Patent Application
20140021143
The present invention relates to a system for treating ballast water in ballast tanks onboard vessels and offshore constructions, said system comprising: one or more ballast tanks, a circulation pump capable of circulating or recirculating, via tubing, ballast water from and to the one or more ballast tanks; a gas supply unit connected to the tubing to the effect that gas, such as atmospheric air and/or inert gas, such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide, can be supplied to the ballast water; and one or more nozzle heads that are functionally connected to the tubing and is/are arranged in one or more ballast tanks, said one or more nozzle heads comprising at least one nozzle for injection of the gas-containing water into the one or more ballast tanks; a device configured for removing and/or killing live organisms present in the ballast water.
According to a further aspect of the invention, the method relates to the treatment of ballast water in ballast tanks as set forth in claims 13-16.
To uphold the stability of a ship independently of it carrying cargo or not, ships are provided with tanks that can be filled or emptied depending on the nature of the cargo. Such tanks are designated ballast tanks, and the water charged into them is designated ballast water.
When an empty ship or a ship partially carrying cargo leaves a port, ballast water has therefore been charged into the ballast tanks to uphold the stability and to adjust the buoyancy of the ship.
Almost always, such ballast water will contain live organisms. When the ships arrive at their destination, and when the ships are once again to take on a cargo, the ballast water is let out again. This discharge of ballast water may thus potentially introduce invasive species to the marine environment in the destination port, which means that the live organisms are moved from their natural habitat to a new biosphere. Those live organisms that are indigenous to another part of the world may be a threat to the local marine life and are therefore designated “biological pollution”. Every year, major tank vessels move billions of cubic meters of water with live organisms from one part of the world to another, and the tank vessels are thereby contributing factors in the introduction of hundreds of invasive marine species to new environments which is considered to be one of the world's largest environmental issues.
Some of the live organisms that are entrained with the ballast water into the ballast tanks along with pumped-in mud and other impurities deposit on the interior faces of the ballast tank and sediment at the bottom, and not all of such organisms are flushed out with the ballast water when the ballast tanks are emptied of ballast water. Consequently, there is likewise a need for regularly performing a cleaning of, in particular, the bottom of the ballast tank when it is not replete with ballast water.
Now, specific requirements have been drawn up by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) in respect of how few live organisms are allowed in the pumped-out ballast water, and the present invention aims at ensuring that those requirements are complied with.
In addition to said issues, there are also problems in respect of corrosion of the ballast tanks. The majority of the ships in the world's fleet are made of steel, including the ballast tanks of those ships, and when those tanks are exposed to oxygen, salt, as well as water from the ballast water, the ballast tanks will be subject to corrosion. Therefore comprehensive preventive measures are made to avoid both corrosion of the steel and extensive repairs of areas afflicted by corrosion.
Worldwide, there are moreover many costs involved in the preventive work and necessary repairs of corroded areas, and consequently many attempts are made, too, at solving that problem in various ways, is by treating the surfaces with paint and by anodic protection.
It is known to keep ballast tanks free from microorganisms and to avoid corrosion by reducing the concentration of oxygen by supplying nitrogen gas to the ballast water and hence make the environment in the ballast tank poor in oxygen and hence minimise the presence of microorganisms and aerobic bacteria while simultaneously avoiding corrosion of the ballast tanks.
US 20030205136 discloses a system and a method of treating ballast water while simultaneously preventing corrosion. A nitrogen source produces nitrogen gas which may be pumped directly or via a venturi injector into the ballast water. Water is pumped through the injector to the effect that the water comes into contact with the nitrogen gas. The injector will generate a lot of small bubbles in the nitrogen-containing water, and the oxygen in the ballast water will be dissolved in the small bubbles of nitrogen gas.
The water and the many small bubbles are pumped from injector and into the ballast tank where the small bubbles rise to the surface, and the oxygen is released.
The problem associated with the prior art is that the nitrogen generator is coupled to the existing ballast pumping system, and that the system is consequently limited by the capacity and performance of the ballast pump and the tubing systems.
It is the object of the present invention to provide a more efficient treatment of the water in ballast tanks in that the system comprises: one or more ballast tanks, a circulation pump capable of circulating or recirculating, via a tubing, ballast water from and to the one or more ballast tanks; a recirculation system (20) supplements the conventional ballast pumping system (10) the ballast water is pumped, by means of the recirculation pump (22), from a ballast tank via return pipes (23) to return pipes (24) and back to the ballast tank (1) via a feeder pipe (25) and distribution pipes 26; a gas supply unit connected to the tubing to the effect that gas, such as atmospheric air and/or inert gas, such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide, can be supplied to the ballast water; and one or more nozzle heads that are functionally connected to the tubing and is/are arranged in one or more ballast tanks, said one or more nozzle heads comprising at least one nozzle for injection of the gas-containing water into the one or more ballast tanks; a device configured for removing and/or killing live organisms present in the ballast water.
It is a further advantage of this invention that the treatment time in the tank is longer and hence more effective, and that a system is also used which inhibits corrosion.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the device relates to a means for supplying heat to the ballast water.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the device comprises at least one heat exchanger.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the at least one heat exchanger cools the treated ballast water by exchanging heat on the circulation pipe to and from the means for supplying heat to the ballast water.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the device comprises at least two heat exchangers, wherein the means for supplying heat is constituted by a heat exchanger.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the circulation pipe between the means for supplying heat to the ballast water and the heat exchanger for cooling the ballast water is functionally coupled to a dwell-time increaser.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the gas supply unit comprises a pump.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the gas supply unit comprises at least two units for supplying gas to the ballast water, such as a pump capable of oxygenating the ballast water and/or stirring the ballast water in a ballast tank and an inert-gas generator capable of deoxygenating the ballast water, respectively.
According to an embodiment of the invention one or more nozzle heads is/are arranged in a lower zone of the ballast tank in the part of the ballast tank where inflow of ballast water takes place.
The present invention further relates to a method for treating ballast water in ballast tanks, wherein said method comprises the measures: that ballast water is pumped into the ballast tank by means of a ballast pump; that ballast water is circulated in a circulation system by means of a recirculation pump; that inert gas such as nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide is supplied to the ballast water in the recirculation system via a gas supply unit; that the gas-containing water is injected into a ballast tank via one or more nozzles; that the ballast water is circulated through a device which is connected functionally to the recirculation system in order to remove and/or kill live organisms.
An embodiment of the invention comprises the measure that the ballast water is circulated through a heat exchanger to absorb heat from previously heated ballast water; that heat is supplied to the ballast water from a heat source via a means for supplying heat; that the flow rate of the ballast water is reduced by a dwell-time increaser to the effect that the period during which the heat treatment of the ballast water takes place is increased; that the ballast water is cooled by travelling through a heat exchanger. An embodiment of the method according to the invention comprises the measures that the supply of inert gas is interrupted; that gas is pumped to the ballast water via the gas supply unit and/or the pump to the effect that the ballast water is oxidized before the ballast water is discharged into the aquatic environment at the destination.
An embodiment of the invention comprises the measures that the supply of inert gas is interrupted; that atmospheric air is pumped to the ballast water, via the gas supply unit and/or the pump, to the effect that the ballast water is oxidized before the ballast water is discharged into the aquatic environment at the destination.
An embodiment of the invention comprises the measures that, by means of a ballast water pump, ballast water is pumped into the ballast tank; that ballast water is recirculated by means of a recirculation pump in a recirculation system; that atmospheric air is supplied to the ballast water in the recirculation system via the gas supply unit; that the gas-containing water is injected into a ballast tank via one or more nozzles; that the ballast water is circulated through a device which is connected functionally to the recirculation system in order to remove and/or kill live organisms.
According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, it comprises at least one nozzle configured for powered rotation about both a first and a second axis which is perpendicular or not perpendicular to the first axis to the effect that a three-dimensional mixer pattern is produced.
Hereby it is obtained that the jets can reach into larger areas of the tank area which yields a faster and more effective mixture of the injected gas and the ballast water.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, it comprises one or more nozzle heads that are arranged flush with the interior bracing/bulkhead of the ballast tank.
Thereby it is obtained that the jets are capable of reaching all areas of the ballast tank which yields a more efficient distribution of the deoxidized water, while simultaneously ensuring optimal cleaning of the surfaces and bottom of the ballast tank.
According to an embodiment of the invention, it comprises two or more nozzle heads arranged in one or more rows, wherein the one or more row(s) extend(s) transversally to the predominant flow direction of the ballast water when it runs into and through the ballast tanks. Additionally, the arrangement takes place in the lower zone of the ballast tank.
Thereby it is obtained that a lead front of deoxidized water is created, and that the lead front moves through the ballast tank, the water being treated continuously.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the nitrogen or carbon dioxide generator comprises tubings coupled to the tubing system of the ballast water after the ballast pumps, on the delivery side, whereby the generator is also capable of supplying nitrogen or carbon dioxide to the ballast water, round the nozzles.
According to an embodiment of the invention, it relates to a vessel, wherein one ballast tank comprises one or more nozzle heads to the effect that the treatment of ballast water takes place in one ballast tank.
According to an embodiment of the invention, two or more ballast tanks comprise one or more nozzle heads to the effect that the treatment of ballast water takes place concurrently in several ballast tanks.
This solution is an easy one to establish in existing ships and offshore constructions.
According to an embodiment of the vessel comprising a system according to the invention, at least one ballast tank comprises several recirculation systems, wherein the return and feeder pipes of the recirculation systems are associated with nozzle heads, wherein the return and feeder pipes are arranged successively in the flow direction of the ballast tank.
The present invention further relates to a method comprising the measure that the nitrogen or carbon dioxide-containing water is injected into a ballast tank via a nozzle head with rotating nozzles.
The nozzle head with rotating nozzles optimises the mixing process and distributes the injected water far better than the hitherto known methods.
An embodiment of the invention comprises the measure that the treated ballast water is conveyed from a first ballast tank to the remaining ballast tanks.
Hereby the efficiently cleaned ballast water is passed on, and thereby the treated ballast water is caused to reach to all corners of a ballast tank, and therefore it is avoided that remote areas of the ballast tank contain ballast water that is not treated.
A further embodiment of the method according to the invention comprises the measure that inert gas is supplied to the ballast tanks for periods of time or at intervals to uphold an oxygen-poor environment in the ballast tanks.
This is particularly advantageous when a ballast tank is emptied in order to uphold the oxygen-poor environment.
In an embodiment of the method according to the invention, the method comprises the following successive steps: that the nitrogen- or carbon dioxide-containing water is sprayed into a ballast tank via a nozzle head with rotating nozzles; that the treated ballast water is conveyed from a first ballast tank to the remaining ballast tanks; that nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide can be supplied to the ballast tanks for periods of time or at intervals to uphold an oxygen-poor environment in the ballast tanks.
According to an embodiment, the method comprises that the nitrogen- or carbon dioxide-containing water is sprayed into several or all of the ballast tanks concurrently via nozzle heads with rotating nozzles.
This ensures an improved and faster treatment of the water.
An embodiment of the method according to the invention comprises the steps: that the ballast tanks are emptied to a level below the nozzle heads; that liquid is pumped in, through the nozzles, whereby the interior faces of the ballast tank are high-pressure water blasted. By the system also being capable of cleaning the ballast tanks, efficient sludge and sediment control is accomplished by use of a minimum of technical means.
The term “vessel” is to be construed as comprising ships, submarines, offshore structures and man-made constructions for use at sea.
The term “nozzle head” is to be construed such that one single or several nozzles can be arranged thereon, irrespective of whether or not the nozzles are rotating.
Other embodiments of the invention will appear from the dependent claims.
In the following, the invention will be described in further detail with reference to the figures/drawing showing an embodiment of the system according to the invention.
The system 10 may serve both to supply and to discharge ballast water to and from the ballast tanks 1.
The ballast water is pumped, by means of the recirculation pump 22, from a ballast tank 1 via return pipes 23 to return pipes 24 and back to the ballast tank 1 via the feeder pipe 25 and the distribution pipes 26.
It is an advantage by the treatment of the ballast water in the ballast tank rather than in the pipe feeder line of the ballast pump while the ballast water is on its way into the ballast tank that it is possible to remove the oxygen in the water to a far lower level. The treatment time is longer and hence more efficient.
Consequently, due to the conditions with lower oxygen content, the undesired micro-organisms are killed faster and more efficiently. Moreover, the recirculation system is an independent system that is not limited by the ballast pump and the associated tubing system.
Therefore the recirculation system may use a recirculation pump capable of running at a higher pressure than the ballast pump, whereby the solubility of the gas takes place more efficiently. Moreover, the bubble size of the gas will be smaller at a higher pressure which will further enhance the process, since the surface area and hence the treatment surface of the gas will be larger, and, also, the bubbles will stay afloat for a longer period of time in the ballast water.
The system also comprises a gas supply unit 21, such as a nitrogen generator, which is connected to a feeder pipe 25 on the delivery side, after the recirculation pump 22. The feeder pipe 25 conveys the recirculated, nitrogen-containing ballast water back into the ballast tanks 1. It takes place via a distribution pipe 26 conveying the water into each ballast tank. The distribution pipe 26 is, in the shown embodiment, further divided between two branch pipes 27 to which nozzle heads 28 are associated.
The nozzle heads 28 may comprise nozzles of the type fixed nozzles or nozzles configured for powered rotation about a first axis or nozzles configured for powered rotation about both a first and a second axis which is perpendicular or not perpendicular to the first axis to the effect that a two- or three-dimensional mixer pattern is formed, or a combination of nozzle heads with both one or more fixed nozzles and/or one or more rotating nozzles.
The nitrogen generator can be combined with or substituted by a carbon dioxide generator, and when, in the text above or below, reference is made to either nitrogen or carbon dioxide, it is not to be understood unequivocally since the one type of gas may replace the other. Also, the text refers to inert gas; that is not to be construed narrowly, as the phrase “inert gas” as used in this text means that the gas composition can be eg nitrogen, azote, or argon. It could also be some other gas or gas mixture in a ratio and concentration where bubbles from the gasses would be able to wash out so much oxygen from the ballast tanks that organisms present therein are killed.
The recirculation system 20 comprises a suitable number of valves 29.
In the ballast tanks 1, a flow direction is formed from the coupling of the distribution pipes 5 at the inlet 32 of ballast water into the ballast tank towards the opposite end of the ballast tank.
In
This means that the location of the nozzle head takes the flow direction in the tank into consideration in order to thereby obtain a more efficient treatment of the water.
Ballast tanks may be of varying configurations; eg the ballast tanks may be L-shaped, as shown in
The number of nozzle heads 28 in a ballast tank 1 may vary in response to the configuration of the ballast tanks as well as to their size.
The gas-containing bubbles that are formed by the injection of the nitrogen gas via the nozzles will inherently seek upwards in a ballast tank. Irrespective of the configuration of a ballast tank, the nozzle heads should therefore optimally be arranged in the lower zone of the tank.
From
According to one embodiment, the valve 33 may ensure a pressure slightly above that of the atmosphere in the ballast tank by means of an ongoing supply of nitrogen to the water in the ballast tank. Thereby it is prevented that atmospheric air containing oxygen enters into the ballast tank.
According to an aspect of the invention, inert gas, nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide may be supplied to the ballast water in the water supply pipe between the ballast pump and the ballast tank, on the delivery side of the ballast pump, via the gas supply unit.
According to a further aspect of the invention, as illustrated in
Thereby a lead front zone of treated ballast water is formed from one row to the next one, wherein zones of ballast water are treated onwards through the ballast tank in the flow direction. The front zone which is designated by an arrow in
Such treatment is made even more efficient in having a number of minor recirculation systems coupled to the same ballast tank 1, see
Thereby the surrounding ballast water for each row of nozzle heads 28 in the ballast tank will, in the flow direction, be subject to further treatment in the next row of nozzle heads 28.
Thus each single minor recirculation system will further treat the ballast water from the preceding recirculation system which will thereby enhance the deoxidization in the front zone 35 of the ballast water.
By the system shown in
In case ballast water is treated concurrently in two tanks, and that ballast water is pumped on to the remaining ballast tanks via the ballast pumps, it is possible, in that case, to supply further nitrogen during passage from the one ballast tank to the other.
In the treatment of the ballast water and in order to optionally uphold an oxygen-poor or oxygen-free environment in the ballast water, nitrogen is added to the ballast tanks for periods of time or at fixed intervals, if necessary. The supply of nitrogen may take place directly to the ballast water in the ballast tanks via tubing 31 between nitrogen generator 21 and the ballast tanks 1 or via the recirculation system 20.
The periodic supply of nitrogen to the water in the ballast tank may likewise ensure that atmospheric air containing oxygen does not penetrate into the ballast tank.
Likewise, according to an embodiment, a device 37 may be integrated into the recirculation system 20 which is to ensure a convenient treatment with ozone, UV irradiation or the like, to the effect that it is possible to tailor the kind of treatment to a given situation which may occur in the future.
Thus, the device 37 is a means for removing and/or killing live organisms. The organisms present in the ballast water are killed, eg by heat treatment, chemical means, or irradiation.
The integrated device may, in one embodiment, comprise a unit that further sterilises the water by means of heat. In the embodiment shown in
Thus,
The ballast water in the recirculation system 20 first passes through the heat exchanger (41) that cools the treated ballast water by exchanging heat on the circulation pipe to and from a means for supplying heat (40) to the ballast water. The means for supplying heat to the ballast water may be a heat exchanger or other kind of heat source. Typically that heat comes from the principal engine of the ship (not shown), but, of course, the heat may also be supplied from some other energy source.
The recirculation tube between the means for supplying heat (40) to the ballast water and the heat exchanger (41) for cooling the ballast water is coupled functionally to a dwell-time increaser (42).
When the ballast water has passed through the means for supplying heat (40), the ballast water runs through a section 42, before it leaves the device 37 via the primary heat exchanger 41.
The purpose of the section 42 is to increase the time during which the water has a high temperature, ie to increase the time elapsing from the water leaves the second heat exchanger 40 and until it runs into the primary heat exchanger. The section will thus be designated the dwell-time increaser in the following. The purpose of the dwell-time increaser is to increase the time during which sterilisation by means of heat takes place. The dwell-time increaser 42 may, in a simple embodiment, merely comprise tubes with an increased diameter, since the throughput rate in that tube will thereby be decreased. The dwell-time increaser may also be constituted by a tank/vessel of eg about 0.3 m3.
The capacity of 0.3 m3 was selected on the basis of an example wherein the flow through the heat exchangers is 125 m3/hour. That volume will bring about a dwell time of about 10 seconds, cf: 125 m3/3600 s×10 s=0.3 m3.
In the shown example the water has, when it leaves the ballast tank, a temperature of about 20° C. After having passed the circulation pump 22, the water is heated to a temperature of about 80° in the primary heat exchanger 41, following which it is heated further by about 5 degrees in the second heat exchanger 40 before it passes through the dwell-time increaser 42. Then the water leaves the device 37 via the primary heat exchanger. In the shown example, it takes place at a temperature of about 25° C.
Obviously the dwell time may be varied by changing the flow and/or the throughput rate, and the about 10 seconds are not always the optimal time either, but experience has shown that a dwell time of about 10 seconds at 85° C., like in the shown example, has a good sterilising effect.
According to one embodiment the dwell-time increaser has a volume of 0.2-0.4 m3.
By including a heat exchanger as shown, the temperature of the water in the ballast tanks is also raised. The temperature on the outside of the ballast tanks (on the outside of the vessel) being thereby typically lower than that of the heated ballast water, the difference in temperature between the ballast water and the walls of the ballast tank will contribute to the formation of internal circulation patterns in the ballast tanks between the internal structures thereof. This increases the overall effect of the treatment of the ballast water.
In the exemplary embodiment explained above, comparatively narrow temperature intervals and time periods are employed. Of course, the invention is not restricted to said intervals or temperatures as they can be varied within the ordinary activities of the person skilled in the art.
The device 37 is, as described above, configured so as not to supply too hot ballast water to the ballast tanks. Thereby its overall energy requirements are reduced.
However, during wintertime it occurs that ships that are eg to be charged with oil in Russia are exposed to extremely cold conditions. This is due to the fact that the oil does not arrive via pipelines; rather they are carried to the ships by means of trucks or trains. Thereby the oil will typically have the same temperature as the air, which means that it will be as low as to below 40° C. This circumstance gives rise to a problem, the ships being most often designed such that the steel thereof does not exhibit brittleness at temperatures as low as approximately −10° C. Consequently, it is often impossible to load eg oil which is very cold. By the invention it is realised that it is possible to design the device 37 such that it is also capable of heating the ballast water and hence to eliminate the drawbacks experienced in the context of the cold oil. This is provided by a bypass conduit 43 extending from a conduit point between the means for supplying heat to the ballast water and the heat exchanger 41 and to a conduit point between the heat exchanger 41 and the ballast tank. By completely or partially bypassing the heat exchanger 41 as described above, it is thus possible to regulate the temperature of the ballast water. In the context of a dwell-time increaser 42, it is possible, of course, to locate the bypass conduit 43 both before and/or after same.
Of course, this invention may function both dependently and independently of the other inventions described in this application, and consequently the invention may be subject to an independent application at a later point in time.
The gas supply unit 21 may comprise a generator and/or a pump. Thereby it is possible to supply gas to the recirculation system 20, such as atmospheric air. By supplying atmospheric air, it is possible to oxidize ballast eg before the ballast tanks are emptied of ballast water to the effect that the discharge protects the aquatic environment at the destination.
When gas-containing water is supplied to the ballast water in a ballast tank via a nozzle a lot of air bubbles of varying sizes, both micro-air bubbles and larger air bubbles, are generated. Those air bubbles move at different rates through the ballast tank and thus jointly form a movement pattern in the ballast water to the effect that the ballast water is stirred efficiently.
Such stirring of the ballast water increases the effect of the treatment of the ballast water. Irrespective of whether the treatment takes place by deoxidization of the ballast water or via the device 37.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the treatment of the ballast water thus comprises the following measures that, by means of a ballast water pump, ballast water is pumped into the ballast tank; that ballast water is recirculated by means of a recirculation pump in a recirculation system: that atmospheric air is supplied to the ballast water in the recirculation system between the circulation pump and the ballast tank on the delivery side of the ballast pump, via the gas supply unit (21); that the gas-containing water is injected into a ballast tank via one or more nozzles; that the ballast water is circulated through a device (37) which is functionally connected to the recirculation system between the circulation pump and the ballast tank in order to remove and/or kill live organisms.
A device 37 as described above having two heat exchangers may function independently in a plant for treating ballast water and is not functionally dependent on the units and other inventions described in the present application. Albeit—as explained above—there may be a synergy between the use of the device and other ones of the described inventions, it is, however, an option to use it in parallel or in series with any one of the other sterilisation methods described and set forth in the present application.
Moreover, the device may operate independently of or in any combination with the remaining sterilisation methods described and set forth in this application, and those aspects may be subject to independent applications.
According to a convenient embodiment, the nozzle heads 28 may be arranged flush with the internal structures/bulkheads 36 of the ballast tank in openings 38 in the bulkheads 36 of the ballast tanks as will appear from
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PA 2011 70108 | Mar 2011 | DK | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DK12/50068 | 3/5/2012 | WO | 00 | 10/7/2013 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/DK2012/050038 | Jan 2012 | US |
| Child | 14002349 | US |
