Patent Application
20120262814
The present inventions are related to systems and methods for data processing.
Various data transfer systems have been developed including storage systems, cellular telephone systems, radio transmission systems. In each of the systems data is transferred from a sender to a receiver via some medium. For example, in a storage system, data is sent from a sender (i.e., a write function) to a receiver (i.e., a read function) via a storage medium. The effectiveness of any transfer is impacted by noise, data errors and other issues arising in the data transfer. Turning to
Hence, for at least the aforementioned reasons, there exists a need in the art for advanced systems and methods for data processing.
The present inventions are related to systems and methods for data processing.
Various embodiments of the present invention provide data processing circuits that include: a data detector circuit, a data decoder circuit, and a multi-path circuit. The data detector circuit is operable to apply a data detection algorithm to a data input and a decoder output to yield a detected output. The data decoder circuit is operable to apply a decoding algorithm to a decoder input to yield the decoder output and a status input. The multi-path circuit is operable to provide the decoder input based at least in part on the detected output and the status input. In some instances of the aforementioned embodiments, the data processing circuit is implemented as an integrated circuit. In various instances of the aforementioned embodiments, the data processing circuit is incorporated in a storage device.
In some instances of the aforementioned embodiments, the status input includes a number of unsatisfied decoder check equations. In such instances, the multi-path circuit includes a threshold detection circuit and a selector circuit. The threshold detection circuit is operable to compare the number of unsatisfied decoder check equations with a threshold value to yield a comparator output. The selector circuit is operable to provide one of an interim detected output and the detected output less the decoder output as a selected output based at least in part on the comparator output. In particular cases, the selector circuit is a multiplexer circuit. In various cases, the multi-path circuit further includes an iteration count circuit operable to indicate a number of iterations of the data decoder circuit mod N to yield a divided output. In such cases, the selector circuit is operable to provide the one of the interim detected output when the divided output is equal to zero and the number of unsatisfied decoder check equations is less than the threshold value. In one particular case, N is four.
In some instances of the aforementioned embodiments, the threshold detection circuit is a first threshold detection circuit, the comparator output is a first comparator output, the selector circuit is a first selector circuit, the threshold value is a first threshold value, and the multi-path circuit further includes a second threshold circuit operable to compare the number of unsatisfied decoder check equations with a second threshold value to yield a second comparator output, and a second selector circuit that is operable to provide one of the interim detected output and a reconstructed output as the interim detected output based at least in part on the second comparator output. In some cases, the reconstructed output is calculated in accordance with the following equation:
{(Sign of Detected Output), (−2)(Number of Unsatisfied Decoder Check Equations)}.
In some cases, the second selector circuit is operable to provide the reconstructed output as the interim detected output when second comparator output indicates that the number of unsatisfied decoder check equations is less than the first threshold value. In various cases, both the first threshold value and the second threshold value are programmable.
Some embodiments of the present invention provide methods for data processing that include: receiving a data input; performing a data detection on the data input and a decoder output to yield a detected output; generating two or more preliminary inputs based at least in part on the detected output; selecting one of the two or more preliminary inputs as a decoder input based at least in part on a number of unsatisfied decoder check equations; and performing a data decode on the decoder input to yield the decoder output and the number of unsatisfied decoder check equations.
Other embodiments of the present invention provide storage systems that include: a storage medium; a read/write head assembly operable to sense information from the storage medium and to provide a corresponding continuous signal; an analog front end circuit operable to process the continuous signal to yield an analog input; an analog to digital converter circuit operable to sample the analog input synchronous to a sampling clock to yield a set of digital samples; an equalizer circuit operable to equalize the set of digital samples and to provide a corresponding equalized output; a data detector circuit operable to apply a data detection algorithm to the equalized output and a decoder output to yield a detected output; a data decoder circuit operable to apply a decoding algorithm to a decoder input to yield the decoder output and a status input; and a multi-path circuit operable to provide the decoder input based at least in part on the detected output and the status input.
This summary provides only a general outline of some embodiments of the invention. Many other objects, features, advantages and other embodiments of the invention will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description, the appended claims and the accompanying drawings.
A further understanding of the various embodiments of the present invention may be realized by reference to the figures which are described in remaining portions of the specification. In the figures, like reference numerals are used throughout several figures to refer to similar components. In some instances, a sub-label consisting of a lower case letter is associated with a reference numeral to denote one of multiple similar components. When reference is made to a reference numeral without specification to an existing sub-label, it is intended to refer to all such multiple similar components.
The present inventions are related to systems and methods for data processing.
Various embodiments of the present invention provide data processing circuits that include a data detector circuit, a data decoder circuit, and a multi-path detector to decoder data processing circuit. The multi-path detector to decoder data processing circuit is operable to generate an input to the decoder based at least in part on an output from the detector, the number of iterations of the combination of the data detector circuit and data decoder circuit, and/or the number of errors remaining after a prior iteration of the combination of the data detector circuit and data decoder circuit. Such an approach an ability for the data processing circuit to converge on the originally written data is improved.
Turning to
Turning to
In a typical read operation, read/write head assembly 376 is accurately positioned by motor controller 368 over a desired data track on disk platter 378. Motor controller 368 both positions read/write head assembly 376 in relation to disk platter 378 and drives spindle motor 372 by moving read/write head assembly to the proper data track on disk platter 378 under the direction of hard disk controller 366. Spindle motor 372 spins disk platter 378 at a determined spin rate (RPMs). Once read/write head assembly 376 is positioned adjacent the proper data track, magnetic signals representing data on disk platter 378 are sensed by read/write head assembly 176 as disk platter 378 is rotated by spindle motor 372. The sensed magnetic signals are provided as a continuous, minute analog signal representative of the magnetic data on disk platter 378. This minute analog signal is transferred from read/write head assembly 376 to read channel 310 via preamplifier 370. Preamplifier 370 is operable to amplify the minute analog signals accessed from disk platter 378. In turn, read channel circuit 310 decodes and digitizes the received analog signal to recreate the information originally written to disk platter 378. This data is provided as read data 303 to a receiving circuit. As part of processing the received information, read channel circuit 310 utilizes the multi-path detector to decoder data processing circuit. Such a multi-path detector to decoder data processing circuit may be implemented similar to, but are not limited to, any of those described below in relation to
It should be noted that storage system 300 may be integrated into a larger storage system such as, for example, a RAID (redundant array of inexpensive disks or redundant array of independent disks) based storage system. It should also be noted that various functions or blocks of storage system 100 may be implemented in either software or firmware, while other functions or blocks are implemented in hardware.
Turning to
Analog to digital converter circuit 415 converts processed analog signal 412 into a corresponding series of digital samples 417. Analog to digital converter circuit 415 may be any circuit known in the art that is capable of producing digital samples corresponding to an analog input signal. Based upon the disclosure provided herein, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize a variety of analog to digital converter circuits that may be used in relation to different embodiments of the present invention. Digital samples 417 are provided to an equalizer circuit 420. Equalizer circuit 420 applies an equalization algorithm to digital samples 417 to yield an equalized output 422. In some embodiments of the present invention, equalizer circuit 420 is a digital finite impulse response filter circuit as are known in the art.
Equalized output 422 is provided to a data processing circuit 490 that includes a multi-path data detector 460 to a data decoder circuit 450 in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention. Data detector circuit 425 performs a data detection algorithm on equalized output 422 as aided by a decoder output 452 that includes soft information derived from the most recent iteration of the detector/decoder processing of the received data. On the first iteration applied to equalized output 422, decoder output 452 is zero. For later iterations, decoder output 452 includes meaningful information that guides data detector circuit 425. In some embodiments of the present invention, data detector circuit 425 is a Viterbi algorithm data detector circuit. In other embodiments of the present invention, data detector circuit 425 is a maximum a posteriori data detector circuit. Based upon the disclosure provided herein, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize a variety of data detector circuits that may be utilized in accordance with different embodiments of the present invention. Data detector circuit 425 provides the result of the detection algorithm as a detected output 427.
Detected output 427 is provided to an adder circuit 440 that subtracts decoder output 452 from detected output 427 to yield a sum 442. Sum 442 and detected output 427 are provided to multi-path data detector to data decoder circuit 460 that selects one of a number of inputs that are provided to data a decoder circuit 450 as decoder input 462. In particular, decoder input 462 is generated based upon a status input 464 from data decoder circuit 450, threshold 464, threshold 466, detected output 427 and sum 442. Additional detail about the operation of multi-path data detector to data decoder circuit 460 is provided below in relation to
In some embodiments of the present invention, data decoder circuit 450 is a low density parity check decoder circuit. Based upon the disclosure provided herein, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize a variety of data decoder circuits that may be used in relation to different embodiments of the present invention. Decoder circuit 450 applies a decoding algorithm to decoder input 462 to yield decoder output 452. Decoder output 452 is fed back to data detector circuit 425 and adder circuit 440. In addition, data decoder circuit 450 provides status input 454. Status input 454 includes an indication of the number of iterations of data detector circuit 425 and data decoder circuit 450 that have been applied to the received input, and an indication of the number of errors (i.e., violated checks) that remain in decoder output 452 after the end of the decoding process.
Turning to
Reconstructed Output 577={(Sign of Detected Output 427), (−2)(Number of Unsatisfied Decoder Check Equations 556)}'
where the number of unsatisfied decoder check equations 556 received as part of input status 454 is the number of errors remaining at the completion of the last pass of the decoding process.
A threshold detection circuit 570 compares the number of unsatisfied decoder check equations 556 received as status input 454 from detector circuit 450 against a threshold value 464. In one particular embodiment of the present invention, threshold value 464 is eight (8). Where the number of unsatisfied decoder check equations 556 is less than threshold value 464, a selector output 572 is asserted as a logic ‘1’ causing reconstructed output 577 to be selected as a first preliminary output 582 by a selector circuit 580. Otherwise, the selector output 572 is asserted as a logic ‘0’ causing detected output 427 to be selected as first preliminary output 582. In one particular embodiment of the present invention, selector circuit 580 is a multiplexer circuit.
A threshold detection and iteration count circuit 560 compares the number of unsatisfied decoder check equations 556 against a second threshold, and determines whether the iteration number 558 received as part of status input 454 from data decoder circuit 450 mod N is equal to zero. In one particular embodiment of the present invention, N is four (4) and threshold value 466 is sixteen (16). Where the number of unsatisfied decoder check equations 556 is not less than threshold value 466 or the number of iterations 558 mod N is zero, a selector output 562 is asserted as a logic ‘0’ causing sum 442 to be selected as a second preliminary output 587 by a selector circuit 585. Otherwise, selector output 562 is asserted as a logic ‘1’ causing first preliminary output 582 to be selected as second preliminary output 587. In one particular embodiment of the present invention, selector circuit 585 is a multiplexer circuit. Second preliminary output 587 is provided to a normalization circuit 590 that normalizes the received input and provides the normalized result as decoder input 462.
Turning to
A data detection process is applied to the equalized output to yield a detected output (block 630). In some embodiments of the present invention, the data detection process is a Viterbi algorithm data detection process. In other embodiments of the present invention, the data detection process is a maximum a posteriori data detection process. Based upon the disclosure provided herein, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize a variety of data detection processes that may be applied in accordance with different embodiments of the present invention.
The data detector output is reconstructed based upon errors in the decoding process to yield a reconstructed output (block 635). The reconstructed output is created in accordance with the following equation:
Reconstructed Output={(Sign of Detected Output), (−2)(Number of Unsatisfied Decoder Check Equations)}'
where the violated checks variable is the number of errors remaining at the completion of the last pass of the decoding process. The decoded output (i.e., the output from the decoder available from the last decoding pass) is subtracted from the detected output to yield a sum (block 640).
It is determined whether the number of errors (i.e., violated checks) from the decoding process is less than a first threshold level (block 645). In one particular embodiment of the present invention, the first threshold is selected as eight (8). Where the number of errors is less than the first threshold (block 645), the reconstructed output is selected as a first preliminary output (block 650). Otherwise, the detected output is selected as the first preliminary output (block 655). It is also determined whether the number of errors (i.e., violated checks) from the decoding process is less than a second threshold level (block 660). In one particular embodiment of the present invention, the first threshold is selected as sixteen (16). Where the number of errors is less than the second threshold (block 660), it is determined whether the number of iterations through the combination of the detector process and the decoder process mod N equals zero (block 665). In some embodiments of the present invention, the value of N is four (4). Where either the number of errors is not less than the second threshold (block 660) or the number of iterations mod N is zero (block 665), the sum is selected as a second preliminary output (block 675). Otherwise, where both the number of errors is less than the second threshold (block 660) and the number of iterations mod N is not zero (block 665), the first preliminary output is selected as the second preliminary output (block 670).
The selected second preliminary output is normalized (block 680) and provided to a data decoder that applies a decoding algorithm to yield the decoder output (block 685). In addition, after application of the decoding algorithm, a number of errors (i.e., violated checks) remaining at the end of the decoding process is indicated. In some embodiments of the present invention, the decoding algorithm is a low density parity check algorithm. Based upon the disclosure provided herein, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize other decoding algorithms that may be used in relation to different embodiments of the present invention. It is determined whether the decoding algorithm converged (i.e., the number of remaining errors is zero) or if a timeout condition was satisfied (i.e., a maximum number of iterations through the combination of the data detector and the data decoder) (block 690). Where either a convergence or a timeout condition is achieved (block 690), the count of the number of iterations through the combination of the data detector and the data decoder is reset and the decoder output is provided as a data output (block 697). Otherwise, where neither a convergence nor a timeout condition is achieved (block 690), the count of the number of iterations through the combination of the data detector and the data decoder is incremented (block 695), and the processes of blocks 630-690 are repeated using the newly developed decoder output.
It should be noted that the various blocks discussed in the above application may be implemented in integrated circuits along with other functionality. Such integrated circuits may include all of the functions of a given block, system or circuit, or only a subset of the block, system or circuit. Further, elements of the blocks, systems or circuits may be implemented across multiple integrated circuits. Such integrated circuits may be any type of integrated circuit known in the art including, but are not limited to, a monolithic integrated circuit, a flip chip integrated circuit, a multichip module integrated circuit, and/or a mixed signal integrated circuit. It should also be noted that various functions of the blocks, systems or circuits discussed herein may be implemented in either software or firmware. In some such cases, the entire system, block or circuit may be implemented using its software or firmware equivalent. In other cases, the one part of a given system, block or circuit may be implemented in software or firmware, while other parts are implemented in hardware.
In conclusion, the invention provides novel systems, devices, methods and arrangements for performing defect detection. While detailed descriptions of one or more embodiments of the invention have been given above, various alternatives, modifications, and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art without varying from the spirit of the invention. For example, one or more embodiments of the present invention may be applied to various data storage systems and digital communication systems, such as, for example, tape recording systems, optical disk drives, wireless systems, and digital subscriber line systems. Therefore, the above description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
