Patent Application
20250075457
This disclosure relates to systems and methods for mitigation of beach erosion and escarpments, as well as systems and methods for erosion control across diverse settings including golf course management, agriculture, and unpaved surface maintenance.
Soil and coastal erosion affect diverse geographic regions used for farming, recreation, and real estate worldwide. Between 1984 and 2015, an estimated 28,000 km2 was lost to coastal erosion. In the United States, more than 80,000 acres of coastal wetlands are lost each year with a $500 million loss of coastal property alone. Current mitigation for coastal erosion includes beach nourishment techniques such as offshore dredging and sand mining from inland sources.
Offshore ocean dredging for the purpose of coastal nourishment is the process of removing sand from the seabed floor to create or maintain sandy beaches along the shoreline. It involves using specialized equipment such as hopper dredges, which can include suction pumps, excavators, or cutterheads, to loosen and extract the materials from the seabed. The dredged materials are transported and deposited to the shoreline via a pipeline.
Sand mining involves the extraction of sand from inland quarries that match a similar sediment type, color, and grain size. Extraction methods may involve bulldozers, excavators, drills, or scraping. Mined sand must be screened and processed, which may include washing, sorting, and removing debris in order to collect sand that is compatible with the existing beach. Mined sand can come from any distance location and requires transportation by dump truck, rail, or freight.
Both offshore dredging and sand mining from inland sources are extremely disruptive to the marine offshore and onshore environment. Additionally, both approaches result in a significant burning of fossil fuels to power the equipment utilized in sand procurement and placement. Renourished beaches erode at a rate of 3-4 times faster than natural beaches, and the deposited sand smothers nearshore marine resources such as seagrass beds and hardbottom habitats. Renourished beaches almost always exhibit significant erosion escarpments due to wave scouring of poorly mixed aggregates. Among other problems, these escarpments are safety hazards for beachgoers and completely destroy the habitat of nesting sea turtles by preventing females from reaching dry beach to lay their eggs.
An erosion escarpment refers to a steep, often vertical or near-vertical, geological feature that is created by the process of erosion. It is characterized by a sharp and pronounced change in elevation between two adjacent landforms. Erosion escarpments typically develop when the ocean wears away the less compact sand on a beach, leaving an elevation change at the mean high-water mark. Escarpments can be any height and can make it difficult or impossible to move from one elevation plain to another safely. Accordingly, there is a need for a solution that mitigates coastal erosion, both during and after a beach nourishment process, that reduces sediment loss in a manner that is safe for beachgoers and protects wildlife habitats.
Erosion control is a multifaceted issue that extends beyond coastal environments, impacting various sectors including golf course maintenance, agriculture, and the management of unpaved surfaces such as dirt roads and runways.
In the context of golf courses, erosion can compromise the integrity of sand traps and bunkers, which are designed to challenge players and contribute to the aesthetic appeal of the course. Wind and water erosion, along with foot traffic and mechanical raking, can alter the shape and depth of these features, leading to inconsistent playing conditions and increased maintenance costs. Furthermore, the proximity of sand features to vegetation can result in contamination with organic matter, affecting the consistency and drainage properties of the sand.
Agricultural settings face the challenge of soil erosion, which can be caused by wind and water. Wind erosion can remove nutrient-rich topsoil, reducing soil fertility, while water erosion can create rills and gullies that disrupt planting and harvesting operations. The loss of topsoil can lead to sedimentation of waterways, harming aquatic ecosystems, and increasing the risk of flooding. Additionally, soil erosion can carry away agricultural chemicals, contributing to the pollution of water bodies and the degradation of water quality.
Dust control on unpaved surfaces, particularly in remote and arid locations, is another area of concern. Dust and wind-blown erosion can reduce visibility, contaminate machinery, and create hazardous conditions for vehicle transit and aircraft operations. Conventional dust control methods, such as frequent water application or chemical-based dust suppressants, can be unsustainable, wasteful, or pose environmental and health risks.
Given these challenges, there is a pressing demand for sustainable and effective erosion control solutions that can be applied across these diverse settings. Such solutions would not just prevent erosion but also enhance the sustainability of the practices in these sectors, leading to better environmental outcomes and reduced maintenance efforts and costs.
The following description presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects described herein. This summary is not an extensive overview of the claimed subject matter. It is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of the claimed subject matter nor delineate the scope thereof.
In some embodiments, a method for escarpment mitigation comprises digging one or more rows of vertical holes landward of an escarpment. Embodiments optionally include digging a row of vertical holes at the base of the escarpment. A sand stabilization compound is mixed with water (e.g., seawater) to create a slurry, and the previously dug holes are filled with the slurry. In alternative embodiments, a trench can be used instead of or in combination with the one or more rows of holes.
In some embodiments, a method for escarpment mitigation comprises drilling one or more directional bores landward of an escarpment. Embodiments optionally include drilling a directional bore below the base of the escarpment. A sand stabilization compound is mixed with water (e.g., seawater) to create a slurry, and the previously drilled bores are filled with the slurry.
In some embodiments, a system for escarpment mitigation comprises a directional boring machine and a sand stabilization compound, wherein the directional boring machine is configured to drill one or more directional bores landward and/or at the base of an escarpment and to backfill the bore(s) with a slurry of sand stabilization compound and seawater.
In some embodiments, a method for escarpment mitigation includes mixing a sand stabilization compound with water (e.g., seawater) to create a slurry. The slurry is then added to a pipe pumping dredged sand and seawater; and the slurry, sand, and seawater is pumped onto a beach (e.g., as part of a beach nourishment project).
In some embodiments, a system for escarpment mitigation comprises an offshore hydraulic dredging vessel; a conduit connected to the offshore hydraulic dredging vessel, wherein the conduit carries sand and seawater to the beach; a reservoir, wherein the reservoir is connected to the conduit; and a sand stabilization compound, wherein the sand stabilization compound is mixed with seawater in the reservoir to form a slurry; wherein the offshore hydraulic dredging vessel pumps the slurry, sand, and seawater to the beach.
In some embodiments, a system for managing and mitigating erosion in sand features on golf courses comprises one or more reservoirs configured to contain a sand stabilization compound and water; one or more mixers configured to mix the sand stabilization compound with the water to create a mixed solution; and a distribution subsystem connected to one or more of the reservoirs, wherein the distribution subsystem is configured to spray the mixed solution onto the sand features of the golf course.
In some embodiments, the system can further comprise a subterranean network of interconnected pipes connected to one or more of the reservoirs and configured to transport the mixed solution to one or more of the sand features, wherein the distribution subsystem comprises a plurality of sprayer nozzles connected to the pipes.
In some embodiments, the system can further comprise one or more vehicles configured to traverse the golf course terrain, wherein the one or more reservoirs and the one or more mixers are mounted on the one or more vehicles, and wherein the distribution subsystem comprises one or more sprayer nozzles connected to the one or more reservoirs.
In some embodiments, the system can further comprise a portable unit that is configured to be carried by a single human, wherein the one or more reservoirs and the one or more mixers are contained within the portable unit, and wherein the distribution subsystem comprises a hose and sprayer nozzle connected to the one or more reservoirs.
In some embodiments, the one or more mixers can be further configured to mix the sand stabilization compound and water with sand to create a mixture that can be sprayed onto the sand features to form a top playable layer. In the same or alternative embodiments, the one or more mixers can be further configured to mix the sand stabilization compound and water with a slow-release algaecide and/or one or more optical brighteners.
In some embodiments, a method for managing and mitigating erosion in sand features on golf courses comprises adding a sand stabilization compound and water to one or more reservoirs; mixing the sand stabilization compound with the water in the one or more reservoirs to create a mixed solution; and spraying the mixed solution onto the sand features of the golf course using a distribution subsystem connected to one or more of the reservoirs.
In some embodiments, the method can further comprise transporting the mixed solution to one or more of the sand features through a subterranean network of interconnected pipes connected to one or more of the reservoirs, wherein the distribution subsystem includes a plurality of sprayer nozzles connected to the pipes.
In some embodiments, the method can further comprise traversing the golf course terrain with one or more vehicles, wherein the one or more reservoirs and a mixer for creating the mixed solution are mounted on the one or more vehicles, and wherein the distribution subsystem includes one or more sprayer nozzles connected to the one or more reservoirs.
In some embodiments, the method can further comprise carrying a portable unit by a single human, wherein the one or more reservoirs and a mixer for creating the mixed solution are contained within the portable unit, and wherein the distribution subsystem includes a hose and sprayer nozzle connected to the one or more reservoirs.
In some embodiments, the method can further comprise mixing the sand stabilization compound and water with sand to create a mixture that can be sprayed onto the sand features to form a top playable layer. In the same or alternative embodiments, the method can further comprise mixing the sand stabilization compound and water with a slow-release algaecide and/or one or more optical brighteners.
In some embodiments, a system for stabilizing soil in agricultural settings comprises one or more reservoirs configured to contain a sand stabilization compound and water; one or more mixers configured to mix the sand stabilization compound with the water to create a mixed solution; and a distribution subsystem connected to one or more of the reservoirs, wherein the distribution subsystem is configured to apply the mixed solution to agricultural fields to reduce soil erosion.
In some embodiments, the distribution subsystem can include a subterranean irrigation network comprising interconnected pipes and sprayer nozzles configured to deliver the mixed solution to the agricultural fields.
In some embodiments, the system can further comprise one or more vehicles equipped with the one or more reservoirs and the one or more mixers, wherein the distribution subsystem includes one or more sprayer nozzles mounted on the one or more vehicles for treating the agricultural fields.
In some embodiments, the system can further comprise a portable application unit configured to be manually transported, wherein the one or more reservoirs and the one or more mixers are contained within the portable application unit, and wherein the distribution subsystem includes a hose and sprayer nozzle for targeted application of the mixed solution.
In some embodiments, the one or more mixers can be configured to mix the sand stabilization compound with the water in a ratio that is adjustable to accommodate different soil types and conditions.
In some embodiments, a method for stabilizing soil in agricultural settings comprises storing a sand stabilization compound and water in one or more reservoirs; mixing the sand stabilization compound with the water in the one or more reservoirs to create a mixed solution; and applying the mixed solution to agricultural fields using a distribution subsystem connected to one or more of the reservoirs to reduce soil erosion.
In some embodiments, the method can further comprise delivering the mixed solution to the agricultural fields through a subterranean irrigation network comprising interconnected pipes and sprayer nozzles, wherein the distribution subsystem includes the sprayer nozzles.
In some embodiments, the method can further comprise equipping one or more vehicles with the one or more reservoirs and a mixer, and traversing and treating the agricultural fields with the mixed solution using one or more sprayer nozzles mounted on the one or more vehicles.
In some embodiments, the method can further comprise manually transporting a portable application unit, wherein the one or more reservoirs and a mixer are contained within the portable application unit, and applying the mixed solution to targeted areas of the agricultural fields using a hose and sprayer nozzle.
In some embodiments of the method, the mixing of the sand stabilization compound with the water is adjustable to accommodate different soil types and conditions.
In some embodiments, a system for dust mitigation on unpaved surfaces comprises one or more reservoirs configured to contain a dust stabilization compound and water; one or more mixers configured to mix the dust stabilization compound with the water to create a mixed solution; and a distribution subsystem connected to one or more of the reservoirs, wherein the distribution subsystem is configured to apply the mixed solution to the unpaved surfaces to reduce dust generation.
In some embodiments, the distribution subsystem can include a vehicle-mounted spraying system designed to distribute the mixed solution evenly across the unpaved surfaces. In some embodiments, the vehicle-mounted spraying system comprises a series of nozzles that are strategically positioned to ensure comprehensive coverage of the mixed solution.
In some embodiments, the system can further comprise a portable application unit configured to be manually transported, wherein the one or more reservoirs and the one or more mixers are contained within the portable application unit, and wherein the distribution subsystem includes a hose and sprayer nozzle for targeted application of the mixed solution.
In some embodiments, the one or more mixers can be configured to mix the dust stabilization compound with the water in a ratio that is adjustable to accommodate different unpaved surface conditions.
In some embodiments, the distribution subsystem can be further configured to integrate with existing road maintenance machinery for simultaneous dust mitigation and surface maintenance operations.
In some embodiments, the application of the mixed solution to the unpaved surfaces is conducted using an aircraft equipped with a reservoir and a spraying system for aerial distribution of the mixed solution.
In some embodiments, a method for dust mitigation on unpaved surfaces comprises adding a dust stabilization compound and water to one or more reservoirs; mixing the dust stabilization compound with the water in the one or more reservoirs to create a mixed solution; and applying the mixed solution to the unpaved surfaces using a distribution subsystem connected to one or more of the reservoirs to reduce dust generation.
In some embodiments of the method, the distribution subsystem can include a vehicle-mounted spraying system designed to distribute the mixed solution evenly across the unpaved surfaces.
In some embodiments, the method can further comprise manually transporting a portable application unit, wherein the one or more reservoirs and a mixer for creating the mixed solution are contained within the portable application unit, and applying the mixed solution to targeted areas of the unpaved surfaces using a hose and sprayer nozzle.
In some embodiments of the method, the mixing of the dust stabilization compound with the water is adjustable to accommodate different unpaved surface conditions.
In some embodiments, the distribution subsystem is further configured to integrate with existing road maintenance machinery for simultaneous dust mitigation and surface maintenance operations.
In some embodiments, the application of the mixed solution to the unpaved surfaces is conducted using an aircraft equipped with a reservoir and a spraying system for aerial distribution of the mixed solution.
Further variations encompassed within the systems and methods are described in the detailed description of the invention below.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form part of the specification, illustrate various, non-limiting embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements.
While aspects of the subject matter of the present disclosure may be embodied in a variety of forms, the following description and accompanying drawings are merely intended to disclose some of these forms as specific examples of the subject matter. Accordingly, the subject matter of this disclosure is not intended to be limited to the forms or embodiments so described and illustrated.
Various techniques, both chemical and mechanical, have historically been used to stabilize soil in areas that cannot establish vegetation with the goal of protecting the soil from wind and stormwater erosion. Chemical applications, often referred to as soil binders, are typically sprayed onto soil that could not be controlled by other mechanical or vegetative means. Many of these chemical applications, however, are toxic to plant and animal life, and soil runoff can contaminate nearby water sources. While certain soil binders can help stabilize sandy terrain as well, the prior art solutions are not suitable for coastal applications because of the adverse health and environmental consequences.
Embodiments of the present invention include the application of a sand stabilization compound that is safe to use in coastal applications. A beach escarpment is formed at the sand/water interface because the dry or partially-wetted sand that is landward of the high-water mark is easily scoured due to the lack of cohesion provided by the hydrogen bonding properties of water. In embodiments, a sand stabilization compound acts as a hydrophilic wetting agent and simultaneously as a hydrophobic dewatering agent, which results in an optimized amount of interstitial water between individual sand grains. When applied to a beach in accordance with one or more of the embodiments described below, the escarpment collapses. The resulting new beach profile includes more dry sand, a receding high-water mark, and a beach environment that is safer for beachgoers and more easily accessible to nesting sea turtles.
Polysaccharides 202 are known for their hydrophilic properties and ability to form hydrogen bonds with water and aggregates. Accordingly, the addition of polysaccharides 202 to sand promotes water retention and sand cohesion, resulting in a more stabilized beach that resists erosion. In embodiments, the one or more polysaccharides 202 can be algae-derived phycocolloids and/or plant-derived gums mixed with one or more cross-linking agents 206. In some embodiments, the polysaccharide 202 is alginate, which can be crosslinked with one or more divalent cations (e.g., Ca2+ or Fe2+). In some embodiments, the polysaccharide 202 is carrageenan, which is crosslinked with one or more monovalent or divalent cations (e.g., K+, Na+, or Ca2+). Some embodiments use a mixture of polysaccharides 202, such as alginate and carrageenan, which is crosslinked with one or more monovalent and/or divalent cations (e.g., Ca2+).
Embodiments of the invention can utilize one or more plant-derived polysaccharides 202 (i.e., gums), including guar gum and locust bean gum, combined with or as an alternative to one or more phycocolloids. In some embodiments, the plant gum is guar gum, which can be complexed with sodium tetraborate decahydrate. In other embodiments, the plant gum is locust bean gum or a mixture of guar and locust bean gums complexed with sodium tetraborate decahydrate.
Embodiments of the sand stabilization compound 200 include an emulsifier 208. In embodiments, the emulsifier 208 is one or more of lecithin or a vegetable oil such as canola oil. Embodiments of the invention optionally include one or more plant proteins or prolamins 210, such as zein, to stabilize the sand stabilization compound 200.
In embodiments of the invention, the sand stabilization compound 200 is a hydrogel, which can be prepared by solubilizing the one or more polysaccharides 202 in water 204, followed by the addition of a cross-linking agent 206 (e.g., monovalent or divalent cations, borax, or a mixture thereof depending on the polysaccharides 202 being cross-linked). The hydrogel can then be stabilized by the addition of one or more emulsifiers 208. Optionally, prolamins 210 such as zein can be solubilized in 70% isopropanol and subsequently mixed with the cross-linked, emulsified, hydrogel. In embodiments, the resulting complex is then dried and milled into a fine powder.
In embodiments of the invention, a sand stabilization compound 200 is mixed with sand on a beach where there is a desire to limit erosion, whether it be for aesthetic, safety, or environmental reasons. In some embodiments, the sand stabilization compound is poured into holes above and or below an escarpment. In other embodiments, the sand stabilization compound is injected with, for example, a directional boring machine directly into or around an escarpment. In still other embodiments, the sand stabilization compound is added as a slurry to dredged sand that is being pumped onto a beach. These and other embodiments for applying the sand stabilization compound 200 are described in more detail below.
Once a plurality of holes 312, 314, and/or 316 have been dug, the sand stabilization compound 200 can be added. In embodiments, the sand stabilization compound 200 is mixed with seawater (e.g., in a bucket, drum, or other container with or without its own mechanical mixer) to form a slurry. The slurry is then deposited into the holes 312, 314, and/or 316, and covered with sand.
In some embodiments, a directional bore 420 is dug landward of the escarpment 402 along the length of the escarpment 402. In some embodiments, the directional bore 420 is drilled at a distance from the face of the escarpment 402 of approximately one half of the escarpment height and at a depth of approximately one half the escarpment height. In the same or alternative embodiments, a directional bore 422 can be drilled even further landward of the escarpment 402 along the length of the escarpment 402. In embodiments, the directional bore 422 is drilled at a distance from the face of the escarpment 402 approximately equal to the escarpment height and at a depth of approximately one half of the escarpment height. In the same or alternative embodiments, if the tidal phases and water levels permit, a directional bore 424 is drilled below the foot of the escarpment 402 at a depth approximately equal to the water table (i.e., when the hole just begins to fill with water from below). It being understood that escarpments are often not fully vertical or of uniform shape or height, the depths and distances described above can be modified to suit a particular escarpment without departing from the scope of the invention.
In alternative embodiments, the sand stabilization compound is applied in and/or around an escarpment using a custom-built mobile injection machine. In embodiments, the mobile injection machine includes a reservoir, an injector, and transportation means. The reservoir can include a mixer for premixing the sand stabilization compound 200 with seawater, and optionally sand, to create a slurry. In some embodiments, the sand stabilization compound and seawater are stored in the same reservoir. In other embodiments, the sand stabilization compound 200 and seawater are stored in separate reservoirs and mixed at the time of injection. In some of these embodiments, the ratio of sand stabilization compound 200 to seawater is adjustable at the mobile injection machine. The injector, which can be embodied as a drill or needle-like apparatus, injects the slurry into and/or around the escarpment at the depths, distances, and intervals as described in one or more of the embodiments above. In embodiments, the injector is multi-directional and can inject horizontally to the side of the machine, vertically below the machine, and angles in between. In embodiments, the injector has an adjustable depth. In embodiments, the transportation means is a steerable motorized platform. In other embodiments, the transportation means is a trailer platform towed behind a vehicle.
In still other embodiments of escarpment mitigation, the sand stabilization compound 200 can be added as a slurry to dredged sand that is being pumped onto a beach as part of a beach renourishment process. In these embodiments, the sand stabilization compound 200 is premixed with seawater into a slurry using, for example, a mixer submerged in a large (e.g., 400 L) reservoir. The premixed slurry is then injected in-line into a pipe carrying sand and seawater being pumped onto a beach by an off-shore hydraulic dredging apparatus or vessel. In some embodiments, the mixer and reservoir are located on the dredging vessel. In other embodiments, the mixer and reservoir are located on a mobile platform on the beach. In still other embodiments, the mixer and reservoir are located on a support vessel that is separate from the dredging vessel. In other embodiments, the sand stabilization compound is not premixed with seawater, but is added directly to the pipe at a steady rate where it mixes with the sand and seawater already in the pipe. These embodiments can work concurrently with all systems required for a traditional dredge and fill beach nourishment project. The mixture of slurry and sand is added to the beach to create a desired shoreline, the beach stabilizes as the amount of interstitial water between individual sand grains is optimized, and the benefits of the invention to humans and wildlife are achieved.
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In addition to the systems and methods for mitigation of beach erosion and escarpments, embodiments of the disclosure may also include systems and methods for erosion and/or dust control in various other settings such as golf course maintenance, agricultural operations, maintenance of unpaved surfaces, and other landscape or facility maintenance activities.
With respect to golf course maintenance, sand traps and bunkers are integral features of golf courses, designed to challenge players and enhance the aesthetic appeal of the course. However, these sand features are prone to erosion, which can be caused by a variety of factors. Wind erosion is a common problem, as gusts can displace the fine sand particles, leading to a gradual loss of the intended shape and depth of the sand traps and bunkers. This can result in inconsistent playing conditions and increased maintenance costs.
Water erosion is another issue, particularly during heavy rainfall or improper drainage, where water can wash away sand, leading to the formation of rills and gullies. This not just affects the playability of the course but also necessitates frequent replenishment of sand, which can be costly and labor-intensive.
Foot traffic and mechanical raking can also contribute to the displacement of sand, compacting it in some areas while loosening it in others. Over time, this can alter the original design of the sand features, making them either too difficult or too easy to play from, thus disrupting the balance of the course's difficulty.
Additionally, the proximity of sand features to vegetation can lead to contamination with organic matter, which may affect the sand's consistency and drainage properties. Managing these issues is a continuous challenge for golf course superintendents, who strive to maintain the aesthetic and functional aspects of sand traps and bunkers.
In some embodiments, the management of golf courses involves the application of a sand stabilization compound to sand features such as bunkers and sandy rough areas to prevent erosion and maintain the aesthetic and playability of the course. The system for managing and mitigating erosion in sand features on golf courses, as depicted in
The distribution subsystem 706 may be connected to one or more of the reservoirs 702 and configured to spray the mixed solution 714 onto the sand features of the golf course. In some cases, the system may further comprise a subterranean network of interconnected pipes (e.g., an irrigation system) connected to one or more of the reservoirs 702 and configured to transport the mixed solution 714 to one or more of the sand features. The distribution subsystem 706 may include a plurality of sprayer nozzles 708 connected to the pipes, which are adjustable to control the spray pattern and coverage area of the mixed solution.
In some embodiments, the distribution subsystem for managing and mitigating erosion in sand features on golf courses can be designed as part of a new irrigation system constructed together with a golf course. In this scenario, the distribution subsystem is integrated into the overall design of the golf course's irrigation infrastructure from the outset. This allows for the strategic placement of reservoirs, mixers, and distribution pipes to ensure that the mixed solution of the sand stabilization compound and water can be efficiently and effectively applied to the sand features. The design can take into account the topography of the golf course, the location of sand traps and bunkers, and the specific requirements for erosion control. The system can be optimized for ease of use and maintenance, with considerations for future expansions or modifications as the golf course evolves.
Alternatively, the distribution subsystem can be retrofitted to an existing irrigation system on a golf course. In such embodiments, the existing network of pipes and sprinklers can be utilized to deliver the mixed solution to the sand features. Retrofitting may involve adding additional reservoirs or modifying existing ones to accommodate the sand stabilization compound. Mixers can be installed where the compound and water converge, ensuring a homogenous mixture before distribution. Sprayer nozzles may be added or replaced to suit the new application requirements, with adjustments made to control the spray pattern and coverage area as per the erosion control strategy. Retrofitting allows golf courses to enhance their existing irrigation systems with erosion control capabilities without the need for a complete overhaul, thereby extending the functionality and lifespan of the infrastructure.
As illustrated in
The system may further comprise one or more vehicles configured to traverse the golf course terrain, with the one or more reservoirs and the one or more mixers mounted on the one or more vehicles, and the distribution subsystem comprising one or more sprayer nozzles connected to the one or more reservoirs.
In some embodiments, vehicles commonly used for golf course maintenance, such as trucks, tractors, or golf carts, can be retrofitted with the equipment necessary to manage and mitigate erosion in sand features. These vehicles may be equipped with one or more reservoirs capable of holding the sand stabilization compound and water. The retrofitting process may involve the installation of one or more mixers on the vehicle, which are designed to mix the sand stabilization compound with water to create a slurry or mixed solution suitable for application on the golf course.
The distribution subsystem, which may include a series of sprayer nozzles or a single adjustable sprayer, is connected to the reservoirs and configured to spray the mixed solution onto the sand features, such as bunkers and sandy rough areas. The sprayer nozzles can be mounted on the vehicle in a manner that allows for even distribution of the mixed solution across the sand features, with the ability to adjust the spray pattern and coverage area as per the requirements of the golf course.
Retrofitting existing golf course maintenance vehicles with this system provides a practical and efficient means of applying the sand stabilization compound. It allows for the utilization of existing resources and equipment, thereby reducing the costs associated with purchasing new specialized machinery. Additionally, the retrofitted vehicles can be operated by golf course maintenance staff, who are already familiar with the terrain and specific maintenance requirements of the course.
The retrofitting process may also include the addition of a control system that allows the operator to manage the flow rate and concentration of the mixed solution, ensuring that the right amount of sand stabilization compound is applied to the sand features for effective erosion control. This system can be integrated into the vehicle's existing controls for ease of use and to allow for precise application of the mixed solution during regular maintenance routines.
Alternatively, the system may include a portable unit that is configured to be carried by a single human, with the one or more reservoirs and the one or more mixers contained within the portable unit, and the distribution subsystem comprising a hose and sprayer nozzle connected to the one or more reservoirs.
In some embodiments, portable units for the application of the sand stabilization compound are designed for ease of transport and maneuverability across the golf course terrain. One such portable unit may take the form of a backpack-like apparatus, which a single operator can carry. This apparatus includes a reservoir for the sand stabilization compound and water, a mixer to create the slurry, and a sprayer nozzle connected via a hose. The operator can wear the backpack and use the sprayer nozzle to apply the mixed solution directly to the sand features, allowing for precise control and targeted treatment of erosion-prone areas.
Another example of a portable unit is a cart or trolley that can be manually pulled across the golf course. This cart may include larger reservoirs and mixers, providing a greater capacity for the sand stabilization compound and water, suitable for treating extensive areas without the need for frequent refills. The cart can be equipped with a long hose and sprayer nozzle, enabling the operator to cover a wide area efficiently.
In more advanced embodiments, the cart or trolley may be motorized and controlled remotely by a human operator or an AI system. The motorized unit can autonomously navigate the golf course, guided by GPS or pre-programmed routes, to apply the mixed solution to the sand features. The remote control capability allows the operator to manage the application process from a distance, adjusting the flow rate, spray pattern, and coverage area as per the requirements. This motorized and remotely controlled unit can increase the efficiency of the erosion mitigation process, reduce labor costs, and minimize the physical strain on maintenance personnel.
In some embodiments, particularly those involving irrigation systems, the mixed solution is sprayed using a pressurized water supply, which can provide a consistent and controlled application of the solution to the sand features. This pressurized water supply may be derived from the golf course's existing irrigation infrastructure, ensuring that the mixed solution is delivered with sufficient force to penetrate the sand and achieve the desired stabilization effect.
In other embodiments, the mixed solution is sprayed with an electrically powered pump. Such pumps can offer precise control over the flow rate and pressure of the mixed solution, allowing for an even and thorough application. Electrically powered pumps can be particularly useful in portable units or in retrofitting scenarios where they can be easily integrated into existing vehicle systems or standalone application units.
In still other embodiments, the mixed solution is sprayed with a mechanical pump operated by hand. This method can be advantageous for small-scale applications or in areas where electrical power is not readily available. Hand-operated pumps can provide a cost-effective and simple solution for applying the mixed solution, allowing for targeted treatment of erosion-prone areas by individual operators.
In some embodiments, the sand stabilization compound is mixed not just with water but also with additional sand to create a mixture that can be sprayed onto sand features such as bunkers and sandy rough areas on golf courses. This mixture can be tailored to achieve a specific consistency that enhances the playability of the sand features. By adjusting the concentration of the sand stabilization compound in the mixture, a softer and more “playable” top layer can be created, which is ideal for golf play. The sand stabilization compound acts to bind the sand grains at a micro level, reducing the likelihood of the sand being easily displaced by wind, water, or golf play, while still maintaining the natural feel of the sand.
In some of these embodiments, the mixture is sprayed onto the sand features to form a top playable layer, while the underlying layer of sand remains firmer yet still drainable. This dual-layer approach ensures that the surface sand is soft and forgiving for golf shots, while the base layer provides stability and supports proper drainage, preventing water accumulation and maintaining the overall integrity of the sand feature. The top layer can be reapplied as part of regular maintenance to ensure consistent playing conditions, while the base layer remains largely undisturbed.
The application of the mixed solution can be performed using the distribution subsystems described previously, which may include vehicle-mounted sprayers or portable spraying units. The precise control over the mixture's application ensures that the sand features are treated uniformly, maintaining the desired consistency across the golf course. This method of managing sand features not only enhances the playability and aesthetic appeal of the golf course but also contributes to the reduction of maintenance efforts and costs associated with erosion control.
In some embodiments, a high concentration of the sand stabilization compound can be premixed with additional sand and water to form a cementitious slurry. This slurry can be applied to steep slopes, such as the faces of bunkers or sand traps, which may have inclines of up to 90 degrees. The high concentration of the sand stabilization compound in the slurry can ensure that, upon application, the mixture rapidly sets and hardens, effectively binding the sand grains together to form a stable and erosion-resistant surface.
The cementitious slurry may be sprayed onto the slope using specialized nozzles that ensure even coverage and penetration into the sand structure. In some cases, the slurry may be “flashed” onto the slope, a process that involves a rapid and forceful application that allows the slurry to adhere to vertical or near-vertical surfaces without sagging or slumping. Alternatively, the slurry may be “floated” onto the slope, which involves a gentler application technique that spreads the slurry across the surface, allowing it to settle and conform to the contours of the slope.
The sand stabilization compound may comprise one or more polysaccharides, which may include one or more algae-derived phycocolloids or plant-derived gums. The one or more mixers may be configured to mix the sand stabilization compound with the water in a ratio that is adjustable based on environmental conditions, such as humidity, temperature, and wind, and/or the characteristics of the sand features.
In some embodiments, the sand stabilization compound may be mixed with a slow-release algaecide to prevent the growth and spread of algae in irrigation systems, bunkers and sand traps, and/or other golf course landscape features (e.g., bunkers and sand traps). The algaecide may be selected for its compatibility with the sand stabilization compound and its efficacy in controlling algae without harming the surrounding environment or non-target organisms. The slow-release formulation of the algaecide ensures a prolonged effect, reducing the frequency of applications and maintaining the cleanliness and functionality of the irrigation system over time.
The mixture of the sand stabilization compound and the slow-release algaecide can be prepared in the reservoir component 702, where the inputs of water 710, the sand stabilization compound 712, and the algaecide are combined by the mixer component 704 to create a homogenous mixed solution 714. This solution can then be distributed through the distribution subsystem component 706, which includes the sprayer nozzle component 708, to apply the mixture to the sand features and/or treat the irrigation system against algal growth.
In some embodiments, the sand stabilization compound may also be mixed with one or more optical brighteners. When applied to sand features such as bunkers, traps, and sandy rough areas on golf courses, the optical brighteners can brighten and/or whiten the appearance of the sand, enhancing its aesthetic appeal. The optical brighteners may be selected for their compatibility with the sand stabilization compound and their ability to withstand environmental conditions such as sunlight and moisture. The mixture containing the optical brighteners can be prepared in the reservoir component, where the inputs of water, the sand stabilization compound, and the optical brighteners are combined by the mixer component to create a homogenous mixed solution. This solution can then be distributed through the distribution subsystem to apply the mixture to the sand features, resulting in a visually appealing, brightened sand surface that enhances the overall look of the golf course.
The described systems and methods provide a means for golf course managers to effectively manage and mitigate erosion in sand features, thereby preserving the integrity and appearance of the course while minimizing maintenance efforts and costs. The use of a sand stabilization compound that is safe for the environment and non-toxic to plant and animal life further ensures that the golf course remains a sustainable and eco-friendly recreational space.
In similar fashion to the systems designed for golf course management, the disclosed embodiments can be adapted for use in other landscaping and ground maintenance scenarios where erosion control is a concern. For instance, athletic fields such as baseball diamonds, which often feature sand and clay mixtures, can benefit from the application of a sand stabilization compound to maintain the integrity of the playing surface. The systems can be utilized to evenly distribute the compound over the infield and warning track areas, thereby reducing the effects of erosion caused by weather, player activity, and maintenance operations.
Parks and playgrounds, which are frequented by the public and subject to varying degrees of foot traffic, can also experience soil and sand displacement. The disclosed systems can be employed to apply a stabilization compound to areas around walkways, benches, and play structures, as well as to sandboxes and other sand-based amenities. This can help in preserving the landscape design, preventing the spread of sand onto adjacent grassy or paved areas, and reducing the frequency of sand replenishment.
In some aspects, the portable mixing and spraying systems may be particularly advantageous for smaller or more intricately designed areas, such as flower beds or ornamental gardens within parks, where precise application is desired. Manual or electrically operated pumps and sprayers allow for targeted treatment of erosion-prone spots, ensuring that the aesthetic appeal and structural integrity of these landscaped areas are maintained.
Furthermore, the systems can be adapted for use in larger green spaces and recreational areas where soil stabilization is paramount to prevent erosion from wind and water. By applying the sand stabilization compound, the soil's resistance to erosion can be enhanced, which is beneficial for maintaining the health and appearance of grassy fields, hillsides, and other landscaped terrains.
In some cases, the vehicle-based application systems can be particularly useful for maintaining large, open areas such as soccer fields, rugby pitches, and other sports grounds. The ability to transport larger volumes of the stabilization compound and apply it over wide areas can save time and labor, ensuring that the playing surfaces are quickly and effectively treated to remain safe and playable.
Overall, the disclosed embodiments offer versatile and efficient solutions for managing and mitigating erosion across a variety of landscaping and ground maintenance applications, contributing to the sustainability and functionality of these spaces.
In the context of agriculture, soil erosion is a pervasive challenge that can severely impact crop productivity and environmental health. Erosion in agricultural settings is often caused by wind and water. Wind erosion can remove the topsoil, which is rich in organic matter and nutrients, leading to reduced soil fertility. Water erosion, on the other hand, can create rills and gullies in the fields, which not only disrupts planting and harvesting operations but also leads to the loss of valuable topsoil.
The consequences of soil erosion extend beyond the immediate loss of soil. It can lead to the sedimentation of waterways, which can harm aquatic ecosystems and increase the risk of flooding. Moreover, when topsoil is washed away, it often carries with it agricultural chemicals such as pesticides and fertilizers. This runoff can lead to the pollution of water bodies, contributing to eutrophication and the degradation of water quality.
To address these issues, there is a strong motivation to develop solutions that not just prevent erosion, but also enhance the sustainability of agricultural practices. Solutions that improve soil structure and increase its organic matter content can lead to better water retention, which in turn can improve crop yields. Additionally, by reducing the amount of soil and agricultural chemicals that are washed away, these solutions can help to minimize the environmental impact of farming, particularly in terms of runoff pollution.
The technology disclosed herein may, in some aspects, provide methods and systems that stabilize soil in agricultural settings, thereby reducing erosion and its associated problems. By applying a soil stabilization compound, similar to the methods used for golf course management, the soil's resistance to both wind and water erosion can be enhanced. This can lead to improved soil health, higher crop yields, and a reduction in runoff pollution, creating a win-win scenario for both farmers and the environment.
In some embodiments, the disclosed systems and methods for soil stabilization in agricultural settings involve the use of a soil stabilization compound (of the same or similar composition to the sand stabilization compounds disclosed herein) that may be applied to agricultural fields to reduce soil erosion. The system, as depicted in
The distribution subsystem 706 may be connected to one or more of the reservoirs 702 and configured to apply the mixed solution 714 to the fields. In some cases, the system 700 may further comprise a subterranean irrigation network of interconnected pipes connected to one or more of the reservoirs 702 and configured to transport the mixed solution 714 to various parts of the agricultural fields. The distribution subsystem may include a plurality of sprayer nozzles 708 connected to the pipes, which can, in some embodiments, be adjustable to control the spray pattern and coverage area of the mixed solution, ensuring even distribution and integration of the mixed solution 714 with the soil.
As illustrated in
The system may further comprise one or more vehicles equipped to traverse the agricultural terrain, with the one or more reservoirs 702 and the one or more mixers 704 mounted on the one or more vehicles. In some embodiments, the vehicle utilized in the agricultural setting may be a farm tractor, which offers several benefits for managing and mitigating soil erosion. A farm tractor is particularly well-suited for agricultural environments due to its robust construction and ability to navigate various types of terrain, including uneven fields and soft soil. The tractor can be equipped with the one or more reservoirs and mixers, as well as the distribution subsystem, allowing for the efficient transportation and application of the mixed solution across extensive agricultural fields.
The use of a farm tractor for this purpose provides the advantage of integrating the soil stabilization process with existing farming equipment and practices. Tractors are commonly used in agricultural operations, and their versatility allows them to perform multiple tasks, including soil stabilization, without the need for additional specialized machinery. This can result in cost savings and a reduction in the time and labor typically associated with managing soil erosion.
Furthermore, tractors can be fitted with various attachments, such as sprayer nozzles or boom sprayers, which can be used to apply the mixed solution evenly and effectively. The ability to adjust the spray pattern and coverage area ensures that the mixed solution is distributed precisely where it is needed, minimizing waste and maximizing the impact of the soil stabilization compound.
Additionally, tractors often have power take-off (PTO) capabilities, which can be used to operate the mixers and pumps that are part of the distribution subsystem. This allows for a seamless integration of the mixing and application processes, which can be controlled directly from the tractor, enhancing the efficiency of the operation.
In some embodiments, portable application of the sand stabilization compound in the agricultural context may be facilitated through the use of hand-operated pumps and sprayers. These portable systems can include a reservoir, such as a handheld tank or a larger container on a wheeled cart, which can be filled with a specified concentration of the sand stabilization compound mixed with water. The mixing of the compound with water may be done manually or with the assistance of a battery or fuel-operated mixer to ensure a consistent solution.
The hand-operated pump, which may be a lever or piston-type, can be used to pressurize the reservoir, allowing the mixed sand stabilization compound to be sprayed onto the soil through a hose and nozzle. The nozzle can be adjustable to control the spray pattern and coverage area, making it suitable for targeted application around young plants, seedlings, or specific sections of a field that are more susceptible to erosion.
This manual application method may be particularly advantageous for small-scale farmers, community gardens, or in areas where the use of mechanized equipment is not feasible due to terrain or cost considerations. It allows for precise control over the application of the compound, minimizing waste and ensuring that the areas in greatest need of soil stabilization receive adequate treatment.
Furthermore, these portable systems can be easily transported and operated by a single individual, making them ideal for spot treatments and for reaching areas that are not accessible to larger machinery. This can be especially beneficial in terraced fields, hillside farms, or in regions with fragmented landholdings where larger equipment cannot be used effectively.
In some embodiments, the application of a sand stabilization compound to agricultural fields may be conducted via aerial distribution using an aircraft. The aircraft may be a fixed-wing plane (e.g., a crop duster), helicopter, or drone. The aircraft can be equipped with a reservoir to hold the stabilization compound, potentially in a concentrated form. An onboard high-speed mixing system may be present to mix the stabilization compound with water, creating a solution that is ready for aerial application.
The aircraft, while in flight, can disperse the mixed sand stabilization compound over the fields using a spraying system designed for even distribution. This spraying system may consist of nozzles attached to the aircraft's wings or fuselage, allowing for a wide coverage area during each pass over the field. The flow rate and spray pattern can be adjusted to ensure that the compound is applied uniformly and at the appropriate rate, depending on the specific requirements of the field and the prevailing environmental conditions.
This method of application may be particularly advantageous for covering large or inaccessible areas quickly and efficiently. It can also be beneficial in situations where rapid application is desired, such as before an expected wind or rain event that could potentially cause erosion. The use of an aircraft for the application of the sand stabilization compound can minimize the compaction of soil that might occur with ground-based vehicles, thereby preserving the soil structure and further reducing the risk of erosion.
Moreover, aerial application can be synchronized with other agricultural activities, such as seeding or fertilizing, to maximize the efficiency of farm operations. This embodiment may be especially suitable for large-scale farming enterprises that require timely and extensive soil stabilization measures.
In some embodiments, different concentrations of the sand stabilization compound may be utilized to address specific agricultural applications, taking into account the desired soil consistency and the intended use of the treated area. For plantable soil areas, such as crop fields and gardens, a lower concentration of the sand stabilization compound may be used to maintain a softer consistency that is ideal for planting. This softer consistency allows for better root penetration and water infiltration, which are beneficial for seed germination and plant growth. In some cases, soil can even be mixed with the sand stabilization compound and sprayed onto the plantable surface to enhance the soil structure and improve its water-holding capacity.
Conversely, for areas such as drainage ditches where a firmer consistency is ideal for efficient water flow and prevention of erosion, a higher concentration of the sand stabilization compound may be applied. The increased concentration results in a more robust binding of soil particles, creating a stabilized surface that resists erosion and maintains the integrity of the drainage infrastructure. This application could be combined with other farming machinery to till and tamp the drainage ditches, compacting them to further enhance their durability and functionality.
In some aspects, the ability to adjust the concentration of the sand stabilization compound allows for a tailored approach to soil management. Farmers and agricultural managers can select the appropriate concentration based on the specific requirements of different areas within their agricultural settings. This flexibility in application ensures that each area is treated with the right amount of compound to achieve the desired outcome, whether it is to create a soft, plantable surface or to reinforce the structure of drainage ditches for improved water management.
The soil stabilization compound may comprise one or more polysaccharides, which may include one or more algae-derived phycocolloids or plant-derived gums. The one or more mixers may be configured to mix the soil stabilization compound with the water in a ratio that is adjustable based on environmental conditions, such as humidity, temperature, and wind, and/or the characteristics of the soil.
These systems and methods provide a means for farmers and agricultural managers to effectively manage and mitigate soil erosion, thereby preserving the fertility and productivity of the agricultural fields while minimizing the environmental impact of farming practices. The use of a soil stabilization compound that is safe for the environment and non-toxic to plant and animal life further ensures that the agricultural settings remain sustainable and eco-friendly.
In remote and particularly arid locations, dirt roads and runways are often plagued by dust and wind-blown erosion, which present considerable challenges for vehicle transit and aircraft operations. The fine particles of dust can reduce visibility, contaminate vehicle machinery, and create hazardous breathing conditions. Wind-blown erosion can lead to the degradation of the road or runway surface, creating uneven and unsafe conditions for vehicles and aircraft during takeoff and landing.
Conventional solutions to these problems typically involve the frequent application of water or chemical-based dust suppressants. Spraying water on the surface can temporarily weigh down dust particles and prevent them from becoming airborne. However, in arid environments, water is a scarce resource, and its use for dust control can be unsustainable and wasteful. Moreover, the effectiveness of water is short-lived, requiring repeated applications which can be resource-intensive and disruptive to road and runway use.
Chemical dust suppressants, on the other hand, can offer a longer-lasting solution compared to water. However, many of these chemicals are toxic and can pose environmental and health risks. They can contaminate local water sources, harm wildlife, and pose risks to humans through direct contact or inhalation. Additionally, the use of such chemicals often requires specialized handling and equipment, adding to the operational costs and complexity.
Given these challenges, there is a strong motivation for developing a non-toxic soil binding solution that can effectively mitigate dust and erosion without the drawbacks of conventional methods. The stabilization compounds described herein may provide such a solution. These compounds can bind sand and/or soil particles together, creating a more stable and durable surface that is resistant to wind erosion and dust generation. By using a non-toxic and environmentally friendly stabilization compound, the solution can be applied without the risk of environmental contamination or health hazards associated with toxic chemical suppressants.
Furthermore, the use of these stabilization compounds can be more resource-efficient, reducing the frequency of applications compared to ordinary water spraying. This can lead to a more sustainable and cost-effective approach to managing dust and erosion on dirt roads and runways, especially in remote and arid regions where resources are limited and environmental conservation is of paramount concern.
Ruts and gullies in roads and runways can pose serious problems for transportation and access. In some cases, the formation of ruts can lead to vehicle misalignment and loss of control, increasing the risk of accidents. Gullies can further compromise the structural integrity of the surface, leading to potential collapses and the creation of impassable sections. This can disrupt the flow of traffic, impede emergency services, and isolate communities, especially in remote areas where alternative routes are limited or non-existent. All of this can necessitate frequent and costly repairs to maintain the usability of roads and runways. These maintenance efforts often involve the addition of fill materials and compaction, which can be a temporary fix as subsequent erosion events may quickly undo the repairs. The ongoing cycle of damage and repair can be a financial burden on local governments and organizations responsible for infrastructure maintenance.
The use of a non-toxic soil binding solution is particularly advantageous as it avoids the environmental and health concerns associated with toxic chemical treatments. A non-toxic approach ensures that local ecosystems and water sources remain uncontaminated, and that human health is not put at risk through exposure to harmful substances. Additionally, a non-toxic solution can be more readily adopted by communities with environmental conservation priorities and can contribute to sustainable development goals by preserving the natural landscape.
In some embodiments for dust control, the system 700 comprises one or more reservoirs 702 configured to contain a dust stabilization compound 712 and water 712. The system also includes one or more mixers 704, which are responsible for mixing the dust stabilization compound with the water to create a mixed solution 714. This mixed solution 714 is then applied to unpaved surfaces using a distribution subsystem 706 connected to the reservoirs 702, with the aim of reducing dust generation.
The distribution subsystem may include a vehicle-mounted spraying system, which is designed to distribute the mixed solution evenly across the unpaved surfaces. This system can consist of a series of nozzles 708 that are strategically positioned to ensure comprehensive coverage. Alternatively, the system may include a portable application unit, which can be manually transported. This unit contains the reservoirs 702 and mixers 704, and the distribution subsystem 706 includes a hose and sprayer nozzle 708 for targeted application of the mixed solution 714.
The dust stabilization compound may comprise one or more polysaccharides, which could include algae-derived phycocolloids or plant-derived gums. The mixers are configured to mix the dust stabilization compound with the water in a ratio that is adjustable to accommodate different unpaved surface conditions. Additionally, one or more pumps may be included to pressurize and convey the mixed solution through the distribution subsystem 706 for application to the unpaved surfaces.
In some cases, the distribution subsystem is further configured to integrate with existing road maintenance machinery for simultaneous dust mitigation and surface maintenance operations. In other embodiments, the application of the mixed solution to the unpaved surfaces is conducted using an aircraft equipped with a reservoir and a spraying system for aerial distribution of the mixed solution.
In a first embodiment for dust and erosion mitigation, particularly applicable to dirt roads and runways, a stabilization compound (of the same or similar composition to the sand and soil stabilization compounds disclosed herein) may be applied using a vehicle such as a truck or tractor. This method is akin to the systems described for golf course and agricultural environments. The vehicle can be equipped with a reservoir to hold the stabilization compound, which may be in a concentrated form. A high-speed mixing system, potentially including an impeller or similar mechanism, may be present within the reservoir to mix the stabilization compound with water to create a ready-to-apply solution.
The vehicle may also include a spraying system designed to distribute the mixed stabilization compound evenly across the surface of the road or runway. This spraying system can consist of a series of nozzles that are strategically positioned to ensure comprehensive coverage, or a single, adjustable nozzle that can be manually directed by the operator to target specific areas in need of treatment.
In some aspects, the vehicle may be driven along the length of the dirt roads or runways, allowing the stabilization compound to be sprayed over the surface in a controlled manner. The application process can be adjusted to account for the specific conditions of the road or runway, such as the level of erosion present or the expected traffic load, to ensure that the stabilization compound is applied in the correct quantity and with the appropriate frequency to maintain the integrity of the surface.
Optionally, the vehicle may be further configured to perform additional surface preparation or finishing tasks, such as grading or compacting, either before or after the application of the stabilization compound. This integrated approach can enhance the effectiveness of the stabilization compound and contribute to a longer-lasting solution for dust and erosion control on dirt roads and runways.
In some embodiments, the application of the stabilization compound to roads and runways may be conducted using an aircraft, in a manner similar to the aerial distribution methods used for agricultural fields. The aircraft, which could be a fixed-wing plane, helicopter, or drone, may be equipped with a reservoir designed to hold the stabilization compound, potentially in a concentrated form. An onboard high-speed mixing system, such as an impeller, may be utilized to mix the stabilization compound with water, thereby creating a solution that is ready for aerial application.
As the aircraft flies over the roads or runways, the mixed stabilization compound can be dispersed using a spraying system that is specifically designed for even distribution. This system may include nozzles that are attached to the aircraft's wings or fuselage, which allow for a broad coverage area with each pass. The pilot or an automated system can control the flow rate and spray pattern to ensure that the compound is applied uniformly and at the correct rate, tailored to the specific conditions of the road or runway surface.
This method of application may be particularly advantageous for treating large or hard-to-reach areas efficiently. It can also be beneficial when a rapid response is desired, such as in preparation for an expected weather event that could cause erosion. The aerial application of the stabilization compound can minimize the impact on the surface, avoiding the potential soil compaction that might occur with ground-based application methods, and thus preserving the integrity of the road or runway.
Moreover, the use of an aircraft for the application of the stabilization compound can be synchronized with other maintenance activities, optimizing the overall management and upkeep of the infrastructure. This embodiment may be particularly suitable for remote areas where access for ground vehicles is limited or for regions where rapid and widespread application is a priority.
While the subject matter of this disclosure has been described and shown in considerable detail with reference to certain illustrative embodiments, including various combinations and sub-combinations of features, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments and variations and modifications thereof as encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, the descriptions of such embodiments, combinations, and sub-combinations are not intended to convey that the claimed subject matter requires features or combinations of features other than those expressly recited in the claims. Accordingly, the scope of this disclosure is intended to include all modifications and variations encompassed within the spirit and scope of the following appended claims.
The terminology used above may be interpreted in its broadest reasonable manner, even though it is being used in conjunction with a detailed description of certain specific examples of the present disclosure. Indeed, certain terms may even be emphasized above; however, any terminology intended to be interpreted in any restricted manner will be overtly and specifically defined as such in this Detailed Description section. Both the foregoing general description and the detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the features, as claimed.
As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “having,” including,” or other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements, but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus.
In this disclosure, relative terms, such as, for example, “about,” substantially,” “generally,” and “approximately” are used to indicate a possible variation of +10% in a stated value.
The term “exemplary” is used in the sense of “example” rather than “ideal.” As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural reference unless the context dictates otherwise.
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 18/457,561, filed Aug. 29, 2023, entitled “Systems and Methods for Mitigation of Beach Erosion and Escarpments.”
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 18457561 | Aug 2023 | US |
| Child | 18735902 | US |
