Patent Application
20240317231
The present disclosure relates generally to automated vehicles and, more specifically, to systems and methods for automated vehicle operation.
The use of automated vehicles has become increasingly prevalent in recent years, with the potential for numerous benefits, such as improved safety, reduced traffic congestion, and increased mobility for people with disabilities. Part of being a good citizen of the road is showing appreciation or acknowledgment to other external actors (e.g., other vehicles). For example, a human may express appreciation to another vehicle by waiving or nodding when the vehicle creates extra space for them to make a desired lane change or merge. Truck drivers may do this at times by using a marker interrupt to flash marker lamps a number of times as a common practice to express appreciation.
An automated (e.g., autonomous) vehicle system may not be able to express appreciation in the same manner as humans. For example, part of being a good citizen of the road, whether the actor is human or robotic, is expressing appreciation at times. In some cases, it may be common for a human to express appreciation (e.g., say thank you) by waiving or nodding when another human makes extra room (e.g., creates space) for them to make a desired lane change or merge. This action may constitute a good deed. Truck drivers may express appreciation in a similar scenario by flashing marker lamps a number of times (e.g., three times). However, self-driving vehicles (SDVs), such as trucks or other vehicles, may have difficulties recognizing these scenarios and expressing appreciation. The lack of appreciation may result in upset drivers on the road, which may cause reduced occurrence of these scenarios and an overall reduced experience of interactions with SDVs.
A computer implementing the systems and methods described herein may overcome the aforementioned technical deficiencies. For example, the computer may operate to activate an acknowledgment procedure for expressing appreciation. In some cases, the computer may determine to control an SDV to switch into another lane. The computer may monitor a speed or a location of another vehicle and determine that the speed or location of the other vehicle satisfies a condition (e.g., the other vehicle has created sufficient space for the SDV). The computer may control the SDV to switch into the other lane and activate an acknowledgment sequence to express appreciation to the other vehicle.
To activate the acknowledgment sequence, the computer may activate a lamp. For example, the computer may activate one or more marker lamps located at a back surface of the SDV (e.g., a taillight). In some examples, to follow common roadway practice, the computer may activate and deactivate the marker lamps (e.g., flash) a number of times (e.g., three times). In some examples, the computer may activate the acknowledgment sequence responsive to detecting an indication of intent from the other vehicle (e.g., flashing lights from the other vehicle to indicate it intentionally created space for the SDV to merge).
The techniques described herein may result in various advantages over the aforementioned technical deficiencies. For example, adopting the acknowledgment procedure may allow for improved interactions with external actors (e.g., other vehicles of the road) by showing appreciation, improved social acceptance of SDVs, and improved “behavior” of SDVs by following common roadway practice, among other advantages.
At least one aspect is directed to a vehicle. The vehicle can include one or more processors. The one or more processors can be configured to determine to switch the vehicle into a lane adjacent to the vehicle; responsive to determining to switch the vehicle into the lane, monitor a speed or a location of a second vehicle, the second vehicle in the lane adjacent to the vehicle; determine the speed or the location of the second vehicle satisfies a condition; responsive to determining the condition is satisfied, control the vehicle to switch into the lane adjacent to the vehicle; and activate an acknowledgment sequence responsive to determining the vehicle has switched into the lane.
At least one aspect is directed to a method. The method may include determining, by one or more processors, to switch the vehicle into a lane adjacent to the vehicle; responsive to determining to switch the vehicle into the lane, monitor, by the one or more processors, a speed or a location of a second vehicle, the second vehicle in the lane adjacent to the vehicle; determine, by the one or more processors, the speed or the location of the second vehicle satisfies a condition; responsive to determining the condition is satisfied, control, by the one or more processors, the vehicle to switch into the lane adjacent to the vehicle; and activate, by the one or more processors, an acknowledgment sequence responsive to determining the vehicle has switched into the lane.
At least one aspect is directed to a non-transitory computer readable medium that can include one or more instructions stored thereon that are executable by a processor. The processor can determine to switch the vehicle into a lane adjacent to the vehicle; responsive to determining to switch the vehicle into the lane, monitor a speed or a location of a second vehicle, the second vehicle in the lane adjacent to the vehicle; determine the speed or the location of the second vehicle satisfies a condition; responsive to determining the condition is satisfied, control the vehicle to switch into the lane adjacent to the vehicle; and activate an acknowledgment sequence responsive to determining the vehicle has switched into the lane.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate various exemplary embodiments and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosed embodiments.
In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented here. It will be readily understood that the aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein, and illustrated in the figures, can be arranged, substituted, combined, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are explicitly contemplated and make part of this disclosure.
Referring to
The maps/localization aspect of the autonomy system 114 may be configured to determine where on a pre-established digital map the vehicle 102 is currently located. One way to do this is to sense the environment surrounding the vehicle 102 (e.g., via the perception module 116) and to correlate features of the sensed environment with details (e.g., digital representations of the features of the sensed environment) on the digital map.
Once the systems on the vehicle 102 have determined its location with respect to the digital map features (e.g., location on the roadway, upcoming intersections, road signs, etc.), the vehicle 102 can plan and execute maneuvers and/or routes with respect to the features of the digital map. The behaviors, planning, and control aspects of the autonomy system 114 may be configured to make decisions about how the vehicle 102 should move through the environment to get to its goal or destination. The autonomy system 114 may consume information from the perception and maps/localization modules to know where the vehicle 102 is relative to the surrounding environment and what other objects and traffic actors are doing.
While this disclosure refers to a vehicle 102 as an automated vehicle, it is understood that the vehicle 102 could be any type of vehicle including a truck (e.g., a tractor trailer), an automobile, a mobile industrial machine, etc. While the disclosure will discuss a self-driving or driverless automated system, it is understood that the automated system could alternatively be semi-autonomous having varying degrees of autonomy or autonomous functionality. While the perception module 116 is depicted as being located at the front of the vehicle 102, the perception module 116 may be a part of a perception system with various sensors placed at different locations throughout the vehicle 102.
The camera system 220 of the perception system may include one or more cameras mounted at any location on the vehicle 102, which may be configured to capture images of the environment surrounding the vehicle 102 in any aspect or field of view (FOV). The FOV can have any angle or aspect such that images of the areas ahead of, to the side, and behind the vehicle 102 may be captured. In some embodiments, the FOV may be limited to particular areas around the vehicle 102 (e.g., forward of the vehicle 102) or may surround 360 degrees of the vehicle 102. In some embodiments, the image data generated by the camera system(s) 220 may be sent to the perception module 202 and stored, for example, in memory 214.
The LiDAR system 222 may include a laser generator and a detector and can send and receive LiDAR signals. A LiDAR signal can be emitted to and received from any direction such that LiDAR point clouds (or “LiDAR images”) of the areas ahead of, to the side, and behind the vehicle 200 can be captured and stored as LiDAR point clouds. In some embodiments, the vehicle 200 may include multiple LiDAR systems and point cloud data from the multiple systems may be stitched together.
The radar system 232 may estimate strength or effective mass of an object, as objects made out of paper or plastic may be weakly detected. The radar system 232 may be based on 24 GHz, 77 GHz, or other frequency radio waves. The radar system 232 may include short-range radar (SRR), mid-range radar (MRR), or long-range radar (LRR). One or more sensors may emit radio waves, and a processor can process received reflected data (e.g., raw radar sensor data).
In some embodiments, the system inputs from the camera system 220, the LiDAR system 222, and the radar system 232 may be fused (e.g., in the perception module 202). The LiDAR system 222 may include one or more actuators to modify a position and/or orientation of the LiDAR system 222 or components thereof. The LiDAR system 222 may be configured to use ultraviolet (UV), visible, or infrared light to image objects and can be used with a wide range of targets. In some embodiments, the LiDAR system 222 can be used to map physical features of an object with high resolution (e.g., using a narrow laser beam). In some examples, the LiDAR system 222 may generate a point cloud and the point cloud may be rendered to visualize the environment surrounding the vehicle 200 (or object(s) therein). In some embodiments, the point cloud may be rendered as one or more polygon(s) or mesh model(s) through, for example, surface reconstruction. Collectively, the radar system 232, the LiDAR system 222, and the camera system 220 may be referred to herein as “imaging systems.”
The GNSS receiver 208 may be positioned on the vehicle 200 and may be configured to determine a location of the vehicle 200 via GNSS data, as described herein. The GNSS receiver 208 may be configured to receive one or more signals from a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) (e.g., GPS system) to localize the vehicle 200 via geolocation. The GNSS receiver 208 may provide an input to and otherwise communicate with the mapping/localization module 204 to, for example, provide location data for use with one or more digital maps, such as an HD map (e.g., in a vector layer, in a raster layer or other semantic map, etc.). In some embodiments, the GNSS receiver 208 may be configured to receive updates from an external network.
The IMU 224 may be an electronic device that measures and reports one or more features regarding the motion of the vehicle 200. For example, the IMU 224 may measure a velocity, acceleration, angular rate, and or an orientation of the vehicle 200 or one or more of its individual components using a combination of accelerometers, gyroscopes, and/or magnetometers. The IMU 224 may detect linear acceleration using one or more accelerometers and rotational rate using one or more gyroscopes. In some embodiments, the IMU 224 may be communicatively coupled to the GNSS receiver 208 and/or the mapping/localization module 204, to help determine a real-time location of the vehicle 200, and predict a location of the vehicle 200 even when the GNSS receiver 208 cannot receive satellite signals.
The transceiver 226 may be configured to communicate with one or more external networks 260 via, for example, a wired or wireless connection in order to send and receive information (e.g., to a remote server 270). The wireless connection may be a wireless communication signal (e.g., Wi-Fi, cellular, LTE, 5g, etc.) In some embodiments, the transceiver 226 may be configured to communicate with external network(s) via a wired connection, such as, for example, during initial installation, testing, or service of the autonomy system 250 of the vehicle 200. A wired/wireless connection may be used to download and install various lines of code in the form of digital files (e.g., HD digital maps), executable programs (e.g., navigation programs), and other computer-readable code that may be used by the system 250 to navigate the vehicle 200 or otherwise operate the vehicle 200, either fully-autonomously or semi-autonomously.
The processor 210 of autonomy system 250 may be embodied as one or more of a data processor, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, a digital signal processor, a logic circuit, a programmable logic array, or one or more other devices for controlling the autonomy system 250 in response to one or more of the system inputs. The autonomy system 250 may include a single microprocessor or multiple microprocessors that may include means for controlling the vehicle 200 to switch lanes, monitoring and detecting other vehicles, and activating acknowledgment sequences. Numerous commercially available microprocessors can be configured to perform the functions of the autonomy system 250. It should be appreciated that the autonomy system 250 could include a general machine controller capable of controlling numerous other machine functions. Alternatively, a special-purpose machine controller could be provided. Further, the autonomy system 250, or portions thereof, may be located remote from the system 250. For example, one or more features of the mapping/localization module 204 could be located remote of the vehicle 200. Various other known circuits may be associated with the autonomy system 250, including signal-conditioning circuitry, communication circuitry, actuation circuitry, and other appropriate circuitry.
The memory 214 of autonomy system 250 may store data and/or software routines that may assist the autonomy system 250 in performing its functions, such as the functions of the perception module 202, the mapping/localization module 204, the vehicle control module 206, an acknowledgment sequence module 230, and the method 500 described herein with respect to
As noted above, the perception module 202 may receive input from the various sensors, such as the camera system 220, the LiDAR system 222, the GNSS receiver 208, and/or the IMU 224 (collectively “perception data”) to sense an environment surrounding the vehicle 200 and interpret it. To interpret the surrounding environment, the perception module 202 (or “perception engine”) may identify and classify objects or groups of objects in the environment. For example, the vehicle 102 may use the perception module 202 to identify one or more objects (e.g., pedestrians, vehicles, debris, etc.) or features of the roadway 106 (e.g., intersections, road signs, lane lines, etc.) before or beside a vehicle and classify the objects in the road. In some embodiments, the perception module 202 may include an image classification function and/or a computer vision function.
The system 100 may collect perception data. The perception data may represent the perceived environment surrounding the vehicle, for example, and may be collected using aspects of the perception system described herein. The perception data can come from, for example, one or more of the LiDAR system, the camera system, the radar system, (e.g., as described herein with reference to
The image classification function may determine the features of an image (e.g., a visual image from the camera system 220 and/or a point cloud from the LiDAR system 222). The image classification function can be any combination of software agents and/or hardware modules able to identify image features and determine attributes of image parameters in order to classify portions, features, or attributes of an image. The image classification function may be embodied by a software module that may be communicatively coupled to a repository of images or image data (e.g., visual data and/or point cloud data) which may be used to determine objects and/or features in real time image data captured by, for example, the camera system 220 and the LiDAR system 222. In some embodiments, the image classification function may be configured to classify features based on information received from only a portion of the multiple available sources. For example, in the case that the captured visual camera data includes images that may be blurred, the system 250 may identify objects based on data from one or more of the other systems (e.g., the LiDAR system 222) that does not include the image data.
The computer vision function may be configured to process and analyze images captured by the camera system 220 and/or the LiDAR system 222 or stored on one or more modules of the autonomy system 250 (e.g., in the memory 214), to identify objects and/or features in the environment surrounding the vehicle 200 (e.g., lane lines). The computer vision function may use, for example, an object recognition algorithm, video tracing, one or more photogrammetric range imaging techniques (e.g., a structure from motion (SfM) algorithms), or other computer vision techniques. The computer vision function may be configured to, for example, perform environmental mapping and/or track object vectors (e.g., speed and direction). In some embodiments, objects or features may be classified into various object classes using the image classification function, for instance, and the computer vision function may track the one or more classified objects to determine aspects of the classified object (e.g., aspects of its motion, size, etc.)
The mapping/localization module 204 receives perception data that can be compared to one or more digital maps stored in the mapping/localization module 204 to determine where the vehicle 200 is in the world and/or or where the vehicle 200 is on the digital map(s). In particular, the mapping/localization module 204 may receive perception data from the perception module 202 and/or from the various sensors sensing the environment surrounding the vehicle 200 and may correlate features of the sensed environment with details (e.g., digital representations of the features of the sensed environment) on the one or more digital maps. The digital map may have various levels of detail and can be, for example, a raster map, a vector map, etc. The digital maps may be stored locally on the vehicle 200 and/or stored and accessed remotely.
The vehicle control module 206 may control the behavior and maneuvers of the vehicle 200. For example, once the systems on the vehicle 200 have determined its location with respect to map features (e.g., intersections, road signs, lane lines, etc.) the vehicle 200 may use the vehicle control module 206 and its associated systems to plan and execute maneuvers and/or routes with respect to the features of the environment. The vehicle control module 206 may make decisions about how the vehicle 200 will move through the environment to get to a goal or destination of the vehicle 200 as the vehicle 200 completes a mission. The vehicle control module 206 may consume information from the perception module 202 and the mapping/localization module 204 to know where the vehicle 200 is relative to the surrounding environment and what other traffic actors are doing.
The vehicle control module 206 may be communicatively and operatively coupled to a plurality of vehicle operating systems and may execute one or more control signals and/or schemes to control operation of the one or more operating systems, for example, the vehicle control module 206 may control one or more of a vehicle steering system, a propulsion system, and/or a braking system. The propulsion system may be configured to provide powered motion for the vehicle 200 and may include, for example, an engine/motor, an energy source, a transmission, and wheels/tires and may be coupled to and receive a signal from a throttle system, for example, which may be any combination of mechanisms configured to control the operating speed and acceleration of the engine/motor and thus, the speed/acceleration of the vehicle 200. The steering system may be any combination of mechanisms configured to adjust the heading or direction of the vehicle 200. The brake system may be, for example, any combination of mechanisms configured to decelerate the vehicle 200 (e.g., friction braking system, regenerative braking system, etc.) The vehicle control module 206 may be configured to avoid obstacles in the environment surrounding the vehicle 200 and may be configured to use one or more system inputs to identify, evaluate, and modify a vehicle trajectory. The vehicle control module 206 is depicted as a single module but can be any combination of software agents and/or hardware modules able to generate vehicle control signals operative to monitor systems and control various vehicle actuators. The vehicle control module 206 may include a steering controller and for vehicle lateral motion control and a propulsion and braking controller for vehicle longitudinal motion.
In some examples, the vehicle control module 206 may decide to switch from the lane 112 into the adjacent lane 108 (e.g., cross over the lane line 110). To do so, the vehicle control module 206 may activate a turn indicator to indicate the vehicle will merge into the adjacent lane 108. In some cases, a vehicle 104 may slow down to create space for the vehicle 200 to merge into the lane 108. The vehicle 104 may flash front lamps to indicate that the vehicle 104 has created the space and will maintain the space for the vehicle 200 to merge. The perception module 202 may monitor the vehicle 104. The perception module 202 can detect that the speed and location of the vehicle 104 is sufficient (e.g., satisfies a condition) for the vehicle 200 to merge into the lane 108. The vehicle 200 may switch from the lane 112 to the lane 108 (e.g., merge) and activate an acknowledgment sequence to express appreciation to the vehicle 104 (e.g., thank the vehicle 104). An acknowledgment sequence can be an activation of a device or physical component of or located on a vehicle (e.g., the vehicle 102) that changed lanes that causes an indication that is visible and/or audible to a vehicle behind and/or in front of the vehicle after changing lanes to appear (e.g., a flashing of one or more lamps of the vehicle, honking of a horn, etc.). Adjacent can mean to share a lane line (e.g., the lane 112 is adjacent to the lane 108 as they share the lane line 110) with another vehicle, that two vehicles are driving the same direction on a road, or that two vehicles are on the same road.
The acknowledgment sequence module 230 may control the activation of the acknowledgment sequence. For example, the acknowledgment sequence module 230 may determine that the condition for activation has been satisfied (e.g., sufficient space (e.g., a gap with a size or length above a threshold) to merge lanes, flashing lights from the vehicle 104, a speed of the vehicle 104 below a threshold, a location of the vehicle 104 is at least a set distance behind the vehicle 200, etc.). Responsive to determining the condition is satisfied, the acknowledgment sequence module 230 may activate one or more lamps a contiguous number of times (e.g., flash the lamps). In some cases, the acknowledgment sequence module 230 may be communicatively and operatively coupled to a plurality of vehicle operating systems and may execute one or more control signals and/or schemes to control operation of the one or more operating systems, for example, the acknowledgment sequence module 230 may control a lighting system to activate and deactivate one or more lamps located at various surfaces of the vehicle 200.
At operations 302, 304, and 306, various sensors may detect and track (e.g., monitor) other vehicles. For example, with reference to
At operation 308, an automated driving system (e.g., the autonomy system 114, 250) may collect the data from the various sensors and determine behavior based on the collected data. In a first example, the data processing system may determine that a speed, a location, or a behavior (e.g., intentionally creating space to merge, unintentionally creating space, etc.) of the other vehicles does not satisfy a condition or a distance between two other vehicles (e.g., a gap) does not satisfy the condition. For example, the other vehicle may be decelerating, but may still be at a location that does not provide sufficient space for the vehicle 102 to merge. The data processing system may determine to maintain the turn indicator active, accelerate the vehicle 102, decelerate the vehicle 102, maintain the speed of the vehicle 102, or any combination thereof. In a second example, the data processing system may determine that the speed, the location, or the behavior of the other vehicles or a distance between the two other vehicles satisfy the condition. For example, the condition may include the ability for the vehicle 102 to safely (e.g., without hitting another object, without endangering other vehicles, abiding by the rules of the road, etc.) merge into the adjacent lane. The data processing system may execute motion and vehicle control to control the vehicle 102 to switch into a lane adjacent to the vehicle 102.
At operation 310, the data processing system may activate an acknowledgment sequence. The data processing system may determine that the other vehicle created space based on detecting and tracking the other vehicle over time. For example, the data processing system may monitor the other vehicle from the moment the data processing system determines to switch lanes. The data processing system may identify that the other vehicle made space for the vehicle 102 to merge into the lane based on the vehicle slowing down (e.g., slowing down subsequent to the vehicle activating a turn signal) and/or that there is gap between the other vehicle and an object (e.g., another vehicle) in front of the other vehicle with a distance that exceeds a threshold. Additionally, in some cases, the data processing system may detect, via the camera system 220, flashing lights. For example, the other vehicle may create room for the vehicle 102 to merge and flash headlamps of the other vehicle to signal to the vehicle 102 that the other vehicle will maintain distance for the vehicle 102 to merge safely, indicating an intent of the other vehicle. In some cases, the data processing system may determine the condition is satisfied responsive to detecting the flashing lights of the other vehicle. For example, the condition may include detecting the flashing lights after the other vehicle has created sufficient room for the vehicle 102 to merge.
Responsive to determining the condition is satisfied (e.g., the other vehicle intentionally allowed the vehicle 102 to merge), at operation 312, the data processing system may activate the acknowledgment sequence. The data processing system may activate the acknowledgment sequence further response to controlling the vehicle 102 to merge into the lane. Examples of acknowledgment sequences include, but are not limited to, flashing lights, honking a horn, changing a display (e.g., an electronic monitor), etc. In the example of the flashing lights, the data processing system can activate one or more lamps associated with the vehicle 102 via vehicle electronic control units. For example, the data processing system can activate the one or more lamps by flashing lamps of the vehicle 102. The lamps may be marker lamps located at a back surface of the vehicle 102 (e.g., backlights, taillights, etc.). In some cases, the lamps may flash a number of times (e.g., sequential or contiguous times) to conform with a roadway practice of indicating appreciation (e.g., three times). In some cases, the data processing system may express appreciation to the other vehicle by activating the acknowledgment sequence responsive to merging into the lane.
With reference to
With reference to
Additionally, or alternatively, with reference to
With reference to
At operation 502, the data processing system may determine to control a vehicle to switch into a lane adjacent to the automated vehicle. The data processing system may determine to switch into the adjacent lane to complete a route or trajectory assigned to or determined for the automated vehicle. At operation 504, responsive to determining to control the vehicle to switch into the lane, the data processing system may monitor a speed or a location of a second vehicle. The second vehicle may be located in the lane adjacent to the vehicle. In some cases, the second vehicle may impede the vehicle to switch into the adjacent lane safely.
At operation 506, the data processing system may determine whether the speed or location of the second vehicle satisfies a condition. For example, if the location of the second vehicle is sufficiently behind the vehicle and/or if the speed of the second vehicle is sufficiently low (e.g., below a threshold) to allow for the vehicle to safely merge into the lane, then the data processing system may continue to operation 508. However, if the location or speed of the second vehicle will not allow the vehicle to safely merge into the lane (e.g., the second vehicle is not sufficiently behind the vehicle or the speed of the second vehicle is too high (e.g., above a threshold), then the data processing system may continue to monitor the speed and the location of the second vehicle at operation 504. In some examples, the data processing system may monitor a gap (e.g., a distance) between the second vehicle and a third vehicle in front of the second vehicle. The data processing system may do so to determine if a condition is satisfied (e.g., the gap is sufficiently large enough, such as above a threshold distance, for the vehicle to merge into the adjacent lane). In some cases, the data processing system may detect flashing lights from the second vehicle and determine that the condition has been satisfied responsive to detecting the flashing lights.
At operation 508, the data processing system may control the vehicle to switch into the lane adjacent to the vehicle. The data processing system may do so responsive to determining the condition related to the speed, location, and/or gap of the second vehicle is satisfied. At operation 510, the data processing system may activate an acknowledgment sequence responsive to determining the vehicle has switched into the lane. In some examples, the data processing system may activate the acknowledgment sequence by activating one or more lamps (e.g., each turn signal or break light) located at a back surface of the vehicle. For example, the data processing system may flash the lamps multiple times to indicate appreciation for the intent and behavior of the second vehicle (e.g., creating space for the vehicle to merge).
The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been generally described in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of this disclosure or the claims.
Embodiments implemented in computer software may be implemented in software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or any combination thereof. A code segment or machine-executable instructions may represent a procedure, a function, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a software package, a class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program statements. A code segment may be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and/or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters, or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc., may be passed, forwarded, or transmitted via any suitable means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, etc.
The actual software code or specialized control hardware used to implement these systems and methods is not limiting of the claimed features or this disclosure. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems and methods were described without reference to the specific software code being understood that software and control hardware can be designed to implement the systems and methods based on the description herein.
When implemented in software, the functions may be stored as one or more instructions or code on a non-transitory computer-readable or processor-readable storage medium. The steps of a method or algorithm disclosed herein may be embodied in a processor-executable software module, which may reside on a computer-readable or processor-readable storage medium. A non-transitory computer-readable or processor-readable media includes both computer storage media and tangible storage media that facilitate transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory processor-readable storage media may be any available media that may be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such non-transitory processor-readable media may comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other tangible storage medium that may be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a computer or processor. Disk and disc, as used herein, include compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc, where “disks” usually reproduce data magnetically, while “discs” reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media. Additionally, the operations of a method or algorithm may reside as one or any combination or set of codes and/or instructions on a non-transitory processor-readable medium and/or computer-readable medium, which may be incorporated into a computer program product.
The preceding description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the embodiments described herein and variations thereof. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter disclosed herein. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the following claims and the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed, other aspects and embodiments are contemplated. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
