Patent Grant
10512803
This application relates generally to devices, systems and methods for protecting cables and/or other members against fire, heat and/or potentially damaging events and occurrences.
Various methods of reinforcing cables (e.g., tension cables used in bridges and other structures), columns, pipes, conduits, files, columns, beams, foundations, walls (e.g., shearwalls, non-structural walls, other walls, etc.), other structural components and/or other members against fire or heat damage (e.g., by blowtorches, flamethrowers, other fire or heat sources, etc.) or other occurrences responsible for potentially threatening such members are known. Threatening occurrences may occur intentionally or non-intentionally through one or more manmade or natural activities, such as, for example, terrorist acts, accidents, fires, other weather-related events and/or the like. Thus, there remains a need for a more reliable, efficient and cost-effective systems and methods of reinforcing cables, pipes and/or other members of a structure or system.
According to some embodiments, a fireproofing system for protecting an elongate member, comprising at least one inner layer configured to at least partially wrap around itself to form an inner passage, the at least one inner layer configured to generally resist heat, and an outer shell or member defining an interior opening, wherein the first layer is configured to be positioned within the interior opening of the outer shell or outer member, wherein an elongate member is configured to pass through the inner passage.
According to some embodiments, a fireproofing system for protecting an member or a surface comprises at least one inner layer configured to at least partially cover a member or a surface, the at least one inner layer configured to generally resist heat, and an outer shell or member defining an interior region, wherein the first layer is configured to be positioned within the interior region of the outer shell or outer member, wherein system is configured to protect a member or a surface of a structure.
According to some embodiments, the at least one inner layer comprises at least one of a ceramic material and another material configured to be relatively heat resistant. In some embodiments, the another material comprises a silica or silicon-based material. In one embodiment, the at least one inner layer comprises a glass-fiber material. In some embodiments, the at least one inner layer comprises a fabric or other material that is configured to at least partially wrap around itself. In some embodiments, the at least one inner layer is configured to overlap around itself by at least 20 percent of its outer circumference. In some embodiments, the at least one inner layer is configured to overlap around itself by at least one-eighth of a circumference of the at least one inner layer.
According to some embodiments, the inner layer comprises at least one of a ceramic wool, a ceramic foam and a ceramic fabric. In some embodiments, the at least one layer is provided in sheets. In some embodiments, the at least one layer is at least partially secured to an interior wall of the outer shell or outer member.
According to some embodiments, the outer shell or member comprises a silica or silicon material. In some embodiments, the outer shell or member is configured to resist heat up to about 2000 degrees F. In some embodiments, the outer shell or member comprises a thermoplastic. In one embodiment, the outer shell or member comprises high density, polyethylene. In some embodiments, the elongate member comprises a structural cable.
According to some embodiments, the system further comprises at least one layer of felt. In some embodiments, the felt comprises recycled carbon felt. In one embodiment, the layer of felt is positioned along an interior of the at least one inner layer.
According to some embodiments, the system further comprises a material having favorable fireproofing properties. In some embodiments, the material having favorable fireproofing properties comprises an intumescent material. In one embodiment, the material having favorable fireproofing properties comprises Graphene.
According to some embodiments, the system further comprises at least one interior shell or member along an interior of the at least one inner member. In some embodiments, the at least one interior shell or member comprises a ceramic material. In some embodiments, the at least one interior shell or member comprises a material that is configured to resist heat.
According to some embodiments, the system further comprises at least one metallic inner member along the innermost portion of the system, the at least one metallic inner member being configured to provide, at a minimum, abrasion resistance to the system. In some embodiments, at least one of the at least one metallic outer member and the at least one inner member comprises steel (e.g., stainless steel). In some embodiments, the system completely or partially encircles or encapsulates the elongate member.
According to some embodiments, the R-value of the at least one inner layer is greater than 50. In some embodiments, the R-value of the at least one inner layer is between 50 and 100. In some embodiments, the R-value of the at least one inner layer is greater than 100.
According to some embodiments, a method of fireproofing a member or a surface comprises providing at least one inner layer along or around a member or a surface, the at least one inner layer configured to generally resist heat, and providing an outer shell or member around the outside of the at least one inner layer, wherein system is configured to protect a member or a surface of a structure against heat and/or fire. In some embodiments, the method further comprises providing an inner shell or member along an interior of the at least one inner layer. In some embodiments, the method further comprises providing at least one metallic member along the exterior of the outer shell or member. In one embodiment, the method additionally includes providing at least one metallic member along the interior of the inner shell or member.
According to some embodiments, a fireproofing system for protecting an elongate member comprises a first layer comprising glass fiber fabric, wherein the first layer is configured to at least partially wrap around itself to form an inner passage, and an outer pipe or shell defining an interior opening, wherein the first layer is configured to be positioned within the interior opening of the outer pipe or shell. In some embodiments, an elongate member (e.g., cable, beam, conduit, strut, other structural or non-structural component, etc.) is configured to pass through the inner passage.
According to some embodiments, the first layer comprises silica fiber fabric. In one embodiment, the first layer is provided in sheets. In some embodiments, the first layer is at least partially secured to an interior wall of the outer pipe or shell.
According to some embodiments, the outer pipe or shell comprises silicon, plastic (e.g., high density, polyethylene) and/or the like. In some embodiments, the system additionally comprises at least one layer of felt (e.g., recycled carbon felt). In some embodiments, the layer of felt is positioned along an interior of the inner layer. In some embodiments, the system further comprises a material having favorable fireproofing properties (e.g., an intumescent material, Graphene, etc.).
These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present application are described with reference to drawings of certain embodiments, which are intended to illustrate, but not to limit, the present disclosure. It is to be understood that the attached drawings are for the purpose of illustrating concepts disclosed in the present application and may not be to scale.
Depending on a particular structural design or configuration, a cable or other member to be fireproofed and protected can be secured to one or more adjacent members, portions or surfaces (e.g., walls, foundations, slabs, connectors, etc.) along one or more cable locations (e.g., upper and/or lower end of the cable, middle or intermediate portion of the cable, etc.). For example, a bottom portion of the cable C can be coupled or attached to a cable connector (not shown), which may be designed to ensure that the cable C and/or other member or component remain securely connected thereto. Similar retaining features or members can be included along the top, middle and/or any other portion of a cable, pipe, beam and/or other member to be protected.
For any of the embodiments disclosed herein, the cable or other member that is intended to be protected can include a single, unitary construction. Alternatively, however, the various fireproofing systems can be used to protect cables or other members that comprise two or more portions (e.g., portions that are attached to one another, portions that are in proximity to each other, etc.), as desired or required. The fireproofing systems disclosed herein can be used to protect cables and/or other members of various materials. For example, the various systems disclosed herein can be used to fireproof member comprising one or more of the following: metals and/or alloys (e.g., steel, aluminum, copper, etc.), concrete, cement, masonry, plastic and other elastomers, other composites, other synthetic or naturally-occurring materials and/or the like. Further, although the cables or other members that are being fireproofed are illustrated as having a circular cross-section, any of the fireproofing embodiments discussed herein or equivalents thereof can be used to protect member having a different cross-sectional shape, including, without limitation, oval, polygonal (e.g., square, rectangular, triangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, octagonal, etc.), irregular and/or the like. As discussed, the systems disclosed herein can be used to protect walls or other members that may not include a well-defined cross-sectional area. For example, in some embodiments, one or more of the protective systems disclosed herein can be used to protect an exposed (or outer) portion of a wall, e.g., the outer 0 to 3 inches, 0 to 6 inches, 0 to 12 inches, 0 to 2 feet, 0 to 3 feet, 0 to 6 feet, ranges between the foregoing and/or the like.
With reference to the embodiment depicted in
Regardless of the exact materials used in its construction, the pipe or shell 104 can be sized to receive the various bundles of the cable C or other portion of the member to be protected. The shell or pipe 104 can be provided as a single cylindrical portion of unitary or one-piece construction. Alternatively, the pipe or shell 104 can comprise two or more portions that are configured to attach or otherwise couple to one another. For instance, in such a multi-part configuration, the various sections or portions of the shell or pipe 104 can be longitudinally and/or radially joinable, as desired or required.
According to some configurations, the pipe or shell 104 is manufactured with one or more layers, components and/or other portions of a fireproofing system. Thus, in such embodiments, sections of pipe can be provided to the field (e.g., a construction site) already prepared and ready for installation. Alternatively, the various layers and other components of a fireproofing system can be at least partially assembled in the field, as desired or required.
As shown in
In some embodiments, the inner layers are generally heat and/or fire resistant. Likewise, such inner layers typically have a relatively high resistance to heat penetration (e.g., relatively high R-values). For example, in some embodiments, the R-values of the inner layers of the various protective systems disclosed herein are greater than 50 (e.g., 50-60, 60-70, 70-80, 80-90, 90-100, values between the foregoing ranges, greater than 100, etc.).
According to some embodiments, the ceramic wool, silica fiber fabric or other inner layer 110 can include one or more coatings. For example, the fabric 110 can comprise silica, other fireproofing coatings or layers and/or the like. This can help maintain the position of the inner layer 110 relative to the pipe or shell 104.
As shown in
In some embodiments, once the pipe or shell 104 is lined with the inner layer (e.g., silica fiber fabric), cable C or any other member to be protected by the system 100 can pass through the opening of the pipe 104 together with the fireproofing components positioned therein. In some embodiments, the bundles or fibers that comprise the cable C are passed individually through the interior bore of the pipe or shell 104. The area, clearance or space (e.g., annular space A) between the outer surface of the cable C or other member to be protected and the adjacent interior surfaces of the fireproofing system 100 incorporated into the pipe 104 can vary. In some embodiments, since the cable or other member to be protected is passed through the interior opening of the system 100, the various interior layers (e.g., the innermost layer, such as the inner layer in
As shown, the embodiment of
According to some embodiments, one or more layers, coatings or other materials can be positioned between the intermediate layer 230 and the inner layer 210. For example, as illustrated in
In other embodiments, a fireproofing system can comprise a simpler design. For example, the fireproofing system can include one or more layers of felt (e.g., carbon felt). Such felt can, in certain configuration, comprise one or more fireproofing coatings, layers and/or additives, such as, for instance, silica. Such layers can be positioned along the outside of a cable C or other member to be protected, regardless of whether additional layers or components are included, such as, for example, an outer pipe or shell. In some embodiments, such layers can be directly secured to one or more outside surfaces of a cable or other member to be protected.
With continued reference to the embodiment illustrated in
As noted herein with reference to other embodiments, the arrangement schematically illustrated in
With further attention to the embodiment schematically illustrated in
In some embodiments, as schematically illustrated in
With continued reference to the schematic of
For any of the embodiments, disclosed herein (e.g., the system 300 disclosed in
In any of the embodiments disclosed herein, the protective systems include one or more components that are configured to resist heat (e.g., in order to shield the underlying cables or other structural components or members being protected). For example, in many embodiments, the protective systems include one or more inner layers that are generally heat and/or fire resistant. Likewise, such layers typically have a relatively high resistance to heat penetration (e.g., relatively high R-values). For example, in some embodiments, the R-values of the inner layers of the various protective systems disclosed herein are greater than 50 (e.g., 50-60, 60-70, 70-80, 80-90, 90-100, values between the foregoing ranges, greater than 100, etc.). For any of the embodiments disclosed herein, or variations thereof, such inner layers can include ceramic materials and/or other ceramic items (e.g., ceramic wool, ceramic foam, ceramic blanket, etc.). In other arrangements, one or more other materials can be used in the inner layers, either in addition to or in lieu of ceramic-based materials. For example, the inner layers can include silica fabric, other silica-based materials, glass fiber materials and/or the like.
For any of the protective system embodiments disclosed herein, the inner layers can be generally compressible or otherwise capable of being squeezed (e.g., for positioning between inner and/or outer shells or components). Thus, in some embodiments, the inner layers are compressed within adjacent inner and outer pipes or shells or other members (e.g., plates). This can advantageously permit the overall size (e.g., thickness, diameter, etc.) of the corresponding protective member to be reduced, while still maintaining the requisite amount of thermal protection for the cables or other members being shielded. For example, compressing the inner layers can reduce the size of the outer shell and/or other components of the systems; as a result, the overall size and weight of the protective system can be advantageously reduced. In some embodiments, the inner layers are compressed to about 30% to 70% (e.g., 30-35, 35-40, 40-45, 45-50, 50-55, 55-60, 60-65, 65-70%, percentages between the foregoing ranges, etc.) of their original thickness when positioned within the protective system. However, in other embodiments, the inner layers are compressed to less than 30% or greater than 70% of their original thickness when positioned within the protective system, as desired or required. In some embodiments, regardless of whether (or to what extent) the inner layers are compressed, the inner layers can be attached to each other and/or adjacent components of the system (e.g., outer shell, inner shell, etc.) using one or more connection devices or methods, such as, for example, adhesives, fasteners and/or the like.
With continued reference to
As noted herein with reference to other systems, the outer shell 404 and/or the inner shell 440 of the system 400 can be configured to provide heat and/or fire protection (e.g., to the inner layers 410). For example, in some embodiments, the outer and/or inner shells or members 404, 440 comprise silica-fiber, other silica-based materials, ceramics, other high-heat resistant materials, thermoplastics (e.g., high density polyethylene, etc.) and/or the like. Accordingly, in some arrangements, the outer shell 404 can provide a requisite level of protection to the inner layers 410 and other components of the system 400 against heat, fire and the like. In addition, the outer shell 404 can provide protection to such components of the system against the elements (e.g., wind, precipitation, sunlight, dirt, other environmental conditions, etc.) to which the system will be exposed after installation.
With continued reference to
An exterior shell member 460 similar to the one included in the system 400 illustrated in
As with any of the embodiments disclosed herein, a particular annular space or clearance A may be provided between the interior of the system 400 and the outside surface of the cables or other member being protected C, as desired or required. Thus, the systems can be permitted to move (e.g., longitudinally, laterally, etc.) relative to the cable or other member being protected C.
In some embodiments, although not explicitly illustrated in the accompanying figures, a protection system can include metallic or other rigid shells or other members along both the exterior and the interior of the system. Accordingly, in such configurations, the system can be provided with additional protection against the elements, abrasion, corrosion and/or any other potentially damaging events or occurrences.
As noted herein, the protection system embodiments disclosed herein can be used to shield and/or otherwise protect members, surfaces and other items besides cables. For example, the protection system can be used to protect beams, columns, rails, pipes, conduits, pillars, piles, shearwalls, other walls or generally planar or flat surfaces, foundations, slabs, ceilings and the like. Protection systems can be configured to partially or fully surround, encircle, encapsulate and/or otherwise cover such items and other members. Example embodiments of protection systems that can be used to protect such items are schematically illustrated herein in
With reference to
With continued reference to
As schematically illustrated in the arrangement in
In some arrangements, such inner layers 510 include ceramic materials and/or other ceramic items (e.g., ceramic wool, ceramic foam, ceramic blanket, etc.), silica-based materials (e.g., silica fiber fabric), other glass-fiber materials (e.g., other glass fabrics), other fabrics and/or any other material or substance. Such inner layers 510 can be provided in sheets or rolls. Accordingly, the length and width of the inner layers can vary, as desired or required. In some embodiments, the thickness of the inner layers (e.g., ceramic wool, silica fabric, etc.) is 0.1 to 10 mm (e.g., 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, 0.3-0.4, 0.4-0.5, 0.5-0.6-0.7, 0.7-0.8, 0.8-0.9, 0.9-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 7-8, 8-9, 9-10 mm, thicknesses between the foregoing ranges, etc. In some embodiments, the inner layer(s) 510 (e.g., ceramic materials, silica fiber fabric, other fabrics or foams, etc.) is/are applied to and/or along the interior surface of the outer pipe or member 504. One or more adhesives or other attachment devices, techniques and/or methods can be used to continuously or intermittently secure the inner layer(s) 510 to the outer pipe or member 504.
In some embodiments, the inner layers are generally heat and/or fire resistant. Likewise, such inner layers typically have a relatively high resistance to heat penetration (e.g., relatively high R-values). For example, in some embodiments, the R-values of the inner layers of the various protective systems disclosed herein are greater than 50 (e.g., 50-60, 60-70, 70-80, 80-90, 90-100, values between the foregoing ranges, greater than 100, etc.).
According to some embodiments, the ceramic wool, silica fiber fabric or other inner layer 510 can include one or more coatings. For example, the fabric 510 can comprise silica, other fireproofing coatings or layers and/or the like. This can help maintain the position of the inner layer 510 relative to the pipe or member 504.
With attention to the embodiment schematically illustrated in
In some embodiments, one or more inner layers 610 are positioned between the outer and inner shells or members 604, 640. As discussed in greater detail herein, such inner layers 610 can be at least partially compressed in an effort to reduce the overall size (e.g., thickness) and weight of the protection system 600. The inner shell or member 640 can comprise a similar (e.g., identical) or different design and/or construction from the outer shell or member 604, as desired or required. In some embodiments, the inner shell or member 640 is positioned immediately adjacent the wall or other surface S being protected. However, in other arrangements, a certain spacing or clearance (and/or intermediate layer or member) can be positioned between the inner shell or member 640 and the surface S.
For any of the embodiments, disclosed herein (e.g., the system 300 disclosed in
In some embodiments, although not explicitly illustrated in the accompanying figures, a protection system for a wall or other generally planer surface S can include metallic or other rigid shells or other members along both the exterior and the interior of the system. Accordingly, in such configurations, the system can be provided with additional protection against the elements, abrasion, corrosion and/or any other potentially damaging events or occurrences.
The embodiments schematically illustrated in
In some embodiments, stainless steel bolts, heat/fire-resistant tape, epoxies and/or other heat-resistant components can be used to secure the protective systems 500, 600, 700, 800 to the wall or other member S. The use of such components can help ensure that heat does not disadvantageously pass through potentially weak spots or points of the system to the surfaces or members being protected.
In some embodiments, as schematically illustrated in
Miscellaneous
In some embodiments, a system can be used to provide protection to bridge structures that are subject to freezing conditions. Such freezing potential equates to or results in occasional icing that occurs on the cable surfaces. As conditions evolve through differing weather patterns, the ice that forms delaminates causing a potential hazard to people, vehicles, other structures or items and/or the like. Accordingly, a de-icing and/or ice prevention or ice mitigation system can be used to protect against such potential hazards.
As a first step for implementing such an ice protection system, the cable criteria of system parameters are quantified. Parameters can include, but are not limited to, length of freeze protection requirements (e.g., total cable lengths of desired protection area or areas, the diameter of the cable, the diameter of any outer pipe or shell (e.g., metallic or other rigid member, pipe or shell comprising silica-fiber, other silica or silicon-based materials, ceramics, other high-heat resistant materials, HDPE and/or the like) positioned along the exterior of the cable, analysis of the space between cable strands and the pipe, tube or other member, determination of the outer diameter of tube for insertion, the head pressure required for overall maximum height of system, the size of the pumps and heat source required. The pump, determination of the areas to locate auxiliary heat and pump equipment, determination of electrical energy sources and requirements for power, calculations of required quantities of glycol (and/or other anti-freeze agent) for the system, determination of the quantity and spacing of temperature sensors, identification of heat source, pumps, controller and/or the like.
According to some embodiments, an installation procedure can be as provided below. A tube (e.g., of a predetermined size) can be installed into the area between the casing or shell that at least partially surrounds the cable and the cable by routing the tube into the space. Then, the line can be looped back to origination or to the termination point. Next, in some embodiments, a heat and pump system can be installed into a protected area or box provided for this purpose. Glycol and/or some other anti-freeze agent or solution can be provided for the heating fluid. In some arrangements, one or more sensors are installed (e.g., to sense a temperature, to provide feedback control, etc.). In some embodiments, the system can be activated and the sensors can be connected. Then, the system can be configured to initiate heating (e.g., when the outside temperature drops below a particular threshold, such as, for example, 40 degrees F.).
The systems, apparatuses, devices and/or other articles disclosed herein may be formed through any suitable means. The various methods and techniques described above provide a number of ways to carry out the inventions. Of course, it is to be understood that not necessarily all objectives or advantages described may be achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment described herein. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize that the methods may be performed in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other objectives or advantages as may be taught or suggested herein.
Although several embodiments and examples are disclosed herein, the present application extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses of the inventions and modifications and equivalents thereof. It is also contemplated that various combinations or subcombinations of the specific features and aspects of the embodiments may be made and still fall within the scope of the inventions. Accordingly, it should be understood that various features and aspects of the disclosed embodiments can be combine with or substituted for one another in order to form varying modes of the disclosed inventions. Thus, it is intended that the scope of the present inventions herein disclosed should not be limited by the particular disclosed embodiments described above, but should be determined only by a fair reading of the claims that follow.
While the embodiments disclosed herein are susceptible to various modifications, and alternative forms, specific examples thereof have been shown in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the inventions are not to be limited to the particular forms or methods disclosed, but, to the contrary, the inventions are to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the various embodiments described and the appended claims. Any methods disclosed herein need not be performed in the order recited. The methods disclosed herein include certain actions taken by a practitioner; however, they can also include any third-party instruction of those actions, either expressly or by implication. For example, actions such as “providing” include “instructing providing.” The ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all overlap, sub-ranges, and combinations thereof. Language such as “up to,” “at least,” “greater than,” “less than,” “between,” and the like includes the number recited. Numbers preceded by a term such as “about” or “approximately” include the recited numbers. For example, “about 10 mm” includes “10 mm.” Terms or phrases preceded by a term such as “substantially” include the recited term or phrase. For example, “substantially parallel” includes “parallel.”
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/850,838 filed Sep. 10, 2015, which claims priority benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/048,777, filed Sep. 10, 2014, the entireties of both of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
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| U.S. Appl. No. 14/850,838, (U.S. Pat. No. 9,757,599), filed Sep. 10, 2015, Systems and Methods for Fireproofing Cables and Other Structural Members. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20180214721 A1 | Aug 2018 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62048777 | Sep 2014 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14850838 | Sep 2015 | US |
| Child | 15699928 | US |
