SYSTEM FOR REDUCING STORM RUN-OFF EROSION AND RELATED METHOD

Abstract

The invention is a system and related method to reduce erosion caused by storm runoff. Eco-friendly erosion reduction assemblies help reduce the effects of both sheet and rill erosion. The assemblies comprise a receptacle housing a perforated water velocity reduction wall embedded in media. The wall may be constructed from recycled tires and the media utilized may be from on-site materials. A series of such assemblies in an erosion zone limits erosion by reducing water velocity.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention is generally directed to controlling ground erosion and in particular to an assembly having a plurality of positioned perforated elements to reduce erosion caused by storm runoff and related methods.

BACKGROUND

Erosion is the process of weathering and transporting of solids (including sediment, soil, rock and other particles) from their natural environment and location. Such transport is caused by wind, water or ice or by down slope creep of soil and other materials under the force of gravity.

Erosion is a natural process, but its effects escalate dramatically based upon human land use—especially industrial agriculture, deforestation and urban sprawl. For example, land that is used for industrial agriculture generally experiences a significantly greater rate of erosion than land having natural vegetation. Tilled land is prone to particularly high rates of erosion due to reduced vegetation cover on the surface of the soil, perturbed soil structure, and a lack of plant roots that would otherwise hold the soil in place.

There are two primary types of water based erosion: sheet erosion and rill erosion. Sheet erosion is the detachment of soil particles by raindrop impact and their downslope removal by water flowing overland as a sheet instead of in definite channels or rills. The impact of the raindrop breaks apart the soil aggregate. Particles of clay, silt and sand fill the soil pores and reduce infiltration. After the surface pores are filled with sand, silt or clay, overland surface flow of water begins due to the lowering of infiltration rates. Once the rate of falling rain is faster than infiltration, runoff takes place. There are two stages of sheet erosion. The first is rain splash, in which soil particles are separated by raindrop impact. In the second stage, the loose particles are moved down slope by broad sheets of rapidly flowing water that is filled with sediment known as sheet floods. This stage of sheet erosion is generally produced by cloudbursts; sheet floods commonly travel short distances and last only for a short time.

Rill erosion is the process of developing small concentrated flow paths, which function as both sediment source and sediment delivery systems for erosion on hill slopes. Generally, where water erosion rates on disturbed upland areas are greatest, rills are active. Flow depths in rills are typically on the order of a few centimeters or less and slopes may be quite steep. These conditions constitute a very different hydraulic environment than typically found in channels of streams and rivers. Eroding rills evolve morphologically in time and space. The rill bed surface changes as soil erodes, which in turn alters the hydraulics of the flow. The hydraulics is the driving mechanism for the erosion process, and therefore, dynamically changing hydraulic patterns causes continual changing of erosion patterns in the rill.

Accordingly, there is a need for an eco-friendly technology that helps reduce the effects of both sheet and rill erosion, especially in areas in which human land use such as industrial agriculture, has increased the impact of such erosion. Such technology should be environmentally friendly and should preferably use recycled materials.

SUMMARY

The invention helps reduce both sheet and rill erosion caused in human land use areas, such as industrial agriculture sites. The invention comprises a system to reduce water mediated erosion of land. The system comprises a plurality of erosion reduction assemblies that are situated in a region in need of erosion reduction. Each assembly comprises aggregate filter media that is placed in a receptacle having a size and dimension to substantially surround and maintain the position of the media. Preferably, the receptacle is made from a substantially rigid mesh.

A perforated water velocity reduction wall is embedded in the media. The wall has both an exposed portion and a non-exposed portion, the non-exposed portion being that portion embedded in the media. The exposed portion comprises a substantially arcuate shape that reduces the velocity of water flowing through the perforations.

In a preferred embodiment, the water velocity reduction wall comprises a plurality of tires, recycled tires, or similar structures. These tires are preferably cut in half to form approximately “C” shaped tire portions. Each tire is fastened to a proximate tire in order to form the wall.

The invention also contemplates a method for disposing of tires and preventing water mediated erosion. The method comprises the steps of cutting tires approximately in half to create two approximately “C” shaped tire portions; placing aggregate filter media within a receptacle having a size and dimension to substantially surround and maintain the position of the media; and placing a plurality of tire halves partially within the filter media so that an upper portion of the tires protrudes from the top portion of the filter.

In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of fastening the plurality of tire halves to each other to form a continuous wall of tires.

The method also comprises the step of perforating the tires or the tire portions. The step of placing the assembly on a portion of land in an area in need of erosion reduction is also contemplated. A plurality of assemblies is placed on the portion of land in an area in need of erosion reduction, and preferably the assemblies are situated in a staggered conformation with relation to each other.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a fuller understanding of the invention, reference is made to the following detailed description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings illustrating various embodiments of the present invention, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an erosion reduction assembly;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a water flow restrictor made from a perforated tire portion;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a water flow restrictor;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a water flow restrictor wall made from a plurality of water flow restrictors illustrated in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 illustrates placement the erosion reduction assembly of FIG. 1 without the addition of media;

FIG. 6 is diagram showing a staggered configuration of a plurality of erosion reduction assemblies; and

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a side view of a plurality of erosion reduction assemblies in a used condition.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In the Summary above and in the Detailed Description of Certain Embodiments and in the accompanying drawings, reference is made to particular features (including method steps) of the invention. It is to be understood that the disclosure of the invention in this specification includes all possible combinations of such particular features. For example, where a particular feature is disclosed in the context of a particular aspect or embodiment of the invention, that feature can also be used, to the extent possible, in combination with and/or in the context of other particular aspects and embodiments of the invention, and in the invention generally.

The term “comprises” is used herein to mean that other ingredients, steps, etc. are optionally present. When reference is made herein to a method comprising two or more defined steps, the steps can be carried in any order or simultaneously (except where the context excludes that possibility), and the method can include one or more steps which are carried out before any of the defined steps, between two of the defined steps, or after all of the defined steps (except where the context excludes that possibility).

In this section, the present invention will be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.

As shown in FIG. 1 through FIG. 6, the invention is directed to an eco-friendly and biocompatible erosion reduction assembly 100. In a preferred embodiment, the erosion reduction assembly 100 is made of locally harvested items and preferably includes recycled and rededicated materials to reduce the carbon footprint. By positioning a plurality of the erosion reduction assemblies 100 throughout a tract of land which commonly suffers from sheet or rill erosion, the technology helps slow down the flow of the underlying water and thus reduces the risk of removing valuable soil and nutrients.

Erosion Reduction Assembly

As illustrated in FIG. 1, the erosion reduction assembly 100 may include a plurality of perforated arcuate water flow restrictors 200, where these flow restrictors 200 are arranged and secured to one another in parallel to form a water velocity reduction wall 300. Each velocity reduction wall 300 can be placed in a receptacle 400 that is preferably made of wire mesh or grating. Media aggregate 500 may be positioned within the receptacle 400 and within the lower portion of the flow restrictor inner cavities 210. Media aggregate 500 may also be positioned within the upper portion of the flow restrictor inner cavities 210. The aggregate 500 functions to both anchor the receptacle 400 and velocity reduction wall 300, and also creates a water and sediment filtration layer. In one embodiment, drain pipe 510 is embedded in the media for the purpose of allowing water to rapidly drain from the assembly 100. An additional mesh blanket (not shown) can be placed over or within the media 500 to offer a second filter layer.

Water Flow Restrictor

FIG. 2 illustrate an embodiment of a perforated water flow restrictor 200. FIG. 3 illustrate an alternate embodiment of a perforated water flow restrictor 201. First turning to FIG. 2, each individual flow restrictor 200 comprises an inner cavity 210, side walls 220, an outer wall 230 connecting the side walls 220, which preferably creates an essentially “C” shaped form. This, shape, however can be straight, curved, cupped, or any other shape that effectively reduces the velocity of water.

With continued reference to FIG. 2, perforations 240 are positioned on the outer wall 230 and the side walls 220 of the water flow restrictor 200. The perforations may be holes or slits. Each perforation 240 forms a conduit between the inner wall 250 and the outer wall 230 of the water flow restrictor 200 having a sufficient size and dimension to allow water passage therethrough.

Each water flow restrictor 200 is preferably made of a flexible, biodegradable material, such as a plastic or composite. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the water flow restrictor 200 can be made from approximately half a tire. Perforations 240 are added with the tire portions through drilling, sawing, or cutting operations. Perforations are not limited to round holes, but can be slits or any other contemplated size and shape of aperture. The tires used, need not be limited to automobile tires. To accommodate particular land and erosion reduction requirements, tires ranging in size go kart and bicycle tires to large equipment off the road tires are used.

FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of an alternate flow restrictor 201 made from a piece of molded material such as new or recycled plastic or composite. This alternate flow restrictor 201 comprises an inner cavity 211, side walls 221, an outer wall 231 connecting the side walls 221, creating an essentially “C” shaped form. This, shape, however can be straight, curved, cupped, or any other shape that effectively reduces the velocity of water.

With continued reference to FIG. 3, perforations 241 are positioned on the outer wall 231 and the side walls 221 of the alternate flow restrictor 201. The perforations may be holes or slits. Each perforation 241 forms a conduit between the inner wall 251 and the outer wall 231 of the alternate water flow restrictor 201 having a sufficient size and dimension to allow water passage therethrough.

Water Flow Restrictor Wall

While FIG. 2 illustrates the structure of the water flow restrictor 200, and FIG. 4 offers by way of example one embodiment of a water velocity reduction wall 300. As shown, each velocity reduction wall 300 is created by attaching a plurality of individual water flow restrictors 200, 201 together in parallel to one another. This can be accomplished through use of fasteners 310. The fasteners 310 can be plastic or metal tie wraps, metallic hardware such as nuts and bolts, pins, crimps, and any other fastening means known in the art. A plurality of fasteners 310 affix the side walls 210, 211 of adjacent water flow restrictors 200, 201 to each other. By repeating this sequence with additional water flow restrictors 200, 201 the velocity reduction wall 300 is formed.

The length of each velocity reduction wall 300 can be arranged to conform to the unique topography of the terrain. For example, for more expansive areas, a larger number of water flow restrictors 200, 201 can be used. However, the structure of the water flow restrictors 200, 201 as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, lend themselves to customization and topography-specific orientations for the velocity reduction wall 300.

The Receptacle

FIG. 1 and FIG. 5 illustrate, by way of example, one embodiment of the receptacle 400. As shown, the receptacle 400 forms a perimeter around the velocity reduction wall 300 having a substantially open top region from where the velocity reduction wall 300 protrudes. In one embodiment, the receptacle 400 has a floor region 410. The receptacle 400 can be approximately round, approximately oval, approximately square, approximately rectangular or approximately polygonal. While both FIG. 1 and FIG. 5 suggest a rectangular arrangement, the invention contemplates any shape and configuration capable of maintaining the water flow restrictor wall 300.

The receptacle 400 illustrated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 5 is textileated from any variety of materials known in the art. However, in a preferred embodiment the receptacle 400 is made of hardware cloth or steel rebar. However, the receptacle 400 can also be made of a plastic or composite material.

In one embodiment, the receptacle is lined with a textile 420 for the purpose of additional filtration of silt and sediment from the assembly 100 and reduces clogging of the assembly 100. Such textile 420 helps ensure that media 500 does not become dislodged or and removed from the erosion reduction assembly 100 due to water run-off.

In a preferred embodiment of textile 420 placement, the textile 420 follows the perimeter formed by the receptacle 400. The porosity of the textile 420 is chosen based on the size of silt and sediment proximate the assembly 100. For example, without limitation, nonwoven geotextile textile weighing about 2.5 to 20 oz/yd² having an apparent opening size of about 30 to 120 US Sieve and a water flow rate of about 10 to 200 g/min/ft² is utilized. The textile 420 is either woven or nonwoven.

Turning again to FIGS. 1-3 and 5, one embodiment of the invention comprises textile liners 430, 431 that are placed in the flow restrictor inner cavities 210, 211. The porosity of the textile liners 430, 431 are chosen based on the size of silt and sediment proximate the assembly 100. For example, without limitation, nonwoven geotextile textile weighing about 2.5 to 20 oz/yd² having an apparent opening size of about 30 to 120 US Sieve and a water flow rate of about 10 to 200 g/min/ft² is utilized. The textile liners 430, 431 are either woven or nonwoven. The textile liners 430, 431 are held in place with fasteners, adhesive, or merely by being held in place by the weight media 500.

The Media

FIG. 1 offers, by way of example, one embodiment of the erosion reduction assembly 100 comprising aggregate filter media 500. Such media 500 can be any loose rock roughly between about 0.5 to about 12 inches in diameter. The media 500 is preferably local to the area in order to reduce logistical costs. Alternatively, such media could be made from a polymer, polystyrene, composite, brick, concrete, rubber, and any other media known in the art.

The media 500 has two primary functions within the erosion reduction assembly 100. First, the media 500 is placed over a portion of each water flow restrictor 200, 201 to secure and anchor the water velocity reduction wall 300. The portion of the water velocity reduction wall 300 covered by media 500 is referred to as the non-exposed portion, and the portion of the water velocity reduction wall 300 not covered by media 500 is referred to as the exposed portion. The weight of the media 500 stabilizes the water flow restrictor wall 300 within the receptacle 400. FIG. 5 illustrate the position of the water velocity reduction wall 300 positioned in the receptacle 400 in the absence of any media 500.

The second function of the media 500 is to act as a filtration layer. Such a filtering layer helps to create a sufficient number of pathways and obstacles for water run-off to slow down to reduce both sheet and rill erosion. The slowed run-off is then capable of passing through the various perforations 240, 241 of the water flow restrictors 200, 201.

Referring again to FIGS. 1 and 5, to aid in draining water from the media 500, a drain pipe 510 is placed under the media 500. The drain pipe 510 is made of metal, plastic, PVC, or any other material known in the art. The pipe 510 defines a plurality of drainage holes or slits to allow water to enter the pipe 510. In a preferred embodiment, at least one pipe is placed under the media 500 approximately parallel to the long axis of the assembly 100. The diameter of the pipe is between about 2 inches and 18 inches. The pipe 510 protrudes through holes in the receptacle 400 of a size and dimension to accommodate the pipe 510. In a similar embodiment, the pipe 510 abuts the receptacle 400, but does not protrude outside the receptacle 400.

Positioning of the Erosion reduction Assembly

The invention further contemplates a method of reducing erosion through the positioning of a plurality of erosion reduction assemblies 100 to form an erosion reduction system 600. FIG. 6 offers, by way of example, a contemplated arrangement of the various erosion reduction assemblies 100 over terrain. As shown, it is preferable to place several erosion reduction assemblies 100 in a row, but in order to maximize the effectiveness of the system, secondary rows 610 are staggered behind the primary row 620. This helps increase the effectiveness of all of the erosion reduction assemblies 100, and such positioning helps to prevent sheet erosion by reducing the velocity of flowing water and reducing the volume of particulates eroded.

Now referring to FIG. 7, in one embodiment of the method to reduce erosion, additional erosion reduction assemblies 630 are placed on or near an existing erosion reduction system 600. In particular, silt and sediment accumulate, over time, on and around the erosion reduction assemblies 100 of the erosion reduction system 600. However, as the silt and sediment accumulate, erosion reduction assemblies 100 may be obstructed or even totally buried. Therefore, the erosion reduction system 600 is augmented with additional erosion reduction assemblies 630 by positioning these assemblies 630 proximate obstructed or buried erosion reduction assemblies 100.

Turning again to FIG. 1, the erosion reduction assembly 100 is preferably situated in an orientation wherein water flows in a direction toward the flow restrictor inner cavities 210 as indicated by the direction indicated by water flow arrows 110. The velocity of the water that exits the assembly 100 is reduced relative to the velocity of the water entering the assembly 100.

In the specification set forth above there have been disclosed typical preferred embodiments of the invention, and although specific terms are employed, the terms are used in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. The invention has been described in some detail, but it will be apparent that various modifications and changes can be made within the spirit and scope of the invention as described in the foregoing specification and as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A system to reduce water mediated erosion of land comprising: a plurality of erosion reduction assemblies situated in a region in need of erosion reduction, each assembly comprising: aggregate filter media;a perforated water velocity reduction wall having an exposed portion and a non-exposed portion, the non-exposed portion embedded in the media and the exposed portion extending outwardly from the media; anda receptacle having a size and dimension to substantially surround and maintain the position of the media and the wall, the receptacle being permeable to water and silt.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein the water velocity reduction wall comprises a plurality of tires.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein the water velocity reduction wall comprises a plurality of approximately “C” shaped tire portions.

4. The system of claim 3 wherein each tire portion is fastened to a proximate tire.

5. The system of claim 1 wherein the receptacle is made from a substantially rigid mesh.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the exposed portion comprises a substantially arcuate region.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the exposed portion comprises a substantially cupped region.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein perforations of the perforated water velocity reduction wall are situated approximately laterally to the direction of water flow to interrupt downward water flow.

9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a drainage pipe embedded in the filter media to increase the rate at which water is drained from the erosion reduction assembly.

10. The system of claim 1, further comprising textile proximate the filter media and the receptacle.

11. The system of claim 1, further comprising textile liners proximate an inner cavity of the perforated water velocity reduction wall.

12. An erosion reduction device comprising: aggregate filter media;a plurality of approximately “C” shaped tire portions that are perforated on a tread surface and side wall surfaces, the perforations having a size and dimension to allow water to pass therethrough;a water velocity reduction wall constructed from attaching the plurality tire portions to each other, wherein each tire portion is fastened to a proximate tire to form a single “C” shaped row of tires;a receptacle having a size and dimension to substantially surround and maintain the position of the media and the wall, the receptacle being permeable to water and silt, wherein a non-exposed portion of the wall is embedded in the media and an exposed portion of the wall extends outwardly from the media.

13. The device of claim 12, wherein the receptacle is made from a substantially rigid mesh.

14. The device of claim 12, wherein the exposed portion comprises a substantially arcuate region.

15. The device of claim 12, wherein the exposed portion comprises a substantially cupped region.

16. The device of claim 12, further comprising a drainage pipe embedded in the filter media to increase the rate at which water is drained from the erosion reduction assembly.

17. The device of claim 12, further comprising textile proximate the filter media and the receptacle.

18. The device of claim 12, further comprising textile liners proximate an inner cavity of the perforated water velocity reduction wall.

19. The device of claim 12, wherein perforations of the perforated water velocity reduction wall are situated approximately laterally to the direction of water flow to interrupt downward water flow.

20. A method of disposing tires and reducing water mediated erosion of land comprising the steps of: cutting tires approximately in half to create two approximately “C” shaped tire portions;placing aggregate filter media within a receptacle having a size and dimension to substantially surround and maintain the position of the media; andplacing a plurality of tire portions within the receptacle;arranging media about the tire portions so that a region of the tire portions protrudes from the media.

21. The method claim 20 further comprising the step of fastening the plurality of tire portions to each other to form a continuous wall of tires.

22. The method of claim 20 further comprising the step of perforating the tires.

23. The method of claim 20 further comprising the step of perforating the tire portions.

24. A method of disposing tires and reducing water mediated erosion of land comprising the steps placing an erosion reduction device of claim 12 on a region of land in an area in need of erosion reduction.

25. The method of claim 24 wherein a plurality of erosion reduction devices are situated in a staggered conformation with relation to each other.

26. The method of claim 24 further comprising the steps of: waiting for an erosion reduction device to be at least partially covered by particulate matter; andplacing an additional erosion reduction device proximate the at least partially covered erosion reduction device.