Patent Application
20190147137
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A portion of the disclosure of this patent document may contain material which is subject to copyright protection. This patent document may show and/or describe matter which is or may become trade dress of the owner. The copyright and trade dress owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by any one of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyrights and trade dress rights whatsoever.
The disclosed subject matter relates generally to electronic medical records platforms, and more particularly, to a system, method, and apparatus for universally accessible personal medical records.
For years, politicians and medical professionals have recognized the need to computerize health records so as to avoid dangerous medical mistakes, reduce costs, and improve health care. In fact, in 2004, U.S. politicians called for a modernization of American health care wherein within ten years every patient should have an electronic medical record (EMR) or electronic health record (EHR).
Unfortunately, over ten years later few patients have seen these promises come to pass. Intransigent issues such as interoperability and cost of implementation have prevented high-quality EMR architecture from taking hold and bringing about the benefits many see as possible.
Many presently-available poor substitutes for this vision, faulty EMR products and systems, force physicians to spend two hours performing “administrative” tasks for every hour spent providing patient care. This frustrating situation has resulted, unsurprisingly, in epidemic physician burnout and an unwillingness to adopt EMR systems.
Furthermore, not only are presently-available EMR products and systems cumbersome and unmanageable, they are also egregiously expensive for both medical professionals and insurance companies. The cost to medical institutions to implement, maintain, upgrade, and monitor these systems is not unjustifiably high and on the rise. And, some experts estimate that mistakes within these EMR systems cost insurance companies billions annually in double testing, file storage, and mismatched medical records.
What is needed therefore is an alternate EMR architecture: a QR-code enabled universal patient ID attached to an electronic medical file, backed up using secure techniques, that the patient populates and controls. Such a solution could also serve as an individual's social security number. This “Personal Medical Record” (PMR) could be assigned at birth or anytime during a person's life, and provide a longitudinal unified medical record used to glean genetic and genomic information. And, because such a system would be designed to run on any computer platform, it could solve EMR's interoperational problems. In so doing, the system would reduce the physician's administrative burdens, benefitting both physicians and patients. Such a system would also save insurance companies great sums of money. Yet, such a system's cost would be negligible compared to current solutions.
Attempts to meet these needs have been made with varying degrees of effectiveness. For example, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0332283, incorporated by reference herein it its entirety, discloses a healthcare transaction verification system and method that utilizes blockchain databases. While systems that utilize blockchain technology offer unparalleled data security, this disclosure fails to provide a scannable barcode option or other quick-access portal to utilize the protected information.
Another attempt can be seen in the disclosure of U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017/0149560, incorporated by reference in its entirety herein, which generally discloses an electronic records system and method that utilizes blockchain technology and that provides for matrix barcode authentication login. Yet, this disclosure falls short as well. By not sufficiently providing for an adequate translation mechanism, such a disclosure could be of little use in a foreign country.
Another example is U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017/0039330, incorporated by reference in its entirety herein, which generally discloses another blockchain-based electronic medical records system and method. Similar to the above, this disclosure fails to provide quick and secure access to the patient's electronic medical records through a scannable barcode portal.
As can be seen, a need exists for a system, method, and apparatus for universally accessible personal medical records, in some embodiments linked to matrix barcodes as private keys, that provides universal, secure access to the patient-specific data anywhere in the world.
The present disclosure is directed to a system, method, and apparatus for universally accessible personal medical records that, in some embodiments, provides for secure, territory-independent, provider-independent access to patient-specific data, such as but not limited to a patient's medical records. It is an object of the present invention to meet the need for a QR-code enabled universal patient ID attached to an electronic medical file that is backed up using secure techniques, that the patient populates and controls, and that may, in some embodiments, serve as an individual's social security number.
The Personal Medical Record (“PMR”) of the present invention may comprise, in some embodiments, a cradle-to-grave secure “vault” in the cloud individually connected to the owner/patient to which the patient or authorized user (such as a parent or guardian) may have instant access, and that the patient/authorized user may populate with the patient's medical records or other pertinent information. In some embodiments, the PMR may be provided to every baby born, or may be assigned to an individual at any time in the person's life or after their death. In some embodiments, the PMR may be assigned to civilians, members of the armed forces, the government (ex. The Department of Defense), or veterans (such as at the Department of Veterans Affairs or “VA”).
In some embodiments, access to the PMR may be by a matching specific QR Code. The QR code may be available on a mobile phone and a backup printed on a plastic card-MedicalPassport (size of a credit card). The QR code may also serve as a universal Patient ID. Since smartphones can scan the QR code globally, the present invention may be available anywhere in the world, in any language, and at any time, thus potentially providing accurate medical history anywhere in the world anytime and in any language.
The present invention, in some embodiments, may comprise a decentralized electronic database distributed across various computers, or “nodes.” The decentralized database may securely store and transmit personal medical records (“PMRs”) between computers, other electronic devices, or nodes. The present invention may use data matrix codes (or quick response “QR” codes) as private keys that “unlock” or decrypt a PMR when a user scans the QR code.
In some embodiments, a node may be any suitable electronic device, such as but not limited to a server, a mobile device, or desktop computer, that is linked to one or more networks provided by the present invention and that can perform the functions of the present invention, such as storing, linking (or “chaining”), encrypting, decrypting, and transmitting PMRs. Each node may be configured to independently and automatically verify, update, link, and store each personal medical record in the personal medical record chain (“PMR chain”).
Generally, a PMR may comprise, at least, storage information and patient-specific data. In some embodiments, patient-specific data may resemble an electronic dossier that the patient can manage and control. The PMR may contain a complete copy of the patient's electronic medical record, including but not limited to medical history, charts, labs, imagery, healthcare provider notes and diagnosis. A PMR may also contain anything the patient deems pertinent to the patient's medical care, such as but not limited to online articles or the patient's own notes on how certain medications made the patient feel, and so forth. Storage information may comprise details about the PMR, such as its date and time of creation, its link to a previous PMR, and instructions for the next PMR's connection to the present PMR. In some embodiments, one or more elements of storage information may be recorded as a cryptographic hash.
Each PMR may be an immutable record stored in a duplicate copy across all nodes. Instead of known solutions that place the patient's file in medical personnel hands, the present invention may allow the patient to control when a new PMR is created. In other embodiments, the present invention may provide that a new PMR may be automatically created whenever the PMR is accessed or changed. In both scenarios, the new, updated PMR may be linked to the patient's previous PMR in the decentralized electronic database and stored on all the nodes as part of the patient's PMR chain.
In some embodiments, the QR code of the present invention may unlock 1) the private key or password for a PMR, 2) an individual's social security number, and 3) Universal Patient Identification Number (“Universal Patient ID” or simply “Patient ID”). Additionally, in some embodiments, the QR code may itself be or substitute for an individual's social security number. Such functionality is contemplated to provide more security against identify theft than known solutions. In some embodiments, a user may download one copy of the QR code and use a single application to display the QR code on a device's screen. Using the device's settings, the user may select whether, when the QR code is scanned, the device displays, unlocks, and/or transmits the user's social security number, their Patient ID, and/or PMR. In some embodiments, the present invention may store an identical QR code in more than one location on the device and use more than one application to display the QR code on the device's screen, so that each application utilizes the QR code for only one of the user's social security number, their Patient ID, or PMR. Thus, in such an embodiment, the user controls the QR code's function by selecting an application, rather than by relying on a settings choice. For purposes of the present disclosure, unless otherwise indicated, the QR code is presumed to be used with respect to the PMR function.
In some embodiments, a person may be assigned a QR code and associated social security number, PMR, and Patient ID at birth. In some embodiments, a person may be assigned a QR code and associated social security number, PMR, and Patient ID at any time during the patient's life or after the patient's death.
Patients, in some embodiments, may manage their own PMR. It is contemplated that, generally, an authorized user (the patient or the patient's guardian, if the patient is a minor) may control and manage the patient's PMR. In some embodiments, however, medical professionals or institutions may upload, create, or manage a patient's PMR. Furthermore, in some embodiments, both the patient and the medical professional or institution may upload, create, and manage the patient's PMR. And in still other embodiments, patients may determine if, how, and when a medical professional or institution may upload, create, and manage the patient's PMR, such as for example by turning access on or off. Examples of instances where a person or entity other than the patient may control or manage the PMR might include scenarios wherein the patient has diminished cognition or has lost capacity.
One exemplary sequence involving a PMR might begin with a patient's doctor visit, wherein the patient might be sent for tests, laboratory or imaging. When the results come back to the doctor, the doctor may, and in some embodiments must, send the patients the results along with the doctor's diagnosis and accompanying instructions via e-mail. When the patient receives the information, the present invention may also provide an opportunity to learn about the diagnosis via links to internet information. In some embodiments, the patient may be able to simply forward the email and/or the information to the patient's PMR. Because, in some embodiments, the PMR may be populated by the patients themselves, the present invention may provide for or otherwise cause the patients' involvement in their care to be maximal. And, due to its backend blockchain technology, the PMR may also become a medico-legal record and may prevent a patient from going back and altering the PMR.
In some embodiments, another or alternative sequence of PMR creation and utilization may be a more automated embodiment. For example, and not by way of limitation, first, an element of patient-specific data such as for example part or all of an electronic medical record, an x-ray or other diagnostic, may be obtained by a medical professional or medical institution. Then, the present invention may then provide that the patient specific data is automatically included in the patient's PMR, and in some embodiments, the system may then create a new PMR linked to the old PMR that includes the new or updated data. The patient or authorized user may then share the data and/or the new or updated PMR with a medical professional. Or, in some embodiments, the present invention may provide the data and/or the updated PMR directly to the medical professional. The patient may then be seen by the medical professional, which may result in new or updated data, which may be sent to the patient and may be included in the PMR, which in some embodiments may result in a new PMR reflecting the updated or new information that is linked to the previous PMR. The updated PMR, in some embodiments the newest copy of the PMR, may then be used in the next patient care situation.
In some embodiments, the data may be shared simultaneously with the medical professional and the patient or authorized user. In some embodiments, the data may be shared with only the medical professional. In some embodiments, the data may be shared with the medical professional and then the patient or authorized user, or vice versa.
In some embodiments, the present invention may provide the data to a patient by email, a webpage, or another interface, and in some embodiments, the data may be automatically added to the existing data within the PMR. If a PMR does not exist for the patient, the present invention may provide that the patient may create a PMR or direct that a PMR be formed. The PMR may then be updated and managed as described herein, and may provide an updated, secure reference for the patient's point of care treatment and analysis.
In some embodiments, the PMR's storage information may be publicly available, semi-publicly available, or viewable only by permission. Similarly, the patient-specific data may be publicly available, semi-publicly available, or viewable only by permission. More specifically, in some embodiments, the patient-specific data may be entirely public and visible as a read-only copy to anyone who can access the network. In some embodiments, the patient-specific data may be visible as a read-only copy but de-identified. In some embodiments, the patient-specific data may be unavailable for view unless the viewing person or machine utilizes a patient's private key.
The QR code (or Patient ID at times herein) may serve as a private key, in some embodiments, as that term is generally used in public key cryptography. In some embodiments, when a healthcare provider using the present invention scans a patient's QR code, the provider may access the patient's PMR. In some embodiments, only one QR code may be used at a time, and in some embodiments, only by the patient. In some embodiments, the patient's QR code may be used by more than one person or entity at a time. It is contemplated that the patient may be able to set preferences within the present invention, or utilize a secondary document such as a wallet card, in some embodiments referred to as a “medical passport” or “medicalpassport,” to determine who or what may utilize the patient's QR code, in what manner, and to what extent.
The present invention may provide that when a new PMR is created, it may link to the patient's previous PMR in the manner known in the block chain database art, by using the storage information within the PMR. By creating a linked series of immutable PMRs, the present invention may provide a secure chain of medical history information. As discussed more fully herein, the chain information may comprise one or more cryptographic hashes. For example, if the second PMR contains the first PMR's hash, the link between the two may be verified. By creating a new hash for each PMR, and including that hash in the second PMR, the present invention may provide for a traceable chain of PMRs.
The personal medical record chain database of the present invention may utilize various cooperative or decentralized computing principles. In some embodiments, the personal medical record chain database of the present invention may utilize principles or techniques drawn from cloud computing, thin-cloud computing, fog computing, or even “blockcloud” computing. The present invention may provide that the software, systems, methods, applications, computer programs, and so forth required to execute one or more instructions, methods, computer programs, or functions of the present invention may be stored on nodes, a cloud, thin cloud, fog, or blockcloud server structure. By way of illustration and not limitation, a cloud-based program or application may be downloaded by a user that may incorporate a matrix barcode scanner and data display capabilities, such as the ability to display patient charts, photographs, x-rays and other scans, and any other element of patient-specific data.
The present invention may also provide for one or more interface elements, such as by way of illustration and not limitation, a desktop software program, a mobile application, or a website, that enables the user, a healthcare provider, a family member, or other member of the public to view one or more elements of a PMR. By way of illustration and not limitation, a website may host an interface, wherein a login action could take a user to an individual's webpage. On the webpage, the present invention may describe or link to one or more elements of the individual's PMR. By way of illustration and not limitation, such a page may contain a randomized identifier, the present PMR's hash, a link to the PMR's previous hash, and one or more links to one or more elements of patient-specific data. In some embodiments, when viewed by a member of the general public, the webpage and the PMR information may be hidden, randomized, or otherwise unreadable. Or in some embodiments, when viewed by a member of the general public, the webpage and the PMR information may be deidentified but otherwise viewable. In some embodiments, when “unlocked” via the QR code, the PMR may display unencrypted versions of the patient-specific data, along with the hashes.
The present invention may comprise some elements of traditional block chain database encryption, storage, management, and access. The present invention may also make use of other, more widely-used technologies, such as cloud computing, emails, and text messages. The present invention may also draw upon, digitize, or otherwise incorporate paper documents in some embodiments.
One or more of the above-disclosed embodiments, in addition to certain alternatives, are provided in further detail below with reference to the attached figures. The disclosed subject matter is not, however, limited to any particular embodiment disclosed.
One embodiment of the invention is implemented as a program product for use with a computer system. The program(s) of the program product defines functions of the embodiments (including the methods described herein) and can be contained on a variety of computer-readable storage media. Illustrative computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to: (i) non-writable storage media (e.g., read-only memory devices within a computer such as CD-ROM disks readable by a CD-ROM drive) on which information is permanently stored; (ii) writable storage media (e.g., floppy disks within a diskette drive or hard-disk drive) on which alterable information is stored. Such computer-readable storage media, when carrying computer-readable instructions that direct the functions of the present invention, are embodiments of the present invention. Other media include communications media through which information is conveyed to a computer, such as through a computer or telephone network, including wireless communications networks. The latter embodiment specifically includes transmitting information to/from the Internet and other networks. Such communications media, when carrying computer-readable instructions that direct the functions of the present invention, are embodiments of the present invention. Broadly, computer-readable storage media and communications media may be referred to herein as computer-readable media.
In general, the routines executed to implement the embodiments of the invention, may be part of an operating system or a specific application, component, program, module, object, or sequence of instructions. The computer program of the present invention typically is comprised of a multitude of instructions that will be translated by the native computer into a machine-readable format and hence executable instructions. Also, programs are comprised of variables and data structures that either reside locally to the program or are found in memory or on storage devices. In addition, various programs described hereinafter may be identified based upon the application for which they are implemented in a specific embodiment of the invention. However, it should be appreciated that any particular program nomenclature that follows is used merely for convenience, and thus the invention should not be limited to use solely in any specific application identified and/or implied by such nomenclature.
For simplicity and clarity of illustration, the drawing figures illustrate the general manner of construction, and descriptions and details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the invention. Additionally, elements in the drawing figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be exaggerated relative to other elements to help improve understanding of embodiments of the present invention. The same reference numerals in different figures denote the same elements.
The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” and the like in the description and in the claims, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments described herein are, for example, capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms “include,” and “have,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, device, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to those elements, but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, system, article, device, or apparatus.
The terms “couple,” “coupled,” “couples,” “coupling,” and the like should be broadly understood and refer to connecting two or more elements or signals, electrically, mechanically or otherwise. Two or more electrical elements may be electrically coupled, but not mechanically or otherwise coupled; two or more mechanical elements may be mechanically coupled, but not electrically or otherwise coupled; two or more electrical elements may be mechanically coupled, but not electrically or otherwise coupled. Coupling (whether mechanical, electrical, or otherwise) may be for any length of time, e.g., permanent or semi-permanent or only for an instant.
Having summarized various aspects of the present disclosure, reference will now be made in detail to that which is illustrated in the drawings. While the disclosure will be described in connection with these drawings, there is no intent to limit it to the embodiment or embodiments disclosed herein. Rather, the intent is to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents included within the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
Because each PMR is an immutable copy stored in redundant form across the present invention's decentralized electronic database, neither the patient nor anyone else may easily alter the PMR's contents, including the electronic medical record within the PMR. As such, the present invention provides for a reliable, secure, patient-controlled, patient-managed electronic medical record and dossier that the authorized user may share with any medical professional(s) simply by allowing the medical professional(s) to scan the patient's QR code. The present invention also, in some embodiments, provides for the authorized user to be the caretaker of the PMR's contents, which enables universal access unrestricted by differences in electronic medical records software programs.
The present invention may provide for a system, method, and apparatus wherein a patient's medical history may begin at the patient's first medical visit, which could be while the patient was an infant. The present invention may provide that the patient's parents may monitor and control the PMR until the patient is eighteen years of age. At a typical medical visit, the present invention may provide that a medical professional may scan the patient's QR code and the patient may then share the PMR's contents with the medical professional(s). With each medical visit, the present invention may provide that the person in charge of the patient's PMR (either the patient or the patient's parents, if the patient is under eighteen years of age, collectively, the “authorized user”) may receive an updated electronic medical record from the medical provider, whereupon the authorized user may upload the updated electronic medical record into the PMR. At the next medical visit, or at any time the authorized user may choose, the authorized user may allow the next medical professional to access the PMR by allowing the medical professional to scan the patient's QR code and access the PMR's contents. The doctor may then update the electronic medical record, or provide other content, and the present invention may provide that the authorized user may receive the updated electronic medical record and other information, if applicable. As before, the authorized user may include the new information, including the updated electronic medical record, into the PMR. The next time the patient goes for another medical visit, the authorized user may allow the medical professional(s) access again, new patient-specific information may be created and shared with the authorized user, and the authorized user may cause a new PMR to be created as described elsewhere herein.
The present invention contemplates, in some embodiments, storage of patient-specific data, including but not limited to medical records, in a block chain-like system wherein a series of immutable records are stored across a variety of nodes that act as a cloud-like storage system. In some embodiments, the present invention may differ from some, but not all, block chain programs in that some embodiments may provide that the patient-specific medical data may be encrypted and may not be viewed by the public, the nodes, or persons with access to the nodes. In some embodiments, some but not all of the patient-specific data may be encrypted and subject to the viewing restrictions detailed herein. In some embodiments, the present invention may provide that a secure QR code may act as a patient's private key or password, and may be scanned by any medical professional in the world who has access to the present invention. When properly scanned, the present invention may provide some or all of the encrypted information to the medical professional from the authorized personal medical record, which may be the most recent personal medical record, the most recent personal medical record on the longest chain, or other personal medical record having the indicia of paramount reliability within the system and method. Once accessed, the present invention may provide that the medical professional or other person or entity having accessed the patient-specific data may be enabled to make one or more changes to the data, such as an update to the patient's record.
The present invention may comprise a system for universally accessible personal medical records. More specifically, in some embodiments, the present invention may provide for a non-transitory, tangible computer-readable medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a computer processor, enable one or more computers coupled to a network to execute a system for universally accessible personal medical records, the method comprising configuring, by a computing system, at least one personal medical record chain-configured data bank distributed across a plurality of computer networking systems, wherein the plurality of computer networking systems comprises at least one node; receiving, by the computing system, at least one item of patient-specific data, wherein the at least one item of patient-specific data pertains to a patient; encrypting, by the computing system, the at least one item of patient-specific data into at least one item of encrypted patient-specific data; creating, by the computing system, a first personal medical record, comprising: (a) a first personal medical record hash at least comprising the first personal medical record's time and date of creation, (b) the at least one first item of encrypted patient-specific identification, and (c) at least one computer system-implementable instruction for linking a second personal medical record to the first personal medical record; storing, by the computing system, the first personal medical record on at least one node.
The method may further comprise the steps of generating, by the computing system, at least one matrix barcode, wherein the at least one matrix barcode is unique; assigning, by the computing system, one matrix barcode to one encrypted personal medical record, wherein the matrix barcode operates as a private key; assigning, by the computing system, the matrix barcode to a first electronic device associated with the patient; scanning, by at least one second electronic device, the matrix barcode; generating, by the at least one second electronic device, an authorization request; sending, by the at least one second electronic device, the authorization request to the computing system; converting, by the computing system, the authorization request to an activation of the private key; decrypting, by the computing system, the at least one item of first encrypted patient-specific identification within the first personal medical record into at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data; transmitting, by the computing system, at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data to the at least one second electronic device.
The method may further comprise the steps of accessing, by the at least one second electronic device, the at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data; generating, by the at least one second electronic device, an update to the at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data, wherein the update comprises a change to the unencrypted patient-specific data; sending, by the at least one second electronic device, the update to the computing system; receiving, by the computing system, the update; solving, by at least one node, the at least one computer system-implementable instruction for linking a second personal medical record to the first personal medical record as at least one solution; securely sharing, by the at least one node, the solution with at least one other node; combining, by the computing system, the update with the unencrypted patient-specific data into at least one item of unencrypted updated patient-specific data; encrypting, by the computing system, the at least one item of unencrypted updated patient-specific data into at least one item of encrypted updated patient-specific data.
The method may further comprise the steps of creating, by the computing system, a second personal medical record, comprising: (a) second personal medical record hash indicating, at least, the second personal medical record's time and date of creation, (b) the first personal medical record hash, (c) at least one item of encrypted updated patient-specific identification, and (d) at least one computer system-implementable instruction for linking another personal medical record to the current personal medical record; and storing, by the computing system, the second personal medical record on at least one node.
With continued respect to the method, in some embodiments the at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data may only be accessed by one second electronic device at a time. In some embodiments, the at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data may be accessed by more than one at least one second electronic device at a time.
With continued respect to the method, in at least one embodiment, the at least one second electronic device may be configured to translate the at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data into a specified language at the time of access. In some embodiments, (a) the authorization request may contain a language translation specification; (b) the computing system may be configured to decrypt the at least one item of first encrypted patient-specific identification within the first personal medical record into at least one unencrypted item of translated patient-specific data, wherein the at least one unencrypted item of translated patient-specific data conforms to the language translation specification; (c) the computing system may be configured to transmit the at least one unencrypted item of translated patient-specific data to the at least one second electronic device; and (d) the at least one second electronic device may be configured to access the at least one unencrypted item of translated patient-specific data.
With continued respect to the method, in at least one embodiment, the update may record access to, but not alterations of, to the at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data. In some embodiments, the update may record access and alterations to the at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data.
With continued respect to the method, in at least one embodiment, the at least one item of encrypted updated patient-specific data, when viewed by a node, may be presented as deidentified patient-specific data. In some embodiments, the at least one item of encrypted updated patient-specific data, when viewed by a node, may be presented as anonymous patient-specific data.
The present invention may comprise a system for universally accessible personal medical records. In some embodiments, the system may comprise at least one computing system distributed across a plurality of computer networking systems, wherein the plurality of computer networking systems comprises at least one node, wherein the at least one computing system is configured to (a) receive at least one item of patient-specific data, wherein the at least one item of patient-specific data pertains to a patient; (b) encrypt the at least one item of patient-specific data into at least one item of encrypted patient-specific data; (c) create a first personal medical record, comprising: (i) a first personal medical record hash comprising at least the first personal medical record's time and date of creation, (ii) the at least one first item of encrypted patient-specific identification, and (iii) at least one computer system-implementable instruction for linking a second personal medical record to the first personal medical record; (d) store the first personal medical record on at least one node; (e) generate at least one matrix barcode, wherein the at least one matrix barcode is unique; (f) assign one matrix barcode to one encrypted personal medical record, wherein the matrix barcode operates as a private key; (g) assign the matrix barcode to a first electronic device associated with the patient; (h) receive an authorization request from at least one second electronic device; (I) convert the authorization request to an activation of the private key; (j) decrypt the at least one item of first encrypted patient-specific identification within the first personal medical record into at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data; (k) transmit the at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data to the at least one second electronic device; (l) receive an update from the at least one second electronic device; (m) solve the at least one computer system-implementable instruction for linking a second personal medical record to the first personal medical record as at least one solution; (n) securely share the solution with at least one node of the computer networking system; (o) combine the update with the unencrypted patient-specific data into at least one item of unencrypted updated patient-specific data; (p) encrypt the at least one item of unencrypted updated patient-specific data into at least one item of encrypted updated patient-specific data; (q) create a second personal medical record, comprising (i) a second personal medical record hash comprising at least the second personal medical record's time and date of creation, (ii) the first personal medical record hash, (iii) at least one item of encrypted updated patient-specific identification, and (iv) at least one computer system-implementable instruction for linking another personal medical record to the current personal medical record; and (r) store, by the computing system, the second personal medical record on at least one node
In some embodiments, the system may provide that the first electronic device may be configured to, at least, (a) receive and store the matrix barcode; (b) associate the matrix barcode with the patient; and (c) display the matrix barcode on a screen;
In some embodiments, the system may provide that the at least one second electronic device may be configured to: (a) scan the matrix barcode from the screen; (b) generate the authorization request; (c) send the authorization request to the computing system; (d) access the at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data; (e) generate the update to the at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data, wherein the update comprises a change to the unencrypted patient-specific data; and (f) send the update to the computing system.
With continued respect to the system, in some embodiments the at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data may only be accessed by one electronic device at a time. In some embodiments, the at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data may be accessed by more than one electronic device at a time.
With continued respect to the system, in some embodiments the at least one second electronic device may be configured to translate the at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data into a specified language at the time of access. In some embodiments (a) the authorization request may contain a language translation specification, (b) the at least one computing system may be configured to decrypt the at least one item of first encrypted patient-specific identification within the first personal medical record into at least one unencrypted item of translated patient-specific data, wherein the at least one unencrypted item of translated patient-specific data conforms to the language translation specification, (c) the at least one computing system may be configured to transmit the at least one unencrypted item of translated patient-specific data to the at least one second electronic device; and (d) the at least one second electronic device may be configured to access the at least one unencrypted item of translated patient-specific data.
With continued respect to the system, in some embodiments the update may record access to, but not alterations of, to the at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data. In some embodiments, the update may record access and alterations to the at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data.
With continued respect to the system, in some embodiments the at least one item of encrypted updated patient-specific data, when viewed by a node, may be presented as deidentified patient-specific data. In some embodiments, the at least one item of encrypted updated patient-specific data, when viewed by a node, may be presented as anonymous patient-specific data.
The present invention may comprise an apparatus for universally accessible personal medical records. In some embodiments, the apparatus may comprise at least one computing system distributed across a decentralized electronic database, wherein the decentralized electronic database comprises at least one node, and wherein the at least one computing system is configured to: a) receive at least one item of patient-specific data, wherein the at least one item of patient-specific data pertains to a patient; b) encrypt the at least one item of patient-specific data into at least one item of encrypted patient-specific data; c) create a first personal medical record, comprising i) at least one first storage instruction, wherein the at least one first storage instruction contains creation information for the first personal medical record and instructions for linking a second personal medical record to the first personal medical record; and ii) the at least one first item of encrypted patient-specific identification; d) store the first personal medical record on at least one node; e) generate at least one matrix barcode, wherein the at least one matrix barcode is unique; f) assign one matrix barcode to one encrypted personal medical record, wherein the matrix barcode operates as a private key; g) assign the matrix barcode to a first electronic device associated with the patient; h) receive an authorization request from at least one second electronic device; i) convert the authorization request to an activation of the private key; j) decrypt the at least one item of first encrypted patient-specific identification within the first personal medical record into at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data; k) transmit the at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data to the at least one second electronic device; l) receive an update from the at least one second electronic device; m) combine the update with the unencrypted patient-specific data into at least one item of unencrypted updated patient-specific data; n) encrypt the at least one item of unencrypted updated patient-specific data into at least one item of encrypted updated patient-specific data; o) create a second personal medical record, comprising: i) the at least one item of encrypted updated patient-specific identification; ii) the creation information for the first personal medical record; and iii) at least one second storage instruction, wherein the at least one second storage instruction contains creation information for the second personal medical record and instructions for linking a third personal medical record to the second personal medical record; p) store the second personal medical record on at least one node; and q) share the second personal medical record on at least one other node.
With continued respect to the apparatus, the first electronic device may be configured to: a) receive and store the matrix barcode; b) associate the matrix barcode with the patient; and c) display the matrix barcode on a screen.
With continued respect to the apparatus, the at least one second electronic device may be configured to: a) scan the matrix barcode from the screen; b) generate the authorization request; c) send the authorization request to the computing system; d) access the at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data; e) generate the update to the at least one unencrypted item of patient-specific data, wherein the update comprises a change to the unencrypted patient specific data; and f) send the update to the computing system.
Users of desktop computer 103 and mobile devices 102, 104, and 106 may be users of at least one network 110 known to those skilled in the art. For instance, as noted above, network 110 may comprise a peer-to-peer network, a cloud-based computing network, a fog computing network, a blockcloud computing network, or any other network 110 known in the art capable of secure data transfer. In some embodiments, network 110 may be facilitated by a website that may require a registration and login prior to use.
In one embodiment, a PMR may be stored in multiple copies across personal medical record chain-configured database 108 on one or more nodes (not pictured). In some embodiments, each node may contain and run the software, hardware, firmware, or any other component necessary, to run the present invention. More specifically, each node may provide for a computer system that can run the program of the present invention, create, store, and link (or “chain”) PMRs to other PMRs. Each node may also provide for computational power sufficient to perform hash functions, other one-way encryption functions, two-way encryption functions, public key encryption functions and programs, symmetric encryption and symmetric key encryption functions and programs, along with any other function that may be used or provided for by the present invention.
In brief, the original or “genesis” PMR may comprise, at least, a hash that records a timestamp representing the PMR's creation date and time (along with, in some embodiments, other information), encrypted patient-specific data, and instructions for the linking of the second PMR to the present PMR. In some embodiments, the instructions may comprise a mathematical problem to be solved. In some embodiments, system for universally accessible personal medical records 101 may provide that the solution is provided to one or more nodes in personal medical record chain-configured database 108. In some embodiments, some or all of the nodes in personal medical record chain-configured database 108 may be equally able to solve the instructions, and therefore some or all of the nodes may discover the solution at roughly the same time, thus ensuring uniformity of record-keeping across personal medical record chain-configured database 108. Additional PMRs may be linked to the genesis personal medical record, and may comprise a new timestamp hash unique to that personal medical record, the previous personal medical record's hash, encrypted updated patient-specific data, and instructions for the next personal medical record as detailed above.
As described elsewhere in more detail herein, personal medical record chain-configured database 108 may be configured to associate a PMR, and the patient-specific data within the PMR, with a QR code. In some embodiments, the QR code may be stored on any or several of desktop computer 103 and mobile devices 102, 104, and 106. In some embodiments, the QR code may be displayed on at least one of desktop computer 103 and mobile devices 102, 104, and 106. The QR code thus displayed may be scanned by at least one of desktop computer 103 and mobile devices 102, 104, and 106, or by a different scanning device such as a hand-held scanner configured to work with the present invention (not pictured).
In some embodiments, the present invention may provide that one or more of desktop computer 103 and mobile devices 102, 104, and 106 may serve as a first electronic device. In such a configuration, one or more of desktop computer 103 and/or mobile devices 102, 104, and 106 may be configured to display a QR code (or “matrix code” elsewhere herein). The QR code may, in some embodiments, be used as a patient's private key and may, when scanned from the display of the first electronic device, cause the present invention to unlock, decrypt, or otherwise permit access to one or more items of patient-specific data.
In the embodiment depicted in
As the present invention contemplated a distributed personal medical record chain computer system wherein each node 201 may communicate with one or more nodes 102, and in some embodiments all other nodes 102, one or more elements of node 201 may be absent in any particular node 201 or shared across one or more nodes 102. In some embodiments, while it is contemplated that, generally although not required in every case, each node 201 may store a copy of all PMR 226 chains across the entire present invention, thereby creating a network of nearly-unhackable computing systems and complete redundancy, one or more other elements may be partially stored on one or more nodes 102, or stored on one node 201 but accessed by another node 201. By way of illustration and not limitation, memory 212 and/or operating system 214 may be partially stored across several nodes 102 but accessed by multiple nodes 102, or may be stored on one or more nodes 102 and accessed by nodes 102 that do not have their own memory 212 and/or operating system 214.
The processing device 202 may include any custom made or commercially available processor, a central processing unit (CPU) or an auxiliary processor among several processors associated with node 201, a semiconductor based microprocessor (in the form of a microchip), a macroprocessor, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), a plurality of suitably configured digital logic gates, and other electrical configurations comprising discrete elements both individually and in various combinations to coordinate the overall operation of the system.
The memory 212 can include any one of a combination of volatile memory elements (e.g., random-access memory (RAM, such as DRAM, and SRAM, etc.)) and nonvolatile memory elements. The memory typically comprises native operating system 214, one or more native applications, emulation systems, or emulated applications for any of a variety of operating systems and/or emulated hardware platforms, emulated operating systems, etc. For example, the applications may include application specific software which may comprise some or all the components of node 201. In accordance with such embodiments, the components are stored in memory and executed by the processing device. Note that although depicted separately in
User interface 208 may be configured to detect contact within the display area of the display 206 and may provide such functionality as on-screen buttons, menus, keyboards, etc. that allows users to navigate user interfaces by touch. User interface 208 may also be a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a vision tracking system, a motion-capture system, a trackball, or any other known interface with a computing system. For some embodiments, node 201 may also comprise GPS 218 or other means to determine the location of the node 201.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the operating system 214 can, and typically will, comprise other components which have been omitted for purposes of brevity. Note that in the context of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores one or more programs for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. With further reference to
As discussed elsewhere in the present disclosure, patient-specific data 222 may be viewed by a user, the node 201, or other nodes 102 in several forms, among them an unencrypted form, an encrypted but readable form having patient-identifying information, an encrypted but readable form displaying deidentified patient-specific data, encrypted and unintelligible patient-specific data 222, or any other form or copy of patient-specific data 222. By way of illustration and not limitation, in some embodiments, an unencrypted copy of patient-specific data 222 may be available to a user who has accessed the patient's QR code 230 or other private key interface. When existing on the present invention's personal medical record chain database 108, patient-specific data 222 may exist in any form discussed herein or known in the art, including any level of encryption or deidentification, or no encryption or deidentification.
In some embodiments, patient-specific data 222 may be stored in one language, generally the patient's native language. In some embodiments, however, the present invention may provide, through memory 212 or any other element of the present invention including elements known to the art but not disclosed in
Storage information 224, as discussed in more detail herein, are generally contemplated to comprise a mathematical problem to be solved. Once a node 201 has reached the solution, the next block may be linked or “chained” to the present PMR 226, creating the “personal medical record chain” known in the art. Such chaining may comprise, in some embodiments, recording the hash of a first PMR 226 in or on a second PMR 226. In some embodiments, therefore, the chain may be traced by examining the corresponding hashes of each PMR 226 to make sure that they match as intended.
Continuing with
As discussed elsewhere herein, each PMR 226 may comprise, at least, one or more hash(s) 220, one or more items of patient-specific data 222, and one or more storage information 224. In some embodiments, an identical copy of each PMR 226 may be stored on one or more nodes 201. In some embodiments, an identical copy of each PMR 226 may be stored on each node 201.
Remaining with
In some embodiments, a QR code 230 may be used by the present invention as a private key. In some embodiments, when a healthcare provider scans a patient's QR code 230, such as by way of illustration by using one or more of mobile devices 102, 104, 106 and/or desktop computer 103, the present invention may provide one or more items of patient-specific data 222 to the healthcare professional in an unencrypted form, or a form having a mixture of encrypted and intelligible patient-specific data 222. In some embodiments, the health care provider may access the full PMR 226 and a fully unencrypted or fully intelligible record of the patient-specific data 222. In some embodiments, only one QR code 230 may be used at a time, and in some embodiments, only by the authorized user of mobile device(s) 102, 104, 106 or desktop computer 103 who initiated access via the QR code 230 in the first place. In some embodiments, the patient's QR code 230 may be used by more than one mobile device 102, 104, 106 or desktop computer 103 at a time. It is contemplated that the patient may be able to set preferences within the present invention, or utilize a secondary document such as a wallet card, to determine who or what may utilize the patient's QR code 230, in what manner, and to what extent.
The present invention may provide that when a QR code 230 is utilized to access a patient's PMR 226, the present invention initiate storage information 224 to create a new hash 220 within a new PMR 226 that links to the accessed PMR 226, in the manner known in the block chain database art and generally described herein. By creating a linked series of chained PMRs 226, it is contemplated that the present invention may provide a secure chain of medical history information.
In
In order to facilitate the aforementioned functionality, various aspects may be performed by one or more of desktop computer 103 and/or mobile devices 102, 104, and 106, or any node 201 which may be but is not limited to desktop computer 103 and/or mobile devices 102, 104, and 106. In one embodiment, the desktop 103, mobile devices 102, 104, and 106, and/or any node 201 are operative to perform, at least in part, the method depicted in the flowchart of
Turning attention to
If the authorization request and the QR code associated with the authorization request do not match with the PMR 226, the present invention may deny access 304 to the PMR 226. If the authorization request does match with the PMR 226 in question, the present invention may transmit either partially or entirely unencrypted patient-specific data to the user 305.
The present invention may then analyze whether the patient-specific data is merely viewed, or if it has been changed 306 by the user. If the patient-specific data was only viewed, or if the only change was that the patient-specific data was viewed, the present invention may create a new PMR 226 recording that the patient-specific data was viewed and not altered 307, and may do so via at least one sequence described elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, the patient or authorized user may control if and when a new PMR 226 is created recording the view-only action. The PMR 226 recording access-only may include chaining instructions for the next PMR 226.
If, however, the user does change or alter one or more item of patient-specific data 308 in the PMR 226, the present invention may update and store the new patient-specific data 308, in some embodiments, as an updated complete record of the patient-specific data 308. The present invention may also create a new PMR 226, wherein the PMR 226 records updated patient-specific data 309, and in some embodiments, also records the fact that a change was made to the patient-specific data the changes to the patient-specific data. In some embodiments, the patient or authorized user may control if and when a new PMR 226 is created recording the viewing and changes to patient-specific data 308. The PMR 226 containing the updated patient-specific data and the fact of the changes may include chaining instructions for the next PMR 226.
The present invention may also provide that the new PMR 226 of either scenario (the viewed but not changed PMR 226 of step 307 or the PMR 226 including the updated patient-specific data of step 309) may be stored in identical copies across at least one more node 310 as described in more detail elsewhere herein. It is contemplated that, in some embodiments, the above-described method may be performed on any node. In other embodiments, one or more nodes may perform the method and share 310 the new PMR 226 with nodes not designated to perform the above-described method, but are configured to house, chain, and store one or more PMRs 226.
If embodied in software, it should be noted that each block depicted in the accompanying flowcharts represents a module, segment, or portion of code that comprises program instructions stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium to implement the specified logical function(s). In this regard, the program instructions may be embodied in the form of source code that comprises statements written in a programming language or machine code that comprises numerical instructions recognizable by a suitable execution system such as desktop 103, mobile devices 102, 104, and 106, and/or any node 201. The machine code may be converted from the source code, etc. If embodied in hardware, each block may represent a circuit or a number of interconnected circuits to implement the specified logical function(s).
It should be emphasized that the above-described embodiments are merely examples of possible implementations. Many variations and modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments without departing from the principles of the present disclosure. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and protected by the following claims.
Moreover, embodiments and limitations disclosed herein are not dedicated to the public under the doctrine of dedication if the embodiments and/or limitations: (1) are not expressly claimed in the claims; and (2) are or are potentially equivalents of express elements and/or limitations in the claims under the doctrine of equivalents.
While certain embodiments of the invention have been illustrated and described, various modifications are contemplated and can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that the invention not be limited, except as by the appended claim(s).
The teachings disclosed herein may be applied to other systems, and may not necessarily be limited to any described herein. The elements and acts of the various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. All of the above patents and applications and other references, including any that may be listed in accompanying filing papers, are incorporated herein by reference. Aspects of the invention can be modified, if necessary, to employ the systems, functions and concepts of the various references described above to provide yet further embodiments of the invention.
Particular terminology used when describing certain features or aspects of the invention should not be taken to imply that the terminology is being refined herein to be restricted to any specific characteristics, features, or aspects of the present invention with which that terminology is associated. In general, the terms used in the following claims should not be constructed to limit the present invention to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification unless the above description section explicitly define such terms. Accordingly, the actual scope encompasses not only the disclosed embodiments, but also all equivalent ways of practicing or implementing the disclosed present invention. The above description of embodiments of the present invention is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the precise form disclosed above or to a particular field of usage.
While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the present invention are described above for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible for which those skilled in the relevant art will recognize.
While certain aspects of the present invention are presented below in particular claim forms, various aspects of the present invention are contemplated in any number of claim forms. Thus, the inventor reserves the right to add additional claims after filing the application to pursue such additional claim forms for other aspects of the present invention.
