The disclosure herein generally relates to systems and methods for attaching identification information to an animal.
Animals including laboratory animals generally need to be identified. An animal may be tattooed with identity information in the form of a plurality of symbols, have an identity tag attached, or have an ear notched. The identity of animals may be determined by inspecting the ear identification notches, attached tag, or tattoo, which may be relatively expensive and time consuming, especially if there are many animals to be marked. There may be a hundreds or thousands of animals in a research facility, making manual marking and recording the identities unattractive. Radio frequency identified tags may be externally attached to an animal so that it can be identified. An RFID tag may be attached to an ear of an animal, for example. This may be time consuming and/or difficult in some circumstances, for example when attaching RFID tags to hundreds or thousands of mice in a facility.
In the context of this specification, an animal may be generally any suitable non-human animal or human, including a laboratory animal, a rodent, a rat, a mouse, a cat, a dog, a rabbit, a bird including a poultry bird, livestock including cattle, sheep and horses, a zoo animal or generally any type of animal.
Disclosed herein is a system for attaching a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag to an animal when received thereby. The system is configured for mounting thereto a RFID tag magazine comprising a plurality of cannulas that each contain at least one RFID tag. The RFID tag magazine is configured for presentation of any one of the plurality of cannulas to the animal when so received.
An embodiment is for implanting the RFID tag to the animal.
In an embodiment, the plurality of cannulas each comprise a plurality of RFID tags. Alternatively, the plurality of cannulas each comprise a single RFID tag.
An embodiment is configured for rotationally mounting thereto the tag magazine.
In an embodiment, the RFID tag magazine comprises a fluted rotor having a plurality of flutes in which the plurality of cannulas are received for sliding presentation of any one of the plurality of cannulas to the animal when so received.
An embodiment comprises cannula actuator engagable with a selected cannula of the plurality of cannulas, and when so engaged with the selected cannula, slidingly present the selected cannula to the animal when so received.
An embodiment comprises a plunger movable within any one of the plurality of cannulas for positioning the RFID tag.
An embodiment comprises:
An embodiment is to withdraw the cannula actuator while holding the plunger stationary such that the RFID remains stationary.
Disclosed herein is a RFID tag magazine for a system for attaching a RFID tag to an animal when received thereby. The RFID tag magazine comprises a plurality of cannulas that each contain at least one RFID tag wherein the magazine is configured for presentation of any one of the plurality of cannulas to the animal when so received.
In an embodiment, the plurality of cannulas each comprise a plurality of RFID tags.
In an embodiment, the plurality of cannulas each comprise a single RFID tag.
In an embodiment, the tag magazine is configured for rotational mounting within the system.
An embodiment is configured for rotationally mounting the system for attaching a RFID tag to the animal when received thereby.
An embodiment comprises a fluted rotor having a plurality of flutes in which the plurality of cannulas are received for sliding presentation of any one of the plurality of cannulas to the animal when so received.
Disclosed herein is a system for marking an animal when received thereby. The system is configured for mounting thereto a tattooing needle magazine comprising a plurality of tattoo needles. The magazine is configured for presenting any one of the plurality of tattoo needles to the animal when so received.
An embodiment comprises a tattoo needle holder to which any one of the plurality of tattoo needles may be held and subsequently removed from the tattooing needle magazine.
In an embodiment, the tattooing needle magazine comprises a housing and a carousel housed in the housing, and the plurality of needles are attached to the carousel. The housing may define an opening for passage of the plurality of needles.
An embodiment comprises at least one of a plurality of ink receiving portions and a needle cleaning fluid reservoir.
In an embodiment, the mark is human readable.
Disclosed herein is a tattooing needle magazine for a system for marking an animal when received thereby. The tattooing needle magazine comprises a plurality of tattoo needles, wherein the magazine is configured for presenting any one of the plurality of tattoo needles to the animal when so received.
An embodiment is configured for a tattoo needle holder to remove any one of the plurality of tattoo needles from the tattooing needle magazine.
An embodiment comprises comprising a housing and a carousel housed in the housing, wherein the plurality of needles are attached to the carousel. The housing may define an opening for passage of the plurality of needles.
Disclosed herein is a system for attaching identification information to an animal. The system comprising a system for attaching a RFID tag to the animal. The system comprises a system for marking an animal. The system comprises a controller for controlling the system for attaching the RFID tag and the system for marking the animal.
An embodiment is configured for receiving at least one further system for attaching a RFID tag and at least one further system for marking an animal. The mark may be human readable.
In an embodiment, the mark comprises a plurality of symbols encoding the identification information.
In an embodiment, the system for attaching a RFID tag to the animal comprises an RFID attachment module, and the system for marking the animal comprises an animal marking module, and the controller comprises a control module.
In an embodiment, the RFID attachment module, the animal marking module and the control module are fastened together.
An embodiment comprises a plurality of RFID attachment modules and a plurality of animal marking modules.
In an embodiment, the plurality of RFID attachment modules, the plurality of animal marking modules, and the control module are fastened together.
In an embodiment, the controller causes the magazine rotor of the RFID tag to rotate after the presented cannula has been empties of RFID tags, and present another cannula having at least one RFID tag.
In an embodiment, the controller is in communication with a computing device, and the controller is configured to send identification information attached to the animal to the computing device for storage in a datastore.
An embodiment comprises a plurality of motors operationally coupled to at least some of the RFID tag magazine, the carousel, the plunger and the cannula actuator.
In an embodiment, the controller rotates the carousel and presents a tattoo needle and when the tattoo needle completes a predefined number of tattoos or tattoo characters, the controller rotates the carousel and presents another tattoo needle.
Disclosed herein is a device for restraining the tail of an animal, the device comprising a platform for receiving the body of the animal and a tail gripping channel arranged for receiving therein a proximal portion of the tail.
In an embodiment, the tail gripping channel comprises resilient grips that close on the tail when received thereby.
An embodiment comprises a tail clip disposed across the tail gripping channel.
Disclosed herein is a method for attaching a radio frequency identification tag to an animal, the method comprising the steps of:
presenting a cannula to an animal received by a system for attaching a RFID tag to the animal; and
Disclosed herein is a method for marking an animal, the method comprising the steps of:
Disclosed herein is a method for attaching identification information to an animal, the method comprising at the steps of at least one of:
In the various disclosure above, the RFID tag or each of the plurality of RFID tags can be interrogated by a RFID reader to derive identification information.
Disclosed herein is non-transitory processor readable tangible media including program instructions which when executed by a processor causes the processor to perform a method disclosed above.
Disclosed herein is a computer program for instructing a processor, which when executed by the processor causes the processor to perform a method disclosed above.
Any of the various features of each of the above disclosures, and of the various features of the embodiments described below, can be combined as suitable and desired.
Embodiments will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying figures in which:
A RFID reader can interrogate the RFID tag 15 attached to the animal 13 to derive identification information indicative of the identification of the animal. A person may read the mark 16, which may be indicative of the identification of the animal or some other information. Applications of the attached RFID tag 15 and/or mark 16 include identification of non-human animals in research laboratories and facilities, for example, during preclinical trials or behavioural experiment's. The research laboratories or facilities may have hundreds or thousands of animals.
The system 10 comprises a system 20 in the form of an RFID attachment module for attaching a RFID tag 15 to the animal 13 when received thereby. The system 10 comprises a system 30 in the form of a marking module for marking the animal 13 when received thereby. The system 10 comprises a controller 40 in the form of a control module for controlling the system 20 for attaching the RFID tag 15 and controlling the system 30 for marking the animal 13.
Generally, the systems 20,30 and the controller 40 may be fastened together to form system 10. Alternatively, the systems may be separated and in communication with each other by a point-to-point connection or via a network.
Communications connectors 12 in the form of UBS or serial connectors, for example, are provided on the sidewalls of the systems 20,30 and the controller 40. The communication connectors fasten the modules together and enable inter-module communications. Alternatively, the connectors 12 may be mechanical connectors for fastening the modules 20, 30, 40 together and communication is wireless, for example at radio frequencies using a BLUETOOTH protocol or generally any suitable protocol. The connectors 12 communicate information including control instructions to the systems 20,30 from the control module 40 and provide telemetry. A capping unit 50 is at one end of the system 10, and the controller 40 is at the other end, however in other embodiments the controller 40 may be in the middle of the system 10, for example, and there may not be a capping unit 50. The controller 40 is powered by mains electricity, but may alternatively be powered by an internal battery. The controller 40 in this but not necessarily in all embodiments supplies electrical power to the systems 20, 30. Electrical power may be supplied to the modules 20,30 via connectors 12.
The controller 40 has a communications interface 39 comprising a physical communications interface and is connected to one of a computer network 43, internetwork or point-to-point connection via the physical communications interface. The controller 40 is connected to a computing device 41 via a computer network 43, internetwork, or point-to-point connection. The network 43 may be a personal area network (e.g. a Universal Serial Bus network, a BLUETOOTH network, a FireWire network), a packet-switched network, a local area network (e.g. an Ethernet network defined by the standard IEEE 802.3 or a variant thereof, a Wi-Fi network defined by the standard IEEE 802.11 or a variant thereof, a Fibre Channel network), a metropolitan area network, a wide area network (e.g. packet over SONET/SDH, MPLS, Frame Relay), or a meshed radio network, for example, a ZIGBEE or DUST network, or any other suitable network. The internetwork may comprise a plurality of networks of any suitable type. The control module 40 can communicate with the computing device 41. The computing device is configured to receive from the control module 40 the identification information marked on the animal 13 and written to the RFID tag 15 attached to the animal 13. The identification information may be stored in an electronic datastore 45 in the form of an electronic database or electronic file. The datastore may be accessed by a machine or a user to determine information about an animal by using the animal's identification information.
Generally, the controller 40 causes the system 10 to automatically attach the RFID tag 15 to the tail 14 of the animal 13 and the system 10 to automatically mark the tail 14 of the animal 13. The mark in the form of a tattoo 16 generally comprises at least one symbol (for example, 1, 2, 3, 4 or more characters which may form of string of symbols), for example at least one of the ASCII characters, Chinese characters, or generally any suitable symbol. The at least one symbol generally but not necessarily is indicative of the identity of the animal 13. Alternatively, the identity information may be encoded, for example, as a bar code.
The tag magazine 60 comprises a fluted rotor 64 having a plurality of flutes 66 in which the plurality of cannulas 62 are received for sliding presentation of any one of the plurality of cannulas to the animal 13 when so received. The system 20 has a cannula actuator in the form of a tube 121 operationally couple to the magazine 60 for pushing the cannula 62 outwardly, out of the flute 66 that sheaths the cannula, and subsequently withdrawing the cannula when the RFID tag therein are spent. The plunger 120 is disposed within the tube 121.
The system 20 has at least one RFID reader 136 in communication with the controller 40. The RFID reader 136 is cooperates with the controller 40 to validate the RFID tag 15 before, during or after implantation thereof. The controller 40 triggers the RFID reader 136 to write to the RFID tag 15 the animal identification information indicative of the identity of the animal 13. The animal identity information may comprise the information conveyed by the mark, which in this but not all embodiments comprises the symbols tattooed on the animal 13. Also written to the RFID tag 15 may be enclosure information indicative of the identity of an enclosure in which the animal 13 is associated with (for example, will be disposed), a study protocol identifier to which the rodent belongs and any other information that maybe written to the user memory of the RFID tag 15.
The system 30 comprises a plurality of tattoo ink receiving portions 80, 82 in the form of tattoo ink cartridge recesses which are each configured to receive a tattoo ink cartridge 84 in the form of a sealed tattoo ink cartridge.
The systems 20, 30 comprise a plurality of motors for moving and are operationally coupled to the tag magazine, the carousel 78, the tattoo needles, the plunger, the cannula actuator, and operate the ink pump system and the cleaning fluid pump system. A computer program causes the controller 40 to operate the actuators.
The controller 40 has non-transitory processor readable tangible media including program instructions which when executed by a processor within the controller, causes the controller to perform an embodiment of a method. The controller may control at least one of (a) the characters of a tattoo applied to the animal 13, and where the characters are sequential, which device applies which symbols and the order in which the symbols are applied, and (b) the order in which either a tattoo or RFID tag 15 is applied to the tail 14.
The controller 40 rotates the carousel 78 to present a selected needle for tattooing until it has completed a predefined number of tattoos or tattoo characters or is worn, after which the controller rotates the next selected needle into position. The controller continues to rotate unused needles into position until all the used needles are used. The controller 40 then indicates on the user interface that a new tattooing needle magazine is to replace the received magazine 70. The controller 40 presents information about the progress of the tattoo application and RFID tag 15 attachment and other information on a user interface 114. The user interface comprises an electronic display 115.
In an embodiment of an animal holder 168 shown in
In an embodiment at an animal holder 160 shown in
The body 108 is restrained on the platform so that it does not move from the platform and the rodent tail is gripped immediately after the torso to ensure the tail is restrained in a precise at known position.
An embodiment of a method of operating an injection mechanism 206 may comprise at least some of the following steps:
In this embodiment of 21, the following operation may be enabled:
In another embodiment of 20 the injection mechanism, 22, operates as follows:
In this embodiment of 22, the following operation is enabled:
In another embodiment of 20 the injection mechanism, 23, operates as follows:
In this embodiment, the RFID tag is injected into the bottom side of the tail and the following operation is enabled:
In one embodiment of 21, 22 and 23, the injection mechanism is operated by a processor. In another embodiment of 21, 22 and 23 the injection mechanism is operated by a technician manually, for example by using the user interface 114.
RFID Tag
The RFID tag 15 is in the form of a RFID tag comprising an antenna. The RFID tag 15 has a length of 4 mm, width 0.5 mm and a height of 0.2 mm. The radio device comprises an assembly comprising a RFID device 130 in the form of an IMPINJ MONZA RP-6 RFID integrated circuit. The assembly has a dipole antenna 132 comprising 2 parts that are each 2 mm long strips of copper that are gold plated. The assembly comprises an antenna substrate in the form of a sheet of KAPTON 134. The assembly is encapsulated in parylene, the encapsulating layer of parylene having a thickness of 2-5 μm. In an alternative embodiment, the RFID tag is a SAW RFID tag. Generally, any suitable RFID tag may be used.
The RFID device 130 has read and write capabilities and a memory to store data, operating in the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band for example, in the range of 860 MHz to 920 MHz to ISO 18000-6 and EPC Gen 2 standards), configured to work within the regulated power maximum of 4 watts EIRP for the USA and other countries that operate to this standard and 2 watts ERP for the European Union. The electromagnetic wave that provides power to the RFID tag 14 is in this but not necessarily in all embodiments a RFID an interrogation radio wave from a RFID reader, for example. The RFID tag 15 responds to receiving the RFID interrogation radio wave, by the RFID device 130 of the RFID tag 15 generating an identification radio signal carrying information in the form of identification information which is transmitted as the identification radio wave. The radio signal is generated according to an air interface protocol which may be any suitable air interface protocol, for example RAIN RFID, and EPC global UHF Class 1 Gen2/ISO 18000-63 (formerly 18000-6C).
The identification information may be unique, or at least unique for a group of animals. However, the identification information may not be unique, but rather identify some other feature of the animal, for example the sex and genetic characteristic. Generally, but not necessarily, the identification information comprises a code in the form of an Electronic Product Code (EPC) is stored in the RFID tag's memory. The code is written to the RFID tag 15 by a RFID reader, and which may take the form of, for example, a 96-bit string of data. Alternative embodiments may not store an EPC. The first eight bits may be a header which identifies the version of the air interface protocol. The next 28 bits may identify the organization that manages the data for this tag. The organization number may be assigned by the EPC global consortium. The EPC or part thereof may be used as a key or index number to uniquely identify that particular animal represented in a data store in the form of an electronic database. In this embodiment, stored in RFID tag user memory is an object class, identifying the kind of animal the tag is attached to (e.g. “mouse” or “rat”), and a unique number for a particular tag encoded as follows:
The RFID tag 15 is responsive to an interrogating radio wave in the ultra-high frequency (UHF) band, in this but not all embodiments.
RFID Reader
The RFID readers comprises a RFID antennae and a RFID receiver is signal communication with the antennae. Electrically conductive pathways in the form of cables wires and/or traces for example, may electrically connect the RFID antennae and the RFID receiver. The cables are in this embodiment co-axial cables for radio frequencies, for example UHF, received and/or transmitted by the RFID tag 15. The RFID reader receiver comprises an amplifier that amplifies the RFID tag radio signal received via the antennae. The receiver comprises a demodulator that compares the modulated signal to a signal generated by an oscillator of the same carrier frequency, thereby extracting a message from the radio signal.
A RFID reader controller in the form of a digital signal processor is configured to process the message extracted from the signal to obtain the animal identification information. The RFID reader controller sends the animal identification information. The RFID reader controller generally controls communications with middleware and backend systems, runs the primary operation systems for the RFID reader, and controls memory usage.
A code in the form of an Electronic Product Code (EPC) may be stored in the RFID tag's memory, written to the RFID tag 15 by the RFID reader
The RFID reader may send a string of symbols after derived from an interrogation comprising, for example, the code, last seen time for the tag 14, last seen date for the tag 14, first seen time for the tag 14, first seen date for the tag 14, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), Protocol control (PC) and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC).
In the present embodiments, but not all embodiments, when the antenna is activated beneath one the RFID tagged animal 13, the antenna will capture and transmit to the reader:
The RFID reader 20 comprises a RFID interrogation signal transmitter configured to transmit an RFID interrogation signal via the RFID antennae. The RFID interrogation signal uses an air interface protocol which may be any suitable air interface protocol. The RFID interrogation signal transmitter may comprise a base band transmitter to generate the interrogation signal, a power amplifier to amplify the signal produced by the oscillator and a modulator to modulate the amplitude, frequency or phase of the oscillator's frequency. While the RFID reader is monostatic, other embodiments may be bistatic (that is separate antenna for transmitting the interrogation signal and receiving the radio signal 22) or multistatic, for example.
The RFID reader 20 may comprise a RFID reader processor, for example, at least one of a digital signal processor, and an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) incorporating signal processing functions described above. In the present embodiment, however, the RFID reader comprises a host logic device and at least one RFID reader chip in the form of an IMPINJ INDY RS2000 reader chip. When using the IMPINJ INDY RS2000 reader chip, a MONZA R6-P RAIN RFID tag chip, for example, may be attached to the animal, however generally any suitable RFID tags may be used. The host is in communication with the reader chip via a UART serial interface or generally any suitable interface. The host comprises a RASBERRY PI, supporting 10/100 Ethernet, and 2.4 GHz 802.11n wireless, BLUETOOTH 4.1 CLASSIC and BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY, and USB 2.0. Communication with the processor may be with any of these protocols. Any suitable host may be used, including QUALCOMM Dragonboard 410c, system-on-a-board and microcontrollers, an example of which is the MSP430 IRI-LT host microcontroller. The RFID reader processor sends the read identification information in a datagram having the identification information as a payload, via a USB interface or alternatively via the Ethernet interface, or generally any suitable communications interface is provided.
The reader 20 comprises a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) comprising the host logic device, RFID reader chip, and firmware. Traces on the PCB electrically connect the host and chip. A user interface for the reader 20 may be presented on a smart phone or tablet computer, for example.
The RFID reader may comprise a housing suitable for supporting the scales, for example a steal, or hard polymer case.
Processor
The controller comprises a processor in the form of system-on-a-board (in these embodiments, QUALCOMM Dragonboard 410c) in communication with the user interface 114 and in communication with the systems 20,30 via USB or other communications protocol, or alternatively an embedded system, or generally any suitable device. The processor 32 may be a computer server, for example a computer server in communication with the controller 40 via a computer network in the form of any one of a LAN, WAN, Ethernet network, a Wi-Fi network, or a cellular network or internetwork, for example the internet. The processor has a network interface comprising a physical layer network interface, for example a RJ45, BNC, USB, FIREWIRE, or THUNDERBOLT network connector or generally any suitable type of connector. The processor 32 may be a virtual machine or cloud virtual server in the form of an AZURE, AMAZON or another server. The cloud virtual server may have a N tier architecture, in which presentation, application processing, and data management functions may be physically separated. It has a service orientated modular architecture. The cloud virtual server architecture provides infrastructure services (hosting, DR, storage, CPU, RAM, Firewalls etc.). Azure internet of things hub may manage connectivity to each system 10, 20, 30, 40.
The processor 32 has non-transitory processor readable tangible media in the form of non-volatile memory (for example FLASH memory or a hard drive). Stored in the memory is a software application that comprises program instructions that when executed by the processor cause the processor to perform a method disclosed above.
Now that embodiments have been described, it will be appreciated that some embodiments have some of the following advantages:
Variations and/or modifications may be made to the embodiments described without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention. For example, the marking may not be a tattoo, but a print or label. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. Reference to a feature disclosed herein does not mean that all embodiments must include the feature.
Prior art, if any, described herein is not to be taken as an admission that the prior art forms part of the common general knowledge in any jurisdiction.
In the claims which follow and in the preceding description of the invention, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word “comprise” or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising” is used in an inclusive sense, that is to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the invention.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2016904434 | Oct 2016 | AU | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/AU2017/050119 | 2/11/2017 | WO | 00 |
Number | Date | Country | |
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62294084 | Feb 2016 | US |