Patent Grant
10371592
The present invention relates to a system stability monitoring apparatus which monitors a system state of a power system, and a method thereof.
A power system is configured with many power generators, loads, transmission and distribution devices, and controllers. In a normal state, small external disturbance may be applied to the power system due to load change, system switching, or the like. At the time of the occurrence of an accident such as ground fault or short-circuiting of the system, large external disturbance is applied to the power system. This external disturbance causes generation of power vibration including a plurality of vibration mode components.
In a case in which the vibration mode components are small or attenuated at a high speed, the system vibration after the occurrence of external disturbance is maintained in a sufficiently small range, and thus the power system is in a stable state. However, in a case in which the vibration becomes large or continues or disperses instead of being attenuated, consequently, the power generator stops, or power failure occurs in a wide range, and thus there is a possibility that the stable operation becomes impossible.
Together with an increase in the size of power systems, there is a tendency of an increase of a power supply capacity, an increase of the installation distance, uneven distribution, accordingly, an increase in the length of the transmission line, and an increase of the amount of electric currents flowing in lines. Since these changes cause the stability of the power system to be deteriorated, there is a concern of an expansion of a serial influence on large scale power dropout and power failure in a wide range caused by the step-out of the power generator at the time of system failure.
Therefore, an online system stability evaluation method which constantly monitors the stability of the system, and prevents and predicts the power generator step-out, and the like in advance becomes necessary.
Recently, a phasor measurement unit (PMU) which measures a phase angle of a bus voltage of the power system on almost a real-time basis by means of synchronous measurement using GPS has become widespread. It has become possible to understand a power vibration phenomenon on a real-time basis using an online measurement value such as the bus voltage of the system, or the like measured by the phasor measurement unit PMU.
From the above described background, a system state monitoring technology for an operator who operates the power system to monitor the stability of the system state has been devised. For example, in PTL 1, a power vibration mode observing apparatus, which accurately identifies an attenuation ratio playing an important role in steady state stability evaluation using a phase angle detecting apparatus, is disclosed.
However, when a large amount of renewable energy represented by the solar power or the wind power in the future is introduced into the system, the renewable energy accompanies an abrupt power generation output change which cannot be easily assumed in advance, and consequently, there is a possibility that a system characteristic significantly changes. For example, in a case in which the wind speed exceeds a certain threshold value, a so called cut-out operation, in which the wind power generation is automatically stopped and the power generating output becomes zero in order to maintain the safety of a device occurs. This phenomenon occurs more frequently than an accident of ground fault or short-circuiting which also occurs in systems of the related art, and, in a case in which power generators are densely installed in close regions, this phenomenon is expected to be highly likely to occur at the same time in a plurality of power generators.
As the introduction amount of the renewable energy increases, an impact on the system due to the above described abrupt output change event increases, and there is a concern that the vibration mode in a wide range may become unstable. In order to cope with this concern, high-speed and high-accuracy stability determination becomes necessary in an intermediate region of approximately several seconds to ten several seconds immediately after the output change event.
In order for high-speed stable determination, it is necessary to decrease the input data length more than in the related art. However, in a case in which input data is shortened, the influence of noise on the system vibration mode becomes relatively large, and high-accuracy detection of vibration modes becomes difficult. In addition, the frequency resolution decreases as a trade-off with the input data length due to the uncertainty principle of the Ferrier conversion, and thus it becomes difficult to separate and detect a plurality of vibration modes with close frequencies.
Therefore, in a case in which a plurality of vibration modes with close vibration frequencies are present at the same time, the plurality of vibration disappears together depending on measurement points, and there is a possibility that points at which high-accuracy detection of vibration modes becomes difficult are generated. In such a case, in the technology described in PTL 1, high-speed and high-accuracy stable determination cannot be realized.
In order to solve the above problems, according to the invention, a system stability monitoring apparatus which monitors system stability of a power system includes a measurement information collecting unit that collects measurement information of a plurality of points in the power system, a vibration analyzing unit that calculates vibration information indicating vibration of a system state in the plurality of points using the measurement information, an information storage unit that stores point information including position information of the plurality of points, and a vibration classifying unit that classifies the vibration information based on the point information.
According to the invention, when vibration information calculated using measurement information is classified using a distance between measurement points which is calculated using the point information, even in a case in which a plurality of vibration modes with close vibration frequencies are present at the same time, a high speed and a high accuracy stable determination can be realized.
Hereinafter, examples suitable for embodiments of the invention will be described. Also, these embodiments to be described later are presented by way of example only, and it is not intended that the invention itself is limited to a specific content.
The embodiments of the invention will be described hereinafter with reference to drawings.
The system stability calculating unit 10 is configured with a measurement information collecting unit 11, a vibration analyzing unit 12, and a vibration classifying unit 13 therein.
The measurement information collecting unit 11 collects system measurement information measured in a system measuring unit 21.
The vibration analyzing unit 12 calculates vibration information using the system measurement information collected by the measurement information collecting unit 11.
The vibration classifying unit 13 classifies the vibration information calculated in the vibration analyzing unit 12 using the point information stored in the information storage unit 30, and extracts the vibration information with high importance degree.
The system measuring unit 21 measures the system measurement information in a measurement point inside the system and transmits the information to the measurement information collecting unit 11. The system measurement information includes at least one of an active power flow, a reactive power flow, a system voltage, a system current, and a voltage phase. The system measuring unit 21 is configured with measuring devices 21a, 21b, . . . , 21n which are disposed at a plurality of measurement points.
The information storage unit 30 of a system stores the point information which indicates connection information of a system element relating to the power system. In the point information, characteristic information of a system element such as the power generator, load, or a phase modifier, which is connected to each node inside the system and information of a transmission line connecting each node to each other.
The power generator 101 is a power generator which generates a power-generating capacity, and is a power generator which generates the power-generating capacity by any one power generating method of thermal power generation, hydroelectric power generation, nuclear power generation, the solar power generation, wind power generation, biomass power generation, and tidal power generation. The power generator 101a is a large scale power generator including the thermal power generation, the hydroelectric power generation, the nuclear power generation, or the like which is installed on a high voltage side of the power system, and transmits a system state amount including a power generating amount to the system stability monitoring apparatus 200 through the measuring device 21a and the information communication network 106. In addition, the power generator 101a receives control instruction information which is transmitted by the system stability monitoring apparatus 200 through the measuring device 21a and the information communication network 106, and changes the system state amount including the power generating amount according to the control instruction information. The power generator 101b is a small and medium scale power generator including the solar power generation, the wind power generation, cogeneration, or the like which is disposed on a low voltage side of the power system, and transmits the system state amount including the power generating amount to the system stability monitoring apparatus 200 through the measuring device 21b and the information communication network 106.
The substation 102 is provided between the transmission lines inside the power system, changes a voltage value of power transmitted by a high voltage side where the power generator 101a, which is a large scale power generator, is provided, and transmits the voltage value to the low voltage side where the power load 104 is provided. In the substation 102, the phase modifier 103 such as a power capacitor or a shunt reactor is connected.
The phase modifier 103 is equipment which controls a voltage distribution inside the power system by changing the reactive power inside the power system, and includes the power capacitor, the shunt reactor, STATCOM, SVC, or the like. A part of the phase modifier 103 receives the control instruction information which is transmitted by the system stability monitoring apparatus 200 through the measuring device 21c and the information communication network 106, and changes the system state amount including the power generating amount according to the control instruction information.
The power load 104 indicates a house, a factory, building, and facilities in which an electric motor, lighting equipment, or the like which consumes power is included.
The external power system 105 is an external power system which cannot be controlled by the system stability monitoring apparatus 200, and is connected to the system itself by an interconnection line.
The measuring devices 21a, 21b, . . . include a sensor which measures the system state amount such as the power generating amount in the power generator 101a, a phase modifying amount in the phase modifier 103, a tidal current value in the transmission line, or a voltage value, therein, and transmits the measured system state amount to the system stability monitoring apparatus 200 through the information communication network 106.
The information communication network 106 is a network which is capable of performing bidirectional transmission of data. The information communication network 106 is configured with, for example, a wired network, a wireless network, or a combination those of. The information communication network 106 may be so called Internet, or may be an excluded line network.
The system stability monitoring apparatus 200 is an apparatus for realizing a system stability monitoring function illustrated in
As an internal configuration of the system stability monitoring apparatus 200, a central processing unit (CPU) 201, a display device 202, communication means 203, input means 204, a memory 205, and a storage device 206 are connected to a bus line 211. The CPU 201 executes a calculation program, and performs calculation of the system state, generation of a control signal, or the like. The memory 205 is a memory which temporarily stores image data for displaying, a calculation result data of the system state, or the like, and for example, is configured with a random access memory (RAM). The memory 205 generates a necessary image data by the CPU 201 and displays the data to the display device 202. The communication means 203 acquires the system state amount such as a tidal current value and a voltage value from the measuring device 21 and the measuring device 21 through a communication network 106.
A user can appropriately set an operation of the system stability monitoring apparatus 200 by setting and changing a parameter such as various thresholds through a predetermined interface of the input means 204. In addition, the user selects types of data that the user wants to recognize through the predetermined interface of the input means 204, and can displays the types of data to the display device 202.
The storage device 206 holds various program and data. The storage device 206 is configured with, for example, a hard disk drive (HDD) or a flash memory. The storage device 206 holds, for example, a program and data which are capable of realizing various functions to be described later. The program and data stored in the storage device 206 are read and executed by the CPU 201 as needed. Also, the storage device 206 is constituted by various databases DB.
Next, a first example of a system stability calculating process in the system stability monitoring apparatus 200 will be described using a flow chart illustrated in
First, the vibration analyzing unit 12 calculates the vibration information using measurement information of a plurality of the points measured in the system measuring unit 21 (S31). Here, the measurement information of the plurality of points measured in the system measuring unit 21 includes at least one of information of the active power flow, the reactive power flow, the system voltage, the system current, and the voltage phase. The vibration information is calculated by at least one method of a fourier analysis, a wavelet analysis, a puroni method, a matrix pencil method, and a hankel total least squares (HTLS) method when the measurement information is set as an input.
Hereinafter, a vibration information calculation algorithm will be described by the puroni method.
The number N of data and the number n of mode order of an analysis window width are set in advance.
A matrix a=(a1, a2, . . . , an)T is calculated using input data y (k) (k=0, 1, . . . , N−1) from Math. 1 to Math. 4 as follows. However, a superscript letter “T” described above indicates a transposed matrix, and a latter “−1” indicates an inverse matrix.
From Math. 1 to Math. 4, the calculated a1, a2, . . . , and an are substituted in Math. 5 to be described below. Zi indicated by expressions of Math. 6 and Math. 7 is substituted in Z of Math. 5, and an eigenvalue λi, the attenuation coefficient σi [1/sec], and a vibration frequency fi [Hz]=ωi/2π are calculated. Here, Δt indicates a sampling period.
Math. 5 is a polynomial (characteristics equation) of the n-th degree which has Zi as a solution, and n number of Zi, σi, and fi is respectively obtained as a solution.
Zn−(a1Zn−1+a2Zn−2+ . . . +anZ0)=0 [Math. 5]
Zi=exp(λiΔt)[Math. 6]
λi=σi+ωij [Math. 7]
A matrix b=(B1, B2, . . . , and Bn)T is calculated using the input data y (k) (k=0, 1, . . . , N−1), and the calculated Zi (i=1, 2, . . . , n) from Math. 8 to Math. 11 to be described later.
An absolute value Ri and a variation angle θi indicated by Math. 12 are obtained from B1, B2, . . . , Bn calculated from Math. 8 to Math. 11. At this time, the absolute value Ri means an amplitude, and the variation angle θi means an initial phase.
Bi=Ri exp(jθi) [Math. 12]
The vibration frequency calculated by the above described process, the attenuation coefficient, an amplitude, and the initial phase are termed the vibration information.
Next, based on the vibration information calculated by the vibration analyzing unit 12 and the point information stored in the information storage unit 30, the vibration classifying unit 13 clusters the plurality of points (S32).
An example of a detailed processing of a point clustering in S32 is illustrated using a flow chart illustrated in
First, the vibration information calculated by the vibration analyzing unit 12 is classified using the vibration frequency included in the vibration information (S51).
At this time, the vibration frequency being used for classifying may allow vibration information within a preset range to be the same. In the example illustrated in
Next, the distance between the measurement points is calculated by the point information stored in the information storage unit 30 (S52).
The vibration classifying unit 13 selects two points from the measurement points at which the measurement information collecting unit 11 acquired the measurement information (S61).
Next, the distance between the measurement points between the two points selected in S61 is calculated based on the point information stored in the information storage unit 30 (S62).
Here, d indicates an electrical distance proportional to an impedance between the two measurement points, n indicates the number of a system element such as the power generator, the power load, or the phase modifier interconnected within a range of an electrical distance, which is set at a certain threshold from either point of the two measurement points, Ci indicates a rating capacity of an i-th system element interconnected within a range of an electrical distance, which is set at a certain threshold from any one of the two measurement points, and α and βi indicate a coefficient.
Here, the data configuration illustrated in
Next, in the measurement point acquiring the measurement information in the measurement information collecting unit 11, it is determined whether or not the distances between the measurement points with respect to all of combinations of two points is calculated (S63). In a case in which the distances between the measurement points with respect to all of the combinations of two points is calculated, a processing of calculating a distance between measurement points is terminated. In a case in which there is a combination of the measurement point where the distances between the measurement points is not calculated, S61 and S62 are repeated with respect to another two measurement points. By the above described processes, the distances between the measurement points with respect to all of the combinations of two measurement points are calculated.
Return to the description of the flow in
The vibration information classified in each vibration frequency in S51 is classified using the distance between the measurement points calculated in S52 (S53). At this time, using the distance between the measurement points in every classification in S51, calculated in S52, the vibration information may be classified using a clustering method represented by a ward method, a k-means method.
By the above described process, the vibration information calculated in the vibration analyzing unit 12 is classified using the point information stored in the information storage unit 30.
Return to the description of the flow of
In S32, an importance degree is calculated in every vibration information classified using the point information (S33). Here, a value of Math. 14 to be described below is set to an importance degree, and the importance degree may be increased as the vibration has greater value.
Here, Si indicates an importance degree of i-th classification vibration, Rij indicates an amplitude of j-th vibration information included in the i-th classification, σij indicates an attenuation coefficient of the j-th vibration information included in the i-th classification, and aij and bij indicate a coefficient. An importance degree Si calculated by Math. 14 becomes a great value, as the amplitude of the vibration of the i-th classification is great and the attenuation coefficient is great. Since effects in all vibration components are increased as the amplitude of vibration is great, and a possibility of being diffused is high as the attenuation coefficient is increased to be unstabilized, the system stability can be monitored by preferentially monitoring vibration in which the importance degree Si is great.
In addition, an importance degree Si may be calculated using the past vibration information. For example, in the past vibration information, in a case in which vibration including the vibration frequency continuously same or slightly changed in a period or more determined by a certain threshold is present, an importance degree Si is great, and in a case in which vibration including the vibration frequency continuously same or slightly changed in only a period of the threshold or less, the importance degree Si may be set to be small. When the importance degree Si is determined as described above, vibration due to an effect of noise which is instantaneously included in system vibration is removed, and the vibration information which is normally present can be preferentially monitored.
An importance degree in each of the vibration information calculated and classified in S31 and S32, and the vibration information calculated in S33 is displayed (S34).
The vibration information in which the importance degree is high calculated in S33 is displayed, and based on the vibration information calculated and classified in S31 and S32, the measurement point colored in every classification is displayed on the system diagram. In an example of
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-070833 | Mar 2014 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2014/074776 | 9/19/2014 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015/151316 | 10/8/2015 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9876352 | Biswas | Jan 2018 | B2 |
| 20090240382 | Mitani | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090307233 | Zhang | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20130345999 | Hafen | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 07-99742 | Apr 1995 | JP |
| 2001-352679 | Dec 2001 | JP |
| 2009-077589 | Apr 2009 | JP |
| 2013-219853 | Oct 2013 | JP |
| Entry |
|---|
| International Search Report of PCT/JP2014/074776 dated Nov. 11, 2014. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20170097271 A1 | Apr 2017 | US |
