The present invention relates to a system for defeating enemy missiles and rockets generally, and more particularly to a system of generating a non-lethal cloud of projectiles or pellets intended to collide with an enemy missile to cause premature detonation of the missile, and/or possible severe damage to the missile, and/or deflection of the missile, due to the relatively high velocity of the missile.
During the times of terrorism and war, various guided and unguided missiles have been used resulting in casualties. A system that protects structures, ground/air/sea vehicles, and the people inside them against missile attack could save the lives of military troops as well as civilians. A common unguided missile currently used is the rocket-propelled-grenade (RPG). RPGs can come in both a single and tandem warhead form. The tandem warhead has two or more stages of detonation, namely a first stage detonation designed to trigger a reactive defense and a second stage detonation designed to attack the same location as the first stage detonation location. Tandem warheads generally are much larger and more lethal than single warheads, making predetonation alone a less attractive defense strategy. Also due to different fuzing methods at the different stages, short circuiting via impact of tandem warheads may not be achievable.
Existing technologies for RPG or missile defeat systems include application of slat armor to the military vehicles. The principle of slat armor is to stop the missile before it strikes the body of the target, to crush the missile and short circuit its electric fuze, or to cause shaped charge detonation at a standoff distance, rather than directly on the body of the vehicle. Disadvantages to slat armor are that it adds significant weight to the vehicle, and sacrifices maneuverability. The standoff distance it provides in case of predetonation is too short to be of significant benefit. Other RPG or missile defeat systems launch a single or small number of projectiles toward the incoming missile. These systems require accurate sensing of the missile trajectory, accurate aim of the projectiles in order to intercept the missile, and fast reaction time to slew and fire the projectile.
Another existing strategy for RPG defeat is to deploy a commercial air bag to trap and/or crush the RPG before it strikes the vehicle. Still another is to deploy a net-shaped trap made of super high strength ballistic fiber. Both the bag and the net are claimed to defeat the RPG by crushing its ogive and rendering the fuze inoperable. Both the airbag and the net intercept the RPG at a standoff distance of up to two meters. At this standoff distance, the RPG shaped charge jet still has significant penetrating ability. Neither of these competing technologies prevents the detonation of the RPG by its built-in self-destruct mechanism, nor do they protect nearby personnel from shrapnel from the exploding RPG.
A system is disclosed for defeating enemy missiles and rockets, particularly rocket propelled grenades (RPG's). The first step is to identify the firing of a missile by the use of sensors that give the approximate distance and bearing of the incoming missile. A non-lethal cloud of projectiles or pellets is then launched from the target, which can be a building or vehicle or the like, in the general direction of the missile. The pellets are housed in a series of warhead containers mounted at locations on the target in various orientations. The warheads are triggered to fire a low velocity cloud of pellets toward the incoming missile. The pellets then collide with the missile a certain distance away from the target causing an electrical short in the missile's fuze circuit, and/or premature detonation of the missile (including possible disruption of the shaped charge pellets of the early formation of the shaped charge jet), and/or possible severe damage to the missile, and/or deflection of the missile (particularly the warhead shaped charge liner), due to the relatively high velocity of the missile.
In a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the system does not require highly accurate sensing of the incoming missile location, nor does it require slewing of a countermeasure weapon. This leads to increased potential for interception of missiles fired from very close range. The shot can be fired at non-lethal velocities, since the missile velocity will provide nearly all of the required impact energy. The present system preferably contains no high explosives or fuzes, which will lead to ease of transportability and implementation. Also, the system is preferably not lethal to people standing in the path of the shot when fired. As used herein, the concept of non-lethality is generally understood to one skilled in the art in the relevant field with reference to the US Department of Defense Directive 3000.3, which defines non-lethal weapons as weapons that are explicitly designed and primarily employed so as to incapacitate personnel or materiel, while minimizing fatalities, permanent injury to personnel, and undesired damage to property and the environment, and that are intended to have relatively reversible effects on personnel or materiel and/or affect objects differently within their area of influence. As also set forth in the US Department of Defense Directive 3000.3, non-lethal weapons shall generally not be required to have a zero probability of producing fatalities or permanent injuries, but when properly employed, should significantly reduce the probability of producing the same. There are several possible outcomes of the interaction between nonlethal pellets or projectiles with an RPG, namely a neutralization of the RPG where a short is generated in the RPG fuze circuit, or the RPG shaped charge liner gets damaged thereby degrading its lethality, or a predetonation of the RPG, or a combination of a damaged liner and a predetonation. All four outcomes are beneficial in that they reduce the resulting damage and loss of life caused by the RPG. Another aspect of predetonated RPGs is that appropriate density shot has also been demonstrated to limit the travel of shrapnel from the point of RPG detonation. The shot cloud system is relatively lightweight and easy to deploy.
This disclosure describes the best mode or modes of practicing the invention as presently contemplated. This description is not intended to be understood in a limiting sense, but provides an example of the invention presented solely for illustrative purposes by reference to the accompanying drawings to advise one of ordinary skill in the art of the advantages and construction of the invention. In the various views of the drawings, like reference characters designate like or similar parts.
The firing of the RPG 100 can be detected by various sensing means (not shown) including infrared (IR) sensors, radar and/or cameras. These sensors can be mounted on the potential target structure, which can be a vehicle or building, for determining approximate distance and bearing of the incoming RPG. Alternatively, sensors can be mounted separate from the target structure but in close proximity to the target structure if necessary. Alternatively, offsite or remote sensors could be utilized instead of, or in addition to onsite sensors, to improve the accuracy and/or tracking of the protective system of the present invention. Various sensor means could be employed as desired by the user and in accordance with appropriate field conditions.
Sensors are used to trigger warhead devices (described in more detail below) mounted on a target or an adjacent location to produce a cloud or screen of projectiles or pellets (see
In one non-limiting example, warhead containers (to be described below) with tubular cross-sections of 40 mm to 100 mm were tested, although other dimensions will be operable. The tubes were filled to various depths with projectiles or pellets, which were discharged at varying velocities. The pellets were discharged with and without the aid of a pusher plate (to be described below). The shot dispersion angle at the muzzle of the tubes was measured using a high speed camera. Results of this testing are shown in Table 1.
Statistical calculations revealed that a dispersion angle of 30° or more resulted in a shot pattern that provides a high probability of impact with an incoming RPG. The use of a pusher plate resulted in a more even dispersion pattern, although other methods to achieve this are possible. Warhead shot containers with rectangular or elliptical cross-sections may also be used. Other cross-sectional configurations are contemplated. A wide range of organic and inorganic materials, including, but not limited to, reinforced plastic, polymeric composites, aluminum and steel, can be used for the shot containers. Other materials are contemplated.
A significant amount of testing was performed, using the RPG of
As shown in
As shown in
One embodiment of a proven design of a propulsion system at the back end 415 of a warhead 400 is shown in
Another embodiment of the proven design of a propulsion system useful in the present invention is shown in the warhead tube 600 of
Another embodiment of a propulsion system useful in the present invention involves using a pneumatic assembly at the back of the warhead tube 600 comprising a pressurized cartridge and a fast acting release valve, wherein such propulsion system utilizes compressed air to propel the pellets or projectiles.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, two warheads 700 (only one being shown; see
In a preferred, non-limiting embodiment, for the RPG ogive identified in
In a further embodiment, each warhead is filled with approximately 1300 steel solid cubes 910 (
In a further embodiment, a first warhead is filled with solid cubes 910 (
In a further embodiment, two warheads are each filled with approximately 1300, ⅜ inch size cubes 920 (
As shown in
The shot is preferably fired at non-lethal velocities, since the missile velocity will provide nearly all of the required impact energy. In addition, one possible embodiment coats the penetrating projectile with a cushioning material or outer layer that would discourage rapid imparting of momentum to the RPG fuze, and would minimize harm to humans in its path. In such an embodiment, the much higher velocity of the missile ogive would shatter or rub through the protective layer, exposing the missile ogive to the projectile's penetrating surface. The present system preferably contains no high explosives or fuzes, which will lead to ease of transportability and implementation. Also, the system is preferably not lethal to people standing in the path of the shot when fired. The shot cloud system is relatively lightweight and easy to deploy. The result of the system for certain implementations is that the incoming missile will either have its fuze electrically shorted through the use of the projectile structure or a conductive substance or both and/or shaped charge damaged, or will detonate prematurely with large standoff distance before hitting its target and greatly reduce the resulting damage and loss of life.
While the present invention has been described at some length and with some particularity with respect to the several described embodiments, it is not intended that it should be limited to any such particulars or embodiments or any particular embodiment, but it is to be construed with references to the appended claims so as to provide the broadest possible interpretation of such claims in view of the prior art and, therefore, to effectively encompass the intended scope of the invention. Furthermore, the foregoing describes the invention in terms of embodiments foreseen by the inventor for which an enabling description was available, notwithstanding that insubstantial modifications of the invention, not presently foreseen, may nonetheless represent equivalents thereto.
This application (1) is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/058,003, filed Mar. 28, 2008, which claims the benefit of U.S. Application 60/908,806, filed Mar. 29, 2007, and (2) claims the benefit of U.S. Application 61/414,417, filed Nov. 16, 2010, the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The U.S. Government has a paid-up license in this invention and the right in limited circumstances to require the patent owner to license others on reasonable terms as provided for by the terms of contract No. N00014-06-C-0040 awarded by the Office of Naval Research.
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20120312149 A1 | Dec 2012 | US |
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Parent | 12058003 | Mar 2008 | US |
Child | 13297457 | US |