transmitter 274, and receiver 272 described above. For example, in one embodiment, triangulation of cellular signals may be used to identify the approximate location of the mobile device 200. In other embodiments, the positioning system device 275 includes a proximity sensor or transmitter, such as an RFID tag, that can sense or be sensed by devices known to be located proximate a merchant or other location to determine that the mobile device 200 is located proximate these known devices. Such information may be used by embodiments of the invention in order to determine a level of authentication required from the user in order to access the payor account for transactions. For example, if the mobile device was close in geographic proximity to another transaction that was authorized and close in time to the requested transaction, then a lower level of authentication may be required.
The mobile device 200 further includes a power source 215, such as a battery, for powering various circuits and other devices that are used to operate the mobile device 200. Embodiments of the mobile device 200 may also include a clock or other timer 250 configured to determine and, in some cases, communicate actual or relative time to the processor 210 or one or more other devices.
The mobile device 200 also includes a memory 220 operatively coupled to the processor 210. As used herein, memory includes any computer readable medium (as defined herein below) configured to store data, code, or other information. The memory 220 may include volatile memory, such as volatile Random Access Memory (RAM) including a cache area for the temporary storage of data. The memory 220 may also include non-volatile memory, which can be embedded and/or may be removable. The non-volatile memory can additionally or alternatively include an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or the like.
The memory 220 can store any of a number of applications which comprise computer-executable instructions/code executed by the processor 210 to implement the functions of the mobile device 200 and/or one or more of the process/method steps described herein. For example, the memory 220 may include such applications as a conventional web browser application 222 and/or a distributed ledger application 221. These applications also typically provide a graphical user interface (GUI) on the display 230 that allows the first user 110 to communicate with the mobile device 200, the financial institution system(s) 400, and/or other devices or systems.
The memory 220 can also store any of a number of pieces of information, and data, used by the mobile device 200 and the applications and devices that make up the mobile device 200 or are in communication with the mobile device 200 to implement the functions of the mobile device 200 and/or the other systems described herein. For example, the memory 220 may include such data as user authentication information, etc.
Referring now to
As used herein, a “processing device,” such as the processing device 320, generally refers to a device or combination of devices having circuitry used for implementing the communication and/or logic functions of a particular system. For example, a processing device 320 may include a digital signal processor device, a microprocessor device, and various analog-to-digital converters, digital-to-analog converters, and other support circuits and/or combinations of the foregoing. Control and signal processing functions of the system are allocated between these processing devices according to their respective capabilities. The processing device 320 may further include functionality to operate one or more software programs based on computer-executable program code thereof, which may be stored in a memory. As the phrase is used herein, a processing device 320 may be “configured to” perform a certain function in a variety of ways, including, for example, by having one or more general-purpose circuits perform the function by executing particular computer-executable program code embodied in computer-readable medium, and/or by having one or more application-specific circuits perform the function.
As used herein, a “user interface” 330 generally includes a plurality of interface devices and/or software that allow a customer to input commands and data to direct the processing device to execute instructions. For example, the user interface 330 presented in
As used herein, a “memory device” 350 generally refers to a device or combination of devices that store one or more forms of computer-readable media for storing data and/or computer-executable program code/instructions. Computer-readable media is defined in greater detail below. For example, in one embodiment, the memory device 350 includes any computer memory that provides an actual or virtual space to temporarily or permanently store data and/or commands provided to the processing device 320 when it carries out its functions described herein.
It should be understood that the memory device 450 may include one or more databases or other data structures/repositories. The memory device 450 also includes computer-executable program code that instructs the processing device 420 to operate the network communication interface 410 to perform certain communication functions of the financial institution system(s) 400 described herein. For example, in one embodiment of the financial institution system(s) 400, the memory device 450 includes, but is not limited to, a network server application 470, an authentication application 460, a customer account data repository 480 which includes customer authentication data 480 and customer account information 484, a mobile banking application 490 which includes a block chain interface 492, a mobile web server application 493, a downloadable distributed ledger application 494 and other computer-executable instructions or other data. The computer-executable program code of the network server application 470, the authentication application 460, or the mobile banking application 490 may instruct the processing device 420 to perform certain logic, data-processing, and data-storing functions of the financial institution system(s) 400 described herein, as well as communication functions of the financial institution system(s) 400.
In one embodiment, the customer account data repository 480 includes customer authentication data 482 and customer account information 484. The network server application 470, the authentication application 460, and the mobile banking application 490 are configured to invoke or use the customer account information 484, the customer authentication data 482, and the block chain interface 492 when authenticating a user to the financial institution system(s) 400 and/or the block chain systems 500.
As used herein, a “communication interface” generally includes a modem, server, transceiver, and/or other device for communicating with other devices on a network, and/or a user interface for communicating with one or more customers. Referring again to
As illustrated in
The network communication interface 510 is a communication interface having one or more communication devices configured to communicate with one or more other devices on the network 150. The processing device 520 is configured to use the network communication interface 510 to receive information from and/or provide information and commands to a mobile device 200, a personal computing device 300, other financial institution systems 170, other block chain network systems 500, the financial institution system(s) 400 and/or other devices via the network 150. In some embodiments, the processing device 520 also uses the network communication interface 510 to access other devices on the network 150, such as one or more web servers of one or more third-party data providers. In some embodiments, one or more of the devices described herein may be operated by a second entity so that the second entity controls the various functions involving the block chain network systems 500. For example, in one embodiment of the invention, although the financial institution system(s) 400 are operated by a first entity (e.g., a financial institution), a second entity operates one or more of the block chain network systems 500 that store various copies of the distributed ledger 570.
As described above, the processing device 520 is configured to use the network communication interface 510 to gather data, such as data corresponding to transactions, blocks or other updates to the distributed ledger 570 from various data sources such as other block chain network systems 500. The processing device 520 stores the data that it receives in its copy of the distributed ledger 570 stored in the memory device 550.
As discussed above, in some embodiments of the invention, an application server or application download server (not shown) might be provided. The application download server may include a network communication interface, a processing device, and a memory device. The network communication interface and processing device are similar to the previously described network communication interface 410 and the processing device 420 previously described. For example, the processing device is operatively coupled to the network communication interface and the memory device. In one embodiment of the application download server, the memory device includes a network browsing application having computer-executable program code that instructs the processing device to operate the network communication interface to perform certain communication functions of the application download server described herein. In some embodiments of the invention, the application download server provides applications that are to be downloaded to a qualified user's mobile device or personal computing device.
Rather than utilizing a centralized ledger as discussed with reference to some embodiments above and as shown in
A block chain or blockchain is a distributed database that maintains a list of data records, the security of which is enhanced by the distributed nature of the block chain. A block chain typically includes several nodes, which may be one or more systems, machines, computers, databases, data stores or the like operably connected with one another. In some cases, each of the nodes or multiple nodes are maintained by different entities. A block chain typically works without a central repository or single administrator. One well-known application of a block chain is the public ledger of transactions for cryptocurrencies such as used in bitcoin. The data records recorded in the block chain are enforced cryptographically and stored on the nodes of the block chain.
A block chain provides numerous advantages over traditional databases. A large number of nodes of a block chain may reach a consensus regarding the validity of a transaction contained on the transaction ledger. Similarly, when multiple versions of a document or transaction exits on the ledger, multiple nodes can converge on the most up-to-date version of the transaction. For example, in the case of a virtual currency transaction, any node within the block chain that creates a transaction can determine within a level of certainty whether the transaction can take place and become final by confirming that no conflicting transactions (i.e., the same currency unit has not already been spent) confirmed by the block chain elsewhere.
The block chain typically has two primary types of records. The first type is the transaction type, which consists of the actual data stored in the block chain. The second type is the block type, which are records that confirm when and in what sequence certain transactions became recorded as part of the block chain. Transactions are created by participants using the block chain in its normal course of business, for example, when someone sends cryptocurrency to another person), and blocks are created by users known as “miners” who use specialized software/equipment to create blocks. In some embodiments, the block chain system is closed, as such the number of miners in the current system are known and the system comprises primary sponsors that generate and create the new blocks of the system. As such, any block may be worked on by a primary sponsor. Users of the block chain create transactions that are passed around to various nodes of the block chain. A “valid” transaction is one that can be validated based on a set of rules that are defined by the particular system implementing the block chain. For example, in the case of cryptocurrencies, a valid transaction is one that is digitally signed, spent from a valid digital wallet and, in some cases, that meets other criteria. In some block chain systems, miners are incentivized to create blocks by a rewards structure that offers a pre-defined per-block reward and/or fees offered within the transactions validated themselves. Thus, when a miner successfully validates a transaction on the block chain, the miner may receive rewards and/or fees as an incentive to continue creating new blocks.
As mentioned above and referring to
Various other specific-purpose implementations of block chains have been developed. These include distributed domain name management, decentralized crowd-funding, synchronous/asynchronous communication, decentralized real-time ride sharing and even a general purpose deployment of decentralized applications.
In various embodiments, the block chain may be configured with a set of rules to dictate when and how transactions are validated/invalidated/neither, transactions are approved and other details about how the network communicates data and the like. In some embodiments, the rules dictate that an originating node (i.e., a node associated with an issuing bank) must approve all transactions associated with cards issued from the issuing bank. In some embodiments, the rules dictate that some or all transactions may be approved by one or more validator nodes without further input from the originating node. In some such cases, the rules dictate that the issuing bank, when initiating use blockchain for transaction validation and/or settlement places additional information that is useful in determining whether transactions associated with the issuing bank should be approved. In other embodiments, the validating node must reach out to the originating node in certain situations as dictated by the rules. For example, if the transaction must be validated by multiple nodes, then the rules may dictate that the validating node communicate with the originating node to confirm or deny validation of the transaction.
In some embodiments, the validator may approve the transaction without communicating with the originating node. In such a case, the validator (or a group or all of validators if multiple or universal validations, respectively, are required by the rules), can approve the transaction based solely on the information contained in the blockchain. Thus, if a transaction is requested and a validator receives the transaction, it can check the transaction's against its ledger to determine whether an originating node has validated the transaction. If so, then the validator may approve the transaction. In this regard, the transaction may be approved very quickly, and in some cases, in real-time or near real-time.
In various embodiments, any of the nodes 610 may be a validator or a miner that validates transactions. In some embodiments, a number of the nodes 610 must validate a transaction in order for the transaction to be approved. For example, in one embodiment, three nodes 610 must validate the authenticity of the transaction and/or one or more characteristics associated with the transaction before the transaction may be approved. As noted above, in some instances, the rules of the blockchain and/or rules specific to particular originating FIs or validators dictate that validators cannot approve transactions without confirming available funds. In some cases, available funds information is already associated with alias mapping on the public blockchain, but in other cases, the validator must communicate with the originating FI in order to request approval of the transaction.
In some embodiments logic and/or rules may only be changed by the originating node (maintained by an originating entity or entities, e.g., an issuing bank) to ensure the validity of a transaction. In some cases, particularly in cases where one or more nodes have raised a concern that a transaction is not valid, the originating node may be contacted for verification of the transaction.
In various embodiments, the transaction record is stored and considered from one or more systems and is not placed on the public block chain itself. In some embodiments, the transaction record is only stored and executed from a subset of the nodes of the block chain, which, in some embodiments, are synonymous with validator nodes and in other embodiments are not synonymous with the validator nodes. In some embodiments, placeholder(s) for the transaction record, portions of the transaction record and/or pseudo-transactions indicating that the transaction record exists and is accessible from block chain may be placed on the block chain. In some cases, the transaction record may be considered only by the designated one or more systems. Such systems may utilize a key or other security mechanism(s) in order to ensure only certain nodes are allowed access to the transaction record. In some cases, this configuration may result in additional security than placing the transaction record on the block chain for any node to consider.
In various embodiments, a transaction record/request placed on the blockchain initiates execution of the transaction validation logic/rules and, once a predetermined threshold number of nodes have agreed that the transaction validation has been satisfied, then the transaction proceeds for further processing, i.e., the transaction may be approved and, subsequently, settled.
In various embodiments, a user has an alias that is mapped to multiple payment accounts and/or multiple aliases are mapped to the user and one or more accounts. Each alias and/or payment account mapped to an alias may be restricted to particular categories or goods/services for purchases to made using the alias/account. Another use case is for escrow accounts, whereby moneys may be segregated as necessary for the transaction.
In some embodiments, depending on the level of authentication provided by the user, as discussed further below, the level of access can vary. Typically, the user may be required to authenticate identity for access to an application or device as described herein. Likewise one or more nodes, administrators or users of the blockchain or other entities interacting with or using the blockchain may be required to authenticate their identity for access to a particular feature, function or action of an application, device, a smart contract and/or general or specific access to the blockchain network. Numerous types and levels of user authentication exist. For example, a user may authenticate his or her identity using a unique alias such as a username and/or password. Further, in some situations, challenge questions, familiar pictures and/or phrases, biometrics, key fob-based alphanumeric codes and/or collocation, authentication of another application such as a similar application or an “overarching” application, and/or the like may be used as types of identity authentication.
The different types of authentication may provide differing degrees of confidence regarding the authentication using such types. For example, if a username by itself is used for a first user authentication, and a username along with a password is used for a second authentication, then the second authentication should provide a higher confidence regarding the authentication because of the additional layer of authentication required. Further, within the types of authentication, varying levels of confidence may be used. For example, when using a password, an administrator may require users to create a password according to strict rules designed to increase the security level of the password, and therefore increase the confidence of any authentication using the password.
Accordingly, a continuum of authentication may be used to quantify (or dictate) the levels of authentication. Likewise, a continuum of functions permitted may be used to quantify (or dictate) the number or context in which functions are permitted.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring now to
In some embodiments, one or both the continua 1100B and 1100A may have weighted scales such that, as a point on the continuum is moved, the corresponding functions permitted and/or level of authentication required may change exponentially or otherwise. Furthermore, in various embodiments, other representations of the various functions permitted that correspond with the various levels of authentication may be used by the invention.
Referring now to
In some embodiments of the invention one or more of the systems described herein may be combined with each other, or otherwise perform the functions of the other systems described herein. In other embodiments of the invention one or more of the applications described herein may be combined with each other, or otherwise perform the functions of the other applications described herein. Furthermore, the applications may be any type of application, such as an application stored on a desktop, server, or other device, a mobile application stored on a mobile device, a cloud application, or other like application. As such, the applications described herein, or portions of the applications described herein may be stored and operated on any of the systems or devices 50 described herein. For example, a portion of the link application 17 may be stored on the user computer systems 20, or may be included as a portion of financial institution applications, such as an online banking application, in order to achieve the inventions described herein.
It should be understood, that the systems and devices 50 described in
Moreover, it should be understood that the process flows described herein include transforming the information sent and/or received from the applications of the different systems (e.g., internally or externally) and/or the devices 50 from one or more data formats into a data format associated with the link application 17 for display to the user 4 on the user computer systems 20. There are many ways in which information is converted within the linked system environment 1. This may be seamless, as in the case of upgrading to a newer version of a computer program. Alternatively, the conversion may require processing by the use of a special conversion program, or it may involve a complex process of going through intermediary stages, or involving complex “exporting” and “importing” procedures, which may converting to and from a tab-delimited or comma-separated text file. In some cases, a program may recognize several data file formats at the data input stage and then is also capable of storing the output data in a number of different formats. Such a program may be used to convert a file format. If the source format or target format is not recognized, then at times a third program may be available which permits the conversion to an intermediate format, which can then be reformatted.
As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the present invention may be embodied as a method (including, for example, a computer-implemented process, a business process, and/or any other process), apparatus (including, for example, a system, machine, device, computer program product, and/or the like), or a combination of the foregoing. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.), or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may generally be referred to herein as a “system.” Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention may take the form of a computer program product on a computer-readable medium having computer-executable program code embodied in the medium.
Any suitable transitory or non-transitory computer readable medium may be utilized. The computer readable medium may be, for example but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples of the computer readable medium include, but are not limited to, the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires; a tangible storage medium such as a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), or other optical or magnetic storage device.
In the context of this document, a computer readable medium may be any medium that can contain, store, communicate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The computer usable program code may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to the Internet, wireline, optical fiber cable, radio frequency (RF) signals, or other mediums.
Computer-executable program code for carrying out operations of embodiments of the present invention may be written in an object oriented, scripted or unscripted programming language such as Java, Perl, Smalltalk, C++, or the like. However, the computer program code for carrying out operations of embodiments of the present invention may also be written in conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages.
Embodiments of the present invention are described above with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and/or combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer-executable program code portions. These computer-executable program code portions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a particular machine, such that the code portions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create mechanisms for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer-executable program code portions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the code portions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction mechanisms which implement the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block(s).
The computer-executable program code may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the code portions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block(s). Alternatively, computer program implemented steps or acts may be combined with operator or human implemented steps or acts in order to carry out an embodiment of the invention.
As the phrase is used herein, a processor may be “configured to” perform a certain function in a variety of ways, including, for example, by having one or more general-purpose circuits perform the function by executing particular computer-executable program code embodied in computer-readable medium, and/or by having one or more application-specific circuits perform the function.
Embodiments of the present invention are described above with reference to flowcharts and/or block diagrams. It will be understood that steps of the processes described herein may be performed in orders different than those illustrated in the flowcharts. In other words, the processes represented by the blocks of a flowchart may, in some embodiments, be in performed in an order other that the order illustrated, may be combined or divided, or may be performed simultaneously. It will also be understood that the blocks of the block diagrams illustrated, in some embodiments, merely conceptual delineations between systems and one or more of the systems illustrated by a block in the block diagrams may be combined or share hardware and/or software with another one or more of the systems illustrated by a block in the block diagrams. Likewise, a device, system, apparatus, and/or the like may be made up of one or more devices, systems, apparatuses, and/or the like. For example, where a processor is illustrated or described herein, the processor may be made up of a plurality of microprocessors or other processing devices which may or may not be coupled to one another. Likewise, where a memory is illustrated or described herein, the memory may be made up of a plurality of memory devices which may or may not be coupled to one another.
While certain exemplary embodiments have been described and shown in the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that such embodiments are merely illustrative of, and not restrictive on, the broad invention, and that this invention not be limited to the specific constructions and arrangements shown and described, since various other changes, combinations, omissions, modifications and substitutions, in addition to those set forth in the above paragraphs, are possible. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various adaptations and modifications of the just described embodiments can be configured without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Therefore, it is to be understood that, within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced other than as specifically described herein.
To supplement the present disclosure, this application further incorporates entirely by reference the following commonly assigned patent applications:
