Patent Application
20120150387
The present disclosure relates generally to the field of biological and physiological signal monitoring. Biological or physiological parameters, measures or data are generated by biological activity of a person's body and may include, for example, heart rate or breathing rate. The biological measures may be used to monitor a person and determine if the person is alert. For example, in a vehicle, the biological measures may be used to determine the driver's performance and maintain the performance within an optimal range. Biological measures may indicate driver stress, stimulation, fatigue, or relaxation, which can increase the likelihood that the driver may make an error, experience a reduction in safe driving performance, etc.
Current camera-based systems are capable of performing optical monitoring of a human's face, for example, to obtain biological or physiological signals. However, optical monitoring may be more difficult or inaccurate in low ambient light conditions, such as in vehicles during certain driving conditions. Certain driving conditions reduce the amount of ambient light in the vehicle leading to a smaller signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the biological measures. What is needed are systems and methods to allow a camera-based system located in a vehicle, along with other vehicle systems such as lighting systems and various sensors, to obtain the accurate biological measures needed to monitor the driver's performance using optical techniques.
According to a disclosed embodiment, a system for monitoring a vehicle driver is provided. The system is configured to receive and improve the quality of image data used to determine the condition of a vehicle driver are disclosed herein. According to one embodiment, the system includes a camera positioned to detect image data of the vehicle driver, a lighting system positioned to illuminate an interior of the vehicle, and a controller configured to receive the detected image data and to make a determination of the quality of the image data, alter the lighting system based on the determined image data quality, and determine a condition of the driver based on the received image data.
Furthermore, the system may include a camera positioned to detect image data of the vehicle driver, a lighting system located in the interior of the vehicle, and a controller configured to receive the detected image data and to make a determination of the quality of the image data, receive input from non-image sensors, and determine a condition of the driver based both the image data of the vehicle driver and the input from the non-image sensors.
These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, and the accompanying exemplary embodiments shown in the drawings, which are briefly described below.
Generally described herein are figures, systems and methods for using a system controller to monitor biological measures of a vehicle driver. Referring to
The system controller 200 and camera 210 may further include or be coupled to a lighting system 206 for adjusting the lighting level of a portion of the driver's body 12. The lighting system 206 may include the lighting system of the vehicle with light sources positioned throughout the vehicle. The lighting system may also include lights associated with the camera 210 coupled to the system controller 200 or supplemental light sources other than the vehicle lighting system. For example, if the ambient light level is low in the vehicle, the system controller 200 may determine that additional lighting should be provided and the lighting system may be configured to provide additional light such that the camera 210 may more accurately obtain the biological measures for the system controller. The system controller may further be coupled or operatively connected to additional sensors 208 such as, infrared sensors, light sensors, as well as non-image sensors, such as pressure sensors, for example. The camera 210 may include an infrared detector and multiple frequency detection capabilities through the use of an optical filter.
The additional sensors 208 may be used to measure the biological condition of the driver, and the system controller 200 may use inputs from both the non-image sensors 208 and the camera 210 to more accurately measure the biological condition when image data from the camera 210 is of a poor quality. In addition some of the signals from non-image sensors 208 may have varying degrees of reliability. For example, some signals may have low SNR because of signal disturbances such as vibration and proximity to the person being sensed, for example. Therefore, the system controller 200 may receive both image signals from a camera 210 and non-image signals from additional sensing units 208 and correlate the signals through blind source separation or other correlation techniques. Further, the system controller 200 and camera 210 may be configured to only measure specific frequencies that contain stronger biological information of interest through optical filtering techniques. Additionally, filtering the light detected by the camera 210 may reduce or remove the noise present in the signal obtained by the camera 210. It should be understood that any combination of systems described herein may be used by the system controller 200 to obtain and use the biological measures.
Referring now to
The vehicle 10 may further include light sources that may provide additional lighting for the system controller. The additional lighting may allow for the camera 30 and/or 32, for example, to more easily obtain biological measures from the driver 12. The light sources may be incorporated into the instrument panel display 20, the steering wheel 22, the rearview mirror 24, button lighting 26 for the vehicle heads up display, a center console 28 of the vehicle, or in another location.
The vehicle 10 may further include sensors or other devices located in vehicle 10 configured to obtain biological measures of the driver, such as non-image sensors 208. The non-image sensors 208 and other devices may include piezoelectric sensors, pressure sensors, ultrasonic transducers, electric field transducers, infrared sensors, or microphones, for example. The biological measures obtained by the non-image sensors 208 may be combined with the biological measures obtained by the camera 30 and/or 32 to improve the accuracy of the determined biological parameters. Non-image sensors may be located in the seat back 14, seat bottom 16 (e.g., pressure sensors), seat belt 18 (e.g., pressure sensors, piezoelectric sensors), steering wheel 22 of the (e.g., an infrared sensor or light sensor pointing towards the driver 12), or elsewhere in the vehicle 10, for example. A system controller 40 may be in the vehicle 10 and may be coupled to the various cameras 30 and/or 32, non-image sensors 208, or various other vehicle components. The system controller 40 may transmit signals to the various vehicle components and provide a warning, alert, or other output to vehicle components based on the received signals.
Referring now to
The system controller 200 may provide an output signal to the vehicle ECU relating to the operation of the vehicle. The system controller 200 may provide an output signal comprising instructions to the vehicle ECU. For example, the system controller 200 may instruct the vehicle ECU 204 to stop the vehicle if the system controller 200 determines a condition of the driver is prohibiting the driver from properly operating the vehicle. The system controller 200 may provide an output signal that causes one or multiple vehicle components 204 to provide suggestions or warnings to the driver 12. Additionally, system controller 200 may transmit an output signal that causes or directs altering of the operation of the vehicle 10.
The system controller 200 may provide information to the lighting system 206 of the vehicle. The lighting system 206 may adjust the lighting inside the vehicle as a result of a command from the system controller 200. For example, if the system controller 200 determines that a camera 210 needs more light, the intensity of light from the light sources of lighting system 206 may be increased. The direction of the light source may also be adjusted to illuminate (or dim) the appropriate portion of the driver's body. The system controller 200 may have a predetermined threshold stored in memory to determine if the ambient light detected in the vehicle is sufficient for producing image data of the driver 12. The system controller 200 may provide information to a microphone or sound system 208 of the vehicle. The sound system 208 may provide an audible warning of the condition of the driver to the driver or other occupants of the vehicle. The system controller 200 is further coupled to a camera 210 for obtaining biological measures. The system controller 200 may further be coupled to vehicle components 204 relating to the operation of the vehicle, and may provide output signals to those components 204 based on a condition signal associated with a biological or physiological condition of a vehicle driver based on the image data. As an example, the condition signal may be a measure of the heart rate or the breathing rate of the vehicle occupant 12.
Referring now to
The lighting module 304 may determine and/or set the light frequency of the additional light provided. Some light frequencies allow for greater detection of biological measures than other light frequencies. In particular, detection of a cardiovascular pulse wave through plethysmographics techniques by the camera 302 may be enhanced when using frequencies corresponding to yellow/green visible light at about 520-585 nanometers (nm). However, projecting significant light at this frequency on the face of the driver may impede the driver in low ambient light conditions. Hemoglobin is known to have a higher absorption at frequencies around 400 nm, the transition from visible to ultraviolet light, where the human eye is less sensitive to light. Therefore, a supplemental light source provided at this frequency is more desirable as the light is less noticeable by the driver. Light sources may be incorporated in various locations within the vehicle such as the instrument panel display, center stack display, steering wheel lighting, button lighting, or on a camera 302. The light frequencies may be pulsed at a reduced duty cycle such that camera 302 shutter may be synchronized with the pulses. In such cases, a lower overall light intensity is projected onto the driver's face while keeping the SNR of image data detected at the camera 302 high.
Furthermore, face and eye tracking performed by the camera 302 may be used to collimate and/or direct a supplemental light source within lighting system 310 towards the driver's face in a direction or pattern to reduce projection of visible light into the eyes of the driver. The lighting system 310 and the camera 302 may also be directed towards the driver's hands or other exposed skin in order to avoid directing the light towards the driver's eyes.
The signal correlation module 306 receives a signal from the camera 302 and signal is configured to analyze the signals. For example, the signal correlation module 306 may receive the signals and use filtering to separate noise from the signal.
The system controller 300 further includes a driver alert module 308. Driver alert module 308 may receive and analyze data from the lighting module 304 and/or signal correlation module 306. The driver alert module 308 may determine, based on the heart rate, breathing rate, or another metric of the biological state of the driver, that the driver is incapable or at risk of not operating the vehicle properly. The driver alert module 306 may provide an output signal containing a message to a vehicle component 204 or a haptic warning device relating to the determination.
The processor 322 and memory 324 may be used to carry out processes described herein. The processor 322 may be a general purpose processor, an ASIC, or another suitable processor configured to execute computer code or instructions stored in memory 324. The memory 324 may be hard disk memory, flash memory, network storage, RAM, ROM, a combination of computer-readable media, or any other suitable memory for storing software objects and/or computer instructions. When the processor 322 executes instructions stored in memory 324 for completing the various activities described herein, the processor 322 generally configures system controller 300 to complete such activities. The processor 322 may be coupled to the various modules of the system controller 300 or include the various modules of the system 300, such as, for example, a driver alert module 306. The modules may be software or hardware and may be analog or digital. Each module may further include an additional processor similar to the processor 322. In such embodiments, the processor 322 may be omitted.
Referring also to
Referring now to
Referring now to
The signals from the camera 302 may be correlated with the signals from the various sensors 602 such as non-image sensors that non-intrusively detect the biological measures of interest. Each individual biological measure detected by the sensors may have an inherent weaknesses such as a low SNR during mechanical vibration, low SNR under electric field bombardment, or low SNR when the distance from the sensor to the driver increases, for example. However, when the signals are correlated with low SNR signals from other sensors, transducers, and the camera 302 by signal correlation module 306, an improved indicator of the physiological condition for the driver may be derived by the signal correlation module 306 and provided to the driver alert module 308.
The sensors 602 may include one or more piezoelectric sensors 610. The piezoelectric sensors 610 may be located in the vehicle and coupled to the system controller 600. The piezoelectric sensors 610 may be located in the seat 14, 16, the seatbelt 18, or the steering wheel 22 of the vehicle 10 and may measure the dynamic pressure or force applied by the driver 12 of the vehicle 10 to the seat 14, 16, seatbelt 18, steering wheel 22, or another portion of the vehicle 10 the driver 12 is in contact with.
The sensors 602 may include one or more pressure sensors 612. The pressure sensors 612 may be located in the vehicle and be coupled to the system controller 600. The pressure or force sensors 612 may be located in the seat 14, 16, the seatbelt 18, or the steering wheel 22 of the vehicle. The pressure sensors 612 may include air/fluid bladders, pressure sensitive inks, force sensitive resistors, or strain gages, and provides the system controller 600 with a signal relating to the pressure applied by the driver 12 of the vehicle 10 to the seat 14, 16, seatbelt 18, steering wheel rim 22, or another portion of the vehicle 10 the driver 12 is in contact with.
The sensors 602 may include ultrasonic transducers 614. The ultrasonic transducers 614 may be located in the vehicle and provide the system controller 600 with signals relating to high frequency sound waves that have reflected from the driver's body and/or clothes. The ultrasonic transducers 614 may be located in the seatbelt 18, the instrument panel 20, the steering wheel 22, or another area of the vehicle 10. Capacitively coupled electric field transducers 616 may be located in the seat 14, 16, the seatbelt 18, the steering wheel 22, or another area of the vehicle 10 and provide the system controller 600 with signals regarding the electric field.
The sensors 602 may include infrared sensors 618. The infrared sensors 618 or photodiodes may be included in the vehicle 10, for example, in the dashboard 20 or steering wheel 22 and may be pointed towards the driver 12's face or hands. The infrared sensors 618 measure infrared light naturally radiating from the driver 12 or reflected from the driver 12 by a supplemental or natural infrared light source and provide the system controller 600 with signals relating to the measured dynamic infrared light intensity. More generally, light sensors 620 may also be included in the vehicle 10 (e.g., in the steering wheel or dashboard of the vehicle) and may be pointed towards the driver 12's face or hands. The light sensors 620 detect light and light changes and provides the system controller 600 with signals relating to the light changes. The light sensors 620 are supplemented by a mostly non-visible light source. Furthermore, light sensors 620 and infrared sensors 618, and any of the sensors 602 may be associated with lighting system 206, non-image sensors 208, vehicle components 204, or camera 210 depending on a desired implementation.
The sensors 602 may include microphones 622 for detecting sound and providing the system controller 600 with signals relating to sounds made by the driver 12. The microphones 622 may be located in the seat 14, 16, the seatbelt 18, the steering wheel 22, or otherwise.
The system controller 600 is shown to include one or more band-pass filter 624 for detecting multiple light frequencies. The band-pass filters 624 may be applied to the image signals provided by the camera 302 or subsets of pixels from the images from camera 302.
The signal correlation module 306 may receive the various signals from the sensors and transducers 602 and from the camera 302. The biological parameter of interest may be identified by the signal correlation module 306 using various correlation techniques. For example, blind source separation (BSS) may be used to separate and identify the relevant biological measures. For physiological parameters such as heart rate and breathing rate, some signal separation from noise may be achieved by band-pass filtering (e.g., by the band-pass filter 624), because an expected frequency range for the signals is known. However, there is frequency overlap from noise sources that cannot be removed by conventional hardware/software filtering. Thus, BSS techniques may be used including principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), or sparse component analysis (SCA). The driver alert module 308 may use the signal from the signal correlation module 306 and determine if an alert or another change in the operation of the vehicle should be made in response to the current condition of the driver. After BSS techniques are applied, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) techniques may be applied to process the signals further to extract frequency based biometrics such as breathing rate and respiration rate.
Referring also to
Although the system controller is illustrated as including multiple features utilized in conjunction with one another, the system may alternatively utilize more or less than all of the noted mechanisms or features. For example, in other exemplary embodiments, there may be more or fewer than the illustrated sensors, various modules of the embodiments of
Although specific shapes and locations of each element have been set forth in the drawings, each element may be of any other shape or location that facilitates the function to be performed by that element. For example, the cameras and light sources have been shown in particular vehicle locations; however, in other exemplary embodiments the sensing elements may be located anywhere in the vehicle.
For purposes of this disclosure, the term “coupled” means the joining of two components (electrical, mechanical, or magnetic) directly or indirectly to one another. Such joining may be stationary in nature or movable in nature. Such joining may be achieved with the two components (electrical or mechanical) and any additional intermediate members being integrally defined as a single unitary body with one another or with the two components or the two components and any additional member being attached to one another. Such joining may be permanent in nature or alternatively may be removable or releasable in nature.
The present disclosure has been described with reference to example embodiments, however persons skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosed subject matter. For example, although different example embodiments may have been described as including one or more features providing one or more benefits, it is contemplated that the described features may be interchanged with one another or alternatively be combined with one another in the described example embodiments or in other alternative embodiments. Because the technology of the present disclosure is relatively complex, not all changes in the technology are foreseeable. The present disclosure described with reference to the exemplary embodiments is manifestly intended to be as broad as possible. For example, unless specifically otherwise noted, the exemplary embodiments reciting a single particular element also encompass a plurality of such particular elements.
Exemplary embodiments may include program products comprising computer or machine-readable media for carrying or having machine-executable instructions or data structures stored thereon. For example, the system controller may be computer driven. Exemplary embodiments illustrated in the methods of the figures may be controlled by program products comprising computer or machine-readable media for carrying or having machine-executable instructions or data structures stored thereon. Such computer or machine-readable media can be any available media which can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer or other machine with a processor. By way of example, such computer or machine-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of machine-executable instructions or data structures and which can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer or other machine with a processor. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer or machine-readable media. Computer or machine-executable instructions comprise, for example, instructions and data which cause a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or special purpose processing machines to perform a certain function or group of functions. Software implementations of the present invention could be accomplished with standard programming techniques with rule based logic and other logic to accomplish the various connection steps, processing steps, comparison steps and decision steps.
It is also important to note that the construction and arrangement of the elements of the system as shown in the preferred and other exemplary embodiments is illustrative only. Although only a certain number of embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art who review this disclosure will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter recited. For example, elements shown as integrally formed may be constructed of multiple parts or elements shown as multiple parts may be integrally formed, the operation of the assemblies may be reversed or otherwise varied, the length or width of the structures and/or members or connectors or other elements of the system may be varied, the nature or number of adjustment or attachment positions provided between the elements may be varied. It should be noted that the elements and/or assemblies of the system may be constructed from any of a wide variety of materials that provide sufficient strength or durability. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the preferred and other exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present subject matter.
This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/422,116 filed Dec. 10, 2010. The foregoing provisional application is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61422116 | Dec 2010 | US |
