Patent Application
20050140076
The present invention pertains to a system for tensioning a coil spring with a spring vice, comprising a first and second pressure plate each, which are disk-shaped or strip-shaped and have a central opening each and can be caused to engage a spring turn each of the coil spring for tensioning the coil spring, as well as a tensioning device, which is formed from a threaded pipe and a threaded spindle, wherein the threaded spindle has a spindle head, which is provided with a wrench profile and via which the threaded spindle is axially supported at the first pressure plate by means of a thrust bearing, and wherein the threaded pipe has, at its end located axially opposite the spindle head, radially projecting radial fingers, by which the threaded pipe can be brought into pulling connection with the second pressure plate, and wherein the distance between the pressure plates during the screwing in of the threaded spindle into the threaded pipe can be shortened.
Systems of the type of this class for tensioning a coil spring are known, for example, from EP 0 115 774 B1 and EP 0 271 782 B1.
The subject of EP 0 115 774 B1 is a spring vice, which has two pressure plates, the distance between which can be changed by means of a tensioning device during the tensioning of a coil spring. These pressure plates have a disk-shaped design and have a circular base each. To tension the coil spring, these two pressure plates with their tensioning surface, which has a pitch, are caused to engage a spring turn each of the coil spring. The spring turns accommodated are located in the end areas of the coil spring axially between the end turns of the coil spring. The tensioning device is subsequently caused to engage the two pressure plates.
The tensioning device comprises here a threaded pipe, which has two diametrically opposite, radially outwardly projecting radial fingers at one of its ends. The corresponding pressure plate has a central opening, through which the threaded pipe with its radial fingers can be passed. Two hollows, which can be caused to be engaged by the radial fingers after a rotation of the threaded pipe by about 90E around the central longitudinal axis of the threaded pipe, are provided in the pressure plate axially on the outside in the edge areas of the opening. The threaded pipe with its radial fingers is thus in pulling connection with the pressure plate via these hollows of the pressure plate, adapted to rotate in unison. Furthermore, the tensioning device comprises a threaded spindle, which has a wrench head, which is in turn provided with a wrench profile designed as a hexagon insert bit. This threaded spindle is mounted in a guide pipe and is supported via a thrust bearing in a head part of the guide pipe, which said head part is located axially opposite the threaded pipe. The guide pipe can be brought into connection with the threaded pipe via elements securing against rotation, adapted to rotate in unison. Positive-locking elements, by means of which the guide pipe can be caused to engage the pressure plate located opposite the threaded pipe, adapted to rotate in unison, are provided at the guide pipe in the area of the head part.
The threaded spindle is screwed into the threaded pipe during the tensioning, so that the guide pipe is pushed over the threaded pipe. The distance between the head part with its two positive-locking elements and the radial fingers of the threaded pipe changes at the same time, so that a coil spring mounted between the two pressure plates is shortened and thus tensioned.
Because of the guide pipe provided and the elements securing against rotation, which project radially to the outside, the tensioning device has a relatively large external diameter here, so that this tensioning device cannot be used for any application on a motor vehicle. Such coil springs of a motor vehicle, which are to be tightened, are seated between an axle body and the body of a motor vehicle. Designs in which the coil spring is accommodated with its end turn on a dome-shaped guide pin are known here for mounting especially at the axle body. The end turn has a relatively small turn diameter, so that the receiving lug also has a relatively small diameter only. The receiving lug is usually provided with a central through hole, whose diameter is likewise relatively small, so that the tensioning device of the prior-art spring vice cannot be passed through the through hole. This means in turn that the diameter of the tensioning device cannot be smaller than a minimum diameter because of the elements securing against rotation, which are provided over the guide pipe. The consequence of this is in turn that the threaded spindle can be used only without a guide pipe and consequently also without the means securing against rotation only in such axle designs with a relatively small through hole, because the threaded spindle itself with its spindle head has such a small diameter that this threaded spindle can be passed through the small through hole of the axle body.
Similarly, the tensioning device in the subject of EP 0 271 782 B1 is provided with a relatively large external diameter. This is due in the subject of EP 0 271 782 B1 to the fact that a guide pipe, which is connected with a coupling pipe, adapted to rotate in unison, is likewise provided here for the threaded pipe. This coupling pipe establishes, in turn, a connection with the threaded pipe, in such a way that they are adapted to rotate in unison, and the guide pipe, the coupling pipe and the threaded pipe can be pushed telescopically into one another. The threaded spindle, which can be screwed into the threaded pipe in this case as well, is likewise mounted in a head part at the outer end of the guide pipe and is supported therein axially via a thrust bearing. This tensioning device can also be used only if the guide pipe and the coupling pipe are omitted, because the threaded spindle with its spindle head can be passed in this case through a relatively narrow through hole of an axle body and can be caused to engage the pressure plate located axially opposite the threaded pipe. However, the consequence of this is that the prior-art spring vice must do without a means securing the two pressure plates against rotation in both cases. However, since this is extremely dangerous for the operating personnel during the operation, such a system for tensioning a coil spring can be used only conditionally.
Thus, the object of the present invention is to design a system of the type of this class for tensioning a coil spring such that the tensioning device of this system can be passed through extremely narrow through holes of an axle body and a means for securing the two pressure plates against rotation does not have to be omitted.
The object is accomplished according to the present invention by the first pressure plate being provided in its radially outer edge area with a first guide means, which can be caused to engage a second guide means of the second pressure plate, which second guide means is arranged in the radially outer edge area of the second pressure plate, in an axially adjustable manner, and by the pressure plates being axially adjustable via the two guide means and detachably connected with one another, nonrotatably in relation to one another.
The design of the system for tensioning a coil spring according to the present invention makes it possible to embody a tensioning device for a spring vice which has an extremely small space requirement in terms of its diameter. Due to the two guide means in the radially outer edge areas of both pressure plates, no guide pipe with a larger diameter is necessary for securing the pressure plates against rotation in the area of the tensioning device. The tensioning device with its threaded spindle and its threaded pipe can be made so small in terms of its diameter that the tensioning device can be passed through extremely small through holes of an axle body. Thus, both the threaded pipe and the threaded spindle can still be made with a sufficiently large cross section in order to make it possible to apply even extremely strong tensioning forces of up to 2 tons without a risk of rupture. Due to the fact that the two guide means of the two pressure plates are connected detachably with one another, the handling of the spring vice of this system according to the present invention is extremely simple, and the two pressure plates can be caused to engage the spring turns of a coil spring to be tensioned in a simple manner.
Thus, to tension a coil spring installed in a motor vehicle, the “second,” upper pressure plate is first to be caused to engage one of the spring turns of the coil spring to be tensioned. This pressure plate can subsequently be rotated upward to a maximum along the spring turns of the coil spring to the top end of the coil spring. The guide means now extends essentially on the outside in parallel to the coil spring, so that this rotary movement is not hindered by the guide means. After the second, upper pressure plate has been positioned correctly, the threaded pipe with its radial fingers is brought into pulling connection with the upper pressure plate in the known manner. The threaded pipe can be introduced for this purpose into the coil spring from the bottom through the through hole of the axle body as well as the opening of the lower pressure plate. After rotation by 90E, the radial fingers enter corresponding hollows of the second, upper pressure plate, which are arranged in the circumferential area of the opening on the top side in the pressure plate. The first, lower pressure plate is subsequently placed into one of the lower spring turns of the coil spring and caused to overlap the second guide means of the second, upper pressure plate with its guide means. The two guide means can be caused to engage one another detachably due to corresponding positive-locking elements.
The threaded spindle can subsequently be passed through the through hole of the axle body and screwed with its threaded section into the threaded pipe. Provisions are made in this connection for the threaded spindle to have a spindle head with a wrench profile, the spindle head having such a diameter that it can be passed fittingly through the through hole of the axle body. A thrust bearing is preferably provided between the spindle head and the pressure plate in order to considerably reduce the frictional forces during the subsequent tensioning operation, i.e., during the rotation of the threaded spindle for tensioning the coil spring. The length of the threaded spindle as well as of the threaded pipe is selected here to be such that the axial spindle does not project axially over the end turn of the coil spring with the coil spring tensioned completely, so that the tensioned coil spring together with the spring vice can be removed as a “set” between the axle body and the body of the motor vehicle.
According to one aspect of the invention, guide plates may be provided as guide means. The first guide means of the first pressure plate extends here from the radially outer edge area of the first pressure plate to the second pressure plate. Furthermore, this first guide means or first guide plate has at least one guide slot, which extends approximately in parallel to the tensioning device. The second guide means is likewise designed as a guide plate and extends from the radially outer edge area of the second pressure plate to the first pressure plate. To detachably connect this second pressure plate with the first pressure plate, this second guide plate is provided with at least one radially outwardly projecting guide element, which engages the guide slot of the first guide plate in a positive-locking and axially adjustable manner. It is easy to imagine that this guide element slides with a small clearance along the guide slot during the tensioning operation and thus forms a means securing the two pressure plates against rotation in relation to one another.
According another aspect of the invention, the guide element or the guide elements of the second guide means may be formed from one or more guide pins, which can be screwed into the free end of the second guide plate. An extremely simple design and consequently an extremely simple possibility of manufacturing the guide elements is achieved due to this design.
According to another aspect of the invention, the guide pins may be designed as fillister head screws, in which case these have a screw head with a wrench profile. The length of the cylindrical section of these fillister head screws is preferably greater than the thickness of the first guide plate with the guide plate mounted rigidly at the second pressure plate. It is thus achieved that the second guide plate with its fillister head screws engaging the guide slots of the first guide plate can be displaced relative to the first guide plate both radially and axially. Relative pivoting movements of the two pressure plates and consequently also of the guide plates relative to one another, which may always occur during the tensioning operation, are thus allowed.
As an alternative, provisions may also be made according to another aspect of the invention for the guide plates to be fastened in such a way that they are mounted pivotably around a pivot axis extending approximately tangentially to the corresponding associated pressure plate. This means that due to this pivotable mounting of the guide plates, a certain compensation of the pivoting movement of the pressure plates is guaranteed during the tensioning operation. The length of the guide pins, which are likewise designed as fillister head screws here and have a screw head, can be adapted in this case to the thickness of the first guide plate with its guide slot. This means that due to this fillister head screw, the first guide plate is accommodated with a small clearance between the screw head and the second guide plate.
As an alternative, the first guide element of the first pressure plate may be designed according to still another aspect of the invention as a guide rod. This guide rod is fastened to the first pressure plate pivotably around a pivot axis extending approximately tangentially to that pressure plate. As a counterpiece to this guide element designed as a guide rod, the second pressure plate has a guide pipe, into which the guide rod of the first pressure plate can be pushed in an axially adjustable manner. This guide pipe is also fastened to the second pressure plate pivotably around a pivot axis extending approximately tangentially to the second pressure plate. Pivoting movements of the pressure plates are likewise compensated here during the tensioning operation due to this pivotable mounting of both the guide rod and the guide pipe. Due to the positive-locking engagement of the guide rod with the guide pipe, the two pressure plates are secured against rotation in relation to one another by this alternative embodiment as well. Furthermore, it is also possible to provide a guide ring, into which the guide rods can be pushed with a small clearance in an axially adjustable manner, instead of the guide pipe.
To make it possible to use this tensioning system for different coil springs to be tensioned as well, provisions may be made according to another aspect of the invention for at least one of the two guide means of one of the pressure plates to be able to be fastened in different, predefined positions in the edge area of the corresponding pressure plate. The relative angular position of the two pressure plates in relation to one another can be set differently due to this design, so that the largest possible number of spring turns can be accommodated between the two pressure plates by turning the pressure plates toward the end of the coil spring to be tensioned as much as possible.
To make sure, especially at the beginning of the tensioning operation, that the pressure plates will not rotate in relation to the coil spring, provisions may be made according to claim 8 to provide one of the two guide elements or even both guide elements with a bushing. A kind of stop lever can be inserted into this bushing, so that depending on the accessibility, the tensioning system is held reliably in its position by means of this stop lever during the actuation of the threaded spindle. In addition, together with a rubber bearing attached in advance to the coil spring, the coil spring can be aligned with a dome-shaped spring mount of the vehicle body due to the stop lever during the installation of a coil spring in a motor vehicle, so that the insertion of the coil spring is made much easier.
According to another aspect of the invention, this bushing may be provided with a hexagon socket, into which the stop lever can be pushed in a stationary manner with a hexagon insert bit in different angular positions. Handling is made much easier by this design during “holding-up” and especially during the alignment of the tensioning system, together with the coil spring, with the spring mount.
Provisions may be made according to claim 10 for the second pressure plate to be mounted pivotably at the threaded pipe of the tensioning device in relation to the threaded pipe. The threaded pipe has two diametrically opposite radial fingers for this purpose, which engage two diametrically opposite hollows of the pressure plate, which define a pivot axis, in the mounted state on the second pressure plate according to another aspect of the invention. The pivot axis extends at an angle of about 0E to about 30E in relation to a plane of symmetry of a recess of the second pressure plate. This recess is used, as this is known from the state of the art, to pass through axially a spring turn accommodated by the pressure plate.
Provisions may be made according to another aspect of the invention for the hollows to be part of a separate bearing ring, which has bearing webs, which project radially outwardly, are located diametrically opposite and extend at right angles to the hollows, wherein the bearing ring can be caused by means of the bearing webs to pivotably engage two depressions of the second bearing plate, which said depressions are arranged in the edge area of a through hole pivotably accommodating the bearing ring, and for the bearing webs to define a second pivot axis extending at right angles to the pivot axis in cooperation with the depressions. The second pressure plate is able due to this embodiment to adapt itself as desired to any changing pitch of a spring turn accommodated during the tensioning operation and during the release operation. Adaptation to the course of the spring turn of a coil spring mounted in the motor vehicle in a curved form or of a coil spring arranged with its end turns diagonally offset in the motor vehicle is also reliably guaranteed, in particular.
According to another aspect of the invention, provisions may be made for a locking means to be provided on the second pressure plate axially on the outside, wherein the locking means can be brought from a neutral position into a locked position, in which the central opening for mounting the threaded pipe with its radial fingers can be closed at least partially. It is ensured by this design that the threaded pipe accommodated with its radial fingers in the opening of the second pressure plate or in the hollows of the opening cannot slip out of the opening and especially out of the hollows when the threaded spindle is attached and screwed in, because the threaded spindle remains securely engaged with the hollows by its radial fingers due to the locking means.
According to another aspect of the invention, the spindle head of the threaded spindle can fittingly engage the thrust bearing. Furthermore, provisions are made according for the thrust bearing to be accommodated in a bearing housing, which has two diametrically opposite, radially outwardly projecting bearing webs. The first pressure plate is mounted pivotably at these bearing webs in relation to the threaded spindle.
According to another aspect of the invention, the first pressure plate has two diametrically opposite hollows, which define a pivot axis, in the area of its opening for mounting at the bearing webs of the bearing housing. These hollows extend at an angle of about 80E to 100E to a plane of symmetry of a recess of the first pressure plate. This recess of this first pressure plate is likewise used, as is already known from the state of the art, to pass through axially the spring turn accommodated by the pressure plate.
The embodiments according to another aspect of the invention are especially advantageous for tensioning coil springs that are inserted in an arc-shaped pattern between the vehicle axle and the body of a motor vehicle or which are accommodated in the motor vehicle with their end turns diagonally or laterally offset. Because of the pivotable mounting, the two pressure plates are able to adapt to such a bent and/or offset course during the tensioning operation and also during the releasing operation during the insertion of the coil spring between the axle body and the body of the motor vehicle.
According to another aspect of the invention, the wrench profile of the spindle head of the threaded spindle is advantageously designed as a hexagon socket. This has the advantage that the spindle head can be made with an extremely small diameter. To actuate the threaded spindle or to drive same, a kind of socket wrench is provided in a hexagon insert bit that can be fittingly inserted into the hexagon socket of the spindle head. Furthermore, this socket wrench has a radially tapered shank section starting from its hexagon insert bit. Damage to the axle body or rubber inserts in the area of the through hole of the axle body is reliably prevented from occurring by this shank section.
Provisions may be made for the drive of the wrench or the socket wrench according to another aspect of the invention that the shank section is provided with a coupling element at its end located opposite the hexagon insert bit. By means of this coupling element, the shank section can be brought into connection with a rotary lever or a so-called “ratchet,” adapted to rotate in unison. Extremely simple handling of the spring vice is ensured by this design.
Furthermore, a pretensioning means, by means of which a coil spring to be tensioned can be shortened from its nontensioned length to a pretensioned length, may be provided for the spring vice another aspect of the invention. In this pretensioned length, the spring vice can be caused with its two pressure plates and its tensioning device to engage the coil spring. Such a pretensioning means may be necessary when the corresponding length of the coil spring to be tensioned is extremely great and thus cannot be completely released by means of the spring vice because of a smaller tensioning stroke of the tensioning device. It may also be necessary in certain applications to make the threaded spindle and the threaded pipe relatively short. This is true especially when the distance between the axle body and the body in the mounting area of the spring is short. The threaded spindle cannot be made as long as desired in this case, because it would otherwise be tensioned against the body of the motor vehicle and thus it could cause damage if the coil spring is tensioned completely. On the other hand, the threaded pipe cannot, however, be made as long as desired, either, because the tensioning path of the tensioning device, whose length decreases in a telescopic manner, would not otherwise be sufficient to tension the spring at least approximately completely to remove the spring from the motor vehicle without having to remove the axle. To tension a coil spring, i.e., when mounting a longer coil spring or in case of the “crowded” installation conditions of a coil spring and a correspondingly short design of the threaded spindle and of the threaded pipe, the coil spring is pretensioned by means of the pretensioning means at least to the extent that two spring turns can be grasped in the end areas of the coil spring with the spring vice according to the preceding claims. The coil spring can thus be shortened by means of the spring vice to the extent that the coil spring, tensioned completely, can be inserted between the axle body and the body of a motor vehicle without, for example, the axle body having to be removed.
According to another aspect of the invention, the pretensioning means may have two tensioning plates, at which the coil springs are supported with their two end turns. The axial distance between the two tensioning plates can be changed here by means of a tensioning means. Various designs, for example, tensioning devices, as they are known from spring vices of another design, may be used as the tensioning means here.
Provisions are made another aspect of the invention for the pretensioning means to be designed as a tensioning frame. The first of the two tensioning plates is integrated in the tensioning frame here in a fixed manner. This first tensioning plate is in connection with a support plate in a fixed manner via support rods. This support plate has, in turn, a central pressing device, by means of which the axial distance between the second tensioning plate and the first tensioning plate can be changed.
According to another aspect of the invention, the first tensioning plate has a central centering dome, to which the coil spring can be attached with its end turn. Starting from this centering dome, a radially outwardly directed stop is provided, by which the angular position of the coil spring in relation to its central longitudinal axis or the central longitudinal axis of the pretensioning means in the tensioning frame can be set in a defined manner. Such setting of the angular position may be significant for the later attachment of the spring vice with its two pressure plates, especially when the spring vice with its pressure plates and above all with its two, radially outwardly arranged guide means must be aligned in a special orientation for the installation of the coil spring in a motor vehicle.
According to another aspect of the invention, the second tensioning plate also has a central centering dome for receiving the second end turn of the coil spring to be tensioned. It is ensured by these designs that the coil spring cannot slip out of the pretensioning means during the tensioning of the coil spring.
To facilitate the pressing operation as much as possible, the pressing device may be designed another aspect of the invention as a hydraulic cylinder, to the axially adjustable piston rod of which the second tensioning plate is removably fastened. Due to the removable fastening of the second tensioning plate at the piston rod, the pretensioning means can also be adapted to coil springs with different end turn diameters.
According to another aspect of the invention, a marking means, which can be moved along one of the support rods during the tensioning movement of the first tensioning plate, is arranged at the second axially adjustable tensioning plate. Furthermore, a visible mark, whose axial position defines the pretension of the coil spring at which the spring vice with its pressure plates and its tensioning device is to be attached to the coil spring, is provided on the support rod. The defined pretension of the coil spring for attaching the spring vice can be recognized by the installer in a simple manner due to these marking means.
Furthermore, the stationary first tensioning plate of the tensioning frame may have a central through hole arranged within its centering dome. The hexagon socket of the spindle head of the tensioning device, which is inserted into the coil spring, is freely accessible through this through hole from the outside by means of a wrench. Furthermore, the diameter of this through hole is selected to be such that the threaded spindle with its spindle head can be passed through this through hole and can be caused to engage the threaded pipe.
To align the spindle head in a centered manner in the coil spring during the tensioning or also during the release of the coil spring, a centering sleeve is provided according to another aspect of the invention, which is to be inserted into the through hole of the first tensioning plate in an axially displaceable manner. The length of this centering sleeve is selected to be such that it accommodates the spindle head of the threaded spindle with a small clearance. Because of the axial movement of the spindle head during the tensioning operation due to the spring vice, on the one hand, and due to the pretensioning means, on the other hand, the centering sleeve is displaced to the outside through the through hole of the first tensioning plate during the tensioning. Because of the centered alignment of the spindle head, the hexagon socket of the spindle head is thus always accessible with the wrench in a simple manner, because the hexagon socket is aligned at least approximately centrally with the through hole of the tensioning plate.
According to another aspect of the invention, a positioning tool may be provided for inserting the threaded pipe into the second pressure plate, which engages the spring turn. At one of its ends, this positioning tool has a threaded section, whose axial length is limited by a circumferential stop web. The positioning tool can be screwed with this threaded section into the threaded pipe, so that the threaded pipe can be handled with the positioning tool in a simple manner. To insert the threaded pipe into the second pressure plate, the threaded pipe is axially introduced into the coil spring with the positioning tool, and the threaded pipe with its radial fingers is passed through the opening of the second pressure plate. After rotation by about 90E, the radial fingers of the threaded pipe will then engage the hollows in the area of the opening of the pressure plate. The locking device can now be brought into its locked position, so that the threaded spindle with its radial fingers cannot slip out of the hollows of the pressure plate any longer. Since there is a connection adapted to rotate in unison between the threaded pipe and the pressure plate now, the positioning tool can again be screwed out of the threaded pipe. The first pressure plate is subsequently inserted into the coil spring and the threaded spindle is screwed into the threaded pipe through the first pressure plate, so that the tensioning operation can then start.
Coil springs that are accessible only via an extremely narrow through hole of an axle body of a motor vehicle can be tensioned with the system according to the present invention in a simple and reliable manner. Because of the two guide means provided in the radially outer edge area of the two pressure plates, which brings about the securing of these pressure plates against rotation in relation to one another, it is possible to make the diameter of the tensioning device as small as possible, so that the tensioning device can also be introduced during its use into a coil spring to be tensioned even through extremely narrow through holes of an axle body. Furthermore, precise alignment of this spring vice with its guide means at its pressure plates in relation to the coil spring can be carried out reliably in conjunction with the pretensioning means. Because of the stop directed radially outwardly in the first tensioning plate in the area of the centering dome, the installer has the possibility here to align the coil spring to be tensioned accurately in terms of its angular position in relation to the pretensioning device for the installation. After the pretensioning by a certain tensioning stroke, which can be unambiguously recognized from the marks, the pressure plates can now be inserted into the corresponding spring turns of the coil spring radially from the outside. The two guide means will now engage one another either automatically in a positive-locking and axially displaceable manner, or they can be aligned with one another such that the fillister head screws provided can be screwed into the second guide plate through the guide slot or the guide slots. An axially displaceable, positive-locking and detachable connection is thus achieved between the two guide plates. The two pressure plates with their guide means can be accurately aligned in relation to the coil spring by subsequently aligning the angular position of the two pressure plates in relation to the pretensioning means, which can be recognized by the installer, for example, based on the position of the support rods. Depending on the space conditions at a motor vehicle, this may be necessary in order to make it possible to remove the two pressure plates with their guide means after the insertion of the coil spring. If, for example, the fillister head screws are provided, these must possibly be able to be removed to remove the pressure plates from the coil springs inserted into the motor vehicle, because their accessibility must be guaranteed. Furthermore, the guide means should be preferably positioned on the outside of the curvature of a coil spring inserted into the motor vehicle in the bent shape in order to guarantee secure insertion. This is reliably guaranteed by the pretensioning means with its stop as well as the accurate positioning of the pressure plates in a coil spring pretensioned in the pretensioning means.
An exemplary embodiment of a system for tensioning a coil spring will be explained in greater detail below as an example based on the drawings. The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its uses, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated.
As can be recognized from
Furthermore, it can be recognized from
As is apparent from
Furthermore, the threaded pipe 2 has two radially projecting radial fingers 31 and 32 at its upper end, with which radial fingers the threaded pipe 2 can be caused to engage the two hollows 23 and 24 of the second pressure plate 1. Each of the radial fingers 31 and 32 has a support surface 33 and 34, respectively, which extend in an arc-shaped pattern and by means of which the threaded pipe 2 is pivotably supported on the support surfaces 26 and 27 of the two hollows 23 and 24 of the pressure plate 1. The two radial fingers 31 and 32 are likewise located diametrically opposite each other here. The circumferential length of the two radial fingers 31 and 32 is smaller than the circumferential length of the respective associated hollow 23 and 24, so that the threaded pipe 2 can perform a certain pivoting movement around the pivot axis 28 in the opening 3 of the pressure plate 1. At the same time, the opening 3 likewise has an approximately oval base and it has a larger diameter in the area of its two radial expansions 21 and 22, so that the pivoting movement is made possible.
In its upper end area, in which the two radial fingers 31 and 32 are arranged, the threaded pipe 2 has a circumferential ring mark 35, whose distance from the upper front surface 36 of the threaded pipe 2 approximately corresponds to the thickness of the support disk 7 of the second pressure plate 1. Due to this ring mark 35, the installer is able to recognize that the two radial fingers 31 and 32 correctly engage the two hollows 23 and 24 of the second pressure plate 1. The ring mark 35 is recognizable in this case on the underside under the support disk 7 of the pressure plate 1, because the ring mark 35 is located under the support disk 7 because of its axially spaced location from the upper front surface 36 of the threaded pipe 2.
Furthermore, two line marks 37, from which the position of the two radial fingers 31 and 32 at the threaded pipe 2 can be recognized, are provided in the circumferential area of the two radial fingers 31 and 32 starting from the ring marks 35. To insert the threaded pipe 2 correctly, the threaded pipe with its radial fingers 31 and 32 is aligned with the two radial expansions 21 and 22 of the second pressure plate 1 and passed from below through the second pressure plate 1 after the pressure plate 1 had been inserted into a coil spring. After rotation by about 90E, the two radial fingers 31 and 32 will overlap the hollows 23 and 24 of the second pressure plate 1. Since, as is apparent from
This upper, second pressure plate 1 is likewise provided for this purpose with two radially extending line marks 38 on the underside at the support disk 7, starting from the opening 3, and the angular position of these line marks 38 corresponds to the angular position of the two hollows 23 and 24. The installer will thus recognize that the threaded pipe 2 with its radial fingers 31 and 32 is in the correct angular alignment in relation to the two hollows 23 and 24 if the line marks 37 and 38 overlap the two line marks 39 of the second pressure plate 1. The threaded pipe 2 is to be withdrawn axially downwardly in this position, so that the two radial fingers 31 and 32 can be caused to engage the two hollows 23 and 24 in the correct position.
To secure the threaded pipe in this inserted position in the opening 3 of the pressure plate 1, a locking means 245 may be provided, as it is shown as an example in
This exemplary embodiment of the first pressure plate 40 is also provided in its radially outer edge area with a total of three mounting blocks 54, 55 and 56, which extend with their respective outer mounting surfaces 57, 58 and 59 tangentially to the first pressure plate 40 as well as in parallel to the central longitudinal axis 60 of the pressure plate 40. Each of the mounting blocks 54, 55 and 56 has two threaded holes 61, of which only the two threaded holes 61 and 62 of the mounting block 56 can be recognized in
Furthermore, the first pressure plate 40 likewise has a central opening 63, which has a considerably larger diameter than the central opening 3 of the second pressure plate 1. This central opening 63 of the first pressure plate 40 is used to pivotably receive the bearing housing 42. To support the bearing housing 42 axially, the bearing housing is provided with two diametrically opposite, radially outwardly projecting bearing webs 64 and 65. Each of the bearing webs 64 and 65 has a support surface 66 and 67, respectively, which extend in an arc-shaped pattern and via which the bearing housing 42 is pivotably supported axially in two hollows 68 and 69, respectively, of the opening 63 of the first support plate 40. As can be recognized from
Two securing screws 73, 74, which can be screwed into an internal thread 75 and 76, respectively, of the bearing housing 42, are provided to secure the bearing housing 42 in the opening 63 of the first pressure plate 40. These two internal threads 75 and 76 are arranged axially opposite the two bearing webs 64 and 65 in the radially outer edge area of the upper front surface 77 of the bearing housing 42, so that the securing screws 73 and 74 partially project radially over the bearing housing with their respective screw heads 78 and 79. The bearing housing 42 is thus held by the securing screws 73 and 74 with a clearance in the opening 63 of the first pressure plate 40. The dimensions of the bearing webs 64 and 65 as well as of the hollows 68 and 69 are coordinated with one another such that the bearing housing 42 can be pivoted in the hollows 68 and 69 around a pivot axis 80 defined by the two support surfaces 71 and 72. This pivot axis 80 extends at right angles to the plane of symmetry 51 of the recess 50 of the tensioning surface 46 of the first pressure plate 40 in this exemplary embodiment. Furthermore, the opening 63 also has an oval shape and has a larger diameter in the area at right angles to its two hollows 68 and 69 than in the area of the hollows 68 and 69, as a result of which the pivotability of the bearing housing 42 in the opening 63 is guaranteed.
Furthermore, with its two bearing webs 64 and 65 located axially opposite each other, the bearing housing forms a radially inwardly directed support ring 81, at which the thrust bearing 43 inserted into the bearing housing 42 is supported axially during operation. Furthermore, the support ring 44 can be inserted into the mounted thrust bearing 43, and the support ring has a cylindrical centering attachment 82 for this purpose, which is accommodated in a centered manner by the thrust bearing 43 in the mounted state.
To secure the support ring 44 together with the thrust bearing 43 in the bearing housing 42, the retaining ring 45 is provided, which can correspondingly be inserted into a circumferential radial groove 83 of the bearing housing 42. The bearing housing 42 is designed for this purpose as a mounting cylinder, and the radial groove 83 is arranged on the inner wall of the bearing housing 42.
Furthermore,
These fillister head screws 99, 100 have a cylindrical guide shank 101, 102, respectively, as well as a radially enlarged screw head 103 and 104, respectively. A threaded section 105, 106 each, whose axial lengths approximately correspond to the thickness d1 of the guide plate 90, is provided at the end of each guide shank 101, 102.
The first guide plate 91 likewise has in its lower end area two through holes 107 and 108, through which two mounting screws 109 and 110 can likewise be passed. This first guide plate 91 can be fastened in a fixed manner by means of these mounting screws 109 and 110, for example at the mounting block 56 of the first pressure plate 40. The two mounting screws 109 and 110 are screwed for this purpose into one of the threaded holes 61 and 62, respectively.
The first guide plate 91 is provided, furthermore, with two guide slots 111, 112, which extend in parallel to one another and extend approximately over the entire length of the first guide plate 91, as this is apparent from
To stabilize the two fillister head screws 99, 100 against one another, especially if the first guide plate 91 with its guide slots 111, 112 is arranged in the vicinity of the screw heads 103 and 104, a support plate 113 is provided, which has two corresponding through holes 114 and 115, through which the two fillister head screws 99, 100 with their respective guide shanks 101 and 102 can be fittingly passed.
In the mounted state, the two guide means 90, 91 bring about a connection of the two pressure plates 1 and 40 in such a way that they are adapted to rotate in unison. These guide means 90, 91 are displaceable axially in relation to one another during use approximately in parallel to a coil spring to be tensioned because of the guide slots 111 and 112 of the first guide plate 91. The axial length of the two guide slots 111 and 112 corresponds at least to the tensioning stroke of the tensioning device formed from the threaded spindle 41 and the threaded pipe 2.
The second guide means or guide plate 90 is mounted in a fixed manner at the mounting block 14 by means of the mounting screws 94 and 95. It shall be noted in this connection that depending on the field of application, this second guide plate 90 may also be mounted in a fixed manner at one of the other two mounting blocks 12 or 13 provided. This also depends ultimately on how the coil spring to be removed from the vehicle extends between the axle body and the body. The pivot axis 28 provided is correspondingly also to be aligned in relation to the first, lower pressure plate 40 in order to take into account, for example, a coil spring that is mounted in a curved shape.
Furthermore, it can be recognized from
As can also be recognized from
Because of this guiding of the two fillister head screws 99 and 100 in the guide slots 111 and 112, which guide is adjustable axially in the direction of the double arrow 124, adjustability of the two pressure plates 1 and 40 is made possible in the axial direction, on the one hand, and securing of these two pressure plates 1 and 40 against rotation in relation to one another is brought about at the same time. A relative pivotability of the two pressure plates 1 and 40, for example, around the double arrow 125, is also possible because of the slot guiding without the securing against rotation being eliminated.
Such a pivotability in the direction of the double arrow 125 may be necessary when a coil spring to be tensioned is clamped in the bent state between the axle body and the body of a vehicle. In addition, the two pressure plates 1 and 40 perform a pivoting movement, at least within certain limits, during the tensioning operation, and this pivoting movement remains guaranteed without collision by the slot guiding of the two guide plates 90 and 91.
As is also apparent from
It is also apparent from
It can be recognized here that the two pivot axes 28 and 80 do not extend in parallel to one another in this arrangement of the two pressure plates 1 and 40. The alignment of the two pivot axes 80 and 28 in relation to one another depends here on the particular conditions of use and can be set by selecting the mounting blocks 12, 13, 14 and 54, 55 and 56 for mounting the guide means 90 and 91. This means that the angular position of the two pressure plates 1 and 40 can be adapted to the course of a coil spring clamped in a motor vehicle depending on the optional mounting of the two guide plates 90 and 91 at one of the respective mounting blocks 12, 13, 14 and 54, 55 and 56 provided.
Furthermore, it can be recognized from
Furthermore, it can be recognized from
It can also be recognized from
For mounting at the respective mounting block 12, 13 or 14 selected, the mounting plate 157 has two through holes 158 and 159, through which two mounting screws 94 and 95 can be correspondingly passed and can be screwed, for example, into the threaded holes 15 and 16 of the mounting block 14, which are shown as an example in
In a similar manner, the first guide element 135 also has two through holes 160 and 161 in its mounting plate 141, by means of which through holes the guide element 135 or the mounting plate 141 thereof can be fastened to one of the mounting blocks 54, 55 or 56 as desired. Two mounting screws 109 and 110, which can be screwed into the correspondingly associated threaded holes, as they are shown as an example for the mounting block 56 in
The second guide element 136 is also provided on its top side with the bushing 131. This bushing 130 is welded in a fixed manner on the upper front surface of the mounting plate 157 in this case as well and is used to lock the mounting plate 157 and consequently also the second pressure plate 1 by means of a corresponding stop lever, which can be inserted fittingly into this hexagon socket 131.
The length of the two shank sections 145 and 146 of the fillister head screws 143 and 144 is selected to be greater only minimally than the thickness d2 of the guide plate 137 in this exemplary embodiment of the guide elements 135 and 136, so that the guide plate 137 is guided axially displaceably along the guide plate 154 with a small clearance by means of these fillister head screws 143 and 144 in the mounted state. Because of the slot guiding, a certain pivotability in the direction of the arrow 125 of the two guide elements 135 and 136 in relation to be another is possible in this case as well, so that the two pressure plates 1 and 40 are likewise pivotable in relation to one another within certain limits during the tensioning operation and the changing pitch of the coil spring can thus be compensated during a tensioning operation.
The pivotability in the direction of the double arrow 126 is made possible by the two pivot bearings 140 and 155, and securing of the two pressure plates 1 and 40 against rotation in relation to one another is reliably guaranteed. Because of these two pivot bearings 140 and 155, an additional distance plate is not necessary for mounting especially the mounting plate 157 on one of the mounting blocks 54, 55 or 56 of the first pressure plate 40, so that the two mounting plates 141 and 157 can be arranged at the same radial distance from the central longitudinal axis 122 (
If the guide pipe 168 is relatively short, e.g., if it is designed as a guide ring (not explicitly shown in the drawings) and if a clearance is to be provided between the guide rod 167 and the guide pipe 168, a certain pivotability of these two guide elements 165 and 166 in the direction of the double arrow 125 can also be achieved, so that the two pressure plates 1 and 40 can perform at least small pivoting movements during the tensioning operation in this case as well.
The pivotability in the direction of the double arrow 126 is guaranteed by the two pivot bearings 155 and 141, the guide pipe 168 being pivotable around the pivot axis 156 of the pivot bearing 155. Other guide means of a similar design are also conceivable, such as those described as an example in
If coil springs whose unloaded initial length is greater than the tensioning travel of the tensioning device comprising the threaded pipe 2 and the threaded spindle 41 are to be tensioned with the above-described spring vice 120, an additional pretensioning means 175 is provided, whose essential components are shown as an example in
Thus, this pretensioning means 175 has a first tensioning plate 176, which is rigidly in connection in this exemplary embodiment with a support plate 180 via three support rods 177, 178 and 179. The support plate 180 has a central threaded hole 181, into which a pressing device in the form of a hydraulic cylinder 182 can be removably screwed. This hydraulic cylinder 182 has a corresponding external threaded section 183 at one of its ends for this purpose. In the area of this external threaded section 183, a piston rod 184 protrudes from the hydraulic cylinder, and this piston rod performs an adjusting movement in the direction of the arrow 185 on activation of the hydraulic cylinder 182. At its outer end, this piston rod 184 is likewise provided with an external threaded section 186, on which a second tensioning plate 187 can be screwed in a firmly seated manner.
This tensioning plate 187 is designed as a round disk in this exemplary embodiment and has a corresponding, central internal threaded section 188 for mounting on the piston rod 184.
During the operation, a coil spring to be tensioned is accommodated between this tensioning plate 187 and the first tensioning plate 176, and this coil spring is shortened upon activation of the hydraulic cylinder 182. The coil spring is in contact with the tensioning plate 187 with one of its end turns and with the tensioning plate 176 with its other end turn. To take up such an end turn in a centered manner, the tensioning plate 187 according to this exemplary embodiment has a centering disk 189, which can be removably connected with the tensioning plate 187 concentrically with the tensioning plate 187 by means of two mounting screws 190. This centering disk 189 is provided in this exemplary embodiment with a central centering dome 191, whose diameter is adapted to the diameter of the end turn of a coil spring to be tensioned, which said end turn is to be accommodated.
Different centering disks 189 with different centering domes 191 can be provided here for tensioning different coil springs, so that coil springs with end turns of different diameters can be accommodated in a centered manner by the tensioning plate 187. Furthermore, it can be recognized from
Furthermore, above the hollow 192 in its radially outer edge area, the tensioning plate 187 is provided with two internal threads, at which a marking plate 195 can be removably fastened by means of two mounting screws 196. In the mounted state, as this is shown in
To set a tensioning path that can be predetermined, this support rod 177 has a visible mark 198. This mark 198 determines the pretensioning path that must be traveled to pretension the coil spring to the extent that the spring vice 120 with its two pressure plates 1 and 40 as well as with a tensioning device comprising the threaded pipe 2 and the threaded spindle 41 can be inserted at the coil spring. After the coil spring has been pretensioned to the mark 198, the spring turns of the pretensioned coil spring are located at an axial distance from one another that permits the two pressure plates 1 and 40 to be inserted between two adjacent spring turns radially laterally from the outside. On the other hand, a sufficient number of spring turns can be accommodated between the two pressure plates 1 and 40 because of this pretensioning, and the axial distance between the pressure plates is just great enough for the threaded spindle 41 with its threaded section 84 to be able to be screwed into the threaded pipe 2 in the attached state. The coil spring can thus be tensioned completely “until blocking” by means of the spring vice 120 and, if necessary, with the support of the hydraulic cylinder 182. After this tensioning operation, the hydraulic cylinder 182 can be removed from the pretensioning means 175 together with the completely tensioned coil spring and subsequently installed in a motor vehicle.
To make it possible now to insert such a coil spring in the pretensioning means 175 in the correct angular alignment, the first tensioning plate 176 likewise has a centering dome 199, as this is shown in
This angular alignment in relation to the tensioning plate 176 is necessary for tensioning coil springs that are inserted in the motor vehicle in a bent shape. The spring vice 120 must be inserted now into the coil spring such that its guide elements, for example, 90 and 91. will be arranged on the outside of the curvature of the coil spring during the subsequent mounting of the coil spring in the motor vehicle.
If the coil spring has been inserted into the pretensioning means 175 and pretensioned correctly, the spring vice 120 with its two guide elements 90 and 91 is aligned such that, for example, these guide elements 90 and 91 will be arranged directly vertically under the upper support rod 177. The coil spring is tensioned completely “until blocking” in this attached state and subsequently inserted into the motor vehicle in an angular position predetermined by the end turn of the coil spring. If the coil spring has been aligned correctly in the pretensioning means 175 and the angle of the spring vice 120 with its two guide elements 90 and 91 has been aligned correctly with the outside of the curvature of the coil spring, there can be no collision in this angular position at the time of the subsequent release between the guide elements 90 and 91 and the coil spring, which is curved during the release operation.
To insert the threaded pipe 2 from
The second tensioning plate 187 is screwed in a fixed manner with its internal threaded section 188 on this external threaded section 186. Furthermore, the centering disk 189 is mounted in the hollow 192 of the tensioning plate 187 in a fixed manner by means of the two mounting screws 190. The centering dome 191 projects over the tensioning plate 187 and consequently also the piston rod 184 in the axial direction toward the first tensioning plate 176.
Furthermore, the marking plate 195 is mounted at the tensioning plate 187 in a fixed manner in the radially outer edge area of the tensioning plate 187 by means of the mounting screws 196. The upper support rod 177 is accommodated by the through hole 197 of the marking plate. This marking plate 195 is consequently also used to nonrotatably align the tensioning plate 187. When the hydraulic cylinder 182 is activated, the tensioning plate 187 moves together with the marking plate 195 in the direction of arrow 185, so that the marking plate 195 with its through hole 197 slides axially along the support rod 177.
As can also be seen in
It is easy to imagine that when the hydraulic cylinder 182 is activated, the second tensioning plate 187 is moved in the direction of arrow 185 until the second tensioning plate 187 with the centering dome 191 of its centering disk 189 engages the second end turn 231 of the coil spring 230. By activating the hydraulic cylinder 182 further, the coil spring 230 is now pretensioned, and the first pretensioning path is defined by the mark 198 of the upper support rod 177.
Both pressure plates 1 and 40 are aligned in this exemplary embodiment such that the two guide plates 90 and 91 are located directly below the upper support rod 177. The two guide means 90 and 91 are aligned correctly now for the subsequent installation in a motor vehicle in relation to the coil spring 230, which is inserted correctly between the two support plates 176 and 187.
As is also apparent from
If the threaded pipe 2 is seated correctly in the opening 3 of the pressure plate 1, as this can be recognized from
It can be recognized that the bearing housing 42 is pivotable in relation to the pressure plate 40, so that the spindle head 85 is accommodated correctly in the bearing housing 42 or in the support ring 44. The threaded spindle 41 is now actuated by rotation from this position shown in
This centering sleeve 220 is pushed by hand fittingly into the through hole 200 by its grip section 223 until the threaded hole fittingly receives the spindle head 85 with its centering hole 222. The wrench 207 from
The coil spring 230 is shortened more during the further tensioning operation, while the hydraulic cylinder 182 and the threaded spindle 41 are activated here at the same time. The bearing housing 42 is now displaced while the angular position of the pressure plate 40 changes at the same time in the direction of arrow 185, so that the centering sleeve 220 is pushed automatically out of the through hole 200 of the support plate 176 with increasing tensioning path in the direction of arrow 185. The centering sleeve 220 always continues to engage the spindle head 85 via its centering hole 222, so that the spindle head 85 always remains reliably concentric with the central longitudinal axis 201 of the through hole 200 or the complete pretensioning means 175 via this centering sleeve 220 during the complete tensioning operation.
The two guide plates 90 and 91 are likewise pivoted in the corresponding direction indicated by the two arrows 234 and 235 during the pivoting movement of the two pressure plates 1 and 40 due to the fact that the pitch of the spring turns 232 changes and becomes flatter during the tensioning operation until these guide plates extend in parallel to one another and lie flat on one another at the end of the tensioning operation.
Due to the pitch of the two tensioning surfaces 4 and 46 of the pressure plates 1 and 40, the two guide plates 90 and 91 extend essentially in parallel to one another and in parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the coil spring 203, which said central longitudinal axis is congruent with the central longitudinal axis 201 of the pretensioning means 175 in
After complete tensioning—by the simultaneous activation of the hydraulic cylinder 182 as well as of the threaded spindle 41—the hydraulic cylinder 182 is again released, so that the piston rod 184 is withdrawn against the arrow 185 and the “set” comprising the spring vice 120 and the coil spring 230 can be removed from the pretensioning means 175.
This “set” can subsequently be introduced into a motor vehicle between the axle body of the vehicle axle and the body and again released by actuating the threaded spindle 41. The spring vice 120 can be aligned with the upper spring mount of the body by means of the stop lever 205 from
The tensioning operation of an installed coil spring takes place correspondingly in a reverse order, the pretensioning means being used for the complete release here.
The set comprising the coil spring 230 and the spring vice 120 with the coil spring 230 tensioned completely is inserted into the pretensioning means 175 and slightly pretensioned by means of the hydraulic cylinder 182. The coil spring 230 can now be released by subsequently releasing both the hydraulic cylinder 182 and the threaded spindle 41 to the pretensioned position shown in
In the circumferential area of the two radial expansions 21, 22, the bearing ring 237 has two radially outwardly projecting bearing webs 238, which are located at right angles to the two hollows 23, 24 and diametrically opposite each other. The bearing ring 237 can be inserted with these bearing webs 238 into a through opening 239 of the pressure plate 1/1 ard can be caused to engage two depressions 240 and 241 located diametrically opposite each other in the edge area of the through opening 239. Thus, the two bearing webs 238 define, in cooperation with the depressions 240 and 241 of limited axial length of the through opening 239, a second pivot axis 242 extending at right angles to the pivot axis 28. Due to this design, the pressure plate 1/1 can be pivoted in any direction in relation to the threaded pipe 2 inserted into the bearing ring 237, as this is indicated by the two pivot arrows 253 and 254.
To secure the bearing ring 237 in the through opening 239, two securing screws 243 are likewise provided, just as in the bearing housing 42 from
A system for the absolutely secure tensioning of a coil spring, which is inserted into an extremely crowded space in a motor vehicle, is made available with the design of this system according to the present invention, but especially of the coil spring 120 shown completely in
It shall also be mentioned here that the pretensioning means 175 is not, of course, absolutely necessary in case of shorter coil springs.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application of the principles of the invention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE 103 61 597.0 | Dec 2003 | DE | national |
This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of German Application DE 103 61 597.0 filed Dec. 24, 2003, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
