System of mounting facade panels

Abstract

A system of mounting a facade panel (12);(25), in which system vertical rails (2) are fitted on the mounting surface and horizontal rails (4) and the facade panels are fitted on horizontal rails. Vertical rails (2) are fitted as straightening rails of the mounting surface, whereby they are fixed to the mounting surface by means of adjusting brackets (11) arranged at a distance from each other, the fixing holes portion (9),(14) between said rail and adjustable bracket including an adjustable distance towards and the mounting face and so forth, and rails (2) including at chosen spacing of distances fixing holes (15) for fitting of horizontal rail (4) and that horizontal rails (4) include at chosen spacing of distances fixing holes (9) for fixing in vertical rails (2).

Description

The invention relates to a system of mounting different coatings enabling straightening, prevention of crumbling and heat insulation of building walls, in which system on the mounting surface vertical rails and horizontal rails are fitted the and facade boards into the horizontal rails.

Previously known is, among other things, from U.S. Pat. No. 5,379,561 a system, where on he wall plate rails are fixed hardly increasing the wall thickness, then horizontal rails are fitted onto them forming a grid. The plate rails have a profile fold both upwards and downwards in the rail front edge, whereby bricks, stones or other facing panels with grooves on both flanks can be shifted sideways between horizontal rails into place, with the profile edges being in the grooves of bricks or corresponding tiles.

The disadvantage of such a system is that the straightening of wall is difficult, since the vertical rails are not rigid in the necessary direction with respect to the straightening. Straightening must be carried out for instance adding filling under the vertical rails. Fitting of elements is also complicated threading and shifting sideways.

By means of the mounting system of facade panels according to the invention, where wall straightening, possibility of heat insulation and also prevention of crumbling of former coating remaining on the underside or dropping of crumbs are taken notice of, the problems presented in the following are solved and the system is characterized in that the vertical rails are arranged as straightening rails, whereby they are fitted on the mounting surface by means of adjustable brackets at a distance from each other, the fixing holes between said rail and adjustable brackets having an adjustable distance for each mounting face and so forth and the rails having fitting holes at chosen spacing for fitting the horizontal rail, and that the horizontal rails have fitting holes at chosen spacing for fitting into vertical rails.

The greatest advantage of the invention is the straitening of walls, which can be done in the new way of mounting vertical rails. A wanted wall surface is easily achieved adjusting the horizontal rails, for instance by means of serrated oblong directly before tightening. Brackets to be fixed on the mounting the surface have ready-made oblong holes through which they are fitted into place and fixed on the wall, and a screw fixing hole, by means of which the straitening rail is fixed to the bracket. Additional insulation of different thickness can be used, a proper level of elevation is achieved increasing the height of brackets. By means of a special face panel fixed on vertical rails the dropping of bits from the facade remaining on the underside is prevented. The horizontal rail is separate or it can be joined to the face panel, it has horizontal serrated oblong holes enabling an always proper fixing spot. Different kinds of brackets can be fixed on the facade plate backside, on glass and other thin panels, for instance by gluing. In natural stones, panels of casting concrete and similar, wooden panels and brick panels mounting can be done pressing the bracket into an oblique groove on panel backside.

By means of the invention the facade panels are easily fitted into proper plane. On fitting no measuring as to the bracket positions is needed, since when the lowest row of adjustable brackets is fitted directly in horizontal plane, other brackets can be screwed into place without measuring. Thanks to the invention the coating stays put on the wall without mechanical fastening directly on the wall. The different thermal motions of building frame works with respect to the face material require contraction joints. A face panel fitted by fixing rails rests by its weight on the fixing rail, for instance through the groove, and receives thermal motions without breaking the coating or the framework. By means of the invention it is possible, among other things, to prevent demolition of building facades with a coating of concrete, when the facades start to crumble. Especially in sky scrapers crumbling is increasing and dropping of loose blocks from them are prevented with a fixing panel.

Using this system the walls can be heat insulated without any leaks of thermal heat worth mentioning. The disadvantages of known techniques is that the supporting rails are usually made of a wood or metal as high as the wall and the space just at their sides is without heat insulation, which causes thermal leaks.

The fitting system as per the invention makes it possible that for instance a face panel with tiling is not directly in fitting contact with the wall frame work but is hanging behind the tile panels from a fixing tongue at each tile attached to the fixing rail. The fitting system enables building of a so called differentiated facade, which facade moves freely by impacts of heat changes on it. The fixing panel/horizontal panel takes care of facade airing by means of their openings.

Further, the disadvantage of known techniques is that all coatings must be fitted with separate individual brackets, which makes the use of mulifaceted coatings difficult on same faces. In addition, the borings of brackets in them are made in the coatings, which weakens their durability and ever greater material thickness is needed with respect to this mounting system.

In the following the invention is disclosed with reference to the enclosed drawing, where

FIG. 1 shows, partly cut, a wall covered with facade panels.

FIG. 2 shows an adjustable bracket.

FIG. 3 shows a portion of the vertical rail.

FIG. 4 shows a portion of the horizontal rail.

FIG. 5 shows a bracket to be pressed into the groove

FIG. 6 shows a tongue as fastener that can be glued, screwed etc. pressed out from a sheet.

In FIG. 1 a lower sheet 6 is at first fitted on the wall and onto it accurately in horizontal plane the lower adjustable bracket 11 fixed on the wall through holes 13. Also the fixing perforation 16 of horizontal rail 4, which comes as the lowest, determines exactly the distance of the adjustable brackets 11 when they are fitted. With the lower brackets 11 in place, the vertical rail 2, for instance the one closest to the corner, is fitted upright exactly horizontally in the direction of the wall plane, for instance using a plumb-line. Under it adjustable brackets 11 are fitted at fixed distances, since the vertical rail 2 has ready-made oblong holes 9 among which the wanted spacing is chosen.

When this rail 2 is upright on brackets 11, the brackets 11 can already be screwed on the wall permanently through holes 13. However, the screws through vertical rail 2 holes 9 to the threaded holes 14 of the brackets are kept loose till the vertical rail in the corner has been by means of a plumb-line levelled in other direction, i.e. in the downright plane with respect to the to the wall plane. When the flank of holes 9 is serrated, creased or pitted the vertical rail 2 stays put supported by the screw secured in threaded hole 14 in the oblong hole 9 even if the screw is loose on finding proper straightness for it. When the straightness is found vertical rail 2 is secured by screws in threaded holes 14 in adjustable brackets 11. Then furnishing the whole wall with vertical rails 2 and horizontal rails 4 is easily done through fixing holes 9 and 15 at fixed distances. Only each vertical rail 2 is to be adjusted only with respect to straightening, e.g. in a plane downright with respect to the wall plane.

If no heat insulation 3 and no fixing panel 5 is mounted on the horizontal rails a facing panel 12 is mounted, on the back of which there are brackets 7 as per figure. Then a groove 21 is made for the fold in panel 12. Also as fixing means a bracket 23, as per figure, glued on the back of the panel, can be used.

If the heat insulating panels 3 are mounted as in the brick panel portion in the figure, they are fitted between vertical rails 2 directly against the wall. If the wall has no tendency to crumble, no fixing panel 5 is needed, and then vertical rails 4 are mounted in the vertical rails with wanted spacing and the facial panels 25 are mounted on horizontal rails 4.

If the wall shows tendency to crumble, a corrugated fixing panel 5 is mounted in vertical rails possibly also using horizontal rails 4. The facing panel presses the wall via heat insulating panel 3 and blocks or crumbles that have got loose from the wall cannot drop down. Facing panel 5 can be mounted to press the wall directly.

FIG. 4 horizontal rail 4 has serrated holes 9 through which horizontal rail 4 is fixed by screw 18 in threaded hole 15 of vertical rail 2. There is in the U-profile of the horizontal rail holes 17 so that screw 18 is tightened through the openings. The bottom of horizontal rail 4 profile has also holes, possibly the area of holes is more than half of the bottom part area so that airing through these holes would be effective in a vertical air space.

Projecting parts possibly used as ornamentation on the wall can simply be formed adding on these parts on the horizontal rail 4 one or more additional horizontal rails to raise the facade panel outward in this part. The projected portions are relatively narrow, for instance a sector of 30 cm in the corner of the building from below up in both window jambs etc.

Claims

1. A system of mounting a facade panel (12);(25), in which system vertical rails (2) are fitted on the mounting surface and horizontal rails (4) and the facade panels are fitted on horizontal rails, characterized in that vertical rails (2) are L-profiles and fitted as straightening rails of the mounting surface, whereby they are fixed to the mounting surface by means of adjusting brackets (11) arranged at a distance from each other, the fixing holes portion (9),(14) between said rail and adjustable bracket including an adjustable distance towards and the mounting face and so forth, and rails (2) including at chosen spacing of distances fixing holes (15) for fitting of horizontal rail (4) and that horizontal rails (4) are U-profiles and include at chosen spacing of distances fixing holes (9) for fixing in vertical rails (2).

2. A system according to claim 1 characterized in that the hole fixing includes between vertical rail (2) and adjusting bracket (11) at least one oblong hole (9) with a serrated flank.

3. A system according to claim 1 characterized in that the area of adjustable bracket 11 flank (26) overlapping the vertical rail (2) is arranged to be under 10 per cent of the counter flank (27) of vertical rail (2)) in order to minimise a cold bridge between wall and vertical rail.

4. A system according to claim 1 characterized in that the system includes a heat insulating panel (3) fitted under facade panel (12),(15) at first against the mounting face.

5. A system according to claim 1 characterized in that the system includes a fixing panel (5) pressing either heat insulating panel (3) against the mounting face pressing directly against the mounting face in order to prevent crumbling of the mounting face or options of loosened crumbling blocks.

6. A system according to claim 1 characterized in that horizontal rail (4) is a profile, most suitably a U-profile, the profile portion striving away from the wall, as the profile bottom, is furnished with airing holes (19).

7. A system according to claim 1 characterized in that the facade panels (12);(25) include on their back side brackets (7);23), by means of which said panels can be fitted onto horizontal rails (4).

8. A system according to claim 1 characterized in that brackets (7);(23) are mounted in the panel (12);(25) by gluing, pressing mechanically into the panel groove (21) or the bracket is folded out off the panel.

9. A system according to claim 1 characterized in that the serrated oblong hole (9) is in vertical rail (2) and in horizontal rail (4).

10. A system according to claim 1 characterized in that it is possible to form in the facade panel projecting portions by fitting one or more horizontal rail portions one on top of another in order to heighten the intended portion and the increase distance of the facade plate that comes on it from the mounting face.