1. Technical Field
The present invention relates in general to offshore drilling rig riser tensioners and, in particular, to an improved system, method, and apparatus for corrosion-resistant riser tensioner cylinder rods having an outer sleeve retained with an annular layer of epoxy.
2. Description of the Related Art
Some types of offshore drilling rigs utilize “push-up” or “pull-up” type riser tensioners. The riser tensioner incorporates cylinder rods to maintain tension on the riser. The cylinder rods are subjected to a very corrosive environment caused by exposure to drilling muds, completion fluids, and general offshore environments. As a result, the rods currently being used are made from either a solid nickel-based alloy or a laser-clad cobalt-based layer that is applied to a steel alloy rod. Both of these current rod options are expensive and, in the case of cladding, result in long lead times with multiple process requirements in geographically remote locations. Consequently, there is a higher probability for damaged parts and scrap or scrappage. Thus, an improved design for riser tensioner cylinder rods would be desirable.
One embodiment of a system, method, and apparatus for improving the cylinder rods for riser tensioners. The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art by placing a thin tube or pipe over a pre-machined steel alloy rod. The tube is formed from a corrosion-resistant alloy and is bonded to the rod with, e.g., a thin layer of epoxy. This design results in a much lower manufacturing cost (approximately one-third less than current technology) and shorter manufacturing lead times. The manufacturing process for installing the sleeve requires injection and curing of the epoxy between the pipe and rod.
In one embodiment, the rod is machined with threaded end connections that serve to ultimately connect the rod assembly to the piston and rod extension of the cylinder assembly. The tubing is slid over the outer diameter of the rod and temporarily connected with two end connectors that center the tubing on the rod. The connectors also act as ports for injecting the epoxy which is pumped into the annular space on one end. The excess epoxy exits the opposite end and the retained epoxy is cured. The end connectors are then removed and the assembled part is ground to a final outer diameter before installation. The piston is connected and the rod clevis is made up to the cylinder rod and utilizes a double seal arrangement that prevents external pressure or corrosive fluids from entering the cured epoxy in the annular space. Advantageously, this process eliminates straightness and warping issues that commonly occur with prior art cladding operations.
The foregoing and other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art, in view of the following detailed description of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the appended claims and the accompanying drawings.
So that the manner in which the features and advantages of the invention, as well as others which will become apparent are attained and can be understood in more detail, more particular description of the invention briefly summarized above may be had by reference to the embodiment thereof which is illustrated in the appended drawings, which drawings form a part of this specification. It is to be noted, however, that the drawings illustrate only an embodiment of the invention and therefore are not to be considered limiting of its scope as the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
Referring to
A riser 12 extends downwardly from a platform 14 to a subsea wellhead (not shown). Riser 12 has a longitudinal axis 16 and is surrounded by a plurality of hydraulic cylinders 18. Each hydraulic cylinder 18 has a cylinder housing 24 having a chamber (not shown). A piston rod 26 has a rod end 28 that extends downward from each cylinder housing 24 and hydraulic cylinder 18. The piston ends of rods 26 opposite rod ends 28 are disposed within the respective chambers (not shown) of cylinder housings 24. Hydraulic fluid (not shown) is contained within the housing 24 for pulling piston rods 26 upward. Each hydraulic cylinder 18 also has accumulator 30 for accumulating hydraulic fluid from hydraulic cylinder 18 and for maintaining high pressure on the hydraulic fluid. A riser collar 32 rigidly connects to riser 12. The piston rods 26 attach to riser collar 32 at the rod ends 28. Cylinder shackles 34 rigidly connect cylinder housings 24 to platform 14.
In operation, the riser tensioning mechanism 10 pulls upward on riser 12 to maintain tension therein. Riser collar 32 connects to riser 12 and engages riser 12 below platform 14 and cylinder receiver 18. Hydraulic fluid pressure is applied to hydraulic cylinders 18 so that riser 12 is maintained in constant tension. Riser collar 32 supports the weight of riser 12 in order to create a tensional force in riser 12. Hydraulic cylinders 18 automatically adjust to changes in platform 14 position to allow for relative movement between riser 12 and platform 14. In the event of a failure in one of the four hydraulic cylinders 18, the remaining hydraulic cylinders 18 will continue to support riser 12 in tension without excessive bending moments being applied to the hydraulic cylinders 18.
Referring now to
As described above, piston rod 26 has axis 20 and includes a threaded rod end 28 for coupling with riser collar 32, and a piston end 70 that locates in and moves axially relative to cylinder housing 24. Piston rod 26 also comprises a solid shank 72 that extends and is located between ends 28, 70. Piston rod 26 is formed from a pre-machined steel alloy, such as commonly available inexpensive steel alloys that are not corrosion resistant.
In one embodiment, the outer surface of shank 72 is enveloped by and protected with a thin, corrosion-resistant material covering 74. In one embodiment, it is only shank 72 that is covered by covering 74. Covering 74 may have a radial thickness 76 in a range on the order of 0.005 to 1.0 inches. The covering 74 itself may comprise many different forms including a tube, pipe, coating, or still other suitable coverings for protecting piston rod 26 from corrosion.
A layer of adhesive 75 is located between covering 74 and shank 72. Adhesive 75, which may comprise epoxy or other bonding agents has a radial thickness 77 in a range on the order of approximately 0.0025 to 0.5 inches. The layer of epoxy serves to bond the sleeve to the outer diameter of the rod, and also to support or “back up” the thin sleeve from collapse due to external pressure while the rod translates in and out of the cylinder assembly under pressure.
One embodiment of a method for joining covering 74 to piston rod 26 is depicted in
A set of end connectors 81, 83 are threadingly secured to the ends 28, 70 of piston rod 26. The annulus between tube 74 and shank 72 is sealed by end connectors 81, 83 at each end of piston rod 26. The end connectors 81, 83 serve to center the tube 74 relative to rod 26 and are provided with inlet and exit ports 85, 87, respectively. The inlet and exit ports 85, 87 are axially aligned with exterior tapers 89 formed between shank 72 and ends 28, 70 to provide fluid communication with the annulus.
In one embodiment, the annulus is pressurized via inlet port 85 with adhesive 75 which is pumped through the annulus before being released at exit port 87. The annulus is pressurized and/or metered with adhesive 75 to completely fill the annulus volume and remove all air pockets.
Alternatively, a vacuum may be formed between ports 85, 87 to evacuate the annulus and pull the adhesive through the annulus. The adhesive 75 is cured after annulus has been filled, and the end connectors 81, 83 are removed. Any necessary trimming of tube 74 is performed and the exterior surface of tube 74 is ground to a desired surface finish and outer diameter. The part may be ground between centers located at each end of the structural steel rod and following this operation is ready to be assembled into the cylinder. The piston is connected and the rod clevis is made up to the cylinder rod and utilizes a double seal arrangement that prevents external pressure or corrosive fluids from entering the cured epoxy in the annular space.
While the invention has been shown or described in only some of its forms, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited, but is susceptible to various changes without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, although this embodiment is described with tubing only covering the shank, other embodiments may require greater or lesser surface coverage of the structural steel member.
This application is a continuation-in-part of and claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/226,573 filed Sep. 14, 2005, entitled System, Method, and Apparatus for a Corrosion-Resistant Sleeve for Riser Tensioner Cylinder Rod, which is incorporated herein by reference.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20100183376 A1 | Jul 2010 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 11732320 | Apr 2007 | US |
Child | 12750415 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 11226573 | Sep 2005 | US |
Child | 11732320 | US |