Patent Application
20080025334
The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of certain embodiments of the present invention, will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the invention, certain embodiments are shown in the drawings. It should be understood, however, that the present invention is not limited to the arrangements and instrumentality shown in the attached drawings.
Communication nodes 110 may be and/or include radios, transmitters, satellites, receivers, workstations, servers, and/or other computing or processing devices, for example.
Network(s) 120 may be hardware and/or software for transmitting data between nodes 110, for example. Network(s) 120 may include one or more nodes 110, for example.
Link(s) 130 may be wired and/or wireless connections to allow transmissions between nodes 110 and/or network(s) 120.
The communications system 150 may include software, firmware, and/or hardware used to facilitate data transmission among the nodes 110, networks 120, and links 130, for example. As illustrated in
The communication system 150 provides dynamic management of data to help assure communications on a tactical communications network, such as the network environment 100. As shown in
In certain embodiments, the system 150 is a software system, although the system 150 may include both hardware and software components in various embodiments. The system 150 may be network hardware independent, for example. That is, the system 150 may be adapted to function on a variety of hardware and software platforms. In certain embodiments, the system 150 operates on the edge of the network rather than on nodes in the interior of the network. However, the system 150 may operate in the interior of the network as well, such as at “choke points” in the network.
The system 150 may use rules and modes or profiles to perform throughput management functions such as optimizing available bandwidth, setting information priority, and managing data links in the network. By “optimizing” bandwidth, it is meant that the presently described technology can be employed to increase an efficiency of bandwidth use to communicate data in one or more networks. Optimizing bandwidth usage may include removing functionally redundant messages, message stream management or sequencing, and message compression, for example. Setting information priority may include differentiating message types at a finer granularity than Internet Protocol (IP) based techniques and sequencing messages onto a data stream via a selected rule-based sequencing algorithm, for example. Data link management may include rule-based analysis of network measurements to affect changes in rules, modes, and/or data transports, for example. A mode or profile may include a set of rules related to the operational needs for a particular network state of health or condition. The system 150 provides dynamic, “on-the-fly” reconfiguration of modes, including defining and switching to new modes on the fly.
The communication system 150 may be configured to accommodate changing priorities and grades of service, for example, in a volatile, bandwidth-limited network. The system 150 may be configured to manage information for improved data flow to help increase response capabilities in the network and reduce communications latency. Additionally, the system 150 may provide interoperability via a flexible architecture that is upgradeable and scalable to improve availability, survivability, and reliability of communications. The system 150 supports a data communications architecture that may be autonomously adaptable to dynamically changing environments while using predefined and predictable system resources and bandwidth, for example.
In certain embodiments, the system 150 provides throughput management to bandwidth-constrained tactical communications networks while remaining transparent to applications using the network. The system 150 provides throughput management across multiple users and environments at reduced complexity to the network. As mentioned above, in certain embodiments, the system 150 runs on a host node in and/or at the top of layer four (the transport layer) of the OSI seven layer model and does not require specialized network hardware. The system 150 may operate transparently to the layer four interface. That is, an application may utilize a standard interface for the transport layer and be unaware of the operation of the system 150. For example, when an application opens a socket, the system 150 may filter data at this point in the protocol stack. The system 150 achieves transparency by allowing applications to use, for example, the TCP/IP socket interface that is provided by an operating system at a communication device on the network rather than an interface specific to the system 150. System 150 rules may be written in extensible markup language (XML) and/or provided via custom dynamic link libraries (DLLs), for example.
In certain embodiments, the system 150 provides quality of service (QoS) on the edge of the network. The system's QoS capability offers content-based, rule-based data prioritization on the edge of the network, for example. Prioritization may include differentiation and/or sequencing, for example. The system 150 may differentiate messages into queues based on user-configurable differentiation rules, for example. The messages are sequenced into a data stream in an order dictated by the user-configured sequencing rule (e.g., starvation, round robin, relative frequency, etc.). Using QoS on the edge, data messages that are indistinguishable by traditional QoS approaches may be differentiated based on message content, for example. Rules may be implemented in XML, for example. In certain embodiments, to accommodate capabilities beyond XML and/or to support extremely low latency requirements, the system 150 allows dynamic link libraries to be provided with custom code, for example.
Inbound and/or outbound data on the network may be customized via the system 150. Prioritization protects client applications from high-volume, low-priority data, for example. The system 150 helps to ensure that applications receive data to support a particular operational scenario or constraint.
In certain embodiments, when a host is connected to a LAN that includes a router as an interface to a bandwidth-constrained tactical network, the system may operate in a configuration known as QoS by proxy. In this configuration, packets that are bound for the local LAN bypass the system and immediately go to the LAN. The system applies QoS on the edge of the network to packets bound for the bandwidth-constrained tactical link.
In certain embodiments, the system 150 offers dynamic support for multiple operational scenarios and/or network environments via commanded profile switching. A profile may include a name or other identifier that allows the user or system to change to the named profile. A profile may also include one or more identifiers, such as a functional redundancy rule identifier, a differentiation rule identifier, an archival interface identifier, a sequencing rule identifier, a pre-transmit interface identifier, a post-transmit interface identifier, a transport identifier, and/or other identifier, for example. A functional redundancy rule identifier specifies a rule that detects functional redundancy, such as from stale data or substantially similar data, for example. A differentiation rule identifier specifies a rule that differentiates messages into queues for processing, for example. An archival interface identifier specifies an interface to an archival system, for example. A sequencing rule identifier identifies a sequencing algorithm that controls samples of queue fronts and, therefore, the sequencing of the data on the data stream. A pre-transmit interface identifier specifies the interface for pre-transmit processing, which provides for special processing such as encryption and compression, for example. A post-transmit interface identifier identifies an interface for post-transmit processing, which provides for processing such as de-encryption and decompression, for example. A transport identifier specifies a network interface for the selected transport.
A profile may also include other information, such as queue sizing information, for example. Queue sizing information identifiers a number of queues and amount of memory and secondary storage dedicated to each queue, for example.
In certain embodiments, the system 150 provides a rules-based approach for optimizing bandwidth. For example, the system 150 may employ queue selection rules to differentiate messages into message queues so that messages may be assigned a priority and an appropriate relative frequency on the data stream. The system 150 may use functional redundancy rules to manage functionally redundant messages. A message is functionally redundant if it is not different enough (as defined by the rule) from a previous message that has not yet been sent on the network, for example. That is, if a new message is provided that is not sufficiently different from an older message that has already been scheduled to be sent, but has not yet been sent, the newer message may be dropped, since the older message will carry functionally equivalent information and is further ahead in the queue. In addition, functional redundancy many include actual duplicate messages and newer messages that arrive before an older message has been sent. For example, a node may receive identical copies of a particular message due to characteristics of the underlying network, such as a message that was sent by two different paths for fault tolerance reasons. As another example, a new message may contain data that supersedes an older message that has not yet been sent. In this situation, the system 150 may drop the older message and send only the new message. The system 150 may also include priority sequencing rules to determine a priority-based message sequence of the data stream. Additionally, the system 150 may include transmission processing rules to provide pre-transmission and post-transmission special processing, such as compression and/or encryption.
In certain embodiments, the system 150 provides fault tolerance capability to help protect data integrity and reliability. For example, the system 150 may use user-defined queue selection rules to differentiate messages into queues. The queues are sized according to a user-defined configuration, for example. The configuration specifies a maximum amount of memory a queue may consume, for example. Additionally, the configuration may allow the user to specify a location and amount of secondary storage that may be used for queue overflow. After the memory in the queues is filled, messages may be queued in secondary storage. When the secondary storage is also full, the system 150 may remove the oldest message in the queue, logs an error message, and queues the newest message. If archiving is enabled for the operational anode, then the de-queued message may be archived with an indicator that the message was not sent on the network.
Memory and secondary storage for queues in the system 150 may be configured on a per-link basis for a specific application, for example. A longer time between periods of network availability may correspond to more memory and secondary storage to support network outages. The system 150 may be integrated with network modeling and simulation applications, for example, to help identify sizing to help ensure that queues are sized appropriately and time between outages is sufficient to help achieve steady-state and help avoid eventual queue overflow.
Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the system 150 offers the capability to meter inbound (“shaping”) and outbound (“policing”) data. Policing and shaping capabilities help address mismatches in timing in the network. Shaping helps to prevent network buffers form flooding with high-priority data queued up behind lower-priority data. Policing helps to prevent application data consumers from being overrun by low-priority data. Policing and shaping are governed by two parameters: effective link speed and link proportion. The system 150 may form a data stream that is no more than the effective link speed multiplied by the link proportion, for example. The parameters may be modified dynamically as the network changes. The system may also provide access to detected link speed to support application level decisions on data metering. Information provided by the system 150 may be combined with other network operations information to help decide what link speed is appropriate for a given network scenario.
The source node 410 is in communication with the destination node 420. The source node 410 may communicate with the destination node 420 over a link, for example. The link may be part of a tactical data network, for example. The source node 410 may communicate with the destination node 420 over more than one link and/or intermediate node, for example.
The source data communication system 415 is in communication with the destination data communication system 425. The source data communication system 415 may communicate with the destination data communication system 425 over a link, for example. The link may be part of a tactical data network, for example. The source data communication system 415 may communicate with the destination data communication system 425 over more than one link and/or intermediate node, for example.
The source node 410 is in communication with the source data communication system 415. In certain embodiments, the source data communication system 415 runs on the source node 410. In certain embodiments, the source data communication system 415 runs on a different node from the source node 410 and communicates with the source data communication system 415 over a link.
The destination node 420 is in communication with the destination data communication system 425. In certain embodiments, the destination data communication system 425 runs on the destination node 420. In certain embodiments, the destination data communication system 425 runs on a different node from the destination node 420 and communicates with the destination node 420 over a link.
The source node 410 may communicate with the destination node 420 through the source data communication system 415 and the destination data communication system 425.
The source data communication system 415 may be similar to the data communication system 150, described above, for example. The destination data communication system 425 may be similar to the data communication system 150, described above, for example. The source data communication system 415 may be similar to the destination data communication system 425, for example.
In operation, the source node 410 provides and/or generates, at least in part, data to be communicated to the destination node 420 using the source data communication system 415. The source node 410 may include, for example, an application, radio, satellite, or network. The source node 410 may communicate with the source data communication system 415 over a link, as discussed above. Alternatively, the source node 410 may be an application running on the same computing system as the source data communication system 415 and may communicate with the source data communication system 415 using inter-process communication, or using an application programming interface (API) such as sockets, for example. From the perspective of the application, the application may be unaware data is being passed to the source data communication system 415 via the interface. Thus, in certain embodiments, the source data communication system 415 may act as and/or be viewed by the source node 410 as a driver of the computing system, for example. The source node 410 may generate a continuous stream of data or may burst data, for example.
The source data communication system 415 is adapted to receive data. For example, the source data communication system 415 may receive data from the source node 410. The data may be received by a communication component.
In certain embodiments, the source data communication system 415 is adapted to prioritize data. For example, the source data communication system 415 may include one or more queues for storing, organizing, and/or prioritizing the data. Alternatively, other data structures may be used for storing, organizing, and/or prioritizing the data. For example, a table, tree, or linked list may be used. The queues or other data structures may be provided by a prioritization component, for example.
The source data communication system 415 is adapted to provide reliability on a per-message basis. That is, for data from a particular source, such as source node 410, each message communicated by the source data communication system 415 may be reliably delivered by the source data communication system 415. The reliability may be provided by a reliability component, for example. Whether a message or block of data is to be reliably delivered may be determined by a reliability rule. A reliability rule may be based on a source address, source port, destination address, destination port, and/or the content of the message, for example. For example, a reliability rule may determine that reliable delivery of a particular message is desired based on the destination IP address of the message. A reliability rule may determine whether reliable delivery of a particular message is desired based on the content of the message. For example, a message including an identifier that it contains orders may be determined to require reliable delivery. In contrast, a message including position telemetry values may not need reliable delivery. Thus, whether reliable delivery is desired may be determined on a per-message basis. In certain embodiments, a reliability rule may be defined at least in part by a user.
Reliable delivery of a message may be provided by the source data communication system 415 by setting an indicator in the data to be communicated. The indicator may be a flag, option, parameter, or value, for example. The indicator may be a Boolean flag in the header of the data, for example. In certain embodiments, the indicator is set based at least in part on a reliability rule selected from a set of available reliability rules. In certain embodiments, a header is prepended to the data to be communicated to provide the indicator. In certain embodiments, the header may include an error detection and/or correction value that may be utilized by a recipient of the data to determine whether the data may have been corrupted.
The source data communication system 415 may keep a copy of the data after it has been transmitted. The copy of the data may be kept until delivery of the data has been acknowledged, for example. The delivery of the data may be acknowledged by an acknowledgement message, for example. The acknowledgement message may be communicated from the destination data communication system 425, for example. If delivery of the data is not acknowledged within in a predetermined period of time, the source data communication system 415 may retransmit the data. The data may be retransmitted based at least in part on the copy of the data. The source data communication system 415 may retransmit the message on the assumption that the originally transmitted data was lost, for example. If an acknowledgement is not received for the original data or the copy of the data that has been retransmitted, the copy may again be retransmitted until the data is successfully received and acknowledged.
In certain embodiments, the source data communication system 415 is adapted to communicate data to the destination node 420. Communicating data to the destination node 420 may include communicating data to the destination data communication system 425. The data may be communicated by a communication component similar to the communication component discussed above, for example. The communicated data may be and/or include the data received from the source node 410 by the communication component, for example. The communicated data may be the data prioritized by the prioritization component, for example. In certain embodiments, the data is communicated at least in part over a tactical data network. For example, the data may be communicated from the source data communication node 415 over a satellite radio link.
The destination data communication system 425 is adapted to receive data. The destination data communication system 425 receives, at least in part, the data communicated from the source data communication system 415. The data may be received by a communication component, for example.
The destination data communication system 425 is adapted to support reliable delivery of data communicated from the source data communication system 415. When the destination data communication system 425 receives the data, if an indicator is set indicating that reliable delivery of the data is desired, the destination data communication system 425 acknowledges receipt of the data. The indicator may be in a header in the data, for example. Receipt of the data may be acknowledged by an acknowledgement message, for example. The destination data communication system 425 may send an acknowledgement message to the source node 410 and/or the source data communication system 415 indicating receipt of the data. In certain embodiments, the data may include an error detection and/or correction value. The error detection and/or correction value may be utilized to determine whether the data may have been corrupted during communication. If the data has been corrupted, the destination data communication system 425 may not send an acknowledgement of receipt of the data.
When data is received and an acknowledgement is sent, it is possible the acknowledgement may not reach the source data communication system 415. For example, the acknowledgement message may get lost and/or dropped by an intermediate link or node. In this situation, the source data communication system 415 may retransmit the data, believing the data to have not been successfully delivered. Thus, the destination data communication system 425 may receive a duplicate copy of the data. In certain embodiments, the destination data communication system 425 is adapted to detect such a duplicate copy of the data. The destination data communication system 425 may drop a duplicate copy of the data. The destination data communication system 425 may acknowledge one or both of the original data and/or the copy of the data so that the source data communication system 415 is notified of receipt of the data.
In certain embodiments, the destination data communication system 425 is adapted to prioritize data. For example, the destination data communication system 425 may include one or more queues for storing, organizing, and/or prioritizing the data. Alternatively, other data structures may be used for storing, organizing, and/or prioritizing the data. For example, a table, tree, or linked list may be used. The queues or other data structures may be provided by a prioritization component, for example. The data may be prioritized for delivery to the destination node 420, for example.
The destination data communication system 425 is adapted to communicate data to the destination node 420. The destination data communication system 425 may transmit the data to the destination node 420, for example. The destination data communication system 425 may communicate the data over a link. For example, the destination data communication system 425 may transmit the data over a tactical data network. Alternatively, the destination data communication system 425 may transmit the data to an application running on the same computing system as the destination data communication system 425. The destination data communication system 425 may communicate with the application using inter-process communication, or using an API such as sockets, for example. From the perspective of the application, the application may be unaware data is being received from the destination data communication system 425 via the interface. Thus, in certain embodiments, the destination data communication system 425 may act as and/or be viewed by the application as a driver of the computing system, for example.
The destination node 420 receives, at least in part, data handled by the destination data communication system 425. The destination node 420 may include, for example, an application, radio, satellite, or network. The destination node 420 may communicate with the destination data communication system 425 over a link, as discussed above. Alternatively, the destination node 420 may be an application running on the same computing system as the destination data communication system 425 and may communicate with the destination data communication system 425 using inter-process communication, or using an API such as sockets, for example. From the perspective of the application, the application may be unaware data is being passed from the destination data communication system 425 via the interface. Thus, in certain embodiments, the destination data communication system 425 may act as and/or be viewed by the destination node 420 as a driver of the computing system, for example.
The data received, stored, prioritized, processed, communicated, and/or transmitted by the source data communication system 415, the destination data communication system 425, the source node 410, and/or the destination node 420 may include a block of data. The block of data may be, for example, a packet, cell, frame, and/or stream. For example, the destination data communication system 425 may receive packets of data from the source data communication system 415. As another example, the source data communication system 415 may process a stream of data from the source node 410.
As discussed above, the components, elements, and/or functionality of the source data communication system 415 and/or the destination data communication system 425 may be implemented alone or in combination in various forms in hardware, firmware, and/or as a set of instructions in software, for example. Certain embodiments may be provided as a set of instructions residing on a computer-readable medium, such as a memory, hard disk, DVD, or CD, for execution on a general purpose computer or other processing device.
The data communication system 500 may be similar to the data communication system 150, discussed above, for example. The data communication system 500 may be similar to the source data communication system 415, discussed above, for example. The data communication system 500 may be similar to the destination data communication system 425, discussed above, for example.
In operation, the communication component 510 is adapted to receive data. The communication component 510 may receive data from the source node 410. The communication component 510 may receive data from the destination node 420. The communication component 510 may receive data from another data communication component, such as the source data communication system 415 and/or the destination data communication system 425. The communication component 510 may receive the data over a link, for example. Alternatively, the communication component 510 may receive the data from an application running on the same computing system as the communication component 510. The communication component 510 may communicate with the application using inter-process communication, or using an API such as sockets, for example. From the perspective of the application, the application may be unaware data is being passed to the communication component 510 via the interface. Thus, in certain embodiments, the communication component 510 may act as and/or be viewed by the application as a driver of the computing system, for example.
The communication component 510 is adapted to transmit data. The communication component 510 may transmit the data to the source node 410 and/or the destination node 420, for example. As another example, the communication component 510 may transmit the data to source data communication system 415 and/or the destination data communication component 425. The communication component 510 may transmit the data over a link. For example, the communication component 510 may transmit the data over a tactical data network. Alternatively, the communication component 510 may transmit the data to an application running on the same computing system as the communication component 510. The communication component 510 may communicate with the application using inter-process communication, or using an API such as sockets, for example. From the perspective of the application, the application may be unaware data is being received from the communication component 510 via the interface. Thus, in certain embodiments, the communication component 510 may act as and/or be viewed by the application as a driver of the computing system, for example.
The prioritization component 520 is adapted to organize and/or prioritize data. The data to be prioritized may be the data received by the communication component 510. In certain embodiments, the prioritization component 520 may determine a priority for a block of data. For example, when a block of data is received by the communication component 510, the prioritization component 520 may determine a priority for that block of data. As another example, a block of data may be stored in a queue in the prioritization component 520 and the prioritization component 520 may extract the block of data from the queue based on a determined priority for the block of data and/or for the queue.
The prioritization of the data by the prioritization component 520 may be used to provide and/or support QoS, for example. For example, the prioritization component 520 may determine a priority for data received over a tactical data network. The priority may be based on the content of the data, for example. For example, data from a general with orders for units in the field may be given higher priority than a chat session between two soldiers not on patrol. The priority may be used to determine which of a plurality of queues the data should be placed into for subsequent communication by the communication system 510. For example, higher priority data may be placed in a queue intended to hold higher priority data, and in turn, the prioritization component 520, in determining what data to next communicate, may look first to the higher priority queue.
In certain embodiments, the prioritization component is adapted to prioritize the data may based at least in part on one or more prioritization rules. As discussed above, the prioritization rules may be user defined. In certain embodiments, rules may be written in XML and/or provided via custom DLLs, for example. A rule may specify, for example, that data received from one application or node be favored over data from another application or node.
The reliability component 530 is adapted to indicate that reliable delivery of data is desired. The reliability component 530 is adapted to provide reliability on a per-message basis. That is, for data from a particular source, such as source node 410, each message communicated by the data communication system 500 may be reliably delivered by the data communication system 500. The reliability component 530 may use one or more reliability rules to determine whether the data is to be reliably delivered. A reliability rule may be based on a source address, source port, destination address, destination port, and/or the content of the message, for example. For example, the reliability component 530 may use a reliability rule to determine that reliable delivery of a particular message is desired based on the destination IP address of the message. The reliability component 530 may use a reliability rule to determine whether reliable delivery of a particular message is desired based on the content of the message. For example, a message including an identifier that it contains orders may be determined to require reliable delivery. In contrast, a message including position telemetry values may not need reliable delivery. In certain embodiments, a reliability rule may be defined at least in part by a user.
The reliability component 530 may set an indicator in the data to be communicated to indicate that reliable delivery of the data is desired. The indicator may be a flag, option, parameter, or value, for example. The indicator may be a Boolean flag in the header of the data, for example. In certain embodiments, the reliability component 530 is adapted to set the indicator based at least in part on a reliability rule selected from a set of available reliability rules. In certain embodiments, a header is prepended to the data to be communicated to provide the indicator. In certain embodiments, the header may include an error detection and/or correction value that may be utilized by a recipient of the data to determine whether the data may have been corrupted.
The reliability component 530 may keep a copy of the data if reliable delivery is desired. The copy of the data may be kept until delivery of the data has been acknowledged, for example. The delivery of the data may be acknowledged by an acknowledgement message, for example. The acknowledgement message may be communicated from a reliability component of the destination data communication system 425, for example. If delivery of the data is not acknowledged within in a predetermined period of time, the reliability component may cause the data to be retransmitted. The data may be retransmitted by the communication component 510, for example. The data may be retransmitted based at least in part on the copy of the data. The data may be retransmitted on the assumption that the originally transmitted data was lost, for example. If an acknowledgement is not received for the original data or the copy of the data that has been retransmitted, the copy may again be retransmitted until the data is successfully received and acknowledged.
The reliability component 530 is adapted to support reliable delivery of data communicated from a data communication system, such as the source data communication system 415. When the communication component 510 receives the data, if an indicator is set indicating that reliable delivery of the data is desired, the reliability component 530 acknowledges receipt of the data. The indicator may be in a header in the data, for example. The reliability component 530 may acknowledge receipt of the data by an acknowledgement message, for example. The reliability component 530 may cause an acknowledgement message to be sent the source node 410 and/or the source data communication system 415 indicating receipt of the data, for example. In certain embodiments, the data may include an error detection and/or correction value. The error detection and/or correction value may be utilized by the reliability component 530 to determine whether the data may have been corrupted during communication. If the data has been corrupted, the reliability component 530 may not send an acknowledgement of receipt of the data.
When data is received and an acknowledgement is sent, it is possible the acknowledgement may not reach the sender that requested reliable delivery, such as the source data communication system 415. For example, the acknowledgement message may get lost and/or dropped by an intermediate link or node. In this situation, the sender may retransmit the data, believing the data to have not been successfully delivered. Thus, the data communication system 500 may receive a duplicate copy of the data. In certain embodiments, the reliability component 530 is adapted to detect such a duplicate copy of the data. The reliability component 530 may drop or delete a duplicate copy of the data. In certain embodiments, the reliability component 530 may process the duplicate copy based at least in part on functional redundancy rules, similar to the functional redundancy rules discussed above. The reliability component 530 may acknowledge one or both of the original data and/or the copy of the data so that the sender is notified of receipt of the data.
In certain embodiments, the data communication system 500 includes a mode or profile indicator. The mode indicator may represent the current mode or state of the data communication system 500, for example. As discussed above, the data communications system 500 may use rules, such as prioritization rules and reliability rules, and modes or profiles to perform throughput management functions such as optimizing available bandwidth, setting information priority, and managing data links in the network. The different modes may affecting changes in rules and/or modes, for example. A mode or profile may include a set of rules, related to the operational needs for a particular network state of health or condition. The data communication system 500 may provide dynamic reconfiguration of modes, including defining and switching to new modes “on-the-fly,” for example.
In certain embodiments, the data communication system 500 is transparent to other applications. For example, the processing, organizing, and/or prioritization performed by the source data communication system 415 may be transparent to the source node 410 or other applications or data sources. For example, an application running on the same system as data communication system 500, or on a node connected to the data communication system 500, may be unaware of the prioritization of data performed by the data communication system 500.
In certain embodiments, the data communication system 500 and/or components of the data communication system 500 may not receive all of the data. For example, some of the data may be stored in a buffer and the data communication system 500 may receive only header information and a pointer to the buffer. For example, the data communication system 500 may be hooked into the protocol stack of an operating system and when an application passes data to the operating system through a transport layer interface (e.g., sockets), the operating system may then provide access to the data to the data communication system 500.
As discussed above, the components, elements, and/or functionality of the data communication system 500 may be implemented alone or in combination in various forms in hardware, firmware, and/or as a set of instructions in software, for example. Certain embodiments may be provided as a set of instructions residing on a computer-readable medium, such as a memory, hard disk, DVD, or CD, for execution on a general purpose computer or other processing device.
In one embodiment, for example, a tank platoon leader includes a radio to communicate with other elements of the platoon over a tactical data network. The radio is interfaced to a data communication system. The data communication system may be similar to the data communication system 500, described above, for example. The leader transmits position telemetry data to the other elements every second. In addition, the leader periodically transmits orders to the other elements of the platoon. The data communication system 500 provides reliability for the orders to insure that they are received by the other elements. The orders to be sent with reliability have an indicator set so that the receiving units will acknowledge receipt. In the event that an order is lost, the data communication system 500 will resend the order after a predetermined period of time, until an acknowledgement is received. In contrast, no reliability is required for the position telemetry data, as it is lower priority and is communicated more frequently.
At step 610, data is prioritized. The data may be received from a node or application, for example. For example, the data may be received from the source node 410. As another example, the data may be received from an application running on the same computing system as a data communication system 500. The data may be prioritized and/or organized by data communication system 500, the source data communication system 415, and/or the destination data communication system 425, for example. The data may be prioritized by a prioritization component, for example. The prioritization component may be similar to the prioritization component 520, for example. In certain embodiments, the data communication system 500 may determine a priority for a block of data. For example, when a block of data is received by the data communication system 500, the prioritization component 520 of the data communication system 500 may determine a priority for that block of data. As another example, a block of data may be stored in a queue in the data communication system 500 and the prioritization component 520 may extract the block of data from the queue based on a priority determined for the block of data and/or for the queue.
The prioritization of the data may be used to provide and/or support QoS, for example. For example, the data communication system 500 may determine a priority for a data received over a tactical data network. The priority may be based on the content of the data, for example. For example, data from a general with orders for units in the field may be given higher priority than a chat session between two soldiers not on patrol. The priority may be used to determine which of a plurality of queues the data should be placed into for subsequent communication by the data communication system 500. For example, higher priority data may be placed in a queue intended to hold higher priority data, and in turn, the data communication system 500, in determining what data to next communicate may look first to the higher priority queue.
The data may be prioritized based at least in part on one or more priority rules. As discussed above, the priority rules may be user defined and/or programmed based on system and/or operational constraints, for example. In certain embodiments, rules may be written in XML and/or provided via custom DLLs, for example. A priority rule may specify, for example, that data received from one application or node be favored over data from another application or node.
In certain embodiments, the data to be prioritized is not dropped. That is, although data may be low priority, it is not dropped by the data communication system 500. Rather, the data may be delayed for a period of time, potentially dependent on the amount of higher priority data that is received.
At step 620, an indicator is set. The indicator may be set in the data prioritized at step 610, for example. The indicator may be set to indicate that reliable delivery of the data is desired, for example. The indicator may be a flag, option, parameter, or value, for example. The indicator may be a Boolean flag in the header of the data, for example. In certain embodiments, a header is prepended to the data to be communicated to provide the indicator. In certain embodiments, the indicator is set based at least in part on a reliability rule selected from a set of available reliability rules. The indicator may be set by a data communication system similar to the source data communication system 425, for example. The indicator may be set by a reliability component, such as reliability component 520.
The indicator may be set on a per-message basis. The indicator may be set based at least in part on one or more reliability rules. A reliability rule may be based on a source address, source port, destination address, destination port, and/or the content of the message, for example. For example, the indicator may be set when a reliability rule determines that reliable delivery of a particular message is desired based on the destination IP address of the message. The indicator may be set based on a reliability rule determining whether reliable delivery of a particular message is desired based on the content of the message. For example, a message including an identifier that it contains orders may be determined to require reliable delivery, and thus the indicator may be set. In contrast, a message including position telemetry values may not need reliable delivery, and thus the indicator may not be set. In certain embodiments, a reliability rule may be defined at least in part by a user.
At step 630, data is transmitted. The data may be transmitted by the source data communication system 415, the destination data communication system 425, and/or the data communication system 500, for example. The data may be transmitted by a communication component, for example. The communication component may be similar to the communication component 510, for example. The data communicated may be the data prioritized at step 610, for example. The data communicated may include the indicator set at step 620, for example.
Data may be communicated from the data communication system 500, for example. The data may be communicated to the destination node 420 and/or the destination data communication component 425, for example. The data may be communicated over one or more links, for example. For example, the data may be communicated by the data communication system 500 over a tactical data network. As another example, data may be provided by the destination data communication system 425 to an application running on the same system by an inter-process communication mechanism and/or an API such as sockets.
At step 640, an acknowledgement may be received. The acknowledgement may be an acknowledgement message, for example. The acknowledgement may indicate receipt of the data transmitted at step 630, for example. The acknowledgement message may be communicated from the destination data communication system 425, for example. The destination data communication system 425 may send an acknowledgement message to the source node 410 and/or the source data communication system 415 indicating receipt of the data, for example. In certain embodiments, the data may include an error detection and/or correction value. The error detection and/or correction value may be utilized to determine whether the data may have been corrupted during communication. If the data has been corrupted, the destination data communication system 425 may not send an acknowledgement of receipt of the data.
At step 650, data is retransmitted. Data may be retransmitted when a predetermined period of time has elapsed and an acknowledgement of delivery has not been received at step 640, for example. The data to be retransmitted may be, at least in part, a copy of the data transmitted at step 630, for example. The data may be retransmitted by the source data communication component 415, for example. As another example, the data may be retransmitted by the reliability component 530.
The data may be retransmitted on the assumption that the originally transmitted data was lost, for example. If an acknowledgement is not received for the original data or the copy of the data that has been retransmitted, the copy may again be retransmitted until the data is successfully received and acknowledged.
In certain embodiments, data is received. Data may be received at the data communication system 500, for example. The data may be received by a communication component, for example. The communication component may be similar to the communication component 510, for example. The data may be received over one or more links, for example. The data may be provided and/or generated by the source node 410, for example. For example, data may be received at the source data communication system 415 from a workstation in a command center over a high speed LAN. As another example, data may be provided to the data communication system 500 by an application running on the same system by an inter-process communication mechanism. As discussed above, the data may be a block of data, for example. In certain embodiments, the data is received over a tactical data network. For example, the data may be received over a satellite radio from a unit in the field.
In certain embodiments, the data communication system 500 may not receive all of the data. For example, some of the data may be stored in a buffer and the data communication system 500 may receive only header information and a pointer to the buffer. For example, the data communication system 500 may be hooked into the protocol stack of an operating system, and, when an application passes data to the operating system through a transport layer interface (e.g., sockets), the operating system may then provide access to the data to the data communication system 500.
In certain embodiments, a mode or profile indicator may represent the current mode or state of the data communication system 500, for example. As discussed above, the rules, such as prioritization rules and/or reliability rules, and modes or profiles may be used to perform throughput management functions such as optimizing available bandwidth, setting information priority, and managing data links in the network. The different modes may affecting changes in rules and/or modes, for example. A mode or profile may include a set of rules related to the operational needs for a particular network state of health or condition. The data communication system 500 may provide dynamic reconfiguration of modes, including defining and switching to new modes “on-the-fly,” for example.
In certain embodiments, the data communication system 500 is transparent to other applications. For example, the processing, organizing, and/or prioritization performed by the source data communication system 415 may be transparent to the source node 410 or other applications or data sources. For example, an application running on the same system as data communication system 500, or on a node connected to the data communication system 500, may be unaware of the prioritization of data performed by the data communication system 500.
One or more of the steps of the method 600 may be implemented alone or in combination in hardware, firmware, and/or as a set of instructions in software, for example. Certain embodiments may be provided as a set of instructions residing on a computer-readable medium, such as a memory, hard disk, DVD, or CD, for execution on a general purpose computer or other processing device.
Certain embodiments of the present invention may omit one or more of these steps and/or perform the steps in a different order than the order listed. For example, some steps may not be performed in certain embodiments of the present invention. As a further example, certain steps may be performed in a different temporal order, including simultaneously, than listed above.
Thus, certain embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for assured communications with QoS. Certain embodiments provide a technical effect of a assured communications with QoS.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.
