Patent Application
20080135057
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to European Application No. 06405497.6, filed Nov. 23, 2006, the entire content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to a system for producing expanded tobacco.
Various processes and systems for producing expanded tobacco are known in the art. Typically, the tobacco is treated before expansion, either only with water or with additional chemical solvents, for example liquid or gaseous carbon dioxide, nitrogen or iso-pentane or other suitable solvents in gaseous or liquid form. Typical expansion rates of tobacco treated only with water are in the range of from about 5 percent to about 15 percent. Typical expansion rates of tobacco treated with additional chemical solvents may be in the range of from about 80 percent to about 120 percent.
The systems for expanding tobacco known in the art comprise a supply unit of tobacco, an expansion apparatus and a feed unit that feeds the tobacco from the supply unit into the expansion apparatus. The supply unit may comprise a treatment unit where the tobacco is treated to prepare the tobacco for expansion. These systems are for example known from U.S. Pat. No. 4,340,073 or U.S. Pat. No. 4,407,306. Once a system to expand tobacco is set up, the process of treating and expanding tobacco is fixed within narrow boundaries. The tobacco expansion apparatus can thus only expand tobacco which has been treated by the pre-selected specific process. Therefore the systems to expand tobacco are currently not flexible.
The present invention provides a system for producing expanded tobacco comprising at least a first tobacco supply unit for providing tobacco containing at least one suitable chemical solvent other than water to prepare the tobacco for expansion and at least a second tobacco supply unit for providing tobacco containing only water as a solvent to prepare the tobacco for expansion. The system for producing expanded tobacco further comprises a tobacco expansion apparatus and at least one feed unit. The feed unit is configured to introduce the tobacco into the tobacco expansion apparatus from the at least first tobacco supply unit or the at least second tobacco supply unit. Additionally, the feed unit may feed tobacco simultaneously from the first or the second supply unit.
The term “tobacco” is used throughout the specification to encompass all parts of any tobacco plant, treated or untreated, that are expandable. In particular, the term tobacco refers to cut or shredded tobacco. It is also meant to include other parts of the tobacco plant, for example stems or pre-treated tobacco, for example flavoured cut tobacco.
The term “chemical expansion” is used throughout the specification to refer to any process of expanding tobacco containing an additional suitable chemical solvent other than water to prepare the tobacco for expansion.
The term “tower drying” is used throughout the specification to refer to any process of expanding tobacco containing only water as a solvent to prepare the tobacco for expansion.
The term “chemical solvent” is used throughout the specification to refer to any substance which is suitable to enhance the expansion of the tobacco inside the tobacco expanding apparatus, for example liquid or gaseous carbon dioxide, nitrogen or iso-pentane or other suitable solvents in gaseous or liquid form.
In an alternative embodiment of the system according to the invention the system comprises at least two feed units. Each feed unit is configured to feed tobacco from either one of the supply units to the tobacco expansion apparatus. For this purpose the tobacco expansion apparatus has two separate entries for the introduction of the tobacco.
In a further embodiment of the system according to the invention, more than two feed units are used to feed the tobacco from more than two supply units into the tobacco expansion apparatus at one or several locations. Preferably some of the supply units contain tobacco which has been treated by a different treatment process.
Accordingly, the same system according to the invention allows the expansion of tobacco that has been treated in different ways to facilitate expansion, that is, tobacco treated with water as a solvent and tobacco treated with at least an additional chemical solvent. The expansion apparatus is then operated with process parameters suited to the specific type of pre-treatment of the tobacco. In addition, the system allows combinations of both types of processes to be performed. Accordingly, substantial investments can be saved, since the system can be used for both types of processes, requiring only one tobacco expansion apparatus.
Accordingly, products which are produced using chemical expansion can be produced in the same system as products which are produced using tower drying. This allows using production capacities for chemical expansion systems which may otherwise be unused. The same holds for production capacities for tower drying.
It is also possible to upgrade either an existing chemical expansion system or an existing tower drying system with an additional supply unit of the other type at a considerable lower cost than a complete new installation would require.
Also, since it is possible to combine tower drying and chemical expansion in one system it is now possible to produce tobacco blends which are typically produced using chemical expansion technology at final moisture levels in the range of from about 8 percent to about 15 percent without the need of subsequent remoistening. This process step of remoistening, which is common in tobacco expansion, is often referred to in the art as “reordering”. Expanded tobacco which has been produced using chemical expansion typically has a moisture content in the range of from about 2 percent to about 5 percent when leaving the tobacco expansion apparatus. This is considered as too low for further processing. Therefore, up to now in a subsequent reordering step the expanded tobacco has been moisturized to achieve a moisture content of typically about 11 percent. Nonetheless, with the system according to the invention also expanded tobacco with a moisture level between about 2 percent to about 8 percent may be produced, requiring partial reordering afterwards.
On the other hand it is possible with the system according to the invention to produce a superior quality of expanded tobacco in terms of expansion rate of a water solvent expanded product by lowering the moisture of the tobacco leaving the tobacco expansion apparatus below typical tower dryer conditions. For example moisture levels in the range from about 2 percent to about 15 percent may be achieved. The tobacco pre-treated with water for expansion may be exposed to the process parameters normally used for chemical expansion of tobacco. This results in a greater expansion rate and a reduced moisture level compared to conventional tower drying.
An additional advantage of the system according to the invention is that the combination of the chemical expansion with the tower drying reduces the fire risk in the tobacco expansion apparatus. The fire risk is reduced when the conditions of tower drying heat treatment are applied for chemical expansion, as the tower drying process runs at a lower temperature as the chemical expansion.
Optionally, in a preferred embodiment of the system the tobacco expansion apparatus comprises an expansion tower dryer.
Also, optionally, in a preferred system according to the invention the apparatus for providing the tobacco treated for expansion with at least one chemical solvent other than water comprises an impregnator where the tobacco is exposed to the chemical solvent, for example carbon dioxide. In the impregnator, the tobacco is exposed to liquid carbon dioxide, so that the tobacco is soaked. Alternatively, the chemical solvent to which the tobacco is exposed in the impregnator is gaseous carbon dioxide. This is possible for tobacco that has been cooled to a temperature below the temperature of the pressurized gaseous carbon dioxide which is at or near saturation. Then controlled condensation of carbon dioxide on the tobacco occurs and the tobacco gets soaked.
In a further embodiment of the system according to the invention, the apparatus for providing the tobacco containing water as a solvent comprises a silo for storing the tobacco. The silo has an outlet and a detangling unit for detangling the shreds of tobacco is arranged in the silo. Usually the silos for the tobacco are equipped with large slow moving doffers to feed tobacco from the entire height of the silo to the outlet of the silo. Depending on the moisture content of tobacco, tobacco may tend to form pads and clumps at the exit of the storage silos. The higher the moisture content, the more the tobacco tends to form pads and clumps. Such pads and clumps may have an adverse effect on tower drying systems, since they may cause blockage at the feed unit where the tobacco is introduced into the stream of process gas, for example superheated steam. As a consequence, this may lead to non-uniform heat treatment which may adversely affect the quality of the expanded tobacco.
While it is known to provide a detangling unit with a small number of doffers, for example two to five doffers between the outlet of a silo and the tobacco expansion apparatus, this separate detangling unit requires additional space. Also, due to the small number of doffers and the short residence time of the tobacco in the detangling unit, these doffers have to rotate with a comparatively high speed, for example with a speed of 100 rotations per minute and more. Accordingly, the tobacco is subjected to substantial mechanical stress which may result in substantial tobacco degradation.
Advantageously, in the system according to the invention the detangling unit comprise a plurality of slowly rotating short doffers which are arranged essentially over the entire width and height of the silo. Due to the larger number of doffers a high speed for detangling is not required and thus, the tobacco is slowly detangled and degradation of the tobacco is significantly reduced. Also, the detangling is performed in the silo thus eliminating the need for any additional space.
Further advantageous aspects of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention with the aid of the drawings, in which:
a is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a system for producing expanded tobacco in accordance with the invention,
b is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a system for producing expanded tobacco in accordance with the invention, and
a shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a system for producing expanded tobacco according to the invention. The shown embodiment of the system comprises a feed unit 10 for introducing tobacco into a tobacco expansion apparatus comprising a tower dryer 20. The tower dryer 20 is connected to a conduit 21 through which a stream of process gas flows during operation. The process gas may be, for example, hot air or superheated steam. The upper end of the tower dryer 20 opens out into a tangential separator 22. Alternatively, a cyclone may be used to separate the expanded tobacco from the process gas. During operation the stream of process gas carrying the tobacco is separated from the tobacco in the tangential separator. The tobacco discharges at the bottom of the tangential separator 22. The process gas is further processed, for example cleaned and reheated, and then reintroduced into the conduit 21.
A first supply unit 30 for providing the treated tobacco comprises a silo 40, an impregnator 31 and a vibrating silo 33. The clump breaker 32 is optional and typically used only for a liquid carbon dioxide impregnation of the tobacco.
A second supply unit 35 for providing the tobacco containing water as a solvent comprises a silo 40 in which a detangling unit 400 is arranged. Both supply units 30, 35 may share the same silo 40. Alternatively, different silos 40 may be provided for tobacco to be expanded using chemical expansion and for tobacco to be expanded using tower drying. This may be especially useful since the moisture content of the tobacco to be expanded using chemical expansion typically is different from the moisture content of the tobacco to be expanded using tower drying. On the other hand, the moisture content of the tobacco from any one of the supply units 30, 35 may be changed after leaving the silo 40, as well.
The detangling unit 400 arranged in the silo 40 is schematically represented in
The feed unit 10 comprises means to advance the tobacco to the entry section 210 of the conduit 21 of the tobacco expansion apparatus 20.
The tobacco is introduced into the stream of hot air at the entry section 210 of the conduit 21. A stream 23 of hot air loaded with tobacco then flows through the tower 20 and discharges into the tangential separator 22. The entry section 210 may include a rotary valve and a Venturi type nozzle.
In an alternative embodiment shown in
The described embodiment of the system according to the invention works essentially as follows for chemical expansion. In the first supply unit 30 tobacco is introduced from the silo 40 into the impregnator 31. The impregnator 31 is then closed and purged with gaseous carbon dioxide to remove the air from the impregnator 31. The impregnator 31 is then pressurized for example at 30 bar, at the same time cooling the tobacco to about minus 10 degrees Celsius. Then the tobacco is soaked by liquid carbon dioxide. When the impregnator 31 is depressurized carbon dioxide hydrates are formed which act as a puffing agent of the tobacco. The depressurization cools the tobacco to about minus 80 degrees Celsius. Excessive carbon dioxide that has remained in the impregnator 31 upon depressurization forms dry ice. For this reason tobacco expanded by this process is sometimes referred to as dried ice expanded tobacco.
The thus treated tobacco leaves the impregnator 31 and enters the clump breaker 32 to break any clumps that may have formed. The tobacco then enters the vibrating silo 33 to achieve an essentially continuous flow of tobacco towards the first feed unit 10. In an alternative method tobacco is treated by gaseous carbon dioxide instead of liquid carbon dioxide. In this method no clumps are formed and accordingly the clump breaker 32 is not necessary.
The impregnated tobacco is now introduced into a stream of hot air flowing through the conduit 21, for example at the entry section 210 of conduit 21. To produce a negative pressure at the entry section 210 of the conduit a Venturi nozzle may be used. This avoids expansion of the treated tobacco before the tobacco expansion apparatus 20.
The hot air which is typically at a temperature in the range of from 300 degrees Celsius to 380 degrees Celsius causes the tobacco to be expanded. The stream of hot air 23 carrying the expanded tobacco is then discharged into the tangential separator 22, at the outlet of which the expanded tobacco can be recollected.
Among the parameters that affect the expansion rate of the tobacco are the impregnation solvent, the load of the tobacco expansion apparatus, the steam concentration in the conduit 21, the process gas velocity and the temperature of the process gas.
It is also possible to perform this type of process using chemical solvents other than carbon dioxide, for example nitrogen or iso-pentane or other suitable solvents. Also, it is possible to introduce the chemical solvent to the impregnator 31 either in liquid or in gaseous form in order to soak the tobacco with the solvent.
When leaving the tobacco expansion apparatus 20 expanded tobacco which has been produced using only the afore-described chemical expansion technology typically has a moisture content which is in the range of from about 2 percent to about 5 percent. However, this moisture content is considered too low for further processing. Therefore, the expanded tobacco is typically moisturized in a subsequent reordering step (not shown in the drawings) to achieve a final moisture content for the processed tobacco of typically about 11 percent.
In the tower drying process the tobacco is removed from the silo 40 with the aid of the small doffers 401 of the detangling unit 400. Substantially pad-free and clump free tobacco is forwarded to the first feed unit 10, or, if two feed units 10, 11 are used to second feed unit 11, so that no blockage occurs at the second feed unit 11. The tobacco is then introduced into a stream of non-saturated superheated steam, which may typically have a temperature in a range of about 180 degrees Celsius to about 400 degrees Celsius, preferably between about 180 degrees Celsius to about 250 degrees Celsius. The speed of the stream of superheated steam typically may be within the speed range of from about 18 meters per second to about 25 meters per second. The moisture content of the tobacco in the silo 40 typically may be within the range of from about 20 percent to about 32 percent. The moisture content of the tobacco when recollected from the tangential separator 22 typically may be within the range of from about 11 percent to about 14 percent.
Up to today, it has not been possible to use the same system for chemical expansion and tower drying, since the respective systems were specifically designed for one type of process. Now, the combination of the two types of processes (chemical expansion and tower drying) is also possible with the system according to the invention. Furthermore it is possible, for example, to introduce tobacco treated with a chemical solvent into a stream of superheated steam. This allows producing expanded tobacco having virtually any moisture content between about 8 percent to about 15 percent without the need of subsequent complete or partial reordering of the expanded tobacco. Alternatively expanded tobacco with a moisture content between about 2 percent and about 8 percent may be produced which is then completely or partially reordered. Accordingly, the system of the invention allows producing expanded tobacco by using only tower drying, only chemical expansion, and any combinations thereof to achieve any desired final tobacco moisture contents within predetermined ranges, and corresponding expansion rates. Also, the system allows the use of capacities for one type of process which would remain otherwise unused, or it avoids additional investments in a system for the respective other type of process. Also, since the system allows combinations of the described types of processes to be performed, it may substantially reduce the fire risk when tower drying heat treatment conditions are applied to tobacco treated with a chemical solvent for the expansion.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 06405497.6 | Nov 2006 | EP | regional |
